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Fu J, Chen J, Meng X, Luo Z, Liu Y, Wei L. Molecular identification and functional analysis of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis -associated factor-1 (XAF1) in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108635. [PMID: 36822382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) -associated factor 1 (XAF1) is an interferon-stimulated gene which exhibits pro-apoptosis effect. In this study, XAF1 was characterized from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression pattern and function were analyzed. The open reading frame (orf) of XAF1 is 789 nucleotides (nt) encoding 262 amino acids. SMART online search results showed that a C2H2-type and six C2HC-type zinc-fingers were found in XAF1, however, the XAF1 of grass carp showed high sequence identity to zebrafish (71%), low sequence identity to tetrapods (21-22%). Rt-qPCR results showed that XAF1 was constitutively expressed in all tested organs/tissues with highest expression in blood. An inductive expression of XAF1 at mRNA level was observed in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) and C. idellus kidney cells (CIKs) after treatment with C. idellus recombinant interferon-γ (rIFNg). Overexpressing XAF1 in CIKs exhibited resistance against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and more sensitivity to cisplatin. These results implied a functional homologue of XAF1 in evolution, however the mechanism may require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Fu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, PR China
| | - XinYan Meng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, PR China
| | - Zhang Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, PR China.
| | - Lili Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, PR China.
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2
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Fakhr Y, Koshti S, Habibyan YB, Webster K, Hemmings DG. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces a Preeclamptic-like Phenotype in Placental Villi via Sphingosine Kinase 1 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073750. [PMID: 35409108 PMCID: PMC8998215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) involves inadequate placental function. This can occur due to elevated pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In other tissues, TNF-α signals via sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1). SphK1 hinders syncytial formation. Whether this occurs downstream of TNF-α signaling is unclear. We hypothesized that placental SphK1 levels are higher in PE and elevated TNF-α decreases syncytial function, increases syncytial shedding, and increases cytokine/factor release via SphK1 activity. Term placental biopsies were analyzed for SphK1 using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR. Term placental explants were treated after 4 days of culture, at the start of syncytial regeneration, with TNF-α and/or SphK1 inhibitors, PF-543. Syncytialization was assessed by measuring fusion and chorionic gonadotropin release. Cell death and shedding were measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and placental alkaline phosphatase-positive shed particles. Forty-two cytokines were measured using multiplex assays. Placental SphK1 was increased in PE. Increased cell death, shedding, interferon-α2, IFN-γ-induced protein 10, fibroblast growth factor 2, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA release induced by TNF-α were reversed upon SphK1 inhibition. TNF-α increased the release of 26 cytokines independently of SphK1. TNF-α decreased IL-10 release and inhibiting SphK1 reversed this effect. Inhibiting SphK1 alone decreased TNF-α release. Hence, SphK1 partially mediates the TNF-α-induced PE placental phenotype, primarily through cell damage, shedding, and specific cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Fakhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada; (Y.F.); (S.K.); (Y.B.H.); (K.W.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Saloni Koshti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada; (Y.F.); (S.K.); (Y.B.H.); (K.W.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Yasaman Bahojb Habibyan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada; (Y.F.); (S.K.); (Y.B.H.); (K.W.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Kirsten Webster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada; (Y.F.); (S.K.); (Y.B.H.); (K.W.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Denise G. Hemmings
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada; (Y.F.); (S.K.); (Y.B.H.); (K.W.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(780)-492-2098
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3
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Feng DD, Zheng B, Yu J, Zhang ML, Ma Y, Hao X, Wen JK, Zhang XH. 17β-Estradiol Inhibits Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Upregulating BHLHE40 Expression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:768662. [PMID: 34917665 PMCID: PMC8669345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.768662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intimal hyperplasia is a major complication of restenosis after angioplasty. The abnormal proliferation and oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the basic pathological feature of neointimal hyperplasia. 17β-Estradiol can inhibit VSMCs proliferation and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether and how 17β-Estradiol affects intimal hyperplasia. Methods: The neointima hyperplasia was observed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. The expression of PCNA, cyclin D1, NOX1, NOX4 and p47phox in neointima hyperplasia tissues and VSMCs was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. MTS assay, cell counting and EdU staining were performed to detect cells proliferation. The oxidative stress was assessed by ROS staining. Results: 17β-Estradiol suppressed carotid artery ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia, which is accompanied by an increase of BHLHE40 level. Furthermore, loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that BHLHE40 knockdown promotes, whereas BHLHE40 overexpression inhibits TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress. 17β-Estradiol inhibited TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress by promoting BHLHE40 expression, thereby suppressing MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, enforcing the expression of BHLHE40 leads to amelioration of intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that 17β-Estradiol inhibits proliferation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro by promotion of BHLHE40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Feng
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Hao
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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4
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Deng D, Shah K. TRAIL of Hope Meeting Resistance in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:989-1001. [PMID: 32718904 PMCID: PMC7688478 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis selectively via its interaction with the death receptors TRAILR1/DR4 and TRAILR2/DR5 in a wide range of cancers, while sparing normal cells. Despite its tremendous potential for cancer therapeutics, the translation of TRAIL into the clinic has been confounded by TRAIL-resistant cancer populations. We discuss different molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and resistance to TRAIL. We also discuss the successes and failures of recent preclinical and clinical studies of TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and current attempts to overcome TRAIL resistance, and we provide a perspective for improving the prospects of future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Deng
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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5
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Zhu L, Yang P, Zhao Y, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Song R, Zhang J, Liu C, Gao Q, Xu Q, Wei X, Sun HX, Ye B, Wu Y, Zhang N, Lei G, Yu L, Yan J, Diao G, Meng F, Bai C, Mao P, Yu Y, Wang M, Yuan Y, Deng Q, Li Z, Huang Y, Hu G, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu Z, Liu P, Bi Y, Shi Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Wang J, Xu X, Wu G, Wang FS, Gao GF, Liu L, Liu WJ. Single-Cell Sequencing of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Reveals Distinct Immune Response Landscapes of COVID-19 and Influenza Patients. Immunity 2020; 53:685-696.e3. [PMID: 32783921 PMCID: PMC7368915 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a current world-wide public health threat. However, little is known about its hallmarks compared to other infectious diseases. Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both COVID-19- and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients. We observed increase of plasma cells in both COVID-19 and IAV patients and XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and FAS-induced T cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Further analyses revealed distinct signaling pathways activated in COVID-19 (STAT1 and IRF3) versus IAV (STAT3 and NFκB) patients and substantial differences in the expression of key factors. These factors include relatively increase of interleukin (IL)6R and IL6ST expression in COVID-19 patients but similarly increased IL-6 concentrations compared to IAV patients, supporting the clinical observations of increased proinflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients. Thus, we provide the landscape of PBMCs and unveil distinct immune response pathways in COVID-19 and IAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Rui Song
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Qumiao Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Beiwei Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Guanghao Diao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shanxi, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohai Hu
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI-GenoImmune, BGI-Shenzhen, 4300794 Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China.
| | - William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
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6
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Song HT, Cui Y, Zhang LL, Cao G, Li L, Li G, Jia XJ. Ruxolitinib attenuates intimal hyperplasia via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation induced by PDGF-BB in vascular smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104060. [PMID: 32818511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are associated with proliferation and phenotypic switch. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a major initiating factor for proliferative vascular diseases, such as neointimal lesion formation, restenosis after angioplasty, and atherosclerosis. Ruxolitinib, a potent Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor, has been reported to significantly block the proliferation-related signaling pathway of JAK2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and harbor a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activities, including proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, and anti-inflammation. However, the role of ruxolitinib in regulating PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study investigates the role of ruxolitinib in regulating PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, the medial thickness of the carotid artery was evaluated using a mouse carotid ligation model, ruxolitinib was administered orally to the mice every other day, and the mice were euthanized on day 28 to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ruxolitinib. Cell proliferation markers were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. In vitro, VSMCs were treated with ruxolitinib with or without PDGF-BB at an indicated time and concentration. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, MTS assays and flow cytometry. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway involved in the effects of ruxolitinib on VSMCs was detected by western blotting with the specific pathway inhibitor AG490. RESULTS In vivo, ruxolitinib significantly decreased the ratio-of-intima ratio (I/M ratio) by inhibiting the expression of PCNA and cyclinD1 (p <0.05). In vitro, ruxolitinib inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation compared with the PDGF-BB treatment group (p <0.05). In addition, ruxolitinib inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and decreased the expression of proliferation related-proteins cyclinD1 and PCNA in VSMCs (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ruxolitinib inhibits VSMC proliferation in vivo and in vitro by suppressing the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, ruxolitinib has a therapeutic potential for proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Administrative Office, District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jizhou, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Ju Jia
- Department of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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7
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Qin Y, Zheng B, Yang GS, Zhou J, Yang HJ, Nie ZY, Wang TR, Zhang XH, Zhao HY, Shi JH, Wen JK. Tanshinone ⅡA inhibits VSMC inflammation and proliferation in vivo and in vitro by downregulating miR-712-5p expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173140. [PMID: 32387370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the basic pathological feature of proliferative vascular diseases. Tanshinone ⅡA (Tan ⅡA), which is the most abundant fat-soluble element extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has potent protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we show that Tan ⅡA significantly inhibits neointimal formation and decreases VSMC inflammation by upregulating the expression of KLF4 and inhibiting the activation of NFκB signaling. Using a microRNA array analysis, we found that miR-712-5p expression is significantly upregulated in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-treated VSMCs. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that transfection of miR-712-5p mimic promotes, whereas depletion of miR-712-5p suppresses TNF-α-induced VSMC inflammation, leading to amelioration of intimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation. Moreover, depletion of miR-712-5p by its antagomir largely abrogates TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation. Our findings suggest that miR-712-5p mediates the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on VSMC inflammation, and that Tan ⅡA inhibits VSMC inflammation and proliferation in vivo and in vitro by suppression of miR-712-5p expression. Targeting miR-712-5p may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gao-Shan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao-Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Nie
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tian-Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Hong Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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8
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Elmallah MIY, Micheau O. Epigenetic Regulation of TRAIL Signaling: Implication for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060850. [PMID: 31248188 PMCID: PMC6627638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of carcinogenesis relies on genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic changes in histone and non-histone proteins. At the chromatin level, gene expression is tightly controlled by DNA methyl transferases, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and acetyl-binding proteins. In particular, the expression level and function of several tumor suppressor genes, or oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53 or TRAIL, have been found to be regulated by acetylation. For example, HATs are a group of enzymes, which are responsible for the acetylation of histone proteins, resulting in chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation, whereas HDACs by deacetylating histones lead to chromatin compaction and the subsequent transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Direct acetylation of suppressor genes or oncogenes can affect their stability or function. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have thus been developed as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. While these inhibitors display anticancer properties in preclinical models, and despite the fact that some of them have been approved by the FDA, HDACi still have limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical terms. Nonetheless, combined with a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse chemical compounds or immune therapies, HDACi have been reported to work in synergy to induce tumor regression. In this review, the role of HDACs in cancer etiology and recent advances in the development of HDACi will be presented and put into perspective as potential drugs synergizing with TRAIL's pro-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Y Elmallah
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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9
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Zhao XS, Zheng B, Wen Y, Sun Y, Wen JK, Zhang XH. Salvianolic acid B inhibits Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation in vitro and intimal hyperplasia in vivo by downregulating miR-146a expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152754. [PMID: 31009837 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza that has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years in China, exerts cardiovascular protection by multiple mechanisms. miR-146a is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation and proliferation. However, it has yet to be investigated whether the cardiovascular protective effect of Sal B is mediated by miR-146a. PURPOSE To determine the relationship among the cardiovascular protective effect of Sal B, miR-146a expression, and VSMC proliferation. METHODS MTS assay and cell counting were performed to evaluate the effect of Ang II, Sal B and miR-146a on VSMC proliferation. The neointima hyperplasia was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-146a, KLF5, cyclin D1 and PCNA. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of KLF5, cyclin D1 and PCNA after miR-20b-5p was knocked down or overexpressed in VSMC. RESULTS Sal B suppressed intimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation and decreased Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation by down-regulating the positive cell-cycle regulators KLF5 and cyclin D1. Further experiments showed that VSMC proliferation and upregulation of KLF5 and cyclin D1 induced by Ang II were accompanied by elevated miR-146a level. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-146a promoted and knockdown of miR-146a reduced Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation and ameliorated intimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation. Sal B inhibited Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation by suppressing miR-146a expression. CONCLUSION Sal B inhibited Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation in vitro and intimal hyperplasia in vivo by downregulating miR-146a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Shan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory for Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China.
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10
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Zhang F, Chen D, Yang W, Duan S, Chen Y. Combined effects of XAF1 and TRAIL on the apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4663-4669. [PMID: 31086598 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on the apoptosis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Recombinant lentiviral vector of Ad5/F35-XAF1 and controlled lentiviral vector of Ad5/F35-Null were transfected into A549 cells at same multiplicity of infection (MOI), respectively. Based on whether recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) was added or not, cells were divided into different groups as follows: XAF1 group, XAF1 + TRAIL group, XAF1-Null group, and XAF1-Null + TRAIL group. Following culturing for 48 h, the mRNA and protein expression levels of related genes were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses, respectively. Cell proliferationand cell apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, respectively. Xenograft mice models were established with A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and treated with recombinant virus Ad5/F35-XAF1 and controlled virus Ad5/F35-Null for immunohistochemical analysis. Expression levels of XAFl at the mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the XAF1 group and XAF1 + TRAIL groups when compared with the levels in the other groups (P<0.05). Cleavage of apoptosis-associated proteins, poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspase-3, was noted in the XAF1 + TRAIL group, whereas they were not detected in other groups. Apoptosis rates of A549 cells in the XAF1, Null + TRAIL and XAFl + TRAIL groups were significantly higher than those in the NOR and Null groups (P<0.05). Apoptotic rates were highest in the XAF1 + TRAIL group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combined use of XAF1 and TRAIL may synergistically induce the apoptosis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Donglai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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11
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Zhu C, Li B, Frontzek K, Liu Y, Aguzzi A. SARM1 deficiency up-regulates XAF1, promotes neuronal apoptosis, and accelerates prion disease. J Exp Med 2019; 216:743-756. [PMID: 30842236 PMCID: PMC6446871 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Zhu et al. show that SARM1 deficiency selectively up-regulates XAF1 expression, which, in turn, promotes prion-induced neuronal death and accelerates prion progression. This study reveals a novel link between SARM1, XAF1, and associated neuronal apoptosis in prion disease. SARM1 (sterile α and HEAT/armadillo motif–containing protein) is a member of the MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88) family, which mediates innate immune responses. Because inactivation of SARM1 prevents various forms of axonal degeneration, we tested whether it might protect against prion-induced neurotoxicity. Instead, we found that SARM1 deficiency exacerbates the progression of prion pathogenesis. This deleterious effect was not due to SARM1-dependent modulation of prion-induced neuroinflammation, since microglial activation, astrogliosis, and brain cytokine profiles were not altered by SARM1 deficiency. Whole-transcriptome analyses indicated that SARM1 deficiency led to strong, selective overexpression of the pro-apoptotic gene XAF1 (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1). Consequently, the activity of pro-apoptotic caspases and neuronal death were enhanced in prion-infected SARM1−/− mice. These results point to an unexpected function of SARM1 as a regulator of prion-induced neurodegeneration and suggest that XAF1 might constitute a therapeutic target in prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Zhu
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Jiang X, Yin L, Zhang N, Han F, Liu WB, Zhang X, Chen HQ, Cao J, Liu JY. Bisphenol A induced male germ cell apoptosis via IFNβ-XAF1-XIAP pathway in adult mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:247-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Park GB, Jeong JY, Kim D. Ampelopsin-induced reactive oxygen species enhance the apoptosis of colon cancer cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated AMPK/MAPK/XAF1 signaling. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7947-7956. [PMID: 29250183 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsin (Amp) is bioactive natural product and exerts anti-cancer effects against several cancer types. The present study investigated the anti-colon cancer activity of Amp and explored its mechanism of action. The treatment of colon cancer cells with Amp resulted in the dose- and time-dependent induction of apoptosis via the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Salubrinal, an ER stress inhibitor, prevented the upregulation of ER stress-associated proteins, including phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, glucose-regulated protein 78, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, as well as suppressing AMPK activation and the MAPK signaling pathway. Knockdown of AMPK by RNA interference failed to block ER stress. Additionally, SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38-MAPK inhibitor) effectively inhibited apoptosis and attenuated the expression of X-linked IAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) and apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 and BCL2-associated X protein) in Amp-treated colon cancer cells. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated ER stress/AMPK apoptotic signaling pathway in Amp-treated colon cancer cells were markedly inhibited by treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger. These results demonstrate that treatment with Amp induces the apoptotic death of colon cancer cells through ER stress-initiated AMPK/MAPK/XAF1 signaling. These results also provide experimental information for developing Amp as therapeutic drug against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Bin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sjaarda CP, Hecht P, McNaughton AJM, Zhou A, Hudson ML, Will MJ, Smith G, Ayub M, Liang P, Chen N, Beversdorf D, Liu X. Interplay between maternal Slc6a4 mutation and prenatal stress: a possible mechanism for autistic behavior development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8735. [PMID: 28821725 PMCID: PMC5562880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The low activity allele of the maternal polymorphism, 5HTTLPR, in the serotonin transporter, SLC6A4, coupled with prenatal stress is reported to increase the risk for children to develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Similarly, maternal Slc6a4 knock-out and prenatal stress in rodents results in offspring demonstrating ASD-like characteristics. The present study uses an integrative genomics approach to explore mechanistic changes in early brain development in mouse embryos exposed to this maternal gene-environment phenomenon. Restraint stress was applied to pregnant Slc6a4 +/+ and Slc6a4 +/- mice and post-stress embryonic brains were assessed for whole genome level profiling of methylome, transcriptome and miRNA using Next Generation Sequencing. Embryos of stressed Slc6a4 +/+ dams exhibited significantly altered methylation profiles and differential expression of 157 miRNAs and 1009 genes affecting neuron development and cellular adhesion pathways, which may function as a coping mechanism to prenatal stress. In striking contrast, the response of embryos of stressed Slc6a4 +/- dams was found to be attenuated, shown by significantly reduced numbers of differentially expressed genes (458) and miRNA (0) and genome hypermethylation. This attenuated response may pose increased risks on typical brain development resulting in development of ASD-like characteristics in offspring of mothers with deficits in serotonin related pathways during stressful pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin P Sjaarda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (QGLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy J M McNaughton
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (QGLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrina Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (QGLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa L Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (QGLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matt J Will
- Psychological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Garth Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Child Development Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nansheng Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Beversdorf
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Neurology, and Psychological Sciences, and the Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, and William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. .,Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (QGLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Li L, Hou A, Gao X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang J, Li H, Song Y. Lentivirus-mediated miR-23a overexpression induces trophoblast cell apoptosis through inhibiting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:412-417. [PMID: 28772220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder representing a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in PE. However, the precise role of miRNAs in PE remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-23a and the underlying mechanism in regulating trophoblast cell apoptosis. We found a significant increase of miR-23a expression in placental tissues from PE patients. Lentivirus-mediated miR-23a overexpression significantly induced apoptosis in trophoblast cells in vitro. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) was identified as a target gene of miR-23a by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-23a significantly inhibited XIAP expression. Knockdown of XIAP also induced trophoblast cell apoptosis. Moreover, restoration of XIAP expression significantly abolished the miR-23 overexpression-induced trophoblast cell apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-23a induces trophoblast cell apoptosis by inhibiting XIAP, which may contribute to PE. Our findings provide novel insights into understanding the pathogenesis of PE and suggest a potential therapeutic target in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Aiqin Hou
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China.
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China; The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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16
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Schluckebier L, Aran V, De Moraes J, Paiva H, Sternberg C, Ferreira CG. XAF1 expression levels in a non-small cell lung cancer cohort and its potential association with carcinogenesis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:402-410. [PMID: 28560416 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of lung carcinogenesis is still not well understood and involves different levels of regulation of several genes. The search for molecular biomarkers, which can be applicable to clinical practice, has been the focus of various studies. XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) was previously shown to be downregulated in many types of tumors, including squamous cell lung cancer. XAF1 is a pro-apoptotic protein and its restoration was found to sensitize cancer cells to apoptotic stimuli; however, the precise mechanism involved in the downregulation of XAF1 in tumors is unknown and promoter hypermethylation or heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) may be involved. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of XAF1 in tumors and adjacent non-tumor specimens from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and its potential association with various factors including clinicopathological characteristics and other genes involved in NSCLC. Our results indicated that XAF1 expression was markedly altered in NSCLC tumor samples when compared to that found in normal lung tissues. Predominantly, XAF1 was downregulated in the tumors, except in never-smoker patients. In addition, XAF1 may also be important in the whole cell stress mechanism where the p53 status is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Schluckebier
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joyce De Moraes
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Paiva
- Pathology Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Sternberg
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gil Ferreira
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Nadhan R, Vaman JV, C N, Kumar Sengodan S, Krishnakumar Hemalatha S, Rajan A, Varghese GR, Rl N, Bv AK, Thankappan R, Srinivas P. Insights into dovetailing GTD and Cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 114:77-90. [PMID: 28477749 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) encompass a group of placental tumors which mostly arise due to certain fertilization defects, resulting in the over-proliferation of trophoblasts. The major characteristic of this diseased state is that β-hCG rises up manifold than that is observed during pregnancy. The incidence of GTD when analyzed on a global scale, figures out that there is a greater risk in South-East Asia, the reason of which remains unclear. An insight into any possible correlation of GTD incidence with cancers, other than choriocarcinoma, is being attempted here. Also, we review the recent developments in research on the molecular etiopathology of GTD. This review would render a wider eye towards a new paradigm of thoughts to connect GTD and breast cancer, which has not been into the picture till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jayashree V Vaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nirmala C
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, T D Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sengodan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Arathi Rajan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Geetu Rose Varghese
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Neetha Rl
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Amritha Krishna Bv
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ratheeshkumar Thankappan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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18
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Derakhshan A, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Therapeutic Small Molecules Target Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Cancers with Deregulation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cell Death Pathways. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1379-1387. [PMID: 28039268 PMCID: PMC5354945 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has unveiled genomic deregulation of various components of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in different types of cancers. Such alterations are particularly common in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which frequently display amplification and overexpression of the Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) that complex with members of the TNF receptor family. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics, modeled after the endogenous IAP antagonist SMAC, and IAP inhibitors represent important classes of novel small molecules currently in phase I/II clinical trials. Here we review the physiologic roles of IAPs, FADD, and other components involved in cell death, cell survival, and NF-κB signaling pathways in cancers, including HNSCC. We summarize the results of targeting IAPs in preclinical models of HNSCC using SMAC mimetics. Synergistic activity of SMAC mimetics together with death agonists TNFα or TRAIL occurred in vitro, whereas their antitumor effects were augmented when combined with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents that induce TNFα in vivo In addition, clinical trials testing SMAC mimetics as single agents or together with chemo- or radiation therapies in patients with HNSCC and solid tumors are summarized. As we achieve a deeper understanding of the genomic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying deregulated death and survival pathways in different cancers, the role of SMAC mimetics and IAP inhibitors in cancer treatment will be elucidated. Such developments could enhance precision therapeutics and improve outcomes for cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1379-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Derakhshan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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19
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Hu J, Gao Z, Wang X, Gu M, Liang Y, Liu X, Hu S, Liu H, Liu W, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals important host factors involved in the high pathogenicity of the H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 206:125-147. [PMID: 28000052 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a pair of H5N1 avian influenza viruses which are genetically similar but differ greatly in their virulence in mice. A/Chicken/Jiangsu/k0402/2010 (CK10) is highly lethal to mice, whereas A/Goose/Jiangsu/k0403/2010 (GS10) is avirulent. In this study, to investigate the host factors that account for their virulence discrepancy, we compared the pathology and host proteome of the CK10- or GS10-infected mouse lung. Moderate lung injury was observed from CK10-infected animals as early as the first day of infection, and the pathology steadily progressed at later time point. However, only mild lesions were observed in GS10-infected mouse lung at the late infection stage. Using the quantitative iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS method, we first found that more significantly differentially expressed (DE) proteins were stimulated by GS10 compared with CK10. However, bio-function analysis of the DE proteins suggested that CK10 induced much stronger inflammatory response-related functions than GS10. Canonical pathway analysis also demonstrated that CK10 highly activated the "Acute Phase Response Signaling," which results in a wide range of biological activities in response to viral infection, including many inflammatory processes. Further in-depth analysis showed that CK10 exacerbated acute lung injury-associated responses, including inflammatory response, cell death, reactive oxygen species production and complement response. In addition, some of these identified proteins that associated with the lung injury were further confirmed to be regulated in vitro. Therefore, our findings suggest that the early increased lung injury-associated host response induced by CK10 may contribute to the lung pathology and the high virulence of this virus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanyan Liang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huimou Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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20
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Ma D, Zhang RN, Wen Y, Yin WN, Bai D, Zheng GY, Li JS, Zheng B, Wen JK. 1, 25(OH) 2D 3-induced interaction of vitamin D receptor with p50 subunit of NF-κB suppresses the interaction between KLF5 and p50, contributing to inhibition of LPS-induced macrophage proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:366-374. [PMID: 27856242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
KLF5 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) regulate cell proliferation and inflammation. Vitamin D signaling through vitamin D receptor (VDR) exerts anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions. However, an actual relationship between KLF5, NF-κB and VDR in the inflammation and proliferation of macrophages is still unclear. Here, we showed that LPS and proinflammatory cytokines stimulate KLF5 gene expression in macrophages, and that 1, 25(OH)2D3 suppresses LPS-induced KLF5 expression and cell proliferation via upregulation of VDR expression. Mechanistic studies suggested that KLF5 interacts with p50 subunit of NF-κB to cooperatively induce the expressions of positive cell cycle regulators cyclin B1 and Cdk1/Cdc2 in LPS-treated macrophages. Further studies revealed that 1, 25(OH)2D3-induced interaction of VDR with p50 decreases LPS-induced interaction of KLF5 with p50. Collectively, we identify a novel regulatory pathway in which 1, 25(OH)2D3 induces VDR expression and promotes VDR interaction with p50 subunit of NF-κB, which in turn attenuates the association of KLF5 with p50 subunit of NF-κB and thus exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, PR China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Handan First Hospital, 056000, PR China
| | - Disi Bai
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, PR China
| | - Guo-Ying Zheng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, PR China
| | - Jin-Shui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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21
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Lin B, Xu D, Leaman DW. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 regulates TNF receptor 1 complex stability. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4381-4392. [PMID: 27768232 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a cytokine-regulated, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) domain-containing protein that has a poorly defined cellular function. Here, we show that ectopically expressed XAF1 inhibits TNF-ɑ-induced NF-κB activation, whereas shRNA silencing of endogenous XAF1 augments it. Our data suggest that XAF1 may inhibit TNF-ɑ-induced NF-κB activation by disrupting the assembly of the TRADD/TRAF2/RIP1 complex (complex I) downstream of TNF receptor activation. XAF1 interacts with TRAF2 and inhibits TRAF2-dependent NF-κB activation, in part, by blocking TRAF2 polyubiquitination. Our findings also indicate that although XAF1 does not directly inhibit RIP1-dependent NF-κB activation, it binds RIP1 and disrupts RIP1/TRADD association. Our data suggest that XAF1 acts as a feedback regulator of the TNF receptor signaling pathway to suppress NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boren Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Douglas W Leaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, OH, USA
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22
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Lakota J. Molecular mechanism of ischemia - Reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction and its possible targeted treatment. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:571-2. [PMID: 27390990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lakota
- Cancer Research Institute BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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23
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Chung YH, Kim D. RIP kinase-mediated ROS production triggers XAF1 expression through activation of TAp73 in casticin-treated bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1135-42. [PMID: 27349281 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family protein p73 plays an important role in apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Transcriptionally active (TA) p73 (TAp73) substitutes for p53 in the response to stress. XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a novel predictive and prognostic factor in patients with bladder cancer, but the association between TAp73 and XAF1 expression in bladder cancer cells is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the status of TAp73 and XAF1 in T24 bladder cancer cells to identify molecular mechanisms in casticin‑exposed T24 cells. Casticin induced activation of JNK/p38 MAPK that preceded activation of the caspase cascade and disruption of the mitochondria membrane potential (∆ψm). Expression of XAF1 and TAp73 was also upregulated in casticin-treated T24 cells. Casticin treatment of T24 cells induced receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase expression and increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Casticin-mediated ROS induced an increase in phosphorylated JNK/p38 MAPK, resulting in progressive upregulation of TAp73, which in turn led to XAF1 expression. Our data suggest that the apoptotic activity of casticin in T24 cells is mediated by activation of the TAp73-XAF1 signaling pathway through RIP kinase-mediated ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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24
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Salah FS, Ebbinghaus M, Muley VY, Zhou Z, Al-Saadi KRD, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, O'Sullivan GA, Betz H, König R, Wang ZQ, Bräuer R, Petersen I. Tumor suppression in mice lacking GABARAP, an Atg8/LC3 family member implicated in autophagy, is associated with alterations in cytokine secretion and cell death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2205. [PMID: 27124579 PMCID: PMC4855672 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
GABARAP belongs to an evolutionary highly conserved gene family that has a fundamental role in autophagy. There is ample evidence for a crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis as well as the immune response. However, the molecular details for these interactions are not fully characterized. Here, we report that the ablation of murine GABARAP, a member of the Atg8/LC3 family that is central to autophagosome formation, suppresses the incidence of tumor formation mediated by the carcinogen DMBA and results in an enhancement of the immune response through increased secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2 and IFN-γ from stimulated macrophages and lymphocytes. In contrast, TGF-β1 was significantly reduced in the serum of these knockout mice. Further, DMBA treatment of these GABARAP knockout mice reduced the cellularity of the spleen and the growth of mammary glands through the induction of apoptosis. Gene expression profiling of mammary glands revealed significantly elevated levels of Xaf1, an apoptotic inducer and tumor-suppressor gene, in knockout mice. Furthermore, DMBA treatment triggered the upregulation of pro-apoptotic (Bid, Apaf1, Bax), cell death (Tnfrsf10b, Ripk1) and cell cycle inhibitor (Cdkn1a, Cdkn2c) genes in the mammary glands. Finally, tumor growth of B16 melanoma cells after subcutaneous inoculation was inhibited in GABARAP-deficient mice. Together, these data provide strong evidence for the involvement of GABARAP in tumorigenesis in vivo by delaying cell death and its associated immune-related response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Salah
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - M Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physiology 1, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Teichgraben 8, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - V Y Muley
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena D-07747, Germany
| | - Z Zhou
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - K R D Al-Saadi
- Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - M Pacyna-Gengelbach
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin D-10098, Germany
| | - G A O'Sullivan
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - H Betz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - R König
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena D-07747, Germany
| | - Z-Q Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - R Bräuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - I Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
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25
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Victoria-Acosta G, Vazquez-Santillan K, Jimenez-Hernandez L, Muñoz-Galindo L, Maldonado V, Martinez-Ruiz GU, Melendez-Zajgla J. Epigenetic silencing of the XAF1 gene is mediated by the loss of CTCF binding. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14838. [PMID: 26443201 PMCID: PMC4595840 DOI: 10.1038/srep14838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
XAF1 is a tumour suppressor gene that compromises cell viability by modulating different cellular events such as mitosis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In cancer, the XAF1 gene is commonly silenced by CpG-dinucleotide hypermethylation of its promoter. DNA demethylating agents induce transcriptional reactivation of XAF1, sensitizing cancer cells to therapy. The molecular mechanisms that mediate promoter CpG methylation have not been previously studied. Here, we demonstrate that CTCF interacts with the XAF1 promoter in vivo in a methylation-sensitive manner. By transgene assays, we demonstrate that CTCF mediates the open-chromatin configuration of the XAF1 promoter, inhibiting both CpG-dinucleotide methylation and repressive histone posttranslational modifications. In addition, the absence of CTCF in the XAF1 promoter inhibits transcriptional activation induced by well-known apoptosis activators. We report for the first time that epigenetic silencing of the XAF1 gene is a consequence of the loss of CTCF binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Victoria-Acosta
- Functional Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Jimenez-Hernandez
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, México
| | - Laura Muñoz-Galindo
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, México
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, México
| | - Gustavo Ulises Martinez-Ruiz
- Functional Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, Mexico.,Unit of Investigative Research on Oncological Disease, Children's Hospital of Mexico "Federico Gomez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, Mexico
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26
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Yang Z, Zheng B, Zhang Y, He M, Zhang XH, Ma D, Zhang RN, Wu XL, Wen JK. miR-155-dependent regulation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (MST2) coordinates inflammation, oxidative stress and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1477-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Ho YY, Baechler EC, Ortmann W, Behrens TW, Graham RR, Bhangale TR, Pan W. Using gene expression to improve the power of genome-wide association analysis. Hum Hered 2014; 78:94-103. [PMID: 25096029 PMCID: PMC4152945 DOI: 10.1159/000362837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have reported susceptible regions in the human genome for many common diseases and traits; however, these loci only explain a minority of trait heritability. To boost the power of a GWA study, substantial research endeavors have been focused on integrating other available genomic information in the analysis. Advances in high through-put technologies have generated a wealth of genomic data and made combining SNP and gene expression data become feasible. RESULTS In this paper, we propose a novel procedure to incorporate gene expression information into GWA analysis. This procedure utilizes weights constructed by gene expression measurements to adjust p values from a GWA analysis. RESULTS from simulation analyses indicate that the proposed procedures may achieve substantial power gains, while controlling family-wise type I error rates at the nominal level. To demonstrate the implementation of our proposed approach, we apply the weight adjustment procedure to a GWA study on serum interferon-regulated chemokine levels in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The study results can provide valuable insights for the functional interpretation of GWA signals. AVAILABILITY The R source code for implementing the proposed weighting procedure is available at http://www.biostat.umn.edu/∼yho/research.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yi Ho
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota
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28
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Arroyo J, Price M, Straszewski-Chavez S, Torry RJ, Mor G, Torry DS. XIAP protein is induced by placenta growth factor (PLGF) and decreased during preeclampsia in trophoblast cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:263-73. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.927540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Admixture fine-mapping in African Americans implicates XAF1 as a possible sarcoidosis risk gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92646. [PMID: 24663488 PMCID: PMC3963923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex, multi-organ granulomatous disease with a likely genetic component. West African ancestry confers a higher risk for sarcoidosis than European ancestry. Admixture mapping provides the most direct method to locate genes that underlie such ethnic variation in disease risk. We sought to identify genetic risk variants within four previously-identified ancestry-associated regions—6p24.3–p12.1, 17p13.3–13.1, 2p13.3–q12.1, and 6q23.3–q25.2—in a sample of 2,727 African Americans. We used logistic regression fit by generalized estimating equations and the MIX score statistic to determine which variants within ancestry-associated regions were associated with risk and responsible for the admixture signal. Fine mapping was performed by imputation, based on a previous genome-wide association study; significant variants were validated by direct genotyping. Within the 6p24.3–p12.1 locus, the most significant ancestry-adjusted SNP was rs74318745 (p = 9.4*10−11), an intronic SNP within the HLA-DRA gene that did not solely explain the admixture signal, indicating the presence of more than a single risk variant within this well-established sarcoidosis risk region. The locus on chromosome 17p13.3–13.1 revealed a novel sarcoidosis risk SNP, rs6502976 (p = 9.5*10−6), within intron 5 of the gene X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Associated Factor 1 (XAF1) that accounted for the majority of the admixture linkage signal. Immunohistochemical expression studies demonstrated lack of expression of XAF1 and a corresponding high level of expression of its downstream target, X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) in sarcoidosis granulomas. In conclusion, ancestry and association fine mapping revealed a novel sarcoidosis susceptibility gene, XAF1, which has not been identified by previous genome-wide association studies. Based on the known biology of the XIAP/XAF1 apoptosis pathway and the differential expression patterns of XAF1 and XIAP in sarcoidosis granulomas, we suggest that this pathway may play a role in the maintenance of sarcoidosis granulomas.
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30
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Apoptosis: the intrinsic pathway. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Park GB, Kim YS, Kim D, Kim S, Lee HK, Cho DH, Lee WJ, Hur DY. Melphalan-induced apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells through upregulation of TAp73 and XAF1 and nuclear import of XPA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:6281-91. [PMID: 24249729 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melphalan (Mel) is widely used to treat patients with hematologic cancer, including multiple myeloma, but its mechanism of action in EBV-transformed B cells is poorly described. In this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which transcriptionally active p73 (TAp73) induces translocation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein-associated factor 1 (XAF1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) during apoptosis caused by Mel treatment. We observed that Mel induced significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent apoptosis, as well as an early phosphorylation of p38 MAPK that preceded expression of the mitochondria membrane potential disruption-related molecules and the cleavage of caspases. In particular, Mel led to upregulation of TAp73, XAF1, and Puma and induced XPA nuclear import and translocation of Bax into mitochondria. Mel-induced apoptosis was inhibited by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger 4-amino-2,4-pyrrolidine-dicarboxylic acid (APDC) and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. We supposed that ROS generation might be the first event in Mel-induced apoptosis, because APDC blocked the increase in ROS, p38 MAPK, and TAp73, but SB203580 did not block ROS generation. Moreover, Mel elicited activation of ATR, and APDC inhibited phosphorylation of ATR but not SB203580. APDC and SB203580 completely blocked XPA and Bax translocation. We conclude that Mel promotes TAp73-mediated XAF1 and Puma expression via ROS generation and ATR/p38 MAPK pathway activation, thereby triggering apoptosis. Our results provide evidence of a novel alternate regulatory mechanism of TAp73 and reveal that Mel may be a therapeutic drug for curing EBV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Bin Park
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
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32
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Aspirin enhances IFN-α-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:366-74. [PMID: 23703473 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STAT1 has a key role in exerting the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of interferon (IFN)-α on tumors, and its defects in expression is associated with IFN-α resistance. In this study we want to investigate whether aspirin can improve the antitumor efficiency of IFN-α on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through the activation of STAT1. We found that aspirin not only significantly enhanced IFN-α-induced antiproliferation and apoptosis of HCC in vitro study but also enhanced tumor growth inhibition in nude mice. Although IFN-α alone resulted in significant phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT3, aspirin only prompted the IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of STAT1. Further study revealed that aspirin-prompted phosphorylation of STAT1 was activated through phosphorylation of JAK1. Furthermore, aspirin-activated STAT1 upregulated the transcription of proapoptotic IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor-1 and downregulated the transcription of antiapoptotic ISG of G1P3, which in turn promoted the expression of Bax and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, thereby sensitizing HCC cells to IFN-α-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel strategy of using aspirin to overcome tumor resistance and enhance the effectiveness of IFN-α in HCC treatment through activating STAT1 gene, and have potential implications for improving future IFN-α protein and gene therapy.
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33
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Park GB, Choi Y, Kim YS, Lee HK, Kim D, Hur DY. ROS and ERK1/2-mediated caspase-9 activation increases XAF1 expression in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:29-38. [PMID: 23685456 PMCID: PMC3742161 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits the growth of diverse types of cancer cells and is utilized clinically for the therapy of hematological malignancies. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of Dex action in the apoptosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells. We showed that Dex inhibited the proliferation of EBV-transformed B cells and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-9, -3 and -8. While activation of caspase-9 was triggered as early as 2 h after Dex treatment, cleavage of caspase-8 was deferred and was found 8 h after the exposure. Dex-dependent activation of caspase-8 was blocked by the specific caspase-9 inhibitor, z-LEHD-fmk. Moreover, Dex significantly increased the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) and induced the translocation of XAF1 into the cytosol. Cytosolic XAF1 with Puma induced the translocation of Bax into mitochondria. Dex led to up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after the exposure. We speculated that ROS generation might be the first event of Dex-induced apoptosis because ROS inhibitor NAC abrogated ROS production and ERK1/2 activation, but PD98059 did not block ROS production. NAC and PD98059 also suppressed the translocation of XAF1, Puma and Bax into mitochondria. These results demonstrated that Dex-mediated activation of caspase-9 via ROS generation and ERK1/2 pathway activation resulted in the activation of caspase-8 and the increment of XAF1, thereby induced apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells. These findings suggest that Dex constitutes a probable therapy for EBV-associated hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Bin Park
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
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Lin Y, Li W. Assessment of XAF1 as A Biomarker to Differentiate Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Nonneoplastic Liver Tissues. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 24:201-6. [PMID: 23358741 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-012-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) expression has been shown to be related with apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the correlation of XAF1 expression with HCC tumor grade has not been intensively assessed. XIAP-associated factor-1 (XAF1) is an important apoptosis inducer in human HCC. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between XAF1 expression and HCC histopathological grades. METHODS The mRNA levels of XAF1 in 24 paired HCC-nonneoplastic specimens were quantified by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Protein levels of XAF1 in 110 paired HCC-noncancer tissues were investigated by immunostaining specimens on a tissue microarray (TMA). Correlations between XAF1 mRNA levels or protein expression and clinicopathological features were assessed by statistical analysis. RESULTS Both XAF1 mRNA and protein were significantly under-expressed in HCC tissues compared to their non-neoplastic counterparts. No significant relationship was found between XAF1 mRNA or protein expression and histological tumor grade. CONCLUSION All these data suggest that XAF1 is a potential biomarker for differentiating HCC with noncancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Long X, Li Y, Qi Y, Xu J, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zhang L, Huang J. XAF1 contributes to dengue virus-induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. FASEB J 2012. [PMID: 23207547 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-213967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of vascular leakage in severe dengue infection remains unclear. Here, we used primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the EA.hy926 cell line to study the molecular events that occur after dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) infection. DENV2-induced apoptosis was confirmed using nuclear staining, TUNEL assay, and electron microscopy. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed using a microarray of DENV2-infected HUVECs. Notably, interferon-inducible genes were differentially expressed after DENV2 infection. Prominent among these genes was the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1; up-regulated 1.2-fold in the microarray analysis and ∼8-fold by qRT-PCR after DENV2 infection). XAF1 protein levels were up-regulated after DENV2 infection in both HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells. Evidence indicated interaction between XAF1 and XIAP during DENV2 infection based on their cellular localization, as observed by confocal microscopy and the coimmunoprecipitation of XIAP with an anti-XAF1 antibody. Next, recombinant EA.hy926 cell lines in which XAF1 was either knocked down or overexpressed were constructed. The expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were down-regulated in the XAF1 knockdown (24-48 h postinfection) but were up-regulated in XAF1 overexpressing cells (36 h postinfection). This is the first study of the role of XAF1 in promoting apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells after DENV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigui Long
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Treeck O, Belgutay D, Häring J, Schüler S, Lattrich C, Ortmann O. Network analysis of icb-1 gene function in human breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2979-88. [PMID: 22565810 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Icb-1 is a human gene previously described by our group to exert important functions in cancer cells of different origin. We now performed microarray-based gene expression profiling with subsequent network modeling to further elucidate the role of icb-1 in breast cancer cells. Analyzing the effect of icb-1 knockdown on the transcriptome of MCF-7 cells, we found 151 differentially expressed genes exhibiting more than twofold changes, 97 of which were up- and 54 downregulated. Most of the upregulated genes were cancer-related genes associated with poor prognosis, invasion and metastasis, building an oncogenic network of TNF target genes. On the other hand, network analysis identified the downregulated genes to be primarily involved in interferon signaling and cellular apoptosis. Confirming these network data, we observed that cells with reduced levels of icb-1 exhibited an impaired response to the apoptosis inducers tamoxifen, staurosporine, actinomycin, and camptothecin. The data of this study suggest that icb-1 might exert a tumor-suppressor function in breast cancer and that its loss might confer relative resistance of breast cancer cells to apoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Tse MK, Cho CK, Wong WF, Zou B, Hui SK, Wong BCY, Sze KH. Domain organization of XAF1 and the identification and characterization of XIAP(RING) -binding domain of XAF1. Protein Sci 2012; 21:1418-28. [PMID: 22811387 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) has been implicated as a novel tumor suppressor, which was proposed to exert pro-apoptotic effect by antagonizing the anticaspase activity of XIAP. Here, we delineated the domain architecture of XAF1 by applying limited proteolysis and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. Our results indicated that XAF1 has a distinct domain organization, with a highly compact N-terminal domain (XAF1(NTD) ) followed by a middle domain (XAF1(MD) ), a 42-residue unstructured linker and a C-terminal domain (XAF1(CTD) ). The search of XIAP binding region within XAF1 revealed that a modest affinity XIAP(RING) binding site (dissociation constant, K(d) , ∼18 μM) is located at the C-terminal portion of XAF1. This C-terminal region, embracing XAF1(CTD) and a flexible tail at C-terminus (residue Thr251-Ser301), is functionally identified as XIAP(RING) -binding domain of XAF1 (XAF1(RBD) ) in the present study. We have also mapped the interaction sites for XAF1(RBD) on XIAP(RING) by using NMR spectroscopy. By applying in vitro ubiquitination assay, we observed that XAF1(RBD) /XIAP interaction is essential for the ubiquitination of GST-XAF1(RBD) fusion protein. In addition, the C-terminal XAF1 fragment harboring XAF1(RBD) was found to be substantially ubiquitinated by XIAP(RING) . Base on these observations, we speculate a possible role of XAF1(RBD) in targeting XAF1 for XIAP-mediated ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Kit Tse
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Mao H, Hao Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Shen L, Huang S, Liu P. Association of expression of XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) with clinicopathologic factors, overall survival, microvessel density and cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 178:36-42. [PMID: 22759793 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) was identified as a novel X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) binding partner that can reverse the anti-apoptotic effect of XIAP. XAF1 levels are greatly decreased in many cancer tissues and cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of XAF1 and XIAP in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and role of XAF1 in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Tissues from 94 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 30 ovarian cystadenomas were obtained. We analyzed the association of the immunohistochemical-determined expression of these two factors and clinicopathologic variables, overall survival, and angiogenesis. We established SKOV3 cells stably overexpressing XAF1 and explored the possible functions of XAF1 in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The protein expression of XAF1 was significantly lower and that of XIAP higher in malignant than nonmalignant tissues. Low XAF1 expression was associated with high-grade tumors and poor overall survival for patients. XAF1 expression was associated with microvessel density. Overexpression of XAF1 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced SKOV3 cells sensitivity to cisplatin, as well as inhibited tumor growth and decreased MVD in vivo. Overexpression of XAF1 induced XIAP inactivation, caspase-3 activation and cytosolic expression of cytochrome c. These results suggested that XAF1 may be involved in ovarian cancer development and up-regulation of XAF1 may confer sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-mediated apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cystadenoma/metabolism
- Cystadenoma/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microvessels/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/mortality
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Burden
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- YunXia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Chen XY, He QY, Guo MZ. XAF1 is frequently methylated in human esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2844-9. [PMID: 22719195 PMCID: PMC3374990 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i22.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore epigenetic changes in the gene encoding X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 (XAF1) during esophageal carcinogenesis.
METHODS: Methylation status of XAF1 was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in four esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE30, KYSE70, BIC1 and partially methylated in TE3 cell lines), nine cases of normal mucosa, 72 cases of primary esophageal cancer and matched adjacent tissue. XAF1 expression was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting before and after treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc), a demethylating agent. To investigate the correlation of XAF1 expression and methylation status in primary esophageal cancer, immunohistochemistry for XAF1 expression was performed in 32 cases of esophageal cancer and matched adjacent tissue. The association of methylation status and clinicopathological data was analyzed by logistic regression.
RESULTS: MSP results were as follows: loss of XAF1 expression was found in three of four esophageal cell lines with promoter region hypermethylation (completely methylated in KYSE30, KYSE70 and BIC1 cell lines and partially in TE3 cells); all nine cases of normal esophageal mucosa were unmethylated; and 54/72 (75.00%) samples from patients with esophageal cancer were methylated, and 25/72 (34.70%) matched adjacent tissues were methylated (75.00% vs 34.70%, χ2 = 23.5840, P = 0.000). mRNA level of XAF1 measured with semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was detectable only in TE3 cells, and no expression was detected in KYSE30, KYSE70 or BIC1 cells. Protein expression was not observed in KYSE30 cells by Western blotting before treatment with 5-aza-dc. After treatment, mRNA level of XAF1 was detectable in KYSE30, KYSE70 and BIC1 cells. Protein expression was detected in KYSE30 after treatment with 5-aza-dc. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 32 cases of esophageal cancer and adjacent tissue, and demonstrated XAF1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. XAF1 staining was found in 20/32 samples of adjacent normal tissue but was present in only 8/32 samples of esophageal cancer tissue (χ2= 9.143, P = 0.002). XAF1 expression was decreased in cancer samples compared with adjacent tissues. In 32 cases of esophageal cancer, 24/32 samples were methylated, and 8/32 esophageal cancer tissues were unmethylated. XAF1 staining was found in 6/8 samples of unmethylated esophageal cancer and 2/24 samples of methylated esophageal cancer tissue. XAF1 staining was inversely correlated with XAF1 promoter region methylation (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.004). Regarding methylation status and clinicopathological data, no significant differences were found in sex, age, tumor size, tumor stage, or metastasis with respect to methylation of XAF1 for the 72 tissue samples from patients with esophageal cancer.
CONCLUSION: XAF1 is frequently methylated in esophageal cancer, and XAF1 expression is regulated by promoter region hypermethylation.
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Xing Z, Zhou Z, Yu R, Li S, Li C, Nilsson S, Liu Z. XAF1 expression and regulatory effects of somatostatin on XAF1 in prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:162. [PMID: 21143993 PMCID: PMC3012038 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Somatostatin prevents cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Downregulation of the XAF1 transcript may occur during the development of prostate cancer. It is interesting to evaluate the potential regulatory effects of somatostatin on XAF1 expression during the development of prostate cancer cells. Methods XAF1 mRNA and protein expression in human prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1, androgen dependent prostate cancer LNCaP, and androgen independent DU145 and PC3 cells were evaluated using RT-PCR and Western blot. The regulation of XAF1 mRNA and protein expression by somatostatin and its analogue Octreotide was evaluated. Results Substantial levels of XAF1 mRNA and proteins were detected in RWPE-1 cells, whereas prostate cancer cells LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 exhibited lower XAF1 expression. Somatostatin and Octreotide up-regulated XAF1 mRNA and protein expression in all prostate cancer cell lines. Conclusions XAF1 down-regulation may contribute to the prostate cancer development. The enhanced XAF1 expression by somatostatin indicates a promising strategy for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoquan Xing
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
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Zhang W, Yang Y, Jiang B, Peng J, Tu S, Sardet C, Zhang Y, Pang R, Hung IF, Tan VPY, Lam CSC, Wang J, Wong BC. XIAP-associated factor 1 interacts with and attenuates the trans-activity of four and a Half LIM protein 2. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tu SP, Sun YW, Cui JT, Zou B, Lin MCM, Gu Q, Jiang SH, Kung HF, Korneluk RG, Wong BCY. Tumor suppressor XIAP-Associated factor 1 (XAF1) cooperates with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to suppress colon cancer growth and trigger tumor regression. Cancer 2010; 116:1252-63. [PMID: 20082449 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) antagonizes the anticaspase activity of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known as a potential anticancer agent. In this study, the synergistic effect of XAF1 and TRAIL on colon cancer growth was investigated. METHODS Adeno-XAF1 virus was generated and purified. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow-cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Protein expression of the different genes was determined by Western blot analysis. Tumorigenesis and tumor growth were assessed in subcutaneous nude mouse xenograft experiments. RESULTS Stable overexpression of XAF1-sensitized colon cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis significantly increased the activity of caspase 3, 7, 8, and 9; released cytochrome c; and down-regulated XIAP, survivin, and c-IAP-2. The restoration of XAF1 expression mediated by adenovirus (adeno-XAF1) directly induced apoptosis, and synergized TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Ex vivo transduction of adeno-XAF1 suppressed colon cancer formation in vivo. Furthermore, adeno-XAF1 treatment of mice significantly inhibited tumor growth, strongly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis and antitumor activity in colon cancer xenograft models in vivo, and markedly prolonged the survival. Notably, the combined treatment with adeno-XAF1 and TRAIL completely eradicated the established tumors without detectable toxicity in normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The combined restoration of XAF1 expression and TRAIL treatment may be a potent strategy for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Ping Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Huang J, Yao WY, Zhu Q, Tu SP, Yuan F, Wang HF, Zhang YP, Yuan YZ. XAF1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:559-67. [PMID: 19922503 PMCID: PMC11158990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
XAF1 (X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis [XIAP]-associated factor 1) is a novel XIAP modulator that negatively regulates the anti-apoptotic effects of XIAP and sensitizes cells to other cell death triggers. It has been reported to be downregulated in a variety of human cancer cell lines. However, the role of XAF1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic values of XAF1 expression and its regulation in cancer cell growth and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. From the immunohistochemistry staining of tissue microarray, 40 of 89 (44.9%) pancreatic specimens showed low levels of XAF1 expression. Statistical analysis suggested the downregulation of XAF1 was significantly correlated with tumor staging (P = 0.047) and those patients with low XAF1 levels had shorter survival times (P = 0.0162). Multivariate analysis indicated that XAF1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator of the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer (P = 0.007). Furthermore, we found that restoration of XAF1 expression mediated by Ad5/F35 virus suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accompanied by the activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as increased level of cytochrome c and Bid cleavage. Notably, XAF1 restoration robustly decreased survivin expression rather than XIAP. In addition, in vivo s.c. xenografts from Ad5/F35-XAF1 treatment, which showed less cellular proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, were significantly smaller than those from control groups. Our findings document that XAF1 is a valuable prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer and could be a potential candidate for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Straszewski-Chavez SL, Abrahams VM, Alvero AB, Aldo PB, Ma Y, Guller S, Romero R, Mor G. The isolation and characterization of a novel telomerase immortalized first trimester trophoblast cell line, Swan 71. Placenta 2009; 30:939-48. [PMID: 19766308 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies using first trimester trophoblast cells may be limited by the inability to obtain patient samples and/or adequate cell numbers. First trimester trophoblast cell lines have been generated by SV40 transformation or similar methods, however, this approach is known to induce phenotypic and karyotypic abnormalities. The introduction of telomerase has been proposed to be a viable alternative for the immortalization of primary human cells. To investigate whether telomerase-induced immortalization might be a more feasible approach for the generation of first trimester trophoblast cell lines, we isolated primary trophoblast cells from a 7-week normal placenta and infected the cells with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Although this hTERT-infected first trimester trophoblast cell line, which we have named Swan 71, has been propagated for more than 100 passages, it still has attributes that are characteristic of primary first trimester trophoblast cells. The Swan 71 cells are positive for the expression of cytokeratin 7, vimentin and HLA-G, but do not express CD45, CD68 or the Fibroblast Specific Antigen (FSA), CD90/Thy-1. In addition, we also demonstrated that the Swan 71 cells secrete fetal fibronectin (FFN) as well as low levels of human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG). Moreover, the Swan 71 cells exhibit a cytokine and growth factor profile that is similar to primary trophoblast cells and are resistant to Fas, but not TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. This suggests that the Swan 71 cells may represent a valuable model for future in vitro trophoblast studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Straszewski-Chavez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Straszewski-Chavez SL, Abrahams VM, Aldo PB, Romero R, Mor G. AKT controls human first trimester trophoblast cell sensitivity to FAS-mediated apoptosis by regulating XIAP expression. Biol Reprod 2009; 82:146-52. [PMID: 19726736 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIK3/AKT pathway plays an important role in both the inhibition of the apoptotic cascade and the promotion of cell growth and proliferation. Multiple apoptosis-related targets of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PIK3) and protein kinase B (AKT) have been identified, including the antiapoptotic protein XIAP. By phosphorylating XIAP, AKT was previously shown to prevent the ubiquitinization and degradation of XIAP. First-trimester trophoblast cells express high levels of XIAP, which protects them from certain apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we determine that the inhibition of the PIK3/AKT pathway induces XIAP inactivation and the activation of caspase 3 in first-trimester trophoblast cells. Using a specific AKT inhibitor and a XIAP mutant construct, which mimics the AKT phosphorylated form of XIAP, we also demonstrate that these effects are dependent on the phosphorylation of XIAP by AKT. Finally, we show that the selective inhibition of AKT renders normally resistant first-trimester trophoblast cells sensitive to FAS-mediated apoptosis by regulating XIAP expression. Our findings may provide a link between AKT, XIAP, and the regulation of the FAS apoptotic cascade in first-trimester trophoblast cells and contribute to our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms mediating normal trophoblast physiology during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L Straszewski-Chavez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Abrahams VM. Mechanisms of antiphospholipid antibody-associated pregnancy complications. Thromb Res 2009; 124:521-5. [PMID: 19665761 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at high risk for recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and late pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and preterm labor. Recent clinical and experimental observations suggest that the pathophysiology of pregnancy failure in patients with APS may involve inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface and disruption of normal trophoblast function and survival, rather than a pro-thrombotic event. While treatment with heparin and aspirin from early pregnancy has been shown to significantly increase the live birth rate in recurrent miscarriage patients with APS, the incidence of severe late pregnancy complications still remains high. This review will discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms by which aPL may compromise pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Tu SP, Liston P, Cui JT, Lin MCM, Jiang XH, Yang Y, Gu Q, Jiang SH, Lum CT, Kung HF, Korneluk RG, Wong BCY. Restoration of XAF1 expression induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:688-97. [PMID: 19358264 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
XAF1 (XIAP-associated factor 1) is a novel XIAP binding protein that can antagonize XIAP and sensitize cells to other cell death triggers. Our previous results have shown that aberrant hypermethylation of the CpG sites in XAF1 promoter is strongly associated with lower expression of XAF1 in gastric cancers. In our study, we investigated the effect of restoration of XAF1 expression on growth of gastric cancers. We found that the restoration of XAF1 expression suppressed anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and increased sensitivity to TRAIL and drug-induced apoptosis. Stable cell clones expressing XAF1 exhibited delayed tumor initiation in nude mice. Restoration of XAF1 expression mediated by adenovirus vector greatly increased apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner and sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL and drugs-induced apoptosis. Adeno-XAF1 transduction induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and upregulated the expression of p21 and downregulated the expression of cyclin B1 and cdc2. Notably, adeno-XAF1 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth, strongly enhanced the antitumor activity of TRAIL in a gastric cancer xenograft model in vivo, and significantly prolonged the survival time of animals bearing tumor xenografts. Complete eradication of established tumors was achieved on combined treatment with adeno-XAF1 and TRAIL. Our results document that the restoration of XAF1 inhibits gastric tumorigenesis and tumor growth and that XAF1 is a promising candidate for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Ping Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
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Pinho MB, Costas F, Sellos J, Dienstmann R, Andrade PB, Herchenhorn D, Peixoto FA, Santos VO, Small IA, Guimarães DP, Ferreira CG. XAF1 mRNA expression improves progression-free and overall survival for patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Urol Oncol 2009; 27:382-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koga K, Cardenas I, Aldo P, Abrahams VM, Peng B, Fill S, Romero R, Mor G. Activation of TLR3 in the trophoblast is associated with preterm delivery. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61:196-212. [PMID: 19239422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved sequences on the surface of pathogens and trigger effector cell functions. Previously, we described the expression of TLR3 by human trophoblast and their ability to respond to (Poly[I:C]). Here we evaluate the effect of Poly[I:C] on mouse pregnancy and characterize the local and systemic response. METHOD OF STUDY C57B/6 wild type (wt) and TLR3 knockout (TLR3KO) mice were treated with Poly[I:C] at 16.5 dpc and pregnancy outcome recorded. Morphologic changes, cytokines and chemokines levels in blood and utero-placental tissue were determined. NF-kappaB pathway was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Poly[I:C] in C57B/6 wt mice caused preterm delivery within 24 hr (4.5 mg/kg). No effect was observed in TLR3KO mice. In addition, we observed local (placenta) and systemic (serum) response characterized by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The NF-kappaB pathway was activated by Poly[I:C] in human and mice trophoblast cells. CONCLUSION We report that Poly[I:C] induces preterm delivery via TLR3-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the trophoblast is able to recognize Poly[I:C] through TLR3 and respond to viral infection, modulating the immune system at the feto-maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zou B, Jiang B, Pang R, Gu Q, Qiao L, Lan H, Kung HF, Wong BCY. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) upregulates XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) through interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in gastrointestinal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:222-9. [PMID: 19056926 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a tumor suppressor that can sensitize cancer cell to apoptosis. Intrinsic expression of XAF1 in cancer cell is low. Our purpose is to determine the effect of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) on XAF1 expression and the putative mechanism. METHODS XAF1 expression in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cell line AGS and SW1116 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The role of JNK1 was assessed by ectopic overexpression with wild-type (JNK1-WT) and dominant-negative (JNK1-DN) JNK1 constructs. The effects of JNK1 activator, interferon (IFN)-alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), or JNK1 inhibitor, SP600125, were evaluated. An XAF1 promoter reporter pLUC107 with WT or mutated interferon regulatory factor 1-binding element (IRF-E) was used to assess JNK1-induced transcription by dual luciferase assay. RESULT Ectopic overexpression of JNK1-WT or treatment with IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha and PMA induced whereas SP600125 suppressed intrinsic and induced XAF1 expression. Induction of XAF1 required de novo protein synthesis. Moreover, JNK1 stimulated whereas SP600125 suppressed XAF1 promoter activity. JNK1 stimulated interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) expression, whereas both IRF-1 small-interfering RNA and site mutation of IRF-E within XAF1 promoter abrogated the effect of JNK1. CONCLUSION JNK1 stimulated and mediated the effects of IFN and TNF-alpha on XAF1 expression through transcriptional regulation by induction of IRF-1. The linkage of JNK1, IRF-1 and XAF1 in the same signal pathway may unravel a novel mechanism in regulation of apoptosis and differentiation of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jide Wang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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