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de La Bourdonnaye G, Ghazalova T, Fojtik P, Kutalkova K, Bednar D, Damborsky J, Rotrekl V, Stepankova V, Chaloupkova R. Computer-aided engineering of stabilized fibroblast growth factor 21. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:942-951. [PMID: 38379823 PMCID: PMC10877085 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
FGF21 is an endocrine signaling protein belonging to the family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). It has emerged as a molecule of interest for treating various metabolic diseases due to its role in regulating glucogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver. However, FGF21 is prone to heat, proteolytic, and acid-mediated degradation, and its low molecular weight makes it susceptible to kidney clearance, significantly reducing its therapeutic potential. Protein engineering studies addressing these challenges have generally shown that increasing the thermostability of FGF21 led to improved pharmacokinetics. Here, we describe the computer-aided design and experimental characterization of FGF21 variants with enhanced melting temperature up to 15 °C, uncompromised efficacy at activation of MAPK/ERK signaling in Hep G2 cell culture, and ability to stimulate proliferation of Hep G2 and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cells comparable with FGF21-WT. We propose that stabilizing the FGF21 molecule by rational design should be combined with other reported stabilization strategies to maximize the pharmaceutical potential of FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin de La Bourdonnaye
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ghazalova
- Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Fojtik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Bednar
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Radka Chaloupkova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li HZ, Zhang JL, Yuan DL, Xie WQ, Ladel CH, Mobasheri A, Li YS. Role of signaling pathways in age-related orthopedic diseases: focus on the fibroblast growth factor family. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38902808 PMCID: PMC11191355 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling encompasses a multitude of functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and patterning. FGFs and their receptors (FGFR) are crucial for adult tissue repair processes. Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage, bone loss, muscle reduction, and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), osteoporosis (OP), and sarcopenia. In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically, FGF1, FGF2, FGF8, FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, and FGF23 regulate the synthesis, catabolism, and ossification of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the dysregulation of FGFR expression (FGFR1 and FGFR3) promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation. In OP and sarcopenia, endocrine-derived FGFs (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues. FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles. A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration. Moreover, an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified, such as FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23. However, it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage, and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered. Presently, this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases. Besides, current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing-Lve Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong-Liang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, GA, the Netherlands.
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Gędaj A, Gregorczyk P, Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Kalka M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. Glycosylation of FGF/FGFR: An underrated sweet code regulating cellular signaling programs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:39-55. [PMID: 38719671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute plasma-membrane localized signaling hubs that transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, governing pivotal cellular processes like motility, metabolism, differentiation, division and death. FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for human body development and homeostasis; dysregulation of FGF/FGFR units is observed in numerous developmental diseases and in about 10% of human cancers. Glycosylation is a highly abundant posttranslational modification that is critical for physiological and pathological functions of the cell. Glycosylation is also very common within FGF/FGFR signaling hubs. Vast majority of FGFs (15 out of 22 members) are N-glycosylated and few FGFs are O-glycosylated. Glycosylation is even more abundant within FGFRs; all FGFRs are heavily N-glycosylated in numerous positions within their extracellular domains. A growing number of studies points on the multiple roles of glycosylation in fine-tuning FGF/FGFR signaling. Glycosylation modifies secretion of FGFs, determines their stability and affects interaction with FGFRs and co-receptors. Glycosylation of FGFRs determines their intracellular sorting, constitutes autoinhibitory mechanism within FGFRs and adjusts FGF and co-receptor recognition. Sugar chains attached to FGFs and FGFRs constitute also a form of code that is differentially decrypted by extracellular lectins, galectins, which transform FGF/FGFR signaling at multiple levels. This review focuses on the identified functions of glycosylation within FGFs and FGFRs and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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4
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Zhou W, Su P, Wang Y, Li Z, Liu L. Exploration of the molecular linkage between endometriosis and Crohn disease by bioinformatics methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38097. [PMID: 38758892 PMCID: PMC11098239 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMT) is a common disease in reproductive-age woman and Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies reported that patients with EMT had an increased risk of CD. However, the linkage between EMT and CD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of EMT and CD. METHODS The microarray data of EMT and CD were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Common genes of EMT and CD were obtained to perform the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene Genomes enrichments. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by Cytoscape software and the hub genes were identified by CytoHubba plug-in. Finally we predicted the transcription factors (TFs) of hub genes and constructed a TFs-hub genes regulation network. RESULTS A total of 50 common genes were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene Genomes enrichment showed that the common genes mainly enriched in MAPK pathway, VEGF pathway, Wnt pathway, TGF-beta pathway, and Ras pathway. Fifteen hub genes were collected from the protein-protein interaction network, including FMOD, FRZB, CPE, SST, ISG15, EFEMP1, KDR, ADRA2A, FZD7, AQP1, IGFBP5, NAMPT, PLUA, FGF9, and FHL2. Among them, FGF9, FZD7, IGFBP5, KDR, and NAMPT were both validated in the other 2 datasets. Finally TFs-hub genes regulation network were constructed. CONCLUSION Our findings firstly revealed the linkage between EMT and CD, including inflammation, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and cell behaviors, which may lead to the risk of CD in EMT. FGF9, FZD7, IGFBP5, KDR, and NAMPT may closely relate to the linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peizhu Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaotao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Lau DK, Collin JP, Mariadason JM. Clinical Developments and Challenges in Treating FGFR2-Driven Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1117. [PMID: 38791079 PMCID: PMC11118914 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted therapies have yielded some improvement in survival outcomes; however, metastatic GC remains a lethal malignancy and amongst the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Importantly, the ongoing molecular characterisation of GCs continues to uncover potentially actionable molecular targets. Among these, aberrant FGFR2-driven signalling, predominantly arising from FGFR2 amplification, occurs in approximately 3-11% of GCs. However, whilst several inhibitors of FGFR have been clinically tested to-date, there are currently no approved FGFR-directed therapies for GC. In this review, we summarise the significance of FGFR2 as an actionable therapeutic target in GC, examine the recent pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of small-molecule inhibitors, antibody-based therapies, as well as novel approaches such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for targeting FGFR2 in these tumours, and discuss the ongoing challenges and opportunities associated with their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Lau
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jack P. Collin
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - John M. Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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6
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Vu TL, Nguyen TKO, Song JA, Chong S, Choe H. Enhanced prokaryotic expression, purification, and biological activities of human keratinocyte growth factor. J Biotechnol 2024; 386:42-51. [PMID: 38552676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), also known as fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), plays a critical role in embryonic development, cell proliferation, and differentiation. However, efficient production of recombinant KGF remains a challenge due to its low expression levels and high tendency for aggregation in Escherichia coli. This study aimed to enhance the expression and solubility of KGF by employing different protein tags-PDIb'a', MBP, and His-fused to the N-terminus of KGF. Among these, H-PDIb'a'-KGF demonstrated superior stability and was selected for large-scale production and purification. The purified KGF was confirmed through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis, which showed an 81% fragment mass identification coverage. Biological activity assessments using human breast cancer MCF-7 cells indicated that purified KGF significantly increased cell proliferation, with an EC50 of 6.4 ± 0.5 pM. Interestingly, PDIb'a' alone also exhibited a stimulatory effect on MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the purified KGF enhanced the wound healing of HaCaT keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provide valuable insights into the efficient production and functional characterization of recombinant KGF for potential applications in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Luong Vu
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jung-A Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Seonha Chong
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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7
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Meng H, Liao Z, Ji Y, Wang D, Han Y, Huang C, Hu X, Chen J, Zhang H, Li Z, Wang C, Sun H, Sun J, Chen L, Yin J, Zhao J, Xu T, Liu H. FGF7 enhances the expression of ACE2 in human islet organoids aggravating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:104. [PMID: 38654010 PMCID: PMC11039711 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a primary cell surface viral binding receptor for SARS-CoV-2, so finding new regulatory molecules to modulate ACE2 expression levels is a promising strategy against COVID-19. In the current study, we utilized islet organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), animal models and COVID-19 patients to discover that fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) enhances ACE2 expression within the islets, facilitating SARS-CoV-2 infection and resulting in impaired insulin secretion. Using hESC-derived islet organoids, we demonstrated that FGF7 interacts with FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) and FGFR1 to upregulate ACE2 expression predominantly in β cells. This upregulation increases both insulin secretion and susceptibility of β cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inhibiting FGFR counteracts the FGF7-induced ACE2 upregulation, subsequently reducing viral infection and replication in the islets. Furthermore, retrospective clinical data revealed that diabetic patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms exhibited elevated serum FGF7 levels compared to those with mild symptoms. Finally, animal experiments indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection increased pancreatic FGF7 levels, resulting in a reduction of insulin concentrations in situ. Taken together, our research offers a potential regulatory strategy for ACE2 by controlling FGF7, thereby protecting islets from SARS-CoV-2 infection and preventing the progression of diabetes in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting Ji
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yang Han
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Xujuan Hu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Changliang Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxiang Yin
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huisheng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Karl K, Del Piccolo N, Light T, Roy T, Dudeja P, Ursachi VC, Fafilek B, Krejci P, Hristova K. Ligand bias underlies differential signaling of multiple FGFs via FGFR1. eLife 2024; 12:RP88144. [PMID: 38568193 PMCID: PMC10990489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The differential signaling of multiple FGF ligands through a single fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) plays an important role in embryonic development. Here, we use quantitative biophysical tools to uncover the mechanism behind differences in FGFR1c signaling in response to FGF4, FGF8, and FGF9, a process which is relevant for limb bud outgrowth. We find that FGF8 preferentially induces FRS2 phosphorylation and extracellular matrix loss, while FGF4 and FGF9 preferentially induce FGFR1c phosphorylation and cell growth arrest. Thus, we demonstrate that FGF8 is a biased FGFR1c ligand, as compared to FGF4 and FGF9. Förster resonance energy transfer experiments reveal a correlation between biased signaling and the conformation of the FGFR1c transmembrane domain dimer. Our findings expand the mechanistic understanding of FGF signaling during development and bring the poorly understood concept of receptor tyrosine kinase ligand bias into the spotlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Karl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Taylor Light
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pooja Dudeja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vlad-Constantin Ursachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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9
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Feng J, Fu S, Luan J. Harnessing fine fibers in decellularized adipose-derived matrix for enhanced adipose regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100974. [PMID: 38322660 PMCID: PMC10844111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Decellularized Adipose-Derived Matrix (DAM) has the function of inducing adipogenesis, but the distribution of adipogenesis is uneven. We found for the first time that DAM contains two structural components: The tough fibers DAM (T-DAM) and the fine fibers DAM (F-DAM). T-DAM was a dense vortex structure composed of a large number of coarse fibers, characterized by myoblast-related proteins, which cannot achieve fat regeneration and forms a typical "adipose-free zone". While the F-DAM was a loose structure consisting of uniform fine fibers, has more matrix-related proteins and adipose-related proteins. It can not only better promote the adhesion and proliferation of adipose stem cells in vitro, but also achieve the regeneration of adipose tissue in vivo earlier and better, with a uniform range of adipogenesis. The F-DAM is the main and effective kind of DAM to initiate adipose tissue regeneration, which can be picked out by ultrasound fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Feng
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, China
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10
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Ding K, Chen L, Levine K, Sikora M, Tasdemir N, Dabbs D, Jankowitz R, Hazan R, Shah OS, Atkinson JM, Lee AV, Oesterreich S. Estrogen regulation and functional role of FGFR4 in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585626. [PMID: 38562741 PMCID: PMC10983957 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major challenge of managing estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. We previously reported frequent overexpression of FGFR4 in endocrine resistant cell lines and breast cancers that recurred and metastasized following endocrine therapy, suggesting FGFR4 as a potential driver of endocrine resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of FGFR4 in mediating endocrine resistance and explored the therapeutic potential of targeting FGFR4 in advanced breast cancer. Methods A gene expression signature of FGFR4 activity was examined in ER+ breast cancer pre- and post-neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and the association between FGFR4 expression and patient survival was examined. A correlation analysis was used to uncover potential regulators of FGFR4 overexpression. To investigate if FGFR4 is necessary to drive endocrine resistance, we tested response to FGFR4 inhibition in long term estrogen deprived (LTED) cells and their paired parental cells. Doxycycline inducible FGFR4 overexpression and knockdown cell models were generated to examine if FGFR4 was sufficient to confer endocrine resistance. Finally, we examined response to FGFR4 monotherapy or combination therapy with fulvestrant in breast cancer cell lines to explore the potential of FGFR4 targeted therapy for advanced breast cancer and assessed the importance of PAM50 subtype in response to FGFR4 inhibition. Results A FGFR4 activity gene signature was significantly upregulated post neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor treatment, and high FGFR4 expression predicted poorer survival in patients with ER+ breast cancer. Gene expression association analysis using TCGA, METABRIC and SCAN-B datasets uncovered ER as the most significant gene negatively correlated with FGFR4 expression. ER negatively regulates FGFR4 expression at both the mRNA and protein level across multiple ER+ breast cancer cell lines. Despite robust overexpression of FGFR4, LTED cells did not show enhanced responses to FGFR4 inhibition compared to parental cells. Similarly, FGFR4 overexpression, knockdown or hotspot mutations did not significantly alter response to endocrine treatment in ER+ cell lines, nor did FGFR4 and fulvestrant combination treatment show synergistic effects. The HER2-like subtype of breast cancer showed elevated expression of FGFR4 and an increased response to FGFR4 inhibition relative to other breast cancer subtypes. Conclusions Despite ER-mediated upregulation of FGFR4 post endocrine therapy, our study does not support a general role of FGFR4 in mediating endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer. Our data suggests that specific genomic backgrounds such as HER2 expression may be required for FGFR4 function in breast cancer and should be further explored.
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11
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Feng S, Ding B, Dai Z, Yin H, Ding Y, Liu S, Zhang K, Lin H, Xiao Z, Shen Y. Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted FGF7 as an ovarian cancer progression promoter. J Transl Med 2024; 22:280. [PMID: 38491511 PMCID: PMC10941588 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is distinguished by its aggressive nature and the limited efficacy of current treatment strategies. Recent studies have emphasized the significant role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in OC development and progression. METHODS Employing sophisticated machine learning techniques on bulk transcriptomic datasets, we identified fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), derived from CAFs, as a potential oncogenic factor. We investigated the relationship between FGF7 expression and various clinical parameters. A series of in vitro experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of CAFs-derived FGF7 on OC cell activities, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis was also conducted to elucidate the interaction between FGF7 and its receptor. Detailed mechanistic investigations sought to clarify the pathways through which FGF7 fosters OC progression. RESULTS Our findings indicate that higher FGF7 levels correlate with advanced tumor stages, increased vascular invasion, and poorer prognosis. CAFs-derived FGF7 significantly enhanced OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Single-cell analysis and in vitro studies revealed that CAFs-derived FGF7 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) via FGFR2 interaction. Activation of the FGF7/HIF-1α pathway resulted in the upregulation of mesenchymal markers and downregulation of epithelial markers. Importantly, in vivo treatment with neutralizing antibodies targeting CAFs-derived FGF7 substantially reduced tumor growth. CONCLUSION Neutralizing FGF7 in the medium or inhibiting HIF-1α signaling reversed the effects of FGF7-mediated EMT, emphasizing the dependence of FGF7-mediated EMT on HIF-1α activation. These findings suggest that targeting the FGF7/HIF-1α/EMT axis may offer new therapeutic opportunities to intervene in OC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sicong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Hu C, Qiao W, Li X, Ning ZK, Liu J, Dalangood S, Li H, Yu X, Zong Z, Wen Z, Gui J. Tumor-secreted FGF21 acts as an immune suppressor by rewiring cholesterol metabolism of CD8 +T cells. Cell Metab 2024; 36:630-647.e8. [PMID: 38309268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Tumors employ diverse strategies for immune evasion. Unraveling the mechanisms by which tumors suppress anti-tumor immunity facilitates the development of immunotherapies. Here, we have identified tumor-secreted fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a pivotal immune suppressor. FGF21 is upregulated in multiple types of tumors and promotes tumor progression. Tumor-secreted FGF21 significantly disrupts anti-tumor immunity by rewiring cholesterol metabolism of CD8+T cells. Mechanistically, FGF21 sustains the hyperactivation of AKT-mTORC1-sterol regulatory-element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) signal axis in the activated CD8+T cells, resulting in the augment of cholesterol biosynthesis and T cell exhaustion. FGF21 knockdown or blockade using a neutralizing antibody normalizes AKT-mTORC1 signaling and reduces excessive cholesterol accumulation in CD8+T cells, thus restoring CD8+T cytotoxic function and robustly suppressing tumor growth. Our findings reveal FGF21 as a "secreted immune checkpoint" that hampers anti-tumor immunity, suggesting that inhibiting FGF21 could be a valuable strategy to enhance the cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cegui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ning
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sumiya Dalangood
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Iwata D, Kometani-Gunjigake K, Nakao-Kuroishi K, Mizuhara M, Nakatomi M, Moriyama K, Ono K, Kawamoto T. Ser252Trp mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 promotes branching morphogenesis in mouse salivary glands. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:90-97. [PMID: 38246420 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to perform morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the submandibular glands (SMGs) in early development in Apert syndrome model mice (Ap mice). METHODS ACTB-Cre homozygous mice were mated with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2+/Neo-S252W) mice; ACTB-Cre heterozygous mice (ACTB-Cre mice) at embryonic day (E) 13.5 served as the control group, and Fgfr2+/S252W mice (Ap mice) served as the experimental group. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on SMGs; Total SMG area and epithelial area were determined, and the epithelial occupancy ratio was calculated. Immunostaining was performed to assess the localization of FGF signaling-related proteins. Next, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells were evaluated to assess cell proliferation. Finally, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to assess apoptosis in SMGs. RESULTS The epithelial occupancy ratio was significantly higher in SMGs of Ap mice compared with that in SMGs of controls. FGF7 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) exhibited different localizations in SMGs of Ap mice compared with SMGs of controls. Cell proliferation was higher in SMGs of Ap mice compared with that of controls; however, apoptosis did not different significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that enhanced FGF signaling conferred by missense mutations in FGFR2 promotes branching morphogenesis in SMGs of Ap mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Iwata
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kaori Kometani-Gunjigake
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kayoko Nakao-Kuroishi
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizuhara
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 807-8580, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
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Cheng YS, Taniguchi Y, Yunoki Y, Masai S, Nogi M, Doi H, Sekiguchi K, Nakagawa M. Simultaneous binding of bFGF to both FGFR and integrin maintains properties of primed human induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Ther 2024; 25:113-127. [PMID: 38226057 PMCID: PMC10788407 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2) and integrin α6β1 are important for maintaining the pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Although bFGF-integrin binding contributes to biofunctions in cancer cells, the relationship in hPSCs remains unclear. Methods To investigate the relationship between bFGF and integrin in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we generated recombinant human bFGF wild-type and mutant proteins, that do not bind to integrin, FGFR, or both. We then cultured hiPSCs with these recombinant bFGF proteins. To evaluate the abilities of recombinant bFGF proteins in maintaining hPSC properties, pluripotent markers, ERK activity, and focal adhesion structure were analyzed through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunoblotting (IB). Result We identified an interaction between bFGF and integrin α6β1 in vitro and in hiPSCs. The integrin non-binding mutant was incapable of inducing the hPSC properties, such as proliferation, ERK activity, and large focal adhesions at the edges of hiPSC colonies. Signaling induced by bFGF-FGFR binding was essential during the first 24 h after cell seeding for maintaining the properties of hPSCs, followed by a shift towards intracellular signaling via the bFGF-integrin interaction. The mixture of the two bFGF mutants also failed to maintain hPSC properties, indicating that bFGF binds to both FGFR and integrin. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the integrin-bFGF-FGFR ternary complex maintains the properties of hPSCs via intracellular signaling, providing insights into the functional crosstalk between bFGF and integrins in hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Taniguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yunoki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satomi Masai
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nogi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hatsuki Doi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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15
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Li X, Lu W, Kharitonenkov A, Luo Y. Targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 pathway for cholestatic, metabolic, and cancerous diseases. J Intern Med 2024; 295:292-312. [PMID: 38212977 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19, or FGF15 in rodents) plays a central role in controlling bile acid (BA) synthesis through a negative feedback mechanism. This process involves a postprandial crosstalk between the BA-activated ileal farnesoid X receptor and the hepatic Klotho beta (KLB) coreceptor complexed with fibrobalst growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) kinase. Additionally, FGF19 regulates glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism by coordinating responses from functional KLB and FGFR1-3 receptor complexes on the periphery. Pharmacologically, native FGF19 or its analogs decrease elevated BA levels, fat content, and collateral tissue damage. This makes them effective in treating both cholestatic diseases such as primary biliary or sclerosing cholangitis (PBC or PSC) and metabolic abnormalities such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, chronic administration of FGF19 drives oncogenesis in mice by activating the FGFR4-dependent mitogenic or hepatic regenerative pathway, which could be a concern in humans. Agents that block FGF19 or FGFR4 signaling have shown great potency in preventing FGF19-responsive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in animal models. Recent phase 1/2 clinical trials have demonstrated promising results for several FGF19-based agents in selectively treating patients with PBC, PSC, NASH, or HCC. This review aims to provide an update on the clinical development of both analogs and antagonists targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway for patients with cholestatic, metabolic, and cancer diseases. We will also analyze potential safety and mechanistic concerns that should guide future research and advanced trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Schmidt J, Kaulfuß S, Ott H, Gaubert M, Reintjes N, Bremmer F, Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Stroebel P, Yigit G, Wollnik B. Expansion of the complex genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of FGFR2-associated neurocutaneous syndromes. Hum Genet 2024; 143:159-168. [PMID: 38265560 PMCID: PMC10881730 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors comprise a family of related but individually distinct tyrosine kinase receptors. Within this family, FGFR2 is a key regulator in many biological processes, e.g., cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Heterozygous activating non-mosaic germline variants in FGFR2 have been linked to numerous autosomal dominantly inherited disorders including several craniosynostoses and skeletal dysplasia syndromes. We report on a girl with cutaneous nevi, ocular malformations, macrocephaly, mild developmental delay, and the initial clinical diagnosis of Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, a very rare mosaic neurocutaneous disorder caused by postzygotic missense variants in HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS. Exome sequencing of blood and affected skin tissue identified the mosaic variant c.1647=/T > G p.(Asn549=/Lys) in FGFR2, upstream of the RAS signaling pathway. The variant is located in the tyrosine kinase domain of FGFR2 in a region that regulates the activity of the receptor and structural mapping and functional characterization revealed that it results in constitutive receptor activation. Overall, our findings indicate FGFR2-associated neurocutaneous syndrome as the accurate clinical-molecular diagnosis for the reported individual, and thereby expand the complex genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of FGFR-associated disorders. We conclude that molecular analysis of FGFR2 should be considered in the genetic workup of individuals with the clinical suspicion of a mosaic neurocutaneous condition, as the knowledge of the molecular cause might have relevant implications for genetic counseling, prognosis, tumor surveillance and potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hagen Ott
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital Auf Der Bult, Academic Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marianne Gaubert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Reintjes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Stroebel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Samad SS, Schwartz JM, Francavilla C. Functional selectivity of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases regulates distinct cellular outputs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1348056. [PMID: 38259512 PMCID: PMC10800419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1348056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional selectivity refers to the activation of differential signalling and cellular outputs downstream of the same membrane-bound receptor when activated by two or more different ligands. Functional selectivity has been described and extensively studied for G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), leading to specific therapeutic options for dysregulated GPCRs functions. However, studies regarding the functional selectivity of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) remain sparse. Here, we will summarize recent data about RTK functional selectivity focusing on how the nature and the amount of RTK ligands and the crosstalk of RTKs with other membrane proteins regulate the specificity of RTK signalling. In addition, we will discuss how structural changes in RTKs upon ligand binding affects selective signalling pathways. Much remains to be known about the integration of different signals affecting RTK signalling specificity to orchestrate long-term cellular outcomes. Recent advancements in omics, specifically quantitative phosphoproteomics, and in systems biology methods to study, model and integrate different types of large-scale omics data have increased our ability to compare several signals affecting RTK functional selectivity in a global, system-wide fashion. We will discuss how such methods facilitate the exploration of important signalling hubs and enable data-driven predictions aiming at improving the efficacy of therapeutics for diseases like cancer, where redundant RTK signalling pathways often compromise treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakim S. Samad
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Functions, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Division of Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Functions, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Section of Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
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Jarc L, Bandral M, Zanfrini E, Lesche M, Kufrin V, Sendra R, Pezzolla D, Giannios I, Khattak S, Neumann K, Ludwig B, Gavalas A. Regulation of multiple signaling pathways promotes the consistent expansion of human pancreatic progenitors in defined conditions. eLife 2024; 12:RP89962. [PMID: 38180318 PMCID: PMC10945307 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The unlimited expansion of human progenitor cells in vitro could unlock many prospects for regenerative medicine. However, it remains an important challenge as it requires the decoupling of the mechanisms supporting progenitor self-renewal and expansion from those mechanisms promoting their differentiation. This study focuses on the expansion of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (PP) to advance novel therapies for diabetes. We obtained mechanistic insights into PP expansion requirements and identified conditions for the robust and unlimited expansion of hPS cell-derived PP cells under GMP-compliant conditions through a hypothesis-driven iterative approach. We show that the combined stimulation of specific mitogenic pathways, suppression of retinoic acid signaling, and inhibition of selected branches of the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways are necessary for the effective decoupling of PP proliferation from differentiation. This enabled the reproducible, 2000-fold, over 10 passages and 40-45 d, expansion of PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells. Transcriptome analyses confirmed the stabilization of PP identity and the effective suppression of differentiation. Using these conditions, PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells, derived from different, both XY and XX, hPS cell lines, were enriched to nearly 90% homogeneity and expanded with very similar kinetics and efficiency. Furthermore, non-expanded and expanded PP cells, from different hPS cell lines, were differentiated in microwells into homogeneous islet-like clusters (SC-islets) with very similar efficiency. These clusters contained abundant β-cells of comparable functionality as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. These findings established the signaling requirements to decouple PP proliferation from differentiation and allowed the consistent expansion of hPS cell-derived PP cells. They will enable the establishment of large banks of GMP-produced PP cells derived from diverse hPS cell lines. This approach will streamline SC-islet production for further development of the differentiation process, diabetes research, personalized medicine, and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Jarc
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Manuj Bandral
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Elisa Zanfrini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Dresden Concept Genome Centre (DcGC), TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB) Technology Platform, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Vida Kufrin
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - Raquel Sendra
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Ioannis Giannios
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility, (SCEF), CRTD, Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility, (SCEF), CRTD, Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
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19
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Krzyscik MA, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł, Otlewski J. Targeting HER2 and FGFR-positive cancer cells with a bispecific cytotoxic conjugate combining anti-HER2 Affibody and FGF2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127657. [PMID: 38287563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective targeted therapies. This study aimed to create bispecific targeting molecules against HER2 and FGFR1, two receptors known to play crucial roles in breast cancer progression. By combining the high-affinity Affibody ZHER2:2891 and a modified, stable form of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), we successfully generated bispecific proteins capable of simultaneously recognizing HER2 and FGFR1. Two variants were designed: AfHER2-sFGF2 with a shorter linker and AfHER2-lFGF2 with a longer linker between the HER2 and FGFR1-recognizing proteins. Both proteins exhibited selective binding to HER2 and FGFR1, with AfHER2-lFGF2 demonstrating simultaneous binding to both receptors. AfHER2-lFGF2 exhibited superior internalization compared to FGF2 in FGFR-positive cells and significantly increased internalization compared to AfHER2 in HER2-positive cells. To enhance their therapeutic potential, highly potent cytotoxic agent MMAE was conjugated to the targeting proteins, resulting in protein-drug conjugates. The bispecific AfHER2-lFGF2-vcMMAE conjugate demonstrated exceptional cytotoxic activity against HER2-positive, FGFR-positive, and dual-positive cancer cell lines that was significantly higher compared to monospecific conjugates. These data indicate the beneficial effect of simultaneous targeting of HER2 and FGFR1 in precise anticancer medicine and contribute valuable insights into the design and potential of bispecific targeting molecules for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz A Krzyscik
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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20
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Roskoski R. Cost in the United States of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107036. [PMID: 38096958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Because genetic alterations including mutations, overexpression, translocations, and dysregulation of protein kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, this enzyme family is the target of many drug discovery programs worldwide. The FDA has approved 80 small molecule protein kinase inhibitors with 77 drugs orally bioavailable. The data indicate that 69 of these medicinals are approved for the management of neoplasms including solid tumors such as breast and lung cancer as well as non-solid tumors such as leukemia. Moreover, the remaining 11 drugs target non-neoplastic diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. The cost of drugs was obtained from www.pharmacychecker.com using the FDA label to determine the dosage and number of tablets required per day. This methodology excludes any private or governmental insurance coverage, which would cover the entire cost or more likely a fraction of the stated price. The average monthly cost for the treatment of neoplastic diseases was $17,900 with a price of $44,000 for futibatinib (used to treat cholangiocarcinomas with FGFR2 fusions) and minimum of $5100 for binimetinib (melanoma). The average monthly cost for the treatment of non-neoplastic diseases was $6800 with a maximum of $17,000 for belumosudil (graft vs. host disease) and a minimum of $200 for netarsudil eye drops (glaucoma). There is a negative correlation of the cost of the drugs and the incidence of the targeted disease. Many of these agents are or were designated as orphan drugs meaning that there are fewer than 200,000 potential patients in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791, United States.
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21
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Wang R, Wang J, Zhang Z, Ma B, Sun S, Gao L, Gao G. FGF21 alleviates endothelial mitochondrial damage and prevents BBB from disruption after intracranial hemorrhage through a mechanism involving SIRT6. Mol Med 2023; 29:165. [PMID: 38049769 PMCID: PMC10696847 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the BBB is a harmful event after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and this disruption contributes to a series of secondary injuries. We hypothesized that FGF21 may have protective effects after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and investigated possible underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Blood samples of ICH patients were collected to determine the relationship between the serum level of FGF21 and the [Formula: see text]GCS%. Wild-type mice, SIRT6flox/flox mice, endothelial-specific SIRT6-homozygous-knockout mice (eSIRT6-/- mice) and cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were used to determine the protective effects of FGF21 on the BBB. RESULTS We obtained original clinical evidence from patient data identifying a positive correlation between the serum level of FGF21 and [Formula: see text]GCS%. In mice, we found that FGF21 treatment is capable of alleviating BBB damage, mitigating brain edema, reducing lesion volume and improving neurofunction after ICH. In vitro, after oxyhemoglobin injury, we further explored the protective effects of FGF21 on endothelial cells (ECs), which are a significant component of the BBB. Mitochondria play crucial roles during various types of stress reactions. FGF21 significantly improved mitochondrial biology and function in ECs, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial morphology damage, reduced ROS accumulation, and restored ATP production. Moreover, we found that the crucial regulatory mitochondrial factor deacylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) played an irreplaceable role in the effects of FGF21. Using endothelial-specific SIRT6-knockout mice, we found that SIRT6 deficiency largely diminished these neuroprotective effects of FGF21. Then, we revealed that FGF21 might promote the expression of SIRT6 via the AMPK-Foxo3a pathway. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that FGF21 is capable of protecting the BBB after ICH by improving SIRT6-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shukai Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Dordoe C, Huang W, Bwalya C, Wang X, Shen B, Wang H, Wang J, Ye S, Wang P, Xiaoyan B, Li X, Lin L. The role of microglial activation on ischemic stroke: Modulation by fibroblast growth factors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:122-133. [PMID: 37573252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the devastating clinical conditions that causes death and permanent disability. Its occurrence causes the reduction of oxygen and glucose supply, resulting in events such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that exert diverse roles and respond to pathological process after an ischemic insult. The discovery of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in mammals, resulted to the findings that they can treat experimental models of stroke in animals effectively. FGFs function as homeostatic factors that control cells and hormones involved in metabolism, and they also regulate the secretion of proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) cytokines after stroke. In this review, we outline current evidence of microglia activation in experimental models of stroke focusing on its ability to exacerbate damage or repair tissue. Also, our review sheds light on the pharmacological actions of FGFs on multiple targets to regulate microglial modulation and highlighted their theoretical molecular mechanisms to provide possible therapeutic targets, as well as their limitations for the treatment of stroke. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Confidence Dordoe
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Canol Bwalya
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bixin Shen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bao Xiaoyan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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23
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Michel ZD, Aitken SF, Glover OD, Alejandro LO, Randazzo D, Dambkowski C, Martin D, Collins MT, Somerman MJ, Chu EY. Infigratinib, a selective FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alters dentoalveolar development at high doses. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1428-1448. [PMID: 37435833 PMCID: PMC10784415 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gain-of-function mutations are linked to achondroplasia. Infigratinib, a FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improves skeletal growth in an achondroplasia mouse model. FGFs and their receptors have critical roles in developing teeth, yet effects of infigratinib on tooth development have not been assessed. Dentoalveolar and craniofacial phenotype of Wistar rats dosed with low (0.1 mg/kg) and high (1.0 mg/kg) dose infigratinib were evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mandibular third molars were reduced in size and exhibited aberrant crown and root morphology in 100% of female rats and 80% of male rats at high doses. FGFR3 and FGF18 immunolocalization and extracellular matrix protein expression were unaffected, but cathepsin K (CTSK) was altered by infigratinib. Cranial vault bones exhibited alterations in dimension, volume, and density that were more pronounced in females. In both sexes, interfrontal sutures were significantly more patent with high dose vs vehicle. CONCLUSIONS High dose infigratinib administered to rats during early stages affects dental and craniofacial development. Changes in CTSK from infigratinib in female rats suggest FGFR roles in bone homeostasis. While dental and craniofacial disruptions are not expected at therapeutic doses, our findings confirm the importance of dental monitoring in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Michel
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah F Aitken
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar D Glover
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucy O Alejandro
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Davide Randazzo
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Martin
- QED Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Kjer-Hansen P, Weatheritt RJ. The function of alternative splicing in the proteome: rewiring protein interactomes to put old functions into new contexts. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1844-1856. [PMID: 38036695 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing affects more than 95% of multi-exon genes in the human genome. These changes affect the proteome in a myriad of ways. Here, we review our understanding of the breadth of these changes from their effect on protein structure to their influence on interactions. These changes encompass effects on nucleic acid binding in the nucleus to protein-carbohydrate interactions in the extracellular milieu, altering interactions involving all major classes of biological molecules. Protein isoforms have profound influences on cellular and tissue physiology, for example, by shaping neuronal connections, enhancing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and allowing for alternative viral defense strategies in stem cells. More broadly, alternative splicing enables repurposing proteins from one context to another and thereby contributes to both the evolution of new traits as well as the creation of disease-specific interactomes that drive pathological phenotypes. In this Review, we highlight this universal character of alternative splicing as a central regulator of protein function with implications for almost every biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kjer-Hansen
- EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- St. Vincent Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Robert J Weatheritt
- EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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25
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Peixoto PM, Bromfield JJ, Ribeiro ES, Santos JEP, Thatcher WW, Bisinotto RS. Transcriptome changes associated with elongation of bovine conceptuses I: Differentially expressed transcripts in the conceptus on day 17 after insemination. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9745-9762. [PMID: 37641295 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize transcriptome changes associated with elongation in bovine conceptuses during preimplantation stages. Nonlactating Holstein cows were euthanized 17 d after artificial insemination (AI) and the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL was flushed with saline solution. Recovered conceptuses were classified as small (1.2 to 6.9 cm; n = 9), medium (10.5 to 16.0 cm; n = 9), or large (18.0 to 26.4 cm; n = 10). Total mRNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptome analyses using the Affymetrix Gene Chip Bovine array. Data were normalized using the GCRMA method and analyzed by robust regression using the Linear Models for Microarray library within Bioconductor in R. Transcripts with P ≤ 0.05 after adjustment for false discovery rate and fold change ≥1.5 were considered differentially expressed. Functional analyses were conducted using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis platform. Comparisons between large versus small (LvsS), large versus medium (LvsM), and medium versus small (MvsS) conceptuses yielded a total of 634, 240, and 63 differentially expressed transcripts, respectively. Top canonical pathways of known involvement with embryo growth that were upregulated in large conceptuses included actin cytoskeleton (LvsS), integrin signaling (LvsS and LvsM), ephrin receptor (LvsS), mesenchymal transition by growth factor (LvsM), and regulation of calpain protease (LvsS). Transcripts involved with lipid metabolism pathways (LXR/RXR, FXR/RXR, hepatic fibrosis) were associated with the LvsS and LvsM, and some transcripts such as APOC2, APOH, APOM, RARA, RBP4, and PPARGC1A, were involved in these pathways. An overall network summary associated biological downstream effects of invasion of cells, proliferation of embryonic cells, and inhibition of organismal death in the LvsS. In conclusion, differently expressed transcripts in the LvsS comparison were associated with the cell growth, adhesion, and organismal development, although part of these findings could be attributed to differences in circulatory concentrations of progesterone of the cows that bore large and small conceptuses. The large and medium conceptuses developed under similar concentrations of progesterone and presented 240 differently expressed transcripts, associated with cell differentiation, metabolite regulation, and other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Peixoto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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26
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Rochais F, Kelly RG. Fibroblast growth factor 10. Differentiation 2023:100741. [PMID: 38040515 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is a major morphoregulatory factor that plays essential signaling roles during vertebrate multiorgan development and homeostasis. FGF10 is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal cells and signals though FGFR2b in adjacent epithelia to regulate branching morphogenesis, stem cell fate, tissue differentiation and proliferation, in addition to autocrine roles. Genetic loss of function analyses have revealed critical requirements for FGF10 signaling during limb, lung, digestive system, ectodermal, nervous system, craniofacial and cardiac development. Heterozygous FGF10 mutations have been identified in human genetic syndromes associated with craniofacial anomalies, including lacrimal and salivary gland aplasia. Elevated Fgf10 expression is associated with poor prognosis in a range of cancers. In addition to developmental and disease roles, FGF10 regulates homeostasis and repair of diverse adult tissues and has been identified as a target for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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27
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Zieba J, Nevarez L, Wachtell D, Martin JH, Kot A, Wong S, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Altered Sox9 and FGF signaling gene expression in Aga2 OI mice negatively affects linear growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171984. [PMID: 37796615 PMCID: PMC10721276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a disorder characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture incidence. All forms of OI also feature short stature, implying an effect on endochondral ossification. Using the Aga2+/- mouse, which has a mutation in type I collagen, we show an affected growth plate primarily due to a shortened proliferative zone. We used single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tibial and femoral growth plate tissues to understand transcriptional consequences on growth plate cell types. We show that perichondrial cells, which express abundant type I procollagen, and growth plate chondrocytes, which were found to express low amounts of type I procollagen, had ER stress and dysregulation of the same unfolded protein response pathway as previously demonstrated in osteoblasts. Aga2+/- proliferating chondrocytes showed increased FGF and MAPK signaling, findings consistent with accelerated differentiation. There was also increased Sox9 expression throughout the growth plate, which is expected to accelerate early chondrocyte differentiation but reduce late hypertrophic differentiation. These data reveal that mutant type I collagen expression in OI has an impact on the cartilage growth plate. These effects on endochondral ossification indicate that OI is a biologically complex phenotype going beyond its known impacts on bone to negatively affect linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Davis Wachtell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge H. Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Kot
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sereen Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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28
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Goldschagg MGE, Hockman D. FGF18. Differentiation 2023:100735. [PMID: 38007374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
FGF18 was discovered in 1998. It is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates major signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth, and is involved in the development and homeostasis of many tissues such as bone, lung, and central nervous system. The gene consists of five exons that code for a 207 amino acid glycosylated protein. FGF18 is widely expressed in developing and adult chickens, mice, and humans, being seen in the mesenchyme, brain, skeleton, heart, and lungs. Knockout studies of FGF18 in mice lead to perinatal death, characterised by distinct phenotypes such as cleft palate, smaller body size, curved long bones, deformed ribs, and reduced crania. As can be expected from a protein involved in so many functions FGF18 is associated with various diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and most notably various types of cancer such as breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G E Goldschagg
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dorit Hockman
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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29
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Van Greenen JD, Hockman D. FGF20. Differentiation 2023:100737. [PMID: 38007375 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) is a neurotrophic factor and a member of the FGF9 subfamily. It was first identified in Xenopus embryos and was isolated shortly thereafter from the adult rat brain. Its receptors include FGFR4, FGFR3b, FGFR2b and the FGFRc splice forms. In adults it is highly expressed in the brain, while it is expressed in a variety of regions during embryonic development, including the inner ear, heart, hair placodes, mammary buds, dental epithelium and limbs. As a result of its wide-spread expression, FGF20 mouse mutants exhibit a variety of phenotypes including congenital deafness, lack of hair, small kidneys and delayed mammary ductal outgrowth. FGF20 is also associated with human diseases including Parkinson's Disease, cancer and hereditary deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine D Van Greenen
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dorit Hockman
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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30
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Javle M, King G, Spencer K, Borad MJ. Futibatinib, an Irreversible FGFR1-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of FGFR-Aberrant Tumors. Oncologist 2023; 28:928-943. [PMID: 37390492 PMCID: PMC10628593 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are emerging as an important therapeutic target for patients with advanced, refractory cancers. Most selective FGFR inhibitors under investigation show reversible binding, and their activity is limited by acquired drug resistance. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical development of futibatinib, an irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor. Futibatinib stands out among FGFR inhibitors because of its covalent binding mechanism and low susceptibility to acquired resistance. Preclinical data indicated robust activity of futibatinib against acquired resistance mutations in the FGFR kinase domain. In early-phase studies, futibatinib showed activity in cholangiocarcinoma, and gastric, urothelial, breast, central nervous system, and head and neck cancers harboring various FGFR aberrations. Exploratory analyses indicated clinical benefit with futibatinib after prior FGFR inhibitor use. In a pivotal phase II trial, futibatinib demonstrated durable objective responses (42% objective response rate) and tolerability in previously treated patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements. A manageable safety profile was observed across studies, and patient quality of life was maintained with futibatinib treatment in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Hyperphosphatemia, the most common adverse event with futibatinib, was well managed and did not lead to treatment discontinuation. These data show clinically meaningful benefit with futibatinib in FGFR2-rearrangement-positive cholangiocarcinoma and provide support for further investigation of futibatinib across other indications. Future directions for this agent include elucidating mechanisms of resistance and exploration of combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gentry King
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Spencer
- Perlmutter Cancer Center of NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY,USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ,USA
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31
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Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. Conditional fluorescent mouse translocation reporters for ERK1/2 and AKT signaling. Dev Biol 2023; 503:113-119. [PMID: 37660778 PMCID: PMC10529872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how cells activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to external signals, such as growth factors, is a longstanding goal of cell and developmental biology. Recently, live-cell signaling reporters have greatly expanded our understanding of signaling dynamics in response to wide-ranging stimuli and chemical or genetic perturbation, both ex vivo (cell lines) and in vivo (whole embryos or animals). Among the many varieties of reporter systems, translocation reporters that change sub-cellular localization in response to pathway activation have received considerable attention for their ease of use compared to FRET systems and favorable response times compared to transcriptional reporters. We reasoned that mouse reporter lines expressed in a conditional fashion would be a useful addition to the arsenal of mouse genetic tools, as such lines remain undeveloped despite widespread use of these sensors. We therefore created and validated two novel mouse reporter lines at the ROSA26 locus. One expresses an ERK1/2 pathway reporter and a nuclear marker from a single transcript, while the second additionally expresses an AKT reporter in order to simultaneously interrogate both pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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32
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Freund O, Elsana B, Agam N, Jean MM, Safran A, Poleg T, Roguin N, Gradstein L, Tsumi E, Birk OS. Partial penetrance and phenotypic variability of aplasia of lacrimal and salivary glands caused by a novel FGF10 donor splice-site mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2768-2774. [PMID: 37615310 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen affected individuals of six generations of a single kindred presented with epiphora evident from infancy. Physical exam and Schirmer test revealed variable expression of tear deficiency, congenital punctal atresia, and dry mouth with multiple caries, without concomitant abnormalities of the ears or digits, commensurate with a diagnosis of aplasia of the lacrimal and salivary glands (ALSG). Reconstruction of the upper lacrimal drainage system was performed in some of the affected individuals. Genetic analysis, testing six affected individuals and three non-affected family members, identified a single novel heterozygous splice-site variant, c.429 + 1, G > T in fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) (NM_004465.1), segregating throughout the family as expected for dominant heredity. RT-PCR assays of HEK-293 cells transfected with wild type or mutant FGF10 demonstrated that the variant causes skipping of Exon 2. Notably, individuals sharing the same variant exhibited phenotypic variability, with unilateral or bilateral epiphora, as well as variable expression of dry mouth and caries. Moreover, one of the variant carriers had no ALSG-related clinical findings, demonstrating incomplete penetrance. While coding mutations in FGF10 are known to cause malformations in the nasolacrimal system, this is the second FGF10 splice-site variant and the first donor-site variant reported to cause ALSG. Thus, our study of a unique large kindred with multiple affected individuals heterozygous for the same FGF10 variant highlights intronic splice-site mutations and phenotypic variability/partial penetrance in ALSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Freund
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Baker Elsana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Agam
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan M Jean
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Safran
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tomer Poleg
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Roguin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Libe Gradstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Erez Tsumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Affiliated to Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Al-Masri A. Apoptosis and long non-coding RNAs: Focus on their roles in Heart diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154889. [PMID: 38238070 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the principal death reasons around the world and there is a growing requirement to discover novel healing targets that have the potential to avert or manage these illnesses. On the other hand, apoptosis is a strongly controlled, cell removal procedure that has a crucial part in numerous cardiac problems, such as reperfusion injury, MI (myocardial infarction), consecutive heart failure, and inflammation of myocardium. Completely comprehending the managing procedures of cell death signaling is critical as it is the primary factor that influences patient mortality and morbidity, owing to cardiomyocyte damage. Indeed, the prevention of heart cell death appears to be a viable treatment approach for heart illnesses. According to current researches, a number of long non-coding RNAs cause the heart cells death via different methods that are embroiled in controlling the activity of transcription elements, the pathways that signals transmission within cells, small miRNAs, and the constancy of proteins. When there is too much cell death in the heart, it can cause problems like reduced blood flow, heart damage after restoring blood flow, heart disease in diabetics, and changes in the heart after reduced blood flow. Therefore, studying how lncRNAs control apoptosis could help us find new treatments for heart diseases. In this review, we present recent discoveries about how lncRNAs are involved in causing cell death in different cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Tomé D, Dias MS, Correia J, Almeida RD. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in axons: from development to disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:290. [PMID: 37845690 PMCID: PMC10577959 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family regulates various and important aspects of nervous system development, ranging from the well-established roles in neuronal patterning to more recent and exciting functions in axonal growth and synaptogenesis. In addition, FGFs play a critical role in axonal regeneration, particularly after spinal cord injury, confirming their versatile nature in the nervous system. Due to their widespread involvement in neural development, the FGF system also underlies several human neurological disorders. While particular attention has been given to FGFs in a whole-cell context, their effects at the axonal level are in most cases undervalued. Here we discuss the endeavor of the FGF system in axons, we delve into this neuronal subcompartment to provide an original view of this multipurpose family of growth factors in nervous system (dys)function. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tomé
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta S Dias
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Correia
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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35
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Aure MH, Symonds JM, Villapudua CU, Dodge JT, Werner S, Knosp WM, Hoffman MP. FGFR2 is essential for salivary gland duct homeostasis and MAPK-dependent seromucous acinar cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6485. [PMID: 37838739 PMCID: PMC10576811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine acinar cells in salivary glands (SG) are critical for oral health and loss of functional acinar cells is a major clinical challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are essential for early development of multiple organs, including SG. However, the role of FGFR signaling in specific populations later in development and during acinar differentiation are unknown. Here, we use scRNAseq and conditional deletion of murine FGFRs in vivo to identify essential roles for FGFRs in craniofacial, early SG development and progenitor function during duct homeostasis. Importantly, we also discover that FGFR2 via MAPK signaling is critical for seromucous acinar differentiation and secretory gene expression, while FGFR1 is dispensable. We show that FGF7, expressed by myoepithelial cells (MEC), activates the FGFR2-dependent seromucous transcriptional program. Here, we propose a model where MEC-derived FGF7 drives seromucous acinar differentiation, providing a rationale for targeting FGFR2 signaling in regenerative therapies to restore acinar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos U Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T Dodge
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy M Knosp
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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36
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Jan Vilim, Ghazalova T, Petulova E, Horackova A, Stepankova V, Chaloupkova R, Bednar D, Damborsky J, Prokop Z. Computer-assisted stabilization of fibroblast growth factor FGF-18. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5144-5152. [PMID: 37920818 PMCID: PMC10618113 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factors (FGF) family holds significant potential for addressing chronic diseases. Specifically, recombinant FGF18 shows promise in treating osteoarthritis by stimulating cartilage formation. However, recent phase 2 clinical trial results of sprifermin (recombinant FGF18) indicate insufficient efficacy. Leveraging our expertise in rational protein engineering, we conducted a study to enhance the stability of FGF18. As a result, we obtained a stabilized variant called FGF18-E4, which exhibited improved stability with 16 °C higher melting temperature, resistance to trypsin and a 2.5-fold increase in production yields. Moreover, the FGF18-E4 maintained mitogenic activity after 1-week incubation at 37 °C and 1-day at 50 °C. Additionally, the inserted mutations did not affect its binding to the fibroblast growth factor receptors, making FGF18-E4 a promising candidate for advancing FGF-based osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vilim
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd., INBIT, Kamenice 34, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eliska Petulova
- Enantis Ltd., INBIT, Kamenice 34, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Horackova
- Enantis Ltd., INBIT, Kamenice 34, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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37
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Yoshida Y, Oikawa M, Shimada T, Shinomiya A, Watanabe Y. Neonatal malnutrition impacts fibroblast growth factor 21-induced neuron neurite outgrowth and growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion in neonatal mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:121-131. [PMID: 37506473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal malnutrition is one of the most common causes of neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of action of the factors associated with neonatal nutrition in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we focused on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 to elucidate the effects of malnutrition on the neonatal brain. FGF21 is an endocrine factor produced by the liver during lactation which is the main source of nutrition during the neonatal period. In this study, malnourishment during nursing mice induced decreased levels of Fgf21 mRNA in the liver and decreased levels of FGF21 in the serum. RNA-seq analysis of neonatal mouse brain tissue revealed that FGF21 controlled the expression of Kalrn-201 in the neonatal mouse brain. Kalrn-201 is a transcript of Kalirin, a Ras homologous guanine nucleotide exchange factor at the synapse. In mouse neurons, FGF21 induced the expression of Kalirin-7 (a Kalirin isoform) by down-regulating Kalrn-201. FGF21-induced Kalirin-7 stimulated neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells. FGF21 also induced Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) expression in Neuro-2a cells. Kalirin-7 and GHRH expression induced by FGF21 was altered by inhibiting the activity of SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) which is located downstream of the FGF receptor (FGFR). Additionally, malnourished nursing induced intron retention of the SHP2 gene (Ptpn11), resulting in the alteration of Kalirin-7 and GHRH expression by FGF21 signaling. Ptpn11 intron retention is suggested to be involved in regulating SHP2 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that FGF21 plays a critical role in the induction of neuronal neurite outgrowth and GHRH secretion in the neonatal brain, and this mechanism is regulated by SHP2. Thus, Ptpn11 intron retention induced by malnourished nursing may be involved in SHP2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Mana Oikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Taiga Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Ai Shinomiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
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38
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Tsuchiya Y, Komazawa-Sakon S, Tanaka M, Kanokogi T, Moriwaki K, Akiba H, Yagita H, Okumura K, Entzminger KC, Okumura CJ, Maruyama T, Nakano H. A high-sensitivity ELISA for detection of human FGF18 in culture supernatants from tumor cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:71-77. [PMID: 37453260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) is elevated in several human cancers, such as gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers, and stimulates the proliferation of tumor cells. This suggests that FGF18 may be a promising candidate biomarker in cancer patients. However, the lack of a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) does not permit testing of this possibility. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies against human FGF18 and developed a high-sensitivity ELISA to measure human FGF18 at concentrations as low as 10 pg/mL. Of the eight tumor cell lines investigated, we detected human FGF18 in culture supernatants from four tumor cell lines, including HeLa, OVCAR-3, BxPC-3, and SW620 cells, albeit the production levels were relatively low in the latter two cell lines. Moreover, the in-house ELISA could detect murine FGF18 in sera from mice overexpressing murine Fgf18 in hepatocytes, although the sensitivity in detecting murine FGF18 was relatively low. This FGF18 ELISA could be a valuable tool to validate FGF18 as a potential biomarker for cancer patients and to test the contribution of FGF18 for various disease models invivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sachiko Komazawa-Sakon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takumi Kanokogi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Omori Medical Center, Toho University School Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kevin C Entzminger
- Abwiz Bio, Inc., 9823 Pacific Heights BLVD, Suite J, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - C J Okumura
- Abwiz Bio, Inc., 9823 Pacific Heights BLVD, Suite J, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Toshiaki Maruyama
- Abwiz Bio, Inc., 9823 Pacific Heights BLVD, Suite J, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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39
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Sircar A, Singh S, Xu-Monette ZY, Coyle KM, Hilton LK, Chavdoula E, Ranganathan P, Jain N, Hanel W, Tsichlis P, Alinari L, Peterson BR, Tao J, Muthusamy N, Baiocchi R, Epperla N, Young KH, Morin R, Sehgal L. Exploiting the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 vulnerability to therapeutically restrict the MYC-EZH2-CDKN1C axis-driven proliferation in Mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2023; 37:2094-2106. [PMID: 37598282 PMCID: PMC10539170 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lethal hematological malignancy with a median survival of 4 years. Its lethality is mainly attributed to a limited understanding of clinical tumor progression and resistance to current therapeutic regimes. Intrinsic, prolonged drug treatment and tumor-microenvironment (TME) facilitated factors impart pro-tumorigenic and drug-insensitivity properties to MCL cells. Hence, elucidating neoteric pharmacotherapeutic molecular targets involved in MCL progression utilizing a global "unified" analysis for improved disease prevention is an earnest need. Using integrated transcriptomic analyses in MCL patients, we identified a Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1), and analyses of MCL patient samples showed that high FGFR1 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in MCL patient cohorts. Functional studies using pharmacological intervention and loss of function identify a novel MYC-EZH2-CDKN1C axis-driven proliferation in MCL. Further, pharmacological targeting with erdafitinib, a selective small molecule targeting FGFRs, induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death in-vitro, inhibited tumor progression, and improved overall survival in-vivo. We performed extensive pre-clinical assessments in multiple in-vivo model systems to confirm the therapeutic potential of erdafitinib in MCL and demonstrated FGFR1 as a viable therapeutic target in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvrat Sircar
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Satishkumar Singh
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Krysta Mila Coyle
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Laura K Hilton
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evangelia Chavdoula
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Philip Tsichlis
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Blake R Peterson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Division of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Narendranath Epperla
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Ratti M, Orlandi E, Hahne JC, Vecchia S, Citterio C, Anselmi E, Toscani I, Ghidini M. Targeting FGFR Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancers: New Frontiers of Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2650. [PMID: 37893023 PMCID: PMC10603875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the deregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays a critical role. The aberrant activity of this pathway is described in approximately 10% of gastric cancers and its frequency increases in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), with an estimated frequency of 10-16%. Several selective FGFR inhibitors have been developed in the last few years with promising results. For example, targeting the FGFR pathway is now a fundamental part of clinical practice when treating iCCA and many clinical trials are ongoing to test the safety and efficacy of anti-FGFR agents in gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer, with variable results. However, the response rates of anti-FGFR drugs are modest and resistances emerge rapidly, limiting their efficacy and causing disease progression. In this review, we aim to explore the landscape of anti-FGFR inhibitors in relation to GI cancer, with particular focus on selective FGFR inhibitors and drug combinations that may lead to overcoming resistance mechanisms and drug-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ratti
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elena Orlandi
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stefano Vecchia
- Pharmacy Unit, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Citterio
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisa Anselmi
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Toscani
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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41
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Yin H, Staples SCR, Pickering JG. The fundamentals of fibroblast growth factor 9. Differentiation 2023:S0301-4681(23)00070-1. [PMID: 37783652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) was first identified during a screen for factors acting on cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Research over the subsequent two decades has revealed this protein to be a critically important and elegantly regulated growth factor. A hallmark control feature is reciprocal compartmentalization, particularly during development, with epithelium as a dominant source and mesenchyme a prime target. This mesenchyme selectivity is accomplished by the high affinity of FGF9 to the IIIc isoforms of FGFR1, 2, and 3. FGF9 is expressed widely in the embryo, including the developing heart and lungs, and more selectively in the adult, including the CNS and kidneys. Global Fgf9-null mice die shortly after birth due to respiratory failure from hypoplastic lungs. As well, their hearts are dilated and poorly vascularized, the skeleton is small, the intestine is shortened, and male-to-female sex reversal can be found. Conditional Fgf9-null mice have revealed CNS phenotypes, including ataxia and epilepsy. In humans, FGF9 variants have been found to underlie multiple synostoses syndrome 3, a syndrome characterized by multiple joint fusions. Aberrant FGF9 signaling has also been implicated in differences of sex development and cancer, whereas vascular stabilizing effects of FGF9 could benefit chronic diseases. This primer reviews the attributes of this vital growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sabrina C R Staples
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - J Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada.
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42
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Farrugia BL, Melrose J. The Glycosaminoglycan Side Chains and Modular Core Proteins of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans and the Varied Ways They Provide Tissue Protection by Regulating Physiological Processes and Cellular Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14101. [PMID: 37762403 PMCID: PMC10531531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the roles of HS-proteoglycans (HS-PGs) in general, and, in particular, perlecan and syndecan as representative examples and their interactive ligands, which regulate physiological processes and cellular behavior in health and disease. HS-PGs are essential for the functional properties of tissues both in development and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that occurs in response to trauma or disease. HS-PGs interact with a biodiverse range of chemokines, chemokine receptors, protease inhibitors, and growth factors in immune regulation, inflammation, ECM stabilization, and tissue protection. Some cell regulatory proteoglycan receptors are dually modified hybrid HS/CS proteoglycans (betaglycan, CD47). Neurexins provide synaptic stabilization, plasticity, and specificity of interaction, promoting neurotransduction, neurogenesis, and differentiation. Ternary complexes of glypican-1 and Robbo-Slit neuroregulatory proteins direct axonogenesis and neural network formation. Specific neurexin-neuroligin complexes stabilize synaptic interactions and neural activity. Disruption in these interactions leads to neurological deficits in disorders of functional cognitive decline. Interactions with HS-PGs also promote or inhibit tumor development. Thus, HS-PGs have complex and diverse regulatory roles in the physiological processes that regulate cellular behavior and the functional properties of normal and pathological tissues. Specialized HS-PGs, such as the neurexins, pikachurin, and Eyes-shut, provide synaptic stabilization and specificity of neural transduction and also stabilize the axenome primary cilium of phototoreceptors and ribbon synapse interactions with bipolar neurons of retinal neural networks, which are essential in ocular vision. Pikachurin and Eyes-Shut interactions with an α-dystroglycan stabilize the photoreceptor synapse. Novel regulatory roles for HS-PGs controlling cell behavior and tissue function are expected to continue to be uncovered in this fascinating class of proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School (Northern), University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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43
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Chodkowski M, Zielezinski A, Anbalagan S. A ligand-receptor interactome atlas of the zebrafish. iScience 2023; 26:107309. [PMID: 37539027 PMCID: PMC10393773 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in zebrafish can unravel the functions of cellular communication and thus identify novel bench-to-bedside drugs targeting cellular communication signaling molecules. Due to the incomplete annotation of zebrafish proteome, the knowledge of zebrafish receptors, ligands, and tools to explore their interactome is limited. To address this gap, we de novo predicted the cellular localization of zebrafish reference proteome using deep learning algorithm. We combined the predicted and existing annotations on cellular localization of zebrafish proteins and created repositories of zebrafish ligands, membrane receptome, and interactome as well as associated diseases and targeting drugs. Unlike other tools, our interactome atlas is based on both the physical interaction data of zebrafish proteome and existing human ligand-receptor pair databases. The resources are available as R and Python scripts. DanioTalk provides a novel resource for researchers interested in targeting cellular communication in zebrafish, as we demonstrate in applications studying synapse and axo-glial interactome. DanioTalk methodology can be applied to build and explore the ligand-receptor atlas of other non-mammalian model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Chodkowski
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zielezinski
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Savani Anbalagan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Wang F, Xu Y, Wang R, Zhang B, Smith N, Notaro A, Gaerlan S, Kutschera E, Kadash-Edmondson KE, Xing Y, Lin L. TEQUILA-seq: a versatile and low-cost method for targeted long-read RNA sequencing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4760. [PMID: 37553321 PMCID: PMC10409798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technology for transcriptome analysis, but the relatively low throughput of current long-read sequencing platforms limits transcript coverage. One strategy for overcoming this bottleneck is targeted long-read RNA-seq for preselected gene panels. We present TEQUILA-seq, a versatile, easy-to-implement, and low-cost method for targeted long-read RNA-seq utilizing isothermally linear-amplified capture probes. When performed on the Oxford nanopore platform with multiple gene panels of varying sizes, TEQUILA-seq consistently and substantially enriches transcript coverage while preserving transcript quantification. We profile full-length transcript isoforms of 468 actionable cancer genes across 40 representative breast cancer cell lines. We identify transcript isoforms enriched in specific subtypes and discover novel transcript isoforms in extensively studied cancer genes such as TP53. Among cancer genes, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are significantly enriched for aberrant transcript isoforms targeted for degradation via mRNA nonsense-mediated decay, revealing a common RNA-associated mechanism for TSG inactivation. TEQUILA-seq reduces the per-reaction cost of targeted capture by 2-3 orders of magnitude, as compared to a standard commercial solution. TEQUILA-seq can be broadly used for targeted sequencing of full-length transcripts in diverse biomedical research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wang
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Zhang
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noah Smith
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amber Notaro
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Gaerlan
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Kutschera
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Kadash-Edmondson
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Mosleh B, Schelch K, Mohr T, Klikovits T, Wagner C, Ratzinger L, Dong Y, Sinn K, Ries A, Berger W, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hoetzenecker K, Laszlo V, Dome B, Hegedus B, Jakopovic M, Hoda MA, Grusch M. Circulating FGF18 is decreased in pleural mesothelioma but not correlated with disease prognosis. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2177-2186. [PMID: 37340889 PMCID: PMC10396789 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a relatively rare malignancy with limited treatment options and dismal prognosis. We have previously found elevated FGF18 expression in PM tissue specimens compared with normal mesothelium. The objective of the current study was to further explore the role of FGF18 in PM and evaluate its suitability as a circulating biomarker. METHODS FGF18 mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR in cell lines and in silico in datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cell lines overexpressing FGF18 were generated by retroviral transduction and cell behavior was investigated by clonogenic growth and transwell assays. Plasma was collected from 40 PM patients, six patients with pleural fibrosis, and 40 healthy controls. Circulating FGF18 was measured by ELISA and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS FGF18 showed high mRNA expression in PM and PM-derived cell lines. PM patients with high FGF18 mRNA expression showed a trend toward longer overall survival (OS) in the TCGA dataset. In PM cells with low endogenous FGF18 expression, forced overexpression of FGF18 resulted in reduced growth but increased migration. Surprisingly, despite the high FGF18 mRNA levels observed in PM, circulating FGF18 protein was significantly lower in PM patients and patients with pleural fibrosis than in healthy controls. No significant association of circulating FGF18 with OS or other disease parameters of PM patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS FGF18 is not a prognostic biomarker in PM. Its role in PM tumor biology and the clinical significance of decreased plasma FGF18 in PM patients warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Mosleh
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christina Wagner
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Ratzinger
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yawen Dong
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Ries
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- National Koranyi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNational Institute of Oncology‐Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marko Jakopovic
- Department for Respiratory Diseases JordanovacUniversity of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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46
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Veth TS, Francavilla C, Heck AJR, Altelaar M. Elucidating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Kinome Dynamics Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Dynamic Modeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100594. [PMID: 37328066 PMCID: PMC10368922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The detailed molecular pathway dynamics that coordinate these responses have remained to be determined. To elucidate these, we stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with either FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, or FGF19. Following activation of the receptor, we quantified the kinase activity dynamics of 44 kinases using a targeted mass spectrometry assay. Our system-wide kinase activity data, supplemented with (phospho)proteomics data, reveal ligand-dependent distinct pathway dynamics, elucidate the involvement of not earlier reported kinases such as MARK, and revise some of the pathway effects on biological outcomes. In addition, logic-based dynamic modeling of the kinome dynamics further verifies the biological goodness-of-fit of the predicted models and reveals BRAF-driven activation upon FGF2 treatment and ARAF-driven activation upon FGF4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, and Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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47
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1220426. [PMID: 37576954 PMCID: PMC10414186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1220426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder that often clinically manifests as obesity, insulin resistance/diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. With the development of social and economic systems, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, bringing a heavy medical burden. However, there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the human FGF superfamily and is a key protein involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, including reducing fat mass and lowering hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Here, we review the current regulatory mechanisms of FGF21, summarize its role in obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and discuss the possibility of FGF21 as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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48
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Sun C, Bai M, Jia Y, Tian X, Guo Y, Xu X, Guo Z. mRNA sequencing reveals the distinct gene expression and biological functions in cardiac fibroblasts regulated by recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15736. [PMID: 37483983 PMCID: PMC10362857 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiate into myofibroblasts, which express and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components for myocardial repair, but also promote myocardial fibrosis. Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein drug with low molecular weight can promote cell survival and angiogenesis, and it was found that FGF2 could inhibit the activation of CFs, suggesting FGF2 has great potential in myocardial repair. However, the regulatory role of FGF2 on CFs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that recombinant FGF2 significantly suppressed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CFs. Through RNA sequencing, we analyzed mRNA expression in CFs and the differently expressed genes regulated by FGF2, including 430 up-regulated genes and 391 down-regulated genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were strongly enriched in multiple biological functions, including ECM organization, cell adhesion, actin filament organization and axon guidance. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) show that ECM organization and actin filament organization are down-regulated, while axon guidance is up-regulated. Further cellular experiments indicate that the regulatory functions of FGF2 are consistent with the findings of the gene enrichment analysis. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of FGF2 in treating cardiac fibrosis and establishes a foundation for further research to uncover the underlying mechanisms of CFs gene expression regulated by FGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengru Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinhui Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Thomas SM, Li Q, Faul C. Fibroblast growth factor 23, klotho and heparin. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:313-323. [PMID: 37195242 PMCID: PMC10241433 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by targeting the kidney. When highly elevated, such as in chronic kidney disease (CKD), FGF23 can also target the heart and induce pathologic remodeling. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underlie the physiologic and pathologic actions of FGF23, with focus on its FGF receptors (FGFR) and co-receptors. RECENT FINDINGS Klotho is a transmembrane protein that acts as an FGFR co-receptor for FGF23 on physiologic target cells. Klotho also exists as a circulating variant, and recent studies suggested that soluble klotho (sKL) can mediate FGF23 effects in cells that do not express klotho. Furthermore, it has been assumed that the actions of FGF23 do not require heparan sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan that acts as a co-receptor for other FGF isoforms. However, recent studies revealed that HS can be part of the FGF23:FGFR signaling complex and modulate FGF23-induced effects. SUMMARY sKL and HS have appeared as circulating FGFR co-receptors that modulate the actions of FGF23. Experimental studies suggest that sKL protects from and HS accelerates CKD-associated heart injury. However, the in vivo relevance of these findings is still speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madison Thomas
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Zhang W, Luo P, Liu X, Cheng R, Zhang S, Qian X, Liu F. Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Axon Guidance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10292. [PMID: 37373438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been widely studied by virtue of their ability to regulate many essential cellular activities, including proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation and metabolism. Recently, these molecules have emerged as the key components in forming the intricate connections within the nervous system. FGF and FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways play important roles in axon guidance as axons navigate toward their synaptic targets. This review offers a current account of axonal navigation functions performed by FGFs, which operate as chemoattractants and/or chemorepellents in different circumstances. Meanwhile, detailed mechanisms behind the axon guidance process are elaborated, which are related to intracellular signaling integration and cytoskeleton dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Peiyi Luo
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruoxi Cheng
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xiao Qian
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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