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Huang CH, Lin CH, Huang HH, Tsai GJ. Development of Fermented Shrimp Shell Product with Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects on Diabetic Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080695. [PMID: 35893262 PMCID: PMC9332839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, approximately 9.3 billion tons of crustaceans were consumed, and 45–48% of shrimp shell (SS) by-products were discarded as waste. In this study, the SS of Litopenaeus vannamei was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LV33204, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LV2122 (strong proteolytic activity), and Aeromonas dhakensis LV1111 (chitin-degrading activity), and the optimal fermentation conditions of liquid-fermented SS was established. Contents of total peptide, astaxanthin, and total phenolic content of the fermented SS were significantly higher than that of unfermented SS. In the presence of fermented SS, glucose uptake and insulin resistance of TNF-α-stimulated FL83B hepatocytes were markedly improved. Furthermore, daily oral supplement of fermented SS to streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats for 7 weeks significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, ingestion of fermented SS might enhance hepatic catabolism of glucose by increasing hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreasing glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, the fermented SS downregulated plasma total cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver TG, and TC and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, a biorefinery process for waste SS was established through mixed strain fermentation. The in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the fermented SS is a promising functional food for the management of diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Heng Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Han Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Guo-Jane Tsai
- Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Sbuh N, Veedu RN. Antisense Oligonucleotides as Potential Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:39-57. [PMID: 33026966 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from inefficient signaling and insufficient production of insulin. Conventional management of T2D has largely relied on small molecule-based oral hypoglycemic medicines, which do not halt the progression of the disease due to limited efficacy and induce adverse effects as well. To this end, antisense oligonucleotide has attracted immense attention in developing antidiabetic agents because of their ability to downregulate the expression of disease-causing genes at the RNA and protein level. To date, seven antisense agents have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for therapies of a variety of human maladies, including genetic disorders. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of antisense molecules developed for suppressing the causative genes believed to be responsible for insulin resistance and hyperglycemia toward preventing and treating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
| | - Nabayet Sbuh
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
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Huang CH, Lin WK, Chang SH, Tsai GJ. Evaluation of the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged Ganoderma lucidum cultures in type 2 diabetic rats. Mycology 2020; 12:82-93. [PMID: 34026300 PMCID: PMC8128183 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1733119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged Ganoderma lucidum cultures and elucidate the potential mechanisms behind these effects using a type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were daily fed with a high-fat diet supplemented with 1% or 3% freeze-dried whole submerged cultures of G. lucidum or mycelia for 5 weeks. We observed significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels, homoeostasis model assessment equation-insulin resistance, and plasma glucose in oral glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, we observed increased levels of glycogen, hepatic hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and intestinal disaccharidase activities. G. lucidum supplement downregulated the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea nitrogen as well as liver and kidney levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Based on the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of G. lucidum submerged cultures, we recommend the potential application of these products as functional foods or additives for controlling type 2 diabetes. Abbreviations ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; BW: Body weight; CREA: Creatinine; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; G6Pase: Glucose-6-phosphatase; G6PD: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; HOMA-IR: Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; PTP: Protein tyrosine phosphatase; STZ: Streptozotocin; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kang Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Jane Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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4
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Gaudet AD, Fonken LK, Ayala MT, Dangelo HM, Smith EJ, Bateman EM, Schleicher WE, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Dysregulates Diurnal Rhythms of Fecal Output and Liver Metabolic Indicators. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1923-1934. [PMID: 30501584 PMCID: PMC10027348 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) dysregulates metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic homeostasis is optimized across the day by the circadian system. Despite the prevalence of metabolic pathologies after SCI, post-SCI circadian regulation of metabolism remains understudied. Here, we hypothesized that SCI in rats would disrupt circadian regulation of key metabolic organs, leading to metabolic dysregulation. Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats received moderate thoracic (T)-9 contusion SCI (or sham surgery). First, SCI disrupted diurnal rhythms in two metabolic behaviors: fecal production and food intake rhythms were ablated acutely. SCI also expedited whole-gut transit time. In parallel, acute SCI increased plasma glucose. Diurnal glucose storage-release cycles regulated by the liver were disrupted by SCI, which also increased liver glucose metabolism messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Further, SCI disrupted liver clock gene expression and suppressed inflammatory gene rhythms. Together, our novel data suggest that SCI disrupts typical metabolic and circadian function. Improving post-SCI metabolic function could enhance recovery of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Gaudet
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 3 Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura K Fonken
- 5 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Monica T Ayala
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Heather M Dangelo
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Elana J Smith
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Emily M Bateman
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Wolfgang E Schleicher
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Steven F Maier
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Linda R Watkins
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of bile routing modification on the beneficial effects of gastric bypass surgery on glucose and energy metabolism. BACKGROUND Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) promotes early improvements in glucose and energy homeostasis in obese diabetic patients. A suggested mechanism associates a decrease in hepatic glucose production to an enhanced intestinal gluconeogenesis. Moreover, plasma bile acids are elevated after GBP and bile acids are inhibitors of gluconeogenesis. METHODS In male Sprague-Dawley rats, we performed bile diversions from the bile duct to the midjejunum or the mid-ileum to match the modified bile delivery in the gut occurring in GBP. Body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and food preference were analyzed. The expression of gluconeogenesis genes was evaluated in both the liver and the intestine. RESULTS Bile diversions mimicking GBP promote an increase in plasma bile acids and a marked improvement in glucose control. Bile bioavailability modification is causal because a bile acid sequestrant suppresses the beneficial effects of bile diversions on glucose control. In agreement with the inhibitory role of bile acids on gluconeogenesis, bile diversions promote a blunting in hepatic glucose production, whereas intestinal gluconeogenesis is increased in the gut segments devoid of bile. In rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose diet, bile diversions improve glucose control and dramatically decrease food intake because of an acquired disinterest in fatty food. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that bile routing modification is a key mechanistic feature in the beneficial outcomes of GBP.
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Kumashiro N, Beddow SA, Vatner DF, Majumdar SK, Cantley JL, Guebre-Egziabher F, Fat I, Guigni B, Jurczak MJ, Birkenfeld AL, Kahn M, Perler BK, Puchowicz MA, Manchem VP, Bhanot S, Still CD, Gerhard GS, Petersen KF, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Samuel VT. Targeting pyruvate carboxylase reduces gluconeogenesis and adiposity and improves insulin resistance. Diabetes 2013; 62:2183-94. [PMID: 23423574 PMCID: PMC3712050 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured the mRNA and protein expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes in human liver biopsy specimens and found that only hepatic pyruvate carboxylase protein levels related strongly with glycemia. We assessed the role of pyruvate carboxylase in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in rats through a loss-of-function approach using a specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to decrease expression predominantly in liver and adipose tissue. Pyruvate carboxylase ASO reduced plasma glucose concentrations and the rate of endogenous glucose production in vivo. Interestingly, pyruvate carboxylase ASO also reduced adiposity, plasma lipid concentrations, and hepatic steatosis in high fat-fed rats and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. Pyruvate carboxylase ASO had similar effects in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Pyruvate carboxylase ASO did not alter de novo fatty acid synthesis, lipolysis, or hepatocyte fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, the lipid phenotype was attributed to a decrease in hepatic and adipose glycerol synthesis, which is important for fatty acid esterification when dietary fat is in excess. Tissue-specific inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase is a potential therapeutic approach for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kumashiro
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sara A. Beddow
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel F. Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sachin K. Majumdar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer L. Cantley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Ioana Fat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Blas Guigni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J. Jurczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mario Kahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bryce K. Perler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Varman T. Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
- Corresponding author: Varman T. Samuel,
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Vatner DF, Weismann D, Beddow SA, Kumashiro N, Erion DM, Liao XH, Grover GJ, Webb P, Phillips KJ, Weiss RE, Bogan JS, Baxter J, Shulman GI, Samuel VT. Thyroid hormone receptor-β agonists prevent hepatic steatosis in fat-fed rats but impair insulin sensitivity via discrete pathways. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E89-100. [PMID: 23651850 PMCID: PMC3725564 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00573.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver-specific thyroid hormone receptor-β (TRβ)-specific agonists are potent lipid-lowering drugs that also hold promise for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance. We investigated the effect of two TRβ agonists (GC-1 and KB-2115) in high-fat-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 10 days. GC-1 treatment reduced hepatic triglyceride content by 75%, but the rats developed fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, attributable to increased endogenous glucose production (EGP) and diminished hepatic insulin sensitivity. GC-1 also increased white adipose tissue lipolysis; the resulting increase in glycerol flux may have contributed to the increase in EGP. KB-2115, a more TRβ- and liver-specific thyromimetic, also prevented hepatic steatosis but did not induce fasting hyperglycemia, increase basal EGP rate, or diminish hepatic insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly, insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal was diminished because of a decrease in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Skeletal muscle insulin signaling was unaffected. Instead, KB-2115 treatment was associated with a decrease in GLUT4 protein content. Thus, although both GC-1 and KB-2115 potently treat hepatic steatosis in fat-fed rats, they each worsen insulin action via specific and discrete mechanisms. The development of future TRβ agonists must consider the potential adverse effects on insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Du H, Liu L, Wang Y, Nakagawa Y, Lyzlov A, Lutfy K, Friedman TC, Peng X, Liu Y. Specific reduction of G6PT may contribute to downregulation of hepatic 11β-HSD1 in diabetic mice. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 50:167-78. [PMID: 23267038 PMCID: PMC3763023 DOI: 10.1530/jme-12-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pre-receptor activation of glucocorticoids via 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1 (HSD11B1)) has been identified as an important mediator of the metabolic syndrome. Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH) mediates 11β-HSD1 amplifying tissue glucocorticoid production by driving intracellular NADPH exposure to 11β-HSD1 and requires glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT (SLC37A4)) to maintain its activity. However, the potential effects of G6PT on tissue glucocorticoid production in type 2 diabetes and obesity have not yet been defined. Here, we evaluated the possible role of G6PT antisense oligonucleotides (G6PT ASO) in the pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoids as related to glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance by examining the production of 11β-HSD1 and H6PDH in both male db/+ and db/db mouse liver tissue. We observed that G6PT ASO treatment of db/db mice markedly reduced hepatic G6PT mRNA and protein levels and substantially diminished the activation of hepatic 11β-HSD1 and H6PDH. Reduction of G6pt expression was correlated with the suppression of both hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes G6Pase and PEPCK and corresponded to the improvement of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in db/db mice. Addition of G6PT ASO to mouse hepa1-6 cells led to a dose-dependent decrease in 11B-Hsd1 production. Knockdown of G6PT with RNA interference also impaired 11B-Hsd1 expression and showed comparable effects to H6pdh siRNA on silencing of H6pdh and 11B-Hsd1 expression in these intact cells. These findings suggest that G6PT plays an important role in the modulation of pre-receptor activation of glucocorticoids and provides new insights into the role of G6PT in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Du
- Division of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Soty M, Chilloux J, Casteras S, Grichine A, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. New insights into the organisation and intracellular localisation of the two subunits of glucose-6-phosphatase. Biochimie 2012; 94:695-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fasting hyperglycemia is not associated with increased expression of PEPCK or G6Pc in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:12121-6. [PMID: 19587243 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812547106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is attributed to increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, which has been ascribed to increased transcriptional expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic (G6Pc). To test this hypothesis, we examined hepatic expression of these 2 key gluconeogenic enzymes in 2 rodent models of fasting hyperglycemia and in patients with T2DM. In rats, high-fat feeding (HFF) induces insulin resistance but a robust beta-cell response prevents hyperglycemia. Fasting hyperglycemia was induced in the first rat model by using nicotinamide and streptozotocin to prevent beta-cell compensation, in combination with HFF (STZ/HFF). In a second model, control and HFF rats were infused with somatostatin, followed by portal vein infusion of insulin and glucagon. Finally, the expression of these enzymes was measured in liver biopsy samples obtained from insulin sensitive, insulin resistant, and untreated T2DM patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Rats treated with STZ/HFF developed modest fasting hyperglycemia (119 +/- 4 vs. 153 +/- 6 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and increased rates of endogenous glucose production (EGP) (4.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.9 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min, P = 0.02). Surprisingly, the expression of PEPCK or G6Pc was not increased. Matching plasma insulin and glucagon with portal infusions led to higher plasma glucoses in the HFF rats (147 +/- 4 vs. 161 +/- 4 mg/dL, P = 0.05) with higher rates of EGP and gluconeogenesis. However, PEPCK and G6Pc expression remained unchanged. Finally, in patients with T2DM, hepatic expression of PEPCK or G6Pc was not increased. Thus, in contrast to current dogma, these data demonstrate that increased transcriptional expression of PEPCK1 and G6Pc does not account for increased gluconeogenesis and fasting hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM.
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Oliveira DM, Freitas HS, Souza MFF, Arçari DP, Ribeiro ML, Carvalho PO, Bastos DHM. Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extract decreases intestinal SGLT1 gene expression but does not affect other biochemical parameters in alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10527-10532. [PMID: 18942839 DOI: 10.1021/jf8021404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acids. Evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols could play a role in glucose absorption and metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of yerba maté extract in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Animals (n = 41) were divided in four groups: nondiabetic control (NDC, n = 10), nondiabetic yerba maté (NDY, n = 10), diabetic control (DC, n = 11), and diabetic yerba maté (DY, n = 10). The intervention consisted in the administration of yerba maté extract in a 1 g extract/kg body weight dose for 28 days; controls received saline solution only. There were no significant differences in serum glucose, insulin, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity between the groups that ingested yerba maté extract (NDY and DY) and the controls (NDC and DC). However, the intestinal SGLT1 gene expression was significantly lower in animals that received yerba maté both in upper (p = 0.007) and middle (p < 0.001) small intestine. These results indicate that bioactive compounds present in yerba maté might be capable of interfering in glucose absorption, by decreasing SGLT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Oliveira
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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