1
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Liu M, Lu F, Feng J. Aging and homeostasis of the hypodermis in the age-related deterioration of skin function. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:443. [PMID: 38914551 PMCID: PMC11196735 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues in the hypodermis, the crucial stem cell reservoir in the skin and the endocrine organ for the maintenance of skin homeostasis undergo significant changes during skin aging. Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has recently been recognized as an important organ for both non-metabolic and metabolic health in skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Defective differentiation, adipogenesis, improper adipocytokine production, and immunological dissonance dysfunction in dWAT lead to age-associated clinical changes. Here, we review age-related alterations in dWAT across levels, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of aging. We also discuss the pathogenic changes involved in age-related fat dysfunction and the unfavorable consequences of accelerated skin aging, such as chronic inflammaging, immunosenescence, delayed wound healing, and fibrosis. Research has shown that adipose aging is an early initiation event and a potential target for extending longevity. We believe that adipose tissues play an essential role in aging and form a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related skin diseases. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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3
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Bai Y, Li J, Wei Y, Chen Z, Liu Z, Guo D, Jia X, Niu Y, Shi B, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Hu J, Han X, Wang J, Liu X, Li S. Proteome Analysis Related to Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis by Interfering with Bovine Adipocyte ACSL1 Gene. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:641. [PMID: 38929080 PMCID: PMC11200461 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in beef play a vital role in promoting human health. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase 1 (ACSL1) is a crucial gene for UFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes. To investigate the protein expression profile during UFA synthesis, we performed a proteomic analysis of bovine adipocytes by RNA interference and non-interference with ACSL1 using label-free techniques. A total of 3558 proteins were identified in both the NC and si-treated groups, of which 1428 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and p-value < 0.05). The enrichment analysis of the DEPs revealed signaling pathways related to UFA synthesis or metabolism, including cAMP, oxytocin, fatty acid degradation, glycerol metabolism, insulin, and the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes (p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, based on the enrichment analysis of the DEPs, we screened 50 DEPs that potentially influence the synthesis of UFAs and constructed an interaction network. Moreover, by integrating our previously published transcriptome data, this study established a regulatory network involving differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs), highlighting 21 DEPs and 13 DELs as key genes involved in UFA synthesis. These findings present potential candidate genes for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying UFA synthesis in bovines, thereby offering insights to enhance the quality of beef and contribute to consumer health in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.); (Z.L.); (D.G.); (X.J.); (Y.N.); (B.S.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.); (Z.L.); (D.G.); (X.J.); (Y.N.); (B.S.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.)
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4
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Liu Y, He T, Li Z, Sun Z, Wang S, Shen H, Hou L, Li S, Wei Y, Zhuo B, Li S, Zhou C, Guo H, Zhang R, Li B. TET2 is recruited by CREB to promote Cebpb, Cebpa, and Pparg transcription by facilitating hydroxymethylation during adipocyte differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108312. [PMID: 38026190 PMCID: PMC10663734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs) are dioxygenases that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an important epigenetic mark that regulates gene expression during development and differentiation. Here, we found that the TET2 expression was positively associated with adipogenesis. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that TET2 deficiency blocked adipogenesis by inhibiting the expression of the key transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In addition, TET2 promoted 5hmC on the CpG islands (CGIs) of Cebpb, Cebpa and Pparg at the initial time point of their transcription, which requires the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). At last, specific knockout of Tet2 in preadipocytes enabled mice to resist obesity and attenuated the obesity-associated insulin resistance. Together, TET2 is recruited by CREB to promote the expression of Cebpb, Cebpa and Pparg via 5hmC during adipogenesis and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Zhuofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huanming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Lingfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Yixin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Bingzhao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shanni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Can Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Boan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
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5
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Hansen GT, Sobreira DR, Weber ZT, Thornburg AG, Aneas I, Zhang L, Sakabe NJ, Joslin AC, Haddad GA, Strobel SM, Laber S, Sultana F, Sahebdel F, Khan K, Li YI, Claussnitzer M, Ye L, Battaglino RA, Nóbrega MA. Genetics of sexually dimorphic adipose distribution in humans. Nat Genet 2023; 55:461-470. [PMID: 36797366 PMCID: PMC10375400 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated morbidity is exacerbated by abdominal obesity, which can be measured as the waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for the body mass index (WHRadjBMI). Here we identify genes associated with obesity and WHRadjBMI and characterize allele-sensitive enhancers that are predicted to regulate WHRadjBMI genes in women. We found that several waist-to-hip ratio-associated variants map within primate-specific Alu retrotransposons harboring a DNA motif associated with adipocyte differentiation. This suggests that a genetic component of adipose distribution in humans may involve co-option of retrotransposons as adipose enhancers. We evaluated the role of the strongest female WHRadjBMI-associated gene, SNX10, in adipose biology. We determined that it is required for human adipocyte differentiation and function and participates in diet-induced adipose expansion in female mice, but not males. Our data identify genes and regulatory mechanisms that underlie female-specific adipose distribution and mediate metabolic dysfunction in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace T Hansen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Débora R Sobreira
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachary T Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ivy Aneas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Noboru J Sakabe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amelia C Joslin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriela A Haddad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie M Strobel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Laber
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farhath Sultana
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Faezeh Sahebdel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kohinoor Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yang I Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachussetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Ricardo A Battaglino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Marcelo A Nóbrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Du K, Chen GH, Bai X, Chen L, Hu SQ, Li YH, Wang GZ, He JW, Lai SJ. Dynamics of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility revealed sequential regulation of potential transcription factors during the brown adipose tissue whitening in rabbits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:981661. [PMID: 36225319 PMCID: PMC9548568 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.981661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) represents a valuable target for treating obesity in humans. BAT losses of thermogenic capacity and gains a “white adipose tissue-like (WAT-like)” phenotype (BAT whitening) under thermoneutral environments, which could lead to potential low therapy responsiveness in BAT-based obesity treatments. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of BAT whitening remain largely unknown. In this study, BATs were collected from rabbits at day0 (D0), D15, D85, and 2 years (Y2). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were performed to investigate transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of BATs at the four whitening stages, respectively. Our data showed that many genes and chromatin accessible regions (refer to as “peaks”) were identified as significantly changed during BAT whitening in rabbits. The BAT-selective genes downregulated while WAT-selective genes upregulated from D0 to Y2, and the de novo lipogenesis-related genes reached the highest expression levels at D85. Both the highly expressed genes and accessible regions in Y2 were significantly enriched in immune response-related signal pathways. Analysis of different relationships between peaks and their nearby genes found an increased proportion of the synchronous changes between chromatin accessibility and gene expression during BAT whitening. The synergistic changes between the chromatin accessibility of promoter and the gene expression were found in the key adipose genes. The upregulated genes which contained increased peaks were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, TGF-beta signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Moreover, the footprinting analysis suggested that sequential regulation of potential transcription factors (TFs) mediated the loss of thermogenic phenotype and the gain of a WAT-like phenotype of BAT. In conclusion, our study provided the transcriptional and epigenetic frameworks for understanding BAT whitening in rabbits for the first time and might facilitate potential insights into BAT-based obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-He Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shen-Qiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Ze Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing-Wei He
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Song-Jia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Song-Jia Lai,
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7
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Activation of ADRB2/PKA Signaling Pathway Facilitates Lipid Synthesis in Meibocytes, and Beta-Blocker Glaucoma Drug Impedes PKA-Induced Lipid Synthesis by Inhibiting ADRB2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169478. [PMID: 36012741 PMCID: PMC9409328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction is one of the main causes of dry eye disease and has limited therapeutic options. In this study, we investigated the biological function of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in lipid synthesis and its underlying mechanisms in human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). HMGECs were cultured in differentiation media with or without forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase), salbutamol (an ADRB2 agonist), or timolol (an ADRB2 antagonist) for up to 4 days. The phosphorylation of the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and the expression of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR)γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 were measured by immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Lipid synthesis was examined by LipidTOX immunostaining, AdipoRed assay, and Oil Red O staining. PKA pathway activation enhanced PPARγ expression and lipid synthesis in differentiated HMGECs. When treated with agonists of ADBR2 (upstream of the PKA signaling system), PPARγ expression and lipid synthesis were enhanced in HMGECs. The ADRB2 antagonist timolol showed the opposite effect. The activation of the ADRB2/PKA signaling pathway enhances lipid synthesis in HMGECs. These results provide a potential mechanism and therapeutic target for meibomian gland dysfunction, particularly in cases induced by beta-blocker glaucoma drugs.
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8
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Sun Y, Lin X, Zhang Q, Pang Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Liu D, Yang X. Genome-wide characterization of lncRNAs and mRNAs in muscles with differential intramuscular fat contents. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:982258. [PMID: 36003408 PMCID: PMC9393339 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.982258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is one of the most important traits in pig production. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in diverse biological processes such as muscle development through regulating gene expression. However, studies on lncRNAs lag behind and a comparatively small number of lncRNAs have been identified in pigs. Also, the effects of lncRNAs on meat quality remain to be characterized. Here, we analyzed lncRNAs in longissimus thoracis (LT) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles, being different in meat quality, with RNA-sequencing technology. A total of 500 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 2,094 protein-coding genes (DEGs) were identified. Through KEGG analysis on DELs, we first made clear that fat deposition might be the main reason resulting in the differential phenotype of LT and ST, for which cGMP–PKG and VEGF signaling pathways were the most important ones. In total, forty-one key DELs and 50 DEGs involved in the differential fat deposition were then characterized. One of the key genes, cAMP-response element binding protein 1, was selected to confirm its role in porcine adipogenesis with molecular biology methods and found that it promotes the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes, consistent with its higher expression level and intramuscular fat contents in LT than that in ST muscle. Furthermore, through integrated analysis of DELs and DEGs, transcription factors important for differential fat deposition were characterized among which BCL6 has the most target DEGs while MEF2A was targeted by the most DELs. The results provide candidate genes crucial for meat quality, which will contribute to improving meat quality with molecular-breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Di Liu
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Xiuqin Yang
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9
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Standardized pectolinarin rich-Cirsium setidens Nakai extract attenuates bisphenol A-induced the 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation and obese C57BL/6J mice via the suppression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Tai Z, Guan P, Zhang T, Liu W, Li L, Wu Y, Li G, Liu JX. Effects of parental environmental copper stress on offspring development: DNA methylation modification and responses of differentially methylated region-related genes in transcriptional expression. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127600. [PMID: 34801305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parental environmental copper (Cu) exposure is widespread, causing problems for sustainability of fish populations, and epigenetics is suggested to be fundamental during the process, but the mechanism is scarcely reported. Here, we describe the effects of parental environmental Cu exposure on zebrafish developmental abnormality in subsequent generation. This study demonstrated for the first time that: 1. offspring from Cu-stressed paternal adult zebrafish showed developmental defects in the nervous and digestive system and changes in transcriptome; 2. Cu-induced alterations in sperm methylome and transcriptome could induce loci-specific alterations in DNA methylome and corresponding changes in the related gene transcription in offspring; 3. differentially methylated regions in pmpcb, crebl2 and tab2 promoters acted pivotally in their transcription; 4. pmpcb, crebl2 and tab2 are key individual contributors to parental Cu exposure-induced developmental defects in the nervous system, retina and digestive system of the offspring. Those data revealed that Cu-induced alterations in sperm methylome and transcriptome can be passed down to their fertilized offspring, reprogramming the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of embryogenesis and causing embryonic developmental defects, suggesting that environmental Cu might pose a huge threat to the sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tai
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengpeng Guan
- College of Informatics, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenye Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingya Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - You Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Informatics, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Adipocyte Biology from the Perspective of In Vivo Research: Review of Key Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010322. [PMID: 35008748 PMCID: PMC8745732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both significant contributors to the contemporary pandemic of non-communicable diseases. Both disorders are interconnected and associated with the disruption of normal homeostasis in adipose tissue. Consequently, exploring adipose tissue differentiation and homeostasis is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the consecutive steps in the postnatal development of adipocytes, with a special emphasis on in vivo studies. We gave particular attention to well-known transcription factors that had been thoroughly described in vitro, and showed that the in vivo research of adipogenic differentiation can lead to surprising findings.
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Yu B, Battaglia DM, Foster TP, Nichols CD. Serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor activity mediates adipocyte differentiation through control of adipogenic gene expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19714. [PMID: 34611182 PMCID: PMC8492876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are expressed in many tissues and play important roles in biological processes. Although the 5-HT2A receptor is primarily known for its role in central nervous system, it is also expressed in peripheral tissues. We have found that 5-HT2A receptor antagonists inhibit human subcutaneous primary adipocyte differentiation. We also show that siRNA knockdown of the 5-HT2A receptor blocks differentiation. Using gene expression analysis in combination with receptor antagonists we found that activity of 5-HT2A receptors is necessary very early in the differentiation process to mediate expression of adipogenic genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppar-γ), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), adiponectin, and serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (sgk1). We show here for the first time that 5-HT2A receptor activity is necessary for differentiation of human primary subcutaneous preadipocytes to adipocytes, and that 5-HT2A receptor activity mediates key genes related to adipogenesis during this process. Importantly, this work contributes to a greater understanding of the adipocyte differentiation process, as well as to the role of 5-HT2A receptors in peripheral tissues, and may be relevant to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this receptor for the treatment of obesity related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangning Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Diana M Battaglia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Timothy P Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Charles D Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Raineri A, Campagnari R, Dal Toso R, Copetti S, Gomez-Lira M, Menegazzi M. 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid Lowers 3T3-L1 Mitotic Clonal Expansion and Adipocyte Differentiation by Enhancing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Molecules 2021; 26:5027. [PMID: 34443613 PMCID: PMC8402220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process in which cell commitment and mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) are in-sequence crucial events leading to terminal adipocyte differentiation. The molecules able to block some key signals in this cascade can hamper adipogenesis becoming promising agents to counteract hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipose tissue. Mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acid isomers are biologically active polyphenols, displaying in vitro and in vivo antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. Among these isomers, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA) has been reported to inhibit lipid accumulation in adipose cells more successfully than others. Thus, we investigated DCQA effects and molecular mechanisms on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes induced to differentiate with a hormonal cocktail (MDI). Oil Red O incorporation assessed that DCQA pre-treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells induced to differentiate for 10 days. At this time, an increased phosphorylation of both AMP-activated kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, as well as a strong decrease in fatty acid synthase protein level, were registered by immunoblotting, thereby suggesting that DCQA treatment can reduce fatty acid anabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, BrdU incorporation assay, performed 48 h after hormonal stimulation, revealed that DCQA treatment was also able to hinder the 3T3-L1 cell proliferation during the MCE, which is an essential step in the adipogenic process. Thus, we focused our attention on early signals triggered by the differentiation stimuli. In the first hours after hormonal cocktail administration, the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases, or CREB and STAT3 transcription factors, was not affected by DCQA pre-treatment. Whereas 24 h after MDI induction, DCQA pre-treated cells showed increased level of the transcription factor Nrf2, that induced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). In control samples, the expression level of HO-1 was reduced 24 h after MDI induction in comparison with the higher amount of HO-1 protein found at 2 h. The HO-1 decrease was functional by allowing reactive oxygen species to boost and allowing cell proliferation induction at the beginning of MCE phase. Instead, in DCQA-treated cells the HO-1 expression was maintained at high levels for a further 24 h; in fact, its expression decreased only 48 h after MDI stimulation. The longer period in which HO-1 expression remained high led to a delay of the MCE phase, with a subsequent inhibition of both C/EBP-α expression and adipocyte terminal differentiation. In conclusion, DCQA counteracting an excessive adipose tissue expansion may become an attractive option in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Raineri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.R.); (R.C.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Rachele Campagnari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.R.); (R.C.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Roberto Dal Toso
- Croda Italiana S.p.A., Via Pietro Grocco, 27036 Mortara, Italy; (R.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Copetti
- Croda Italiana S.p.A., Via Pietro Grocco, 27036 Mortara, Italy; (R.D.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Macarena Gomez-Lira
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.R.); (R.C.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.R.); (R.C.); (M.G.-L.)
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Pan C, Lei Z, Wang S, Wang X, Wei D, Cai X, Luoreng Z, Wang L, Ma Y. Genome-wide identification of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes affecting adipocyte differentiation in cattle. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:532. [PMID: 34253191 PMCID: PMC8276410 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Hybrid Bos indicus, Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis. Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets. CONCLUSION In this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Pan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Lei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
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Jo MJ, Kim SJ, Go HJ, Park NG, Kim GD. Anti‐adipogenic Effects of αAL14 Mediated by Modulation of PI3K/Akt Pathways in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Yu C, Wen Q, Ren Q, Du Y, Xie X. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener 180 (PCB 180) regulates mitotic clonal expansion and enhances adipogenesis through modulation of C/EBPβ SUMOylation in preadipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112205. [PMID: 33864839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PCB 180 is a typical non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (NDL-PCB). It is one of the most prevalent PCB-congeners found in human adipose tissue. However, the role of PCB 180 in obesity remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the adipogenic effect and mechanism of PCB 180. Significant enhancement in adipogenesis was observed when differentiating murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or human preadipocytes-visceral (HPA-v) that were exposed to PCB 180. Furthermore, exposure to PCB 180 during the first two days was critical to the adipogenic effect. According to results from sequential cell cycle analyses, cell counting, BrdU incorporation, and cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and p27 protein quantification, PCB 180 was found to enhance mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) during early adipogenic differentiation. Molecular mechanistic investigation revealed that PCB 180 promoted accumulation of the C/EBPβ protein, a key regulator that controls MCE. Finally, it was found that PCB 180 mitigated degradation of the C/EBPβ protein by repressing the SUMOylation and subsequent ubiquitination of C/EBPβ by the upregulation of SENP2. In summary, it was shown for the first time that PCB 180 facilitated adipogenesis by alleviating C/EBPβ protein SUMOylation. This result provides novel evidence regarding obesogenic effect of PCB 180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Chemical Sciences and College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Chemical Sciences and College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qidong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Chemical Sciences and College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Chemical Sciences and College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xinni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Tao L, Guo X, Xu M, Wang Y, Xie W, Chen H, Ma M, Li X. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting SCD1 in obesity mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00700. [PMID: 33474802 PMCID: PMC7753983 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is one of the main hepatic complications associated with obesity. To date, there are no therapeutic drugs approved for this pathology. Insulin resistance (IR) is implicated both in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in disease progression from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we have characterized effects of an α2 -adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine (DEX), which can alleviate IR in hepatocytes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. The NAFLD mice received a daily intraperitoneal administration of DEX (100 μg·kg-1 ) after 16 days exhibited lower body weight, fewer and smaller fat droplets in the liver, markedly reduced the plasma triglyceride levels, accompanied by improvement of liver damage. This inhibition of lipid accumulation activity in obese mice was associated with a robust reduction in the mRNA and protein expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), which was probably mediated by the inhibition of C/EBP β, PPAR γ and C/EBP α through suppressing α2A -adrenoceptor (α2A -AR) via negative feedback. Additionally, DEX can also improve IR and inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) signaling pathway in vivo. Our findings implicate that DEX may act as a potential anti-steatotic drug which ameliorates obesity-associated fatty liver and improves IR and inflammation, probably by suppressing the expression of SCD1 and the inhibition of MAPK/NFκB pathway and suggest the potential adjuvant use for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfen Tao
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of Medical Technology and EngineeringFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- The Department of Clinical LaboratoryZigong First People's HospitalZigongChina
| | - Min Xu
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenhua Xie
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mengyao Ma
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xi Li
- Biology Science InstitutesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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He B, Moreau R. R-α-Lipoic Acid and 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Have Distinct Hypolipidemic Mechanisms in Hepatic Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080289. [PMID: 32824248 PMCID: PMC7460023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to the overproduction of apoB-containing triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in HepG2 cells. R-α-lipoic acid (LA) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) have hypolipidemic function but their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Here, we reported that LA and PBA regulate hepatocellular lipid metabolism via distinct mechanisms. The use of SQ22536, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, revealed cAMP’s involvement in the upregulation of CPT1A expression by LA but not by PBA. LA decreased the secretion of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the culture media of hepatic cells and increased the abundance of LDL receptor (LDLR) in cellular extracts in part through transcriptional upregulation. Although PBA induced LDLR gene expression, it did not translate into more LDLR proteins. PBA regulated cellular lipid homeostasis through the induction of CPT1A and INSIG2 expression via an epigenetic mechanism involving the acetylation of histone H3, histone H4, and CBP-p300 at the CPT1A and INSIG2 promoters.
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19
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Latest advances in STAT signaling and function in adipocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:629-639. [PMID: 32219346 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes and adipose tissue are not inert and make substantial contributions to systemic metabolism by influencing energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage. In addition to well-studied hormones such as insulin, there are numerous hormones, cytokines, and growth factors that modulate adipose tissue function. Many endocrine mediators utilize the JAK-STAT pathway to mediate dozens of biological processes, including inflammation and immune responses. JAKs and STATs can modulate both adipocyte development and mature adipocyte function. Of the seven STAT family members, four STATs are expressed in adipocytes and regulated during adipogenesis (STATs 1, 3, 5A, and 5B). These STATs have been shown to play influential roles in adipose tissue development and function. STAT6, in contrast, is highly expressed in both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, but is not considered to play a major role in regulating adipose tissue function. This review will summarize the latest research that pertains to the functions of STATs in adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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20
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Chaurasiya V, Kumari S, Onteru SK, Singh D. miR-326 down-regulate CYP19A1 expression and estradiol-17b production in buffalo granulosa cells through CREB and C/EBP-β. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105608. [PMID: 31996328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells, known to be endocrine cells, have well active TLR4-/NFKB signalling mediated innate immune capabilities. We have previously shown that endotoxin not only transiently regulates proinflammatory cytokines but cells become tolerant on repeated exposure to endotoxin and impaired granulosa cells functions, which includes downregulation of CYP19A1 gene. To understand further endotoxin tolerance and impaired granulosa cells function, genome-wide transcriptomic profiling in endotoxin tolerant buffalo granulosa cells (bGCs) identified miR-326 as upregulated amongst top 5 DE miRNAs [unpublished data] and qPCR validation confirmed its upregulation during endotoxin tolerance. In silico analyses showed that miR-326 targets CYP19A1 gene. Therefore, in the present study, we elucidated the role of miR-326 in buffalo granulosa cells (bGCs). We first validated its expression vis-à-vis CYP19A1 gene expression in bGCs, both in vivo and in vitro. Results showed an inverse relationship between miR-326 and CYP19A1 expression. Similarly, transcription factors, known to be involved in CYP19A1 gene regulation, CREB and C/EBP-β expression was also found to be decreased in granulosa cells mimicking pre-ovulatory follicular stage. Further, miR-326 mimic was transfected to bGCs in culture and expression of CYP19A1 and CREB & C/EBP-β and genes encoding other enzymes of steroidogenesis pathway were also analyzed. The present study results showed that miR-326 significantly inhibits the expression of CYP19A1 gene while expression of transcription factors CREB and C/EBP-β was found to be upregulated. The expression of STAR and CYP11A1 was found to be unaffected. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of miR-326 mediated downregulation of CYP19A1, binding analyses of RNA polymerase II and CEBP-β to CYP19A1 gene promoter II was analyzed. The result also showed decreased binding of RNA polymerase II with increased binding of CEBP-β to CYP19A1 gene promoter II in bGCs, transfected with miR-326 as compared to control. In summary, our results suggest that miR-326 upregulate CREB and CREB may activate C/EBP-β and later inhibited the transcription of CYP19A1 and decreased estradiol-17b production. The miR-326 mediated down-regulation of the CYP19A1 gene involving CREB-C/EBP-β can be exploited in developing strategies to attenuate endotoxin-mediated tolerance induced impaired granulosa cells function to ensure proper fertility in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chaurasiya
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Kumari
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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21
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Samimi A, Ghanavat M, Shahrabi S, Azizidoost S, Saki N. Role of bone marrow adipocytes in leukemia and chemotherapy challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2489-2497. [PMID: 30715556 PMCID: PMC11105633 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an extramedullary reservoir of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Adipocytes prevent the production of normal HSCs via secretion of inflammatory factors, and adipocyte-derived free fatty acids may contribute to the development and progression of leukemia via providing energy for leukemic cells. In addition, adipocytes are able to metabolize and inactivate therapeutic agents, reducing the concentrations of active drugs in adipocyte-rich microenvironments. The aim of this study was to detect the role of adipocytes in the progression and treatment of leukemia. Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search (2000-2018) of English-language papers using the following terms: leukemia, adipocyte, leukemic stem cell, chemotherapy, and bone marrow. Findings suggest the striking interplay between leukemic cells and adipocytes to create a unique microenvironment supporting the metabolic demands and survival of leukemic cells. Based on these findings, targeting lipid metabolism of leukemic cells and adipocytes in combination with standard therapeutic agents might present novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Samimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Ghanavat
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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22
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Inoue T, Hariya N, Imamochi Y, Dey A, Ozato K, Goda T, Kubota T, Mochizuki K. Epigenetic regulation of lipoprotein lipase gene via BRD4, which is potentially associated with adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172492. [PMID: 31233750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-controlling enzyme for the accumulation of triacylglycerol into adipocytes, which acts by digesting it into glycerol and fatty acids. In this study, we found that treatment with (+)-JQ1, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins, for 4 days from the end of stimulation to induce adipocyte differentiation reduced binding of BRD4, a BET family member, within the gene body of Lpl. This eventually downregulated the expression of Lpl in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Longer treatment for 8 days reduced the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 within the gene body of Lpl and subsequent Lpl expression. Lpl expression in mesenteric adipose tissues was lower in Brd4+/- heterozygous mice at 14 days after birth than in wild-type mice at the same age. Furthermore, treatment with an inducer of insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, reduced BRD4 binding and histone acetylation in the gene body of Lpl and its expression. These results indicate that transcriptional elongation of Lpl controlled by BRD4 may be associated with adipocyte differentiation, and that its suppression is potentially associated with insulin resistance of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Inoue
- Division of Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuyo Hariya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuko Imamochi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Anup Dey
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Child Studies, Faculty of Child Studies, Seitoku University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
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23
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Na HH, Kim KC. Homeostatic balance of histone acetylation and deconstruction of repressive chromatin marker H3K9me3 during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:1301-1308. [PMID: 30094782 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipocyte differentiation is completed by changing gene expression. Chromatin is closely related to gene expression. Therefore, its structure might be changed for adipocyte differentiation. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have been used as a cell model to study molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis. Objective To examine changes of chromatin modification and expression of histone modifying enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. Methods Microscopic analysis and Oil Red O staining were performed to determine distinct phenotype of adipocyte differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine expression levels of histone modifying enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. Histone modifications were examined by immunostaining analysis. Results Expression levels of P300 and cbp were increased during adipocyte differentiation. However, acetylation of histones was not quantitatively changed postdifferentiation of 3T3-L1 cells compared to that at pre-differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that expression levels of hdac2 and hdac3 were increased during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting histone acetylation at chromatin level was homeostatically controlled by increased expression of both HATs and HDACs. Tri-methylation level of H3K9 (H3K9me3), but not that of H3K27me3, was significantly decreased during adipocyte differentiation. Decreased expression of setdb1 was consistent with reduced pattern of H3K9me3. Knock-down of setdb1 induced adipocyte differentiation. This suggests that setdb1 is a key chromatin modifier that modulates repressive chromatin. Conclusion These results suggest that there exist extensive mechanisms of chromatin modifications for homeostatic balance of chromatin acetylation and deconstruction of repressive chromatin during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Heom Na
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Ko JH, Nam D, Um JY, Jung SH, Ahn KS. Bergamottin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and Weight Regulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:601-615. [PMID: 29614883 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious and increasing health problem worldwide, and the inhibition of adipogenesis is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for it. Bergamottin (BGM), a component of grapefruit juice, has been reported to regulate lipolysis. However, the physiological role of BGM in obesity has not been evaluated so far. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BGM on obesity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). BGM inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells along with a significant decrease in the lipid content by downregulating the expression of two critical adipogenic factors, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP[Formula: see text]) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR[Formula: see text]). The expressions of target proteins such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, and resistin were also decreased by BGM. It activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by increasing phosphorylation of AMPK and the downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), indicating that BGM exerted its antiadipogenic effect through AMPK activation. In the HFD-induced obese mouse model, BGM administration significantly reduced the weight and sizes of white adipose tissue as well as the weight gain of mice fed HFD. Moreover, UCP1 and PGC1[Formula: see text] expressions, well-known as brown adipocyte marker genes, were higher in the BGM-treated HFD mice than that in the HFD-induced obese mice. This study suggests that BGM suppress adipogenesis by AMPK activation in vitro and reduces body weight in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- † KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,† KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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25
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He H, Cai M, Zhu J, Xiao W, Liu B, Shi Y, Yang X, Liang X, Zheng T, Hu S, Jia X, Chen S, Wang J, Qin Y, Lai S. miR-148a-3p promotes rabbit preadipocyte differentiation by targeting PTEN. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:241-249. [PMID: 29426973 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although emerging data support crucial roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) during adipogenesis, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, it was shown that in rabbits, levels of miR-148a-3p not only increased in white adipose tissue during early stages of growth but also during in vitro cultured preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-148a-3p significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4, as well as the protein levels of PPARγ, as indicated by qPCR and western blotting analyses. Overexpression of miR-148a-3p also promoted intracellular triglyceride accumulation. In contrast, downregulation of miR-148a-3p inhibited the differentiation of rabbit preadipocytes. Next, based on target gene prediction and a luciferase reporter assay, we further demonstrated that miR-148a-3p directly targeted one of the 3' untranslated regions of PTEN. Finally, it was observed inhibition of PTEN by siRNA promoted rabbit preadipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-148a-3p could be involved in regulating rabbit preadipocyte differentiation through inhibiting expression of PTEN, which further highlighted the importance of miRNAs during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingcheng Cai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Buwei Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Chendu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaohu Liang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tianhao Zheng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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26
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Sakurai N, Inamochi Y, Inoue T, Hariya N, Kawamura M, Yamada M, Dey A, Nishiyama A, Kubota T, Ozato K, Goda T, Mochizuki K. BRD4 regulates adiponectin gene induction by recruiting the P-TEFb complex to the transcribed region of the gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11962. [PMID: 28931940 PMCID: PMC5607256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that induction of the adipocyte-specific gene adiponectin (Adipoq) during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation is closely associated with epigenetic memory histone H3 acetylation on the transcribed region of the gene. We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Brd4 heterozygous mice to investigate whether the induction of Adipoq during adipocyte differentiation is regulated by histone acetylation and the binding protein bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) on the transcribed region. Depletion of BRD4 by shRNA and inhibition by (+)-JQ1, an inhibitor of BET family proteins including BRD4, reduced Adipoq expression and lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, the depletion and inhibition of BRD4 reduced the expression of many insulin sensitivity-related genes, including genes related to lipid droplet accumulation in adipocytes. BRD4 depletion reduced P-TEFb recruitment and histone acetylation on the transcribed region of the Adipoq gene. The expression levels of Adipoq and fatty acid synthesis-related genes and the circulating ADIPOQ protein level were lower in Brd4 heterozygous mice than in wild-type mice at 21 days after birth. These findings indicate that BRD4 regulates the Adipoq gene by recruiting P-TEFb onto acetylated histones in the transcribed region of the gene and regulates adipocyte differentiation by regulating the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sakurai
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Inamochi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuyo Hariya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Musashi Kawamura
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masami Yamada
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Anup Dey
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Child Studies, Faculty of Child Studies, Seitoku University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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27
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Liu G, Li M, Xu Y, Wu S, Saeed M, Sun C. ColXV promotes adipocyte differentiation via inhibiting DNA methylation and cAMP/PKA pathway in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60135-60148. [PMID: 28947959 PMCID: PMC5601127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM), as an essential component of adipose tissue, not only provides mechanical support for adipocyte growth, but also participates in ECM-adipocyte communication via various secreted proteins, including highly enriched collagens. Collagen XV (ColXV) is a secreted non-fibrillar collagen within ECM Basement Membrane (BM) zones and well recognized as a tumor suppressor. However, the role of ColXV in adipose tissue is still unknown. In this study, high fat diet (HFD) fed mice were used as obese model, in which we deeply investigated the interaction between ColXV and adipocyte differentiation or adipose metabolism. We found great elevated ColXV expression and positive effect of ColXV on lipid deposition during adipocyte differentiation or obesity both in vitro and in vivo. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a cellular transcription factor that can inhibit adipogenesis and promote lipolysis. Here we proposed ColXV as a newly discovered downstream gene of CREB. We further proved that CREB can repress adipocyte differentiation and enhance lipolysis by negatively regulating ColXV transcription. Mechanistic studies showed ColXV enhanced adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition through reducing its DNA methylation and repressing the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Collectively, our study identified ColXV as a novel downstream gene for CREB and could promote adipocyte differentiation, inhibit lipolysis through repressing cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and positively regulating adipogenic markers expressions by repressing the activity of maintenance methyltransferase Dnmt1. Our data discovered a novel role of ColXV in adipocyte differentiation and provide insight into obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannv Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Meihang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yatao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Song Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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28
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Tuning of major signaling networks (TGF-β, Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog) by miRNAs in human stem cells commitment to different lineages: Possible clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:849-860. [PMID: 28501774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinguishing characteristics of stem cells, their continuous division in the undifferentiated state and growth into any cell types, are orchestrated by a number of cell signaling pathways. These pathways act as a niche factor in controlling variety of stem cells. The core stem cell signaling pathways include Wingless-type (Wnt), Hedgehog (HH), and Notch. Additionally, they critically regulate the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells. Conversely, stem cells' main properties, lineage commitment and stemness, are tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA-mediated regulatory events. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are cellular switches that modulate stem cells outcomes in response to diverse extracellular signals. Numerous scientific evidences implicating miRNAs in major signal transduction pathways highlight new crosstalks of cellular processes. Aberrant signaling pathways and miRNAs levels result in developmental defects and diverse human pathologies. This review discusses the crosstalk between the components of main signaling networks and the miRNA machinery, which plays a role in the context of stem cells development and provides a set of examples to illustrate the extensive relevance of potential novel therapeutic targets.
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29
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Matsukawa T, Villareal MO, Motojima H, Isoda H. Increasing cAMP levels of preadipocytes by cyanidin-3-glucoside treatment induces the formation of beige phenotypes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:77-85. [PMID: 27865158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem and a major risk factor for the onset of several diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes, also called beige or brite adipocytes, by pharmacological and dietary compounds has gained attention as an effective treatment for obesity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G), a polyphenolic compound contained in black soybean, blueberry and grape, has several antiobesity effects. However, there are no reports on the role of Cy3G in the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes to beige adipocytes and corresponding phenotypes. Here, the formation of beige adipocyte phenotypes following treatment with Cy3G was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cy3G induced phenotypic changes to white adipocytes, such as increased multilocular lipid droplets and mitochondrial content. Additionally, the expression of mitochondrial genes (TFAM, SOD2, UCP-1 and UCP-2), UCP-1 protein and beige adipocyte markers (CITED1 and TBX1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased by Cy3G. Furthermore, Cy3G promoted preadipocyte differentiation by up-regulating of C/EBPβ through the elevation of the intracellular cAMP levels. These results indicated that Cy3G elevates the intracellular cAMP levels, which induces beige adipocyte phenotypes. This is the first report on the effect of Cy3G on induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into beige adipocyte phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideko Motojima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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30
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MDM2 facilitates adipocyte differentiation through CRTC-mediated activation of STAT3. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2289. [PMID: 27362806 PMCID: PMC5108339 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase MDM2 is best known for balancing the activity of the tumor suppressor p53. We have previously shown that MDM2 is vital for adipocyte conversion through controlling Cebpd expression in a p53-independent manner. Here, we show that the proadipogenic effect of MDM2 relies on activation of the STAT family of transcription factors. Their activation was required for the cAMP-mediated induction of target genes. Interestingly, rather than influencing all cAMP-stimulated genes, inhibition of the kinases directly responsible for STAT activation, namely JAKs, or ablation of MDM2, each resulted in abolished induction of a subset of cAMP-stimulated genes, with Cebpd being among the most affected. Moreover, STATs were able to interact with the transcriptional cofactors CRTC2 and CRTC3, hitherto only reported to associate with the cAMP-responsive transcription factor CREB. Last but not least, the binding of CRTC2 to a transcriptional enhancer that interacts with the Cebpd promoter was dramatically decreased upon JAK inhibition. Our data reveal the existence of an unusual functional interplay between STATs and CREB at the onset of adipogenesis through shared CRTC cofactors.
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31
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Ravnskjaer K, Madiraju A, Montminy M. Role of the cAMP Pathway in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 233:29-49. [PMID: 26721678 DOI: 10.1007/164_2015_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
3'-5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) was first described in 1957 as an intracellular second messenger mediating the effects of glucagon and epinephrine on hepatic glycogenolysis (Berthet et al., J Biol Chem 224(1):463-475, 1957). Since this initial characterization, cAMP has been firmly established as a versatile molecular signal involved in both central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis and nutrient partitioning. Many of these effects appear to be mediated at the transcriptional level, in part through the activation of the transcription factor CREB and its coactivators. Here we review current understanding of the mechanisms by which the cAMP signaling pathway triggers metabolic programs in insulin-responsive tissues.
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32
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Deng B, Zhang F, Chen K, Wen J, Huang H, Liu W, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. MyoD promotes porcine PPARγ gene expression through an E-box and a MyoD-binding site in the PPARγ promoter region. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:381-91. [PMID: 26944559 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor in adipogenesis and can be regulated by adipogenesis-related factors. However, little information is available regarding its regulation by myogenic factors. In this study, we found that over-expression of MyoD enhanced porcine adipocyte differentiation and up-regulated PPARγ expression, whereas small interfering RNA against MyoD significantly attenuated porcine adipocyte differentiation and inhibited PPARγ expression. The MyoD-binding sites in the PPARγ promoter region at -412 to -396 and -155 to -150 were identified by promoter deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed that these two regions are MyoD-binding sites, both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that MyoD directly interacts with the porcine PPARγ promoter. Thus, our results demonstrate that an Enhancer box and a binding site for a cooperative co-activator of MyoD are present in the promoter region of porcine PPARγ; furthermore, MyoD up-regulates PPARγ expression and promotes porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China.
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33
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Shi C, Zhang M, Tong M, Yang L, Pang L, Chen L, Xu G, Chi X, Hong Q, Ni Y, Ji C, Guo X. miR-148a is Associated with Obesity and Modulates Adipocyte Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Wnt Signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9930. [PMID: 26001136 PMCID: PMC4441322 DOI: 10.1038/srep09930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from numerous, interacting genetic, behavioral, and physiological factors. Adipogenesis is partially regulated by several adipocyte-selective microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors that regulate proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs-Ad). In this study, we examined the roles of adipocyte-selective miRNAs in the differentiation of hMSCs-Ad to adipocytes. Results showed that the levels of miR-148a, miR-26b, miR-30, and miR-199a increased in differentiating hMSCs-Ad. Among these miRNAs, miR-148a exhibited significant effects on increasing PPRE luciferase activity (it represents PPAR-dependent transcription, a major factor in adipogenesis) than others. Furthermore, miR-148a expression levels increased in adipose tissues from obese people and mice fed high-fat diet. miR-148a acted by suppressing its target gene, Wnt1, an endogenous inhibitor of adipogenesis. Ectopic expression of miR-148a accelerated differentiation and partially rescued Wnt1-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. Knockdown of miR-148a also inhibited adipogenesis. Analysis of the upstream region of miR-148a locus identified a 3 kb region containing a functional cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) required for miR-148a expression in hMSCs-Ad. The results suggest that miR-148a is a biomarker of obesity in human subjects and mouse model, which represents a CREB-modulated miRNA that acts to repress Wnt1, thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Shi
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingxia Pang
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guangfeng Xu
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Hong
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuhui Ni
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and
Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029, China
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Zhang J, Tang H, Deng R, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li F, Wang X, Zhou L. Berberine Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation via Decreasing CREB Transcriptional Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125667. [PMID: 25928058 PMCID: PMC4415922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, one of the major constituents of Chinese herb Rhizoma coptidis, has been demonstrated to lower blood glucose, blood lipid, and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The anti-obesity effect of berberine has been attributed to its anti-adipogenic activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that berberine significantly suppressed the expressions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), and other adipogenic genes in the process of adipogenesis. Berberine decreased cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression at the early stage of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, CREB phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin were also attenuated by berberine. The binding activities of cAMP responsive element (CRE) stimulated by IBMX and forskolin were inhibited by berberine. The binding of phosphorylated CREB to the promoter of C/EBPβ was abrogated by berberine after the induction of preadipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that berberine blocks adipogenesis mainly via suppressing CREB activity, which leads to a decrease in C/EBPβ-triggered transcriptional cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongju Tang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyuan Deng
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Li
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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35
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Eisenstein A, Carroll SH, Johnston-Cox H, Farb M, Gokce N, Ravid K. An adenosine receptor-Krüppel-like factor 4 protein axis inhibits adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:21071-81. [PMID: 24928509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.566406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis represents a key process in adipose tissue development and remodeling, including during obesity. Exploring the regulation of adipogenesis by extracellular ligands is fundamental to our understanding of this process. Adenosine, an extracellular nucleoside signaling molecule found in adipose tissue depots, acts on adenosine receptors. Here we report that, among these receptors, the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) is highly expressed in adipocyte progenitors. Activation of the A2bAR potently inhibits differentiation of mouse stromal vascular cells into adipocytes, whereas A2bAR knockdown stimulates adipogenesis. The A2bAR inhibits differentiation through a novel signaling cascade involving sustained expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a regulator of stem cell maintenance. Knockdown of KLF4 ablates the ability of the A2bAR to inhibit differentiation. A2bAR activation also inhibits adipogenesis in a human primary preadipocyte culture system. We analyzed the A2bARKLF4 axis in adipose tissue of obese subjects and, intriguingly, found a strong correlation between A2bAR and KLF4 expression in both subcutaneous and visceral human fat. Hence, our study implicates the A2bAR as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation and the A2bAR-KLF4 axis as a potentially significant modulator of adipose biology.
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36
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Zhao XY, Chen XY, Zhang ZJ, Kang Y, Liao WM, Yu WH, Xiang AP. Expression patterns of transcription factor PPARγ and C/EBP family members during in vitro adipogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:457-65. [PMID: 25523390 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering; Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zi-Ji Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Wei-Ming Liao
- Department of Orthopedics; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Wei-Hua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering; Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering; Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
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37
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The positive effects of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients 2015; 7:730-50. [PMID: 25621503 PMCID: PMC4344557 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide over the past three decades. Global anti-obesity strategies focus on dietary and lifestyle modifications to slow the development of obesity. Research in the nutrition field has recently aroused considerable interest based on the potential of natural products to counteract obesity. Several studies have identified yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) as an excellent candidate. In this review, we evaluated the impact of yerba maté on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrate that yerba maté suppresses adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation and reduces inflammation. Animal studies show that yerba maté modulates signaling pathways that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insulin signaling responses. In summary, the data presented here showed that the use of yerba maté might be useful against obesity, improving the lipid parameters in humans and animal models. In addition, yerba maté modulates the expression of genes that are changed in the obese state and restores them to more normal levels of expression. In doing so, it addresses several of the abnormal and disease-causing factors associated with obesity. Protective and ameliorative effects on insulin resistance were also observed. Thus, as a general conclusion, it seems that yerba maté beverages and supplements might be helpful in the battle against obesity.
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38
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Chen X, Hausman BS, Luo G, Zhou G, Murakami S, Rubin J, Greenfield EM. Protein kinase inhibitor γ reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by downregulating leukemia inhibitory factor. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2789-99. [PMID: 23963683 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase inhibitor (Pki) gene family inactivates nuclear protein kinase A (PKA) and terminates PKA-induced gene expression. We previously showed that Pkig is the primary family member expressed in osteoblasts and that Pkig knockdown increases the effects of parathyroid hormone and isoproterenol on PKA activation, gene expression, and inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we determined whether endogenous levels of Pkig regulate osteoblast differentiation. Pkig is the primary family member in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), murine marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Pkig deletion increased forskolin-dependent nuclear PKA activation and gene expression and Pkig deletion or knockdown increased osteoblast differentiation. PKA signaling is known to stimulate adipogenesis; however, adipogenesis and osteogenesis are often reciprocally regulated. We found that the reciprocal regulation predominates over the direct effects of PKA since adipogenesis was decreased by Pkig deletion or knockdown. Pkig deletion or knockdown also simultaneously increased osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis in mixed osteogenic/adipogenic medium. Pkig deletion increased PKA-induced expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) mRNA and LIF protein. LIF neutralizing antibodies inhibited the effects on osteogenesis and adipogenesis of either Pkig deletion in MEFs or PKIγ knockdown in both murine and human mesenchymal stem cells. Collectively, our results show that endogenous levels of Pkig reciprocally regulate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation and that this reciprocal regulation is mediated in part by LIF. Stem Cells 2013;31:2789-2799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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39
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Nishizuka M, Hayashi T, Asano M, Osada S, Imagawa M. KCNK10, a tandem pore domain potassium channel, is a regulator of mitotic clonal expansion during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22743-56. [PMID: 25501330 PMCID: PMC4284734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
KCNK10, a member of tandem pore domain potassium channel family, gives rise to leak K+ currents. It plays important roles in stabilizing the negative resting membrane potential and in counterbalancing depolarization. We previously demonstrated that kcnk10 expression is quickly elevated during the early stage of adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and that reduction of kcnk10 expression inhibits adipocyte differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism of KCNK10 in adipocyte differentiation remains unclear. Here we revealed that kcnk10 is induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a potent inducer of adipogenesis, during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. We also demonstrated that KCNK10 functions as a positive regulator of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), a necessary process for terminal differentiation. The reduction of kcnk10 expression repressed the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPδ as well as the phosphorylation level of Akt during the early phase of adipogenesis. In addition, knockdown of kcnk10 expression suppressed insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. These results indicate that KCNK10 contributes to the regulation of MCE through the control of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ expression and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nishizuka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Mami Asano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Osada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Imagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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40
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Lee KH, Ju UI, Song JY, Chun YS. The histone demethylase PHF2 promotes fat cell differentiation as an epigenetic activator of both C/EBPα and C/EBPδ. Mol Cells 2014; 37:734-41. [PMID: 25266703 PMCID: PMC4213764 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications on major transcription factor target genes are one of the major regulatory mechanisms controlling adipogenesis. Plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) is a Jumonji domain-containing protein and is known to demethylate the histone H3K9, a repressive gene marker. To better understand the function of PHF2 in adipocyte differentiation, we constructed stable PHF2 knock-down cells by using the mouse pre-adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. When induced with adipogenic media, PHF2 knock-down cells showed reduced lipid accumulation compared to control cells. Differential expression using a cDNA microarray revealed significant reduction of metabolic pathway genes in the PHF2 knock-down cell line after differentiation. The reduced expression of major transcription factors and adipokines was confirmed with reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We further performed co-immunoprecipitation analysis of PHF2 with four major adipogenic transcription factors, and we found that CCATT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α and C/EBPδ physically interact with PHF2. In addition, PHF2 binding to target gene promoters was confirmed with a chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment. Finally, histone H3K9 methylation markers on the PHF2-binding sequences were increased in PHF2 knock-down cells after differentiation. Together, these results demonstrate that PHF2 histone demethylase controls adipogenic gene expression during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hwa Lee
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Uk-Il Ju
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Jung-Yup Song
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
- Departments of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
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41
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Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit adipogenesis in rat mesenchymal stem cells: potential therapeutic implications. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2952-62. [PMID: 24805277 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, NC) have extraordinary antioxidant activity that made them suitable as a therapeutic agent for several diseases where reactive oxygen species (ROS) act by impairing the normal redox balance. Among different functions, it has been proven that ROS are cellular messengers involved in the adipogenesis: we thus investigated the implication of NC administration in the potential inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used as a model of adipogenesis. METHODS We evaluated cytotoxic effects and adipogenic maturation of mesenchymal stem cells following in vitro NC administration, both at gene and at phenotype level. RESULTS Overall, our results demonstrated that NC efficiently inhibit the maturation of MSCs toward adipocytes owing to their ability to reduce the production of the ROS necessary during adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings, even if preliminary, represent an important step toward the potential pharmaceutical application of NC in the treatment of obesity.
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42
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Yu K, Mo D, Wu M, Chen H, Chen L, Li M, Chen Y. Activating transcription factor 4 regulates adipocyte differentiation via altering the coordinate expression of CCATT/enhancer binding protein β and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. FEBS J 2014; 281:2399-409. [PMID: 24673832 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is crucial for energy homeostasis and is a topic interest with respect to investigating the regulation of adipose tissue formation for the ever-increasing health concerns of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte differentiation is tightly regulated by the characteristic sequential expression change of adipocyte genes, including members of the CCATT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and tribbles homolog 3. In the present study, we demonstrate that C/EBPβ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (but not tribbles homolog 3) are targeted for activation by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of cAMP response element-binding/activator transcription factor family. Importantly, overexpression of ATF4 in 3T3-L1 cells enhanced adipogenesis, whereas small-interfering ATF4 blocked conversion of preadipocytes to adipocytes. These findings were accomplished by altering the coordinate expression of adipogenic transcription factors. Taken together, our results suggest that ATF4 is a positive regulator of adipocyte differentiation. This notion is also supported by the results of the present study showing that the expression of ATF4 is induced during adipocyte differentiation. Thus, ATF4 could be an important regulator of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Li J, Zhu Q, Wang H, Han C, Zhou Q, Huang H, Dong M. Decreased fetal pre-adipocyte factor-1 in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:93-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Eisenstein A, Ravid K. G protein-coupled receptors and adipogenesis: a focus on adenosine receptors. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:414-21. [PMID: 24114647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of proteins that coordinate extracellular signals to produce physiologic outcomes. Adenosine receptors (AR) are one class of GPCRs that have been shown to regulate functions as diverse as inflammation, blood flow, and cellular differentiation. Adenosine signals through four GPCRs that either inhibit (A1AR and A3AR) or activate (A2aAR and A2bAR) adenylyl cyclase. This review will focus on the role of GPCRs, and in particular, adenosine receptors, in adipogenesis. Preadipocytes differentiate to mature adipocytes as the adipose tissue expands to compensate for the consumption of excess nutrients. These newly generated adipocytes contribute to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Understanding the key drivers of this differentiation process can aid the development of therapeutics to combat the growing obesity epidemic and associated metabolic consequences. Although much literature has covered the transcriptional events that culminate in the formation of an adipocyte, less focus has been on receptor-mediated extracellular signals that direct this process. This review will highlight GPCRs and their downstream messengers as significant players controlling adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eisenstein
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Arçari DP, Santos JC, Gambero A, Ribeiro ML. The in vitro and in vivo effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on adipogenesis. Food Chem 2013; 141:809-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Chen Y, Xue P, Hou Y, Zhang H, Zheng H, Zhou T, Qu W, Teng W, Zhang Q, Andersen ME, Pi J. Isoniazid suppresses antioxidant response element activities and impairs adipogenesis in mouse and human preadipocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:435-41. [PMID: 24128855 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional signaling through the antioxidant response element (ARE), orchestrated by the Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a major cellular defense mechanism against oxidative or electrophilic stress. Here, we reported that isoniazid (INH), a widely used antitubercular drug, displays a substantial inhibitory property against ARE activities in diverse mouse and human cells. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, INH concentration-dependently suppressed the ARE-luciferase reporter activity and mRNA expression of various ARE-dependent antioxidant genes under basal and oxidative stressed conditions. In keeping with our previous findings that Nrf2-ARE plays a critical role in adipogenesis by regulating expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), suppression of ARE signaling by INH hampered adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Following adipogenesis induced by hormonal cocktails, INH-treated 3T3-L1 cells and ADSCs displayed significantly reduced levels of lipid accumulation and attenuated expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. Time-course studies in 3T3-L1 cells revealed that inhibition of adipogenesis by INH occurred in the early stage of terminal adipogenic differentiation, where reduced expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ was observed. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that INH suppresses ARE signaling and interrupts with the transcriptional network of adipogenesis, leading to impaired adipogenic differentiation. The inhibition of ARE signaling may be a potential underlying mechanism by which INH attenuates cellular antioxidant response contributing to various complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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47
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Peverelli E, Ermetici F, Corbetta S, Gozzini E, Avagliano L, Zappa MA, Bulfamante G, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A, Mantovani G. PKA regulatory subunit R2B is required for murine and human adipocyte differentiation. Endocr Connect 2013; 2:196-207. [PMID: 24145613 PMCID: PMC3847920 DOI: 10.1530/ec-13-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ADIPOGENESIS IS A COMPLEX PROCESS MODULATED BY SEVERAL FACTORS, INCLUDING CAMP SIGNALING. THE MAIN CAMP TARGET IS PROTEIN KINASE A (PKA), A TETRAMERIC ENZYME WITH FOUR REGULATORY SUBUNITS SHOWING TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION: PRKAR2B is the main regulatory subunit in adipose tissue in mice and in adult humans. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PKA regulatory subunits in human adipose tissue during fetal development and to investigate their role in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 and primary human preadipocytes. The expression of PKA regulatory subunits was evaluated in fetal adipose tissue (immunohistochemistry) and in cultured 3T3-L1 and primary human preadipocytes (western blot analysis). Cultured cells were transiently transfected with siRNA against PRKAR2B and induced to differentiate. Differentiation was evaluated by intracellular triglyceride staining (Oil Red O) and expression of molecular markers of adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we found that PRKAR2B is the main regulatory subunit in human adipose tissue during fetal development, from 12 weeks of gestation to the end of gestation, as well as in 3T3-L1 and primary human preadipocytes. The expression of PRKAR2B increases progressively during in vitro differentiation. The silencing of PRKAR2B abolishes the increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ (PPARG)), fatty acid synthase, aP2 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase, as well as intracellular triglyceride accumulation, resulting in impaired adipocyte differentiation in both mouse and human cell systems. In conclusion, PRKAR2B is the key PKA regulatory subunit involved in mouse and human adipose tissue development. The physiological increase in the expression of PRKAR2B is an essential event in adipogenesis in both mice and humans, and it might represent a possible target for future strategies for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Peverelli
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoPad.Granelli Via F. Sforza 3520122, MilanItaly
| | - Federica Ermetici
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoPad.Granelli Via F. Sforza 3520122, MilanItaly
- Diabetology and Metabolic Disease UnitIRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseItaly
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S.Donato, Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Ettore Gozzini
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoPad.Granelli Via F. Sforza 3520122, MilanItaly
| | - Laura Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Human Pathology – San Paolo Hospital Medical SchoolUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly
| | - Marco A Zappa
- Surgical DepartmentOspedale Sacra Famiglia FatebenefratelliErbaItaly
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Human Pathology – San Paolo Hospital Medical SchoolUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly
| | - Paolo Beck-Peccoz
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoPad.Granelli Via F. Sforza 3520122, MilanItaly
| | - Anna Spada
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoPad.Granelli Via F. Sforza 3520122, MilanItaly
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoPad.Granelli Via F. Sforza 3520122, MilanItaly
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Mantovani
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48
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Lee HL, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. Distal-less homeobox 5 inhibits adipogenic differentiation through the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:87-98. [PMID: 22553076 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation that contains a homeobox domain. Because there are possible reciprocal relationships between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we examined the regulatory role of Dlx5 in adipogenic differentiation in this study. Adipogenic stimuli suppressed the expression levels of Dlx5 mRNA in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Over-expression of Dlx5 inhibited adipogenic differentiation in human bone marrow MSCs and 3T3-L1 preadipocytic cells whereas knockdown of Dlx5 enhanced adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Over-expression of Dlx5 suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Dlx5-mediated suppression of adipogenic differentiation was overcome by over-expression of PPARγ but not by that of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) or C/EBPα. Dlx5 decreased the transcriptional activity of CREB and C/EBPα in a dose-dependent manner. Dlx5 directly bound to CREB and C/EBPα and prevented them from binding to and subsequently transactivating the PPARγ promoter. These results suggest that Dlx5 plays an important regulatory role in fate determination of bone marrow MSCs toward the osteoblast lineage through the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation as well as the direct stimulation of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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49
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McCurdy CE, Schenk S, Holliday MJ, Philp A, Houck JA, Patsouris D, MacLean PS, Majka SM, Klemm DJ, Friedman JE. Attenuated Pik3r1 expression prevents insulin resistance and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes 2012; 61:2495-505. [PMID: 22698915 PMCID: PMC3447911 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obese white adipose tissue (AT) is characterized by large-scale infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages, in parallel with systemic insulin resistance; however, the cellular stimulus that initiates this signaling cascade and chemokine release is still unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunits on AT macrophage (ATM) infiltration in obesity. Here, we find that the Pik3r1 regulatory subunits (i.e., p85α/p55α/p50α) are highly induced in AT from high-fat diet-fed obese mice, concurrent with insulin resistance. Global heterozygous deletion of the Pik3r1 regulatory subunits (αHZ), but not knockout of Pik3r2 (p85β), preserves whole-body, AT, and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, despite severe obesity. Moreover, ATM accumulation, proinflammatory gene expression, and ex vivo chemokine secretion in obese αHZ mice are markedly reduced despite endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hypoxia, adipocyte hypertrophy, and Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation. Furthermore, bone marrow transplant studies reveal that these improvements in obese αHZ mice are independent of reduced Pik3r1 expression in the hematopoietic compartment. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Pik3r1 expression plays a critical role in mediating AT insulin sensitivity and, more so, suggest that reduced PI3K activity is a key step in the initiation and propagation of the inflammatory response in obese AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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50
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Gosmann G, Barlette AG, Dhamer T, Arçari DP, Santos JC, de Camargo ER, Acedo S, Gambero A, Gnoatto SCB, Ribeiro ML. Phenolic compounds from maté (Ilex paraguariensis) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:156-161. [PMID: 22544347 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis are used to prepare a tea known as maté which is a common beverage in several South American countries. The ethanol extract was fractionated to identify the compounds responsible for the anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Extracts of both fresh and dried maté leaves were subjected to column chromatography using molecular permeation to obtain the saponin (20 % yields) and the polyphenol extracts (40 % yields) from the fresh and dried leaves. The phenolic content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Also, maté extracts (50 μg/ml to 1,000 μg/ml) did not display citotoxicity using MTT. The polyphenol extract from the dried leaves was the most effective (50 μg/ml) in the inhibition of triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and rutin (100 μg/ml) likely accounted for a large portion of this activity. Additionally, maté extracts had a modulatory effect on the expression of genes related to the adipogenesis as PPARγ2, leptin, TNF-α and C/EBPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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