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Cappellini F, Fania C, Di Simone L, Gaiani F, Giani M, Casati M. Methemoglobinemia after sodium nitrite poisoning: what blood gas analysis tells us (and what it might not). Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:e244-e246. [PMID: 38801650 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Cappellini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, 9265 Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori , Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Fania
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, 9265 Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori , Monza, Italy
| | - Loredana Di Simone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Gaiani
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, 9265 Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori , Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Giani
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, 9265 Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori , Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Casati
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, 9265 Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori , Monza, Italy
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2
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Teofili L, Papacci P, Giannantonio C, Bianchi M, Giovanna Valentini C, Vento G. Allogenic Cord Blood Transfusion in Preterm Infants. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:881-893. [PMID: 37866854 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in preterm neonates cause the progressive displacement of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) by adult hemoglobin. The ensuing increase of oxygen delivery may result at the cellular level in a dangerous condition of hyperoxia, explaining the association between low-HbF levels and retinopathy of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Transfusing preterm neonates with RBC concentrates obtained from allogeneic umbilical blood is a strategy to increase hemoglobin concentration without depleting the physiologic HbF reservoir. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying a plausible beneficial impact of this strategy and reports clinical experience gathered so far in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Teofili
- Transfusion Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Papacci
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Giannantonio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bianchi
- Transfusion Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vento
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
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3
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW. Nitric oxide and thiols: Chemical biology, signalling paradigms and vascular therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16274. [PMID: 37908126 PMCID: PMC11058123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (• NO) interactions with biological thiols play crucial, but incompletely determined, roles in vascular signalling and other biological processes. Here, we highlight two recently proposed signalling paradigms: (1) the formation of a vasodilating labile nitrosyl ferrous haem (NO-ferrohaem) facilitated by thiols via thiyl radical generation and (2) polysulfides/persulfides and their interaction with • NO. We also describe the specific (bio)chemical routes in which • NO and thiols react to form S-nitrosothiols, a broad class of small molecules, and protein post-translational modifications that can influence protein function through catalytic site or allosteric structural changes. S-Nitrosothiol formation depends upon cellular conditions, but critically, an appropriate oxidant for either the thiol (yielding a thiyl radical) or • NO (yielding a nitrosonium [NO+ ]-donating species) is required. We examine the roles of these collective • NO/thiol species in vascular signalling and their cardiovascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Samaja M, Malavalli A, Vandegriff KD. How Nitric Oxide Hindered the Search for Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers as Human Blood Substitutes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14902. [PMID: 37834350 PMCID: PMC10573492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for a clinically affordable substitute of human blood for transfusion is still an unmet need of modern society. More than 50 years of research on acellular hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) have not yet produced a single formulation able to carry oxygen to hemorrhage-challenged tissues without compromising the body's functions. Of the several bottlenecks encountered, the high reactivity of acellular Hb with circulating nitric oxide (NO) is particularly arduous to overcome because of the NO-scavenging effect, which causes life-threatening side effects as vasoconstriction, inflammation, coagulopathies, and redox imbalance. The purpose of this manuscript is not to add a review of candidate HBOC formulations but to focus on the biochemical and physiological events that underly NO scavenging by acellular Hb. To this purpose, we examine the differential chemistry of the reaction of NO with erythrocyte and acellular Hb, the NO signaling paths in physiological and HBOC-challenged situations, and the protein engineering tools that are predicted to modulate the NO-scavenging effect. A better understanding of two mechanisms linked to the NO reactivity of acellular Hb, the nitrosylated Hb and the nitrite reductase hypotheses, may become essential to focus HBOC research toward clinical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20143 Milan, Italy
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5
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Beale AD, Hayter EA, Crosby P, Valekunja UK, Edgar RS, Chesham JE, Maywood ES, Labeed FH, Reddy AB, Wright KP, Lilley KS, Bechtold DA, Hastings MH, O'Neill JS. Mechanisms and physiological function of daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms in red blood cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114164. [PMID: 37554073 PMCID: PMC10548169 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular circadian rhythms confer temporal organisation upon physiology that is fundamental to human health. Rhythms are present in red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant cell type in the body, but their physiological function is poorly understood. Here, we present a novel biochemical assay for haemoglobin (Hb) oxidation status which relies on a redox-sensitive covalent haem-Hb linkage that forms during SDS-mediated cell lysis. Formation of this linkage is lowest when ferrous Hb is oxidised, in the form of ferric metHb. Daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms are observed in mouse and human RBCs cultured in vitro, or taken from humans in vivo, and are unaffected by mutations that affect circadian rhythms in nucleated cells. These rhythms correlate with daily rhythms in core body temperature, with temperature lowest when metHb levels are highest. Raising metHb levels with dietary sodium nitrite can further decrease daytime core body temperature in mice via nitric oxide (NO) signalling. These results extend our molecular understanding of RBC circadian rhythms and suggest they contribute to the regulation of body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward A Hayter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Priya Crosby
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Utham K Valekunja
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Rachel S Edgar
- Department of Infectious DiseasesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Fatima H Labeed
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Sleep and Chronobiology LaboratoryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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6
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Is vitamin C a booster of the effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function? Physiologic rationale and implications for research. Nutrition 2023; 109:111995. [PMID: 36917872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early marker of vascular damage linked to the loss of integrity of the endothelial lining and represents a key step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). ED may be reversible, hence the development and testing of effective early interventions could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-), an inorganic anion that serves as a substrate for the gas transmitter nitric oxide (NO), can lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function and, in observational studies, reduce the risk for CVD. We hypothesize that the co-consumption of NO3- with vitamin C, which is a potent antioxidant, could enhance the "yield" of NO produced from a given NO3- dose byThis could translate into greater NO-dependent effects on endothelial function (EF) and overall vascular health (than may be experienced with NO3- supplementation alone). This review presents evidence to suggest that the combination of vitamin C and dietary nitrate could represent a promising and effective approach to improve EF and reduce CVD risk, and discuss opportunities for future research.
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Taweekarn T, Wongniramaikul W, Boonkanon C, Phatthanawiwat K, Pasitsuparoad P, Ritchie RJ, Choodum A. Griess-doped polyvinyl alcohol thin film for on-site simultaneous sample preparation and nitrite determination of processed meat products. Food Chem 2022; 389:133085. [PMID: 35489258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate on-site nitrite determination for processed meat products, Griess-doped polyvinyl alcohol film was synthesized in the bottom of a plastic tube for in-tube determination. The tube's aperture was used to control the sample dimensions. Each sample, cut into eight sectors, was subjected to nitrite extraction by water. Use of tap water or commercial drinking water vs. ultrapure water was associated with < 2% differences in nitrite levels. The use of film and digital image colorimetry showed a low limit of detection (12.6 ± 0.5 µg L-1), good precision (1.0%RSD, n = 5 days), and good accuracy (93.2 ± 3.5 to 108.5 ± 1.8%recovery). Using these methods, sodium nitrite concentrations in 700 processed meat products for sale in Phuket, Thailand, were found to range from 6.8 ± 0.2 to 113.6 ± 1.3 mg kg-1. These results showed no significant differences with the HPLC standard method (p > 0.05, n = 45).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawee Taweekarn
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Worawit Wongniramaikul
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Chanita Boonkanon
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Kharittha Phatthanawiwat
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Pakorn Pasitsuparoad
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Raymond J Ritchie
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Aree Choodum
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand.
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8
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Electrochemical nitric oxide detection using gold deposited cobalt oxide nanostructures. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Giordano D, Verde C, Corti P. Nitric Oxide Production and Regulation in the Teleost Cardiovascular System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:957. [PMID: 35624821 PMCID: PMC9137985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a free radical with numerous critical signaling roles in vertebrate physiology. Similar to mammals, in the teleost system the generation of sufficient amounts of NO is critical for the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. At the same time, NO amounts are strictly controlled and kept within basal levels to protect cells from NO toxicity. Changes in oxygen tension highly influence NO bioavailability and can modulate the mechanisms involved in maintaining the NO balance. While NO production and signaling appears to have general similarities with mammalian systems, the wide range of environmental adaptations made by fish, particularly with regards to differing oxygen availabilities in aquatic habitats, creates a foundation for a variety of in vivo models characterized by different implications of NO production and signaling. In this review, we present the biology of NO in the teleost cardiovascular system and summarize the mechanisms of NO production and signaling with a special emphasis on the role of globin proteins in NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.G.); (C.V.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.G.); (C.V.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Corti
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Lopes R, Costa M, Ferreira M, Gameiro P, Fernandes S, Catarino C, Santos-Silva A, Paiva-Martins F. Caffeic acid phenolipids in the protection of cell membranes from oxidative injuries. Interaction with the membrane phospholipid bilayer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183727. [PMID: 34400139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) has demonstrated a strong intracellular antioxidant ability by scavenging ROS, contributing to the maintenance of cell membrane structural integrity and to reduce oxidative injuries in other cell components. Nevertheless, caffeic acid has limited usage, due to its hydrophilic character. In this work, the introduction of alkyl chains in the caffeic acid molecule by esterification (methyl - C1, ethyl - C2, butyl - C4, hexyl - C6, octyl - C8 and hexadecyl - C16), significantly increased its lipophilicity. All caffeates tested showed a much higher protective activity than caffeic acid against red blood cells (RBCs) AAPH-induced oxidative stress; this protection was heavily dependent on the length of the alkyl chain of the esters, and on their concentration. At 2.5 and 5 μM, the more lipophilic compounds (C8 and C16) showed a remarkable antioxidant activity, inhibiting hemolysis; probably, their better location within the membrane leads to a better antioxidative protection; however, at 50 μM, the more hydrophilic compounds (C1-C4) showed a better activity against hemolysis than the more lipophilic ones (C8-C16). At this higher concentration, the better interaction of the more lipophilic compounds with the membrane seems to cause changes in RBC membrane fluidity, disturbing membrane integrity. Our data show that the antioxidant activity of these compounds could play an important role for the protection of different tissues and organs, by protecting cell membranes from oxidative injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Lopes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gameiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal.
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Endogenous Hemoprotein-Dependent Signaling Pathways of Nitric Oxide and Nitrite. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15918-15940. [PMID: 34313417 PMCID: PMC9167621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research at the interface of chemistry, physiology, and biomedicine have uncovered pivotal roles of nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule that regulates vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and other pathways relevant to human health and disease. Heme is central to physiological NO signaling, serving as the active site for canonical NO biosynthesis in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and as the highly selective NO binding site in the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor. Outside of the primary NOS-dependent biosynthetic pathway, other hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and myoglobin, generate NO via the reduction of nitrite. This auxiliary hemoprotein reaction unlocks a "second axis" of NO signaling in which nitrite serves as a stable NO reservoir. In this Forum Article, we highlight these NO-dependent physiological pathways and examine complex chemical and biochemical reactions that govern NO and nitrite signaling in vivo. We focus on hemoprotein-dependent reaction pathways that generate and consume NO in the presence of nitrite and consider intermediate nitrogen oxides, including NO2, N2O3, and S-nitrosothiols, that may facilitate nitrite-based signaling in blood vessels and tissues. We also discuss emergent therapeutic strategies that leverage our understanding of these key reaction pathways to target NO signaling and treat a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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12
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Leo F, Suvorava T, Heuser SK, Li J, LoBue A, Barbarino F, Piragine E, Schneckmann R, Hutzler B, Good ME, Fernandez BO, Vornholz L, Rogers S, Doctor A, Grandoch M, Stegbauer J, Weitzberg E, Feelisch M, Lundberg JO, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell and Endothelial eNOS Independently Regulate Circulating Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Blood Pressure. Circulation 2021; 144:870-889. [PMID: 34229449 PMCID: PMC8529898 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current paradigms suggest that nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells (ECs) through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the vessel wall is the primary regulator of blood flow and blood pressure. However, red blood cells (RBCs) also carry a catalytically active eNOS, but its role is controversial and remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of RBC eNOS compared with EC eNOS for vascular hemodynamics and nitric oxide metabolism. METHODS We generated tissue-specific loss- and gain-of-function models for eNOS by using cell-specific Cre-induced gene inactivation or reactivation. We created 2 founder lines carrying a floxed eNOS (eNOSflox/flox) for Cre-inducible knockout (KO), and gene construct with an inactivated floxed/inverted exon (eNOSinv/inv) for a Cre-inducible knock-in (KI), which respectively allow targeted deletion or reactivation of eNOS in erythroid cells (RBC eNOS KO or RBC eNOS KI mice) or in ECs (EC eNOS KO or EC eNOS KI mice). Vascular function, hemodynamics, and nitric oxide metabolism were compared ex vivo and in vivo. RESULTS The EC eNOS KOs exhibited significantly impaired aortic dilatory responses to acetylcholine, loss of flow-mediated dilation, and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RBC eNOS KO mice showed no alterations in acetylcholine-mediated dilation or flow-mediated dilation but were hypertensive. Treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nγ-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester further increased blood pressure in RBC eNOS KOs, demonstrating that eNOS in both ECs and RBCs contributes to blood pressure regulation. Although both EC eNOS KOs and RBC eNOS KOs had lower plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, the levels of bound NO in RBCs were lower in RBC eNOS KOs than in EC eNOS KOs. Reactivation of eNOS in ECs or RBCs rescues the hypertensive phenotype of the eNOSinv/inv mice, whereas the levels of bound NO were restored only in RBC eNOS KI mice. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that eNOS in ECs and RBCs contribute independently to blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K. Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Barbarino
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (R.S., M.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Hutzler
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miranda E. Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (M.E.G., B.E.I.)
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G.)
| | - Bernadette O. Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom (B.O.F.)
| | - Lukas Vornholz
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.R., A.D.)
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.R., A.D.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (R.S., M.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology (J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (R.S., M.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Nephrology (J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (M.K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy (F.P.)
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (M.E.G., B.E.I.)
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G.)
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom (B.O.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.R., A.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (M.E.G., B.E.I.)
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (M.K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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14
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Watanabe M. Evidence for a role of nitric oxide in iron homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:990-1006. [PMID: 33196822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), once regarded as a poisonous air pollutant, is now understood as a regulatory molecule essential for several biological functions in plants. In this review, we summarize NO generation in different plant organs and cellular compartments, and also discuss the role of NO in iron (Fe) homeostasis, particularly in Fe-deficient plants. Fe is one of the most limiting essential nutrient elements for plants. Plants often exhibit Fe deficiency symptoms despite sufficient tissue Fe concentrations. NO appears to not only up-regulate Fe uptake mechanisms but also makes Fe more bioavailable for metabolic functions. NO forms complexes with Fe, which can then be delivered into target cells/tissues. NO generated in plants can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant defense processes, probably by improving functional Fe status and by inducing post-translational modifications in the enzymes/proteins involved in antioxidant defense responses. It is hypothesized that NO acts in cooperation with transcription factors such as bHLHs, FIT, and IRO to regulate the expression of enzymes and proteins essential for Fe homeostasis. However, further investigations are needed to disentangle the interaction of NO with intracellular target molecules that leads to enhanced internal Fe availability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chiba University, Inage-ward, Yayoicho, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Fernandes S, Ribeiro C, Paiva-Martins F, Catarino C, Santos-Silva A. Protective effect of olive oil polyphenol phase II sulfate conjugates on erythrocyte oxidative-induced hemolysis. Food Funct 2020; 11:8670-8679. [PMID: 32939526 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01690j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases partly due to its polyphenol content. The metabolites hydroxytyrosol sulfate and hydroxytyrosol acetate sulfate were shown to be the most concentrated polyphenol metabolites found in plasma after EVOO consumption. Therefore, the capacity of hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, homovanillyl alcohol, homovanillyl alcohol acetate and tyrosol sulfate metabolites, to protect red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury induced by the radical initiator 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was evaluated. In the presence of AAPH, all non-sulfated compounds and the hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol acetate monosulfate metabolites showed a significant protective activity against RBCs induced oxidative hemolysis. Moreover, even at 5 μM, the protection was highly significant for hydroxytyrosol acetate, hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol acetate 3' and 4' monosulfates. The morphological changes of RBC and the nature of their hemoglobin were in accordance with the hemolysis assay. Results showed that a free phenolic hydroxyl group is needed for the antioxidant protection given by compounds. Hydroxytyrosol metabolites present as phase II sulfate conjugates are actually able to protect RBC from oxidative injury by a non-transcriptional mechanism and are likely to contribute for the anti-atherosclerosis properties of regular EVOO consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernandes
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Catarino
- REQUIMTE-UCIBIO, Serviço de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- REQUIMTE-UCIBIO, Serviço de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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16
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Amdahl MB, DeMartino AW, Gladwin MT. Inorganic nitrite bioactivation and role in physiological signaling and therapeutics. Biol Chem 2020; 401:201-211. [PMID: 31747370 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivation of inorganic nitrite refers to the conversion of otherwise 'inert' nitrite to the diatomic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), which plays important roles in human physiology and disease, notably in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. While the most well-known sources of NO are the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, another source of NO is the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, whereby nitrite (obtained from reduction of dietary nitrate) is further reduced to form NO. The past few decades have seen extensive study of the mechanisms of NO generation through nitrate and nitrite bioactivation, as well as growing appreciation of the contribution of this pathway to NO signaling in vivo. This review, prepared for the volume 400 celebration issue of Biological Chemistry, summarizes some of the key reactions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway such as reduction, disproportionation, dehydration, and oxidative denitrosylation, as well as current evidence for the contribution of the pathway to human cardiovascular physiology. Finally, ongoing efforts to develop novel medical therapies for multifarious conditions, especially those related to pathologic vasoconstriction and ischemia/reperfusion injury, are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Amdahl
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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17
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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18
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Su H, Liu X, Du J, Deng X, Fan Y. The role of hemoglobin in nitric oxide transport in vascular system. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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19
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Ugurel E, Piskin S, Aksu AC, Eser A, Yalcin O. From Experiments to Simulation: Shear-Induced Responses of Red Blood Cells to Different Oxygen Saturation Levels. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1559. [PMID: 32038272 PMCID: PMC6987081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) carry and deliver oxygen (O2) to peripheral tissues through different microcirculatory regions where they are exposed to various levels of shear stress (SS). O2 affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) decreases as the blood enters the microcirculation. This phenomenon determines Hb interactions with RBC membrane proteins that can further regulate the structure of cytoskeleton and affect the mechanical properties of cells. The goal of this study is to evaluate shear-induced RBC deformability and simulate RBC dynamics in blood flow under oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions. Venous blood samples from healthy donors were oxygenated with ambient air or deoxygenated with 100% nitrogen gas for 10 min and immediately applied into an ektacytometer (LORRCA). RBC deformability was measured before and after the application of continuous 5 Pa SS for 300 s by LORRCA and recorded as elongation index (EI) values. A computational model was generated for the simulation of blood flow in a real carotid artery section. EI distribution throughout the artery and its relationships with velocity, pressure, wall SS and viscosity were determined by computational tools. RBC deformability significantly increased in deoxygenation compared to oxygenated state both before and after 5 Pa SS implementation (p < 0.0001). However, EI values after continuous SS were not significant at higher SS levels (>5.15 Pa) in deoxygenated condition. Simulation results revealed that the velocity gradient dominates the generation of SS and the shear thinning effect of blood has a minor effect on it. Distribution of EI was calculated during oxygenation/deoxygenation which is 5-10 times higher around the vessel wall compared to the center of the lumen for sections of the pulsatile flow profile. The extent of RBC deformability increases as RBCs approach to the vessel wall in a real 3D artery model and this increment is higher for deoxygenated condition compared to the oxygenated state. Hypoxia significantly increases shear-induced RBC deformability. RBCs could regulate their own mechanical properties in blood flow by increasing their deformability in hypoxic conditions. Computational tools can be applied for defining hypoxia-mediated RBC deformability changes to monitor blood flow in hypoxic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ugurel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Piskin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Eser
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Rochon ER, Corti P. Globins and nitric oxide homeostasis in fish embryonic development. Mar Genomics 2020; 49:100721. [PMID: 31711848 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of new members of the globin superfamily such as Cytoglobin, Neuroglobin and Globin X, in addition to the most well-known members, Hemoglobin and Myoglobin, different hypotheses have been suggested about their function in vertebrates. Globins are ubiquitously found in living organisms and can carry out different functions based on their ability to bind ligands such as O2, and nitric oxide (NO) and to catalyze reactions scavenging NO or generating NO by reducing nitrite. NO is a highly diffusible molecule with a central role in signaling important for egg maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. The globins ability to scavenge or generate NO makes these proteins ideal candidates in regulating NO homeostasis depending on the micro environment and tissue NO demands. Different amounts of various globins have been found in zebrafish eggs and developing embryos where it's unlikely that they function as respiratory proteins and instead could play a role in maintaining embryonic NO homeostasis. Here we summarize the current knowledge concerning the role of NO in adult fish in comparison to mammals and we discuss NO function during embryonic development with possible implications for globins in maintaining embryonic NO homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paola Corti
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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21
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Reciprocal regulation of sulfite oxidation and nitrite reduction by mitochondrial sulfite oxidase. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:22-31. [PMID: 31002874 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-independent nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway is considered as a substantial source of NO in mammals. Dietary nitrate/nitrite are distributed throughout the body and reduced to NO by the action of various enzymes. The intermembrane spaced (IMS), molybdenum cofactor-dependent sulfite oxidase (SO) was shown to catalyze such a nitrite reduction. In this study we asked whether the primary function of SO - sulfite oxidation - and its novel function - nitrite reduction - impact each other. First, we utilized benzyl viologen as artificial electron donor to investigate steady state NO synthesis by SO and found fast (kcat = 14 s-1) nitrite reduction of SO full-length and its isolated molybdenum domain at pH 6.5. Next, we determined the impact of nitrite on pre-steady state kinetics in SO catalysis and identified nitrite as a pH-dependent inhibitor of SO reductive and oxidative half reaction. Finally, we report on the time-dependent formation of the paramagnetic Mo(V) species following nitrite reduction and demonstrate that sulfite inhibits nitrite reduction. In conclusion, we propose a pH-dependent reciprocal regulation of sulfite oxidation and nitrite reduction by each substrate, thus facilitating quick responses to hypoxia induced changes in the IMS, which may function in protecting the cell from reactive oxygen species production.
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22
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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DeMartino AW, Kim‐Shapiro DB, Patel RP, Gladwin MT. Nitrite and nitrate chemical biology and signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:228-245. [PMID: 30152056 PMCID: PMC6295445 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate (NO3 - ), nitrite (NO2 - ) and NO are nitrogenous species with a diverse and interconnected chemical biology. The formation of NO from nitrate and nitrite via a reductive 'nitrate-nitrite-NO' pathway and resulting in vasodilation is now an established complementary route to traditional NOS-derived vasodilation. Nitrate, found in our diet and abundant in mammalian tissues and circulation, is activated via reduction to nitrite predominantly by our commensal oral microbiome. The subsequent in vivo reduction of nitrite, a stable vascular reserve of NO, is facilitated by a number of haem-containing and molybdenum-cofactor proteins. NO generation from nitrite is enhanced during physiological and pathological hypoxia and in disease states involving ischaemia-reperfusion injury. As such, modulation of these NO vascular repositories via exogenously supplied nitrite and nitrate has been evaluated as a therapeutic approach in a number of diseases. Ultimately, the chemical biology of nitrate and nitrite is governed by local concentrations, reaction equilibrium constants, and the generation of transient intermediates, with kinetic rate constants modulated at differing physiological pH values and oxygen tensions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Daniel B. Kim‐Shapiro
- Department of PhysicsWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNCUSA
- Translational Science CenterWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
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24
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Alagurajan J, Singh Athwal N, Hargrove MS. Steady-State Kinetics of Phytoglobin-Catalyzed Reduction of Hydroxylamine to Ammonium. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4824-4832. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagannathan Alagurajan
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Navjot Singh Athwal
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mark S. Hargrove
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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25
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Hathazi D, Scurtu F, Bischin C, Mot A, Attia AAA, Kongsted J, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. The Reaction of Oxy Hemoglobin with Nitrite: Mechanism, Antioxidant-Modulated Effect, and Implications for Blood Substitute Evaluation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020350. [PMID: 29414908 PMCID: PMC6017026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The autocatalytic reaction between nitrite and the oxy form of globins involves free radicals. For myoglobin (Mb), an initial binding of nitrite to the iron-coordinated oxygen molecule was proposed; the resulting ferrous-peroxynitrate species was not detected, but its decay product, the high-valent ferryl form, was demonstrated in stopped-flow experiments. Reported here are the stopped flow spectra recorded upon mixing oxy Hb (native, as well as chemically-derivatized in the form of several candidates of blood substitutes) with a supraphysiological concentration of nitrite. The data may be fitted to a simple kinetic model involving a transient met-aqua form, in contrast to the ferryl detected in the case of Mb in a similar reaction sequence. These data are in line with a previous observation of a transient accumulation of ferryl Hb under auto-catalytic conditions at much lower concentrations of nitrite (Grubina, R. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 12916). The simple model for fitting the stopped-flow data leaves a small part of the absorbance changes unaccounted for, unless a fourth species is invoked displaying features similar to the oxy and tentatively assigned as ferrous-peroxynitrate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support this latter assignment. The reaction allows for differentiating between the reactivities of various chemically modified hemoglobins, including candidates for blood substitutes. Polymerization of hemoglobin slows the nitrite-induced oxidation, in sharp contrast to oxidative-stress type reactions which are generally accelerated, not inhibited. Sheep hemoglobin is found to be distinctly more resistant to reaction with nitrite compared to bovine Hb, at large nitrite concentrations (stopped-flow experiments directly observing the oxy + nitrite reaction) as well as under auto-catalytic conditions. Copolymerization of Hb with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using glutaraldehyde leads to a distinct increase of the lag time compared to native Hb as well as to any other form of derivatization examined in the present study. The Hb-BSA copolymer also displays a slower initial reaction with nitrite under stopped-flow conditions, compared to native Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Florina Scurtu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Bischin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Augustin Mot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Amr A A Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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26
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Kuhn V, Diederich L, Keller TCS, Kramer CM, Lückstädt W, Panknin C, Suvorava T, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell Function and Dysfunction: Redox Regulation, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Anemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:718-742. [PMID: 27889956 PMCID: PMC5421513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recent clinical evidence identified anemia to be correlated with severe complications of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as bleeding, thromboembolic events, stroke, hypertension, arrhythmias, and inflammation, particularly in elderly patients. The underlying mechanisms of these complications are largely unidentified. Recent Advances: Previously, red blood cells (RBCs) were considered exclusively as transporters of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. More recent experimental evidence indicates that RBCs are important interorgan communication systems with additional functions, including participation in control of systemic nitric oxide metabolism, redox regulation, blood rheology, and viscosity. In this article, we aim to revise and discuss the potential impact of these noncanonical functions of RBCs and their dysfunction in the cardiovascular system and in anemia. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanistic links between changes of RBC functional properties and cardiovascular complications related to anemia have not been untangled so far. FUTURE DIRECTIONS To allow a better understanding of the complications associated with anemia in CVD, basic and translational science studies should be focused on identifying the role of noncanonical functions of RBCs in the cardiovascular system and on defining intrinsic and/or systemic dysfunction of RBCs in anemia and its relationship to CVD both in animal models and clinical settings. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 718-742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Kuhn
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Diederich
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christian M Kramer
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Panknin
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brant E Isakson
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Malte Kelm
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Helms CC, Liu X, Kim-Shapiro DB. Recent insights into nitrite signaling processes in blood. Biol Chem 2017; 398:319-329. [PMID: 27611767 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite was once thought to be inert in human physiology. However, research over the past few decades has established a link between nitrite and the production of nitric oxide (NO) that is potentiated under hypoxic and acidic conditions. Under this new role nitrite acts as a storage pool for bioavailable NO. The NO so produced is likely to play important roles in decreasing platelet activation, contributing to hypoxic vasodilation and minimizing blood-cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Researchers have proposed multiple mechanisms for nitrite reduction in the blood. However, NO production in blood must somehow overcome rapid scavenging by hemoglobin in order to be effective. Here we review the role of red blood cell hemoglobin in the reduction of nitrite and present recent research into mechanisms that may allow nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen signaling species to escape the red blood cell.
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28
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Parikh J, Kapela A, Tsoukias NM. Can endothelial hemoglobin-α regulate nitric oxide vasodilatory signaling? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H854-H866. [PMID: 28130333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00315.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We used mathematical modeling to investigate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatory signaling in the arteriolar wall. Detailed continuum cellular models of calcium (Ca2+) dynamics and membrane electrophysiology in smooth muscle and endothelial cells (EC) were coupled with models of NO signaling and biotransport in an arteriole. We used this theoretical approach to examine the role of endothelial hemoglobin-α (Hbα) as a modulator of NO-mediated myoendothelial feedback, as previously suggested in Straub et al. (Nature 491: 473-477, 2012). The model considers enriched expression of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, Ca2+-activated potassium (KCa) channels and Hbα in myoendothelial projections (MPs) between the two cell layers. The model suggests that NO-mediated myoendothelial feedback is plausible if a significant percentage of eNOS is localized within or near the myoendothelial projection. Model results show that the ability of Hbα to regulate the myoendothelial feedback is conditional to its colocalization with eNOS near MPs at concentrations in the high nanomolar range (>0.2 μM or 24,000 molecules). Simulations also show that the effect of Hbα observed in in vitro experimental studies may overestimate its contribution in vivo, in the presence of blood perfusion. Thus, additional experimentation is required to quantify the presence and spatial distribution of Hbα in the EC, as well as to test that the strong effect of Hbα on NO signaling seen in vitro, translates also into a physiologically relevant response in vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mathematical modeling shows that although regulation of nitric oxide signaling by hemoglobin-α (Hbα) is plausible, it is conditional to its presence in significant concentrations colocalized with endothelial nitric oxide synthase in myoendothelial projections. Additional experimentation is required to test that the strong effect of Hbα seen in vitro translates into a physiologically relevant response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimit Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Adam Kapela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Nikolaos M Tsoukias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; and .,School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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Lai YC, Gladwin MT. Response by Lai and Gladwin to Letter Regarding Article, "SIRT3-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation by Nitrite and Metformin Improves Hyperglycemia and Normalizes Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction". Circulation 2016; 134:e79-80. [PMID: 27502916 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lai
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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30
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Marzec KM, Dybas J, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Resonance Raman in Vitro Detection and Differentiation of the Nitrite-Induced Hemoglobin Adducts in Functional Human Red Blood Cells. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12249-12260. [PMID: 27934219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work presents in vitro studies of the functional, isolated human red blood cells (RBCs) treated with various concentrations of Na14NO2 and Na15NO2 with the use of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) at two different laser excitations supported by absorption spectrophotometry (UV-vis). The products of the reaction between oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) in isolated RBCs with NaNO2 were analyzed and identified in situ. The metHb-H2O was found to be the major product of this reaction; however, additional adducts were also clearly observed. Vibrational analysis allowed identification of various Hb3+NO2 species (Fe3+-O-N=O with O-binding mode of nitrite ion to the Fe3+ core and nitrovinyl adducts with 2-vinyl nitration favored over 4-vinyl nitration) as well as the Fe3+-NO adduct. In addition, we were able to visualize in situ the Hb-NO2 species inside functional RBCs with the use of Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Krakow 30-060, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow 31-531, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Krakow 30-060, Poland
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31
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Engineering tyrosine electron transfer pathways decreases oxidative toxicity in hemoglobin: implications for blood substitute design. Biochem J 2016; 473:3371-83. [PMID: 27470146 PMCID: PMC5095908 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) have been engineered to replace or augment the oxygen-carrying capacity of erythrocytes. However, clinical results have generally been disappointing due to adverse side effects linked to intrinsic heme-mediated oxidative toxicity and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. Redox-active tyrosine residues can facilitate electron transfer between endogenous antioxidants and oxidative ferryl heme species. A suitable residue is present in the α-subunit (Y42) of Hb, but absent from the homologous position in the β-subunit (F41). We therefore replaced this residue with a tyrosine (βF41Y, Hb Mequon). The βF41Y mutation had no effect on the intrinsic rate of lipid peroxidation as measured by conjugated diene and singlet oxygen formation following the addition of ferric(met) Hb to liposomes. However, βF41Y significantly decreased these rates in the presence of physiological levels of ascorbate. Additionally, heme damage in the β-subunit following the addition of the lipid peroxide hydroperoxyoctadecadieoic acid was five-fold slower in βF41Y. NO bioavailability was enhanced in βF41Y by a combination of a 20% decrease in NO dioxygenase activity and a doubling of the rate of nitrite reductase activity. The intrinsic rate of heme loss from methemoglobin was doubled in the β-subunit, but unchanged in the α-subunit. We conclude that the addition of a redox-active tyrosine mutation in Hb able to transfer electrons from plasma antioxidants decreases heme-mediated oxidative reactivity and enhances NO bioavailability. This class of mutations has the potential to decrease adverse side effects as one component of a HBOC product.
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32
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Salgado MT, Cao Z, Nagababu E, Mohanty JG, Rifkind JM. Red Blood Cell Membrane-Facilitated Release of Nitrite-Derived Nitric Oxide Bioactivity. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6712-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria T. Salgado
- Molecular Dynamics Section,
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zeling Cao
- Molecular Dynamics Section,
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Enika Nagababu
- Molecular Dynamics Section,
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Joy G. Mohanty
- Molecular Dynamics Section,
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Joseph M. Rifkind
- Molecular Dynamics Section,
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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33
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Freudenberg F, Alttoa A, Reif A. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and its adaptor, NOS1AP, as a genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:46-63. [PMID: 25612209 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous transmitter produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). The neuronal isoform (NOS-I, encoded by NOS1) is the main source of NO in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies suggest that nitrinergic dysregulation may lead to behavioral abnormalities. Unfortunately, the large number of animal studies is not adequately reflected by publications concerning humans. These include post-mortem studies, determination of biomarkers, and genetic association studies. Here, we review the evidence for the role of NO in psychiatric disorders by focusing on the human NOS1 gene as well as biomarker studies. Owing to the complex regulation of NOS1 and the varying function of NOS-I in different brain regions, no simple, unidirectional association is expected. Rather, the 'where, when and how much' of NO formation is decisive. Present data, although still preliminary and partially conflicting, suggest that genetically driven reduced NO signaling in the prefrontal cortex is associated with schizophrenia and cognition. Both NOS1 and its interaction partner NOS1AP have a role therein. Also, reduced NOS1 expression in the striatum determined by a length polymorphism in a NOS1 promoter (NOS1 ex1f-VNTR) goes along with a variety of impulsive behaviors. An association of NOS1 with mood disorders, suggested by animal models, is less clear on the genetic level; however, NO metabolites in blood may serve as biomarkers for major depression and bipolar disorder. As the nitrinergic system comprises a relevant target for pharmacological interventions, further studies are warranted not only to elucidate the pathophysiology of mental disorders, but also to evaluate NO function as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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34
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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35
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NO to cancer: The complex and multifaceted role of nitric oxide and the epigenetic nitric oxide donor, RRx-001. Redox Biol 2015; 6:1-8. [PMID: 26164533 PMCID: PMC4529402 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous mediator of vasodilation, nitric oxide (NO), has been shown to be a potent radiosensitizer. However, the underlying mode of action for its role as a radiosensitizer – while not entirely understood – is believed to arise from increased tumor blood flow, effects on cellular respiration, on cell signaling, and on the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), that can act as radiosensitizers in their own right. NO activity is surprisingly long-lived and more potent in comparison to oxygen. Reports of the effects of NO with radiation have often been contradictory leading to confusion about the true radiosensitizing nature of NO. Whether increasing or decreasing tumor blood flow, acting as radiosensitizer or radioprotector, the effects of NO have been controversial. Key to understanding the role of NO as a radiosensitizer is to recognize the importance of biological context. With a very short half-life and potent activity, the local effects of NO need to be carefully considered and understood when using NO as a radiosensitizer. The systemic effects of NO donors can cause extensive side effects, and also affect the local tumor microenvironment, both directly and indirectly. To minimize systemic effects and maximize effects on tumors, agents that deliver NO on demand selectively to tumors using hypoxia as a trigger may be of greater interest as radiosensitizers. Herein we discuss the multiple effects of NO and focus on the clinical molecule RRx-001, a hypoxia-activated NO donor currently being investigated as a radiosensitizer in the clinic. . NO radiosensitizes by reaction with DNA radicals, by its metabolites and by impact on the vasculature. Understanding the local and context-specific activity of NO is key for radiosensitizer development RRx-001 induces NO production under hypoxia with promising radiosensitizing activity.
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36
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Paiva-Martins F, Gonçalves P, Borges JE, Przybylska D, Ibba F, Fernandes J, Santos-Silva A. Effects of the olive oil phenol metabolite 3,4-DHPEA-EDAH2on human erythrocyte oxidative damage. Food Funct 2015; 6:2350-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The olive oil polyphenol HT-EDA metabolite, HT-EDAH2, protects human erythrocytes from induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Paiva-Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - P. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - J. E. Borges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - D. Przybylska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - F. Ibba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - J. Fernandes
- IBILI – Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida
- Faculty of Medecine
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - A. Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE
- Porto
- Portugal
- IBILI – Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida
- Faculty of Medecine
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37
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Tejero J, Gladwin MT. The globin superfamily: functions in nitric oxide formation and decay. Biol Chem 2014; 395:631-9. [PMID: 24477516 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Globin proteins are ubiquitous in living organisms and carry out a variety of functions related to the ability of their prosthetic heme group to bind gaseous ligands, such as oxygen, nitric oxide (NO), and CO. Moreover, they catalyze important reactions with nitrogen oxide species, such as NO dioxygenation and nitrite reduction. The formation of NO from nitrite is a reaction catalyzed by globins that has received increasing attention due to its potential as a hypoxic NO signaling mechanism. In this review, we revisit the current knowledge about the role of globins in NO formation and its physiological implications.
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38
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Kim-Shapiro DB, Gladwin MT. Pitfalls in measuring NO bioavailability using NOx. Nitric Oxide 2014; 44:1-2. [PMID: 25446252 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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39
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Hathazi D, Mahuţ SD, Scurtu FV, Bischin C, Stanciu C, Attia AA, Damian G, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Involvement of ferryl in the reaction between nitrite and the oxy forms of globins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1233-9. [PMID: 25064750 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between nitrite and the oxy forms of globins has complex autocatalytic kinetics with several branching steps and evolves through chain reactions mediated by reactive species (including radicals) such as hydrogen peroxide, ferryl and nitrogen dioxide, starting with a lag phase, after which it proceeds onto an autocatalytic phase. Reported here are UV-Vis spectra collected upon stopped-flow mixing of myoglobin with a supraphysiological excess of nitrite. The best fit to the experimental data follows an A → B → C reaction scheme involving the formation of a short-lived intermediate identified as ferryl. This is consistent with a mechanism where nitrite binds to oxy myoglobin to generate an undetectable ferrous-peroxynitrate intermediate, whose decay leads to nitrate and ferryl. The ferryl is then reduced to met by the excess nitrite. DFT calculations reveal an essentially barrierless reaction between nitrite and the oxy heme, with a notable outer-sphere component; the resulting metastable ferrous-peroxynitrate adduct is found to feature a very low barrier towards nitrate liberation, with ferryl as a final product-in good agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Hathazi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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40
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Fens MH, Larkin SK, Oronsky B, Scicinski J, Morris CR, Kuypers FA. The capacity of red blood cells to reduce nitrite determines nitric oxide generation under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101626. [PMID: 25007272 PMCID: PMC4090171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of vascular tone. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is responsible for NO generation under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxia however, eNOS is inactive and red blood cells (RBC) provide an alternative NO generation pathway from nitrite to regulate hypoxic vasodilation. While nitrite reductase activity of hemoglobin is well acknowledged, little is known about generation of NO by intact RBC with physiological hemoglobin concentrations. We aimed to develop and apply a new approach to provide insights in the ability of RBC to convert nitrite into NO under hypoxic conditions. We established a novel experimental setup to evaluate nitrite uptake and the release of NO from RBC into the gas-phase under different conditions. NO measurements were similar to well-established clinical measurements of exhaled NO. Nitrite uptake was rapid, and after an initial lag phase NO release from RBC was constant in time under hypoxic conditions. The presence of oxygen greatly reduced NO release, whereas inhibition of eNOS and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) did not affect NO release. A decreased pH increased NO release under hypoxic conditions. Hypothermia lowered NO release, while hyperthermia increased NO release. Whereas fetal hemoglobin did not alter NO release compared to adult hemoglobin, sickle RBC showed an increased ability to release NO. Under all conditions nitrite uptake by RBC was similar. This study shows that nitrite uptake into RBC is rapid and release of NO into the gas-phase continues for prolonged periods of time under hypoxic conditions. Changes in the RBC environment such as pH, temperature or hemoglobin type, affect NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel H. Fens
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Sandra K. Larkin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- RadioRx, Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Jan Scicinski
- RadioRx, Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Claudia R. Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Frans A. Kuypers
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Barvitenko NN, Aslam M, Filosa J, Matteucci E, Nikinmaa M, Pantaleo A, Saldanha C, Baskurt OK. Tissue oxygen demand in regulation of the behavior of the cells in the vasculature. Microcirculation 2014; 20:484-501. [PMID: 23441854 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The control of arteriolar diameters in microvasculature has been in the focus of studies on mechanisms matching oxygen demand and supply at the tissue level. Functionally, important vascular elements include EC, VSMC, and RBC. Integration of these different cell types into functional units aimed at matching tissue oxygen supply with tissue oxygen demand is only achieved when all these cells can respond to the signals of tissue oxygen demand. Many vasoactive agents that serve as signals of tissue oxygen demand have their receptors on all these types of cells (VSMC, EC, and RBC) implying that there can be a coordinated regulation of their behavior by the tissue oxygen demand. Such functions of RBC as oxygen carrying by Hb, rheology, and release of vasoactive agents are considered. Several common extra- and intracellular signaling pathways that link tissue oxygen demand with control of VSMC contractility, EC permeability, and RBC functioning are discussed.
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Ullrich V, Schildknecht S. Sensing hypoxia by mitochondria: a unifying hypothesis involving S-nitrosation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:325-38. [PMID: 22793377 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sudden hypoxia requires a rapid response in tissues with high energy demand. Mitochondria are rapid sensors for a lack of oxygen, but no consistent mechanism for the sensing process and the subsequent counter-regulation has been described. RECENT ADVANCES In the present hypothesis review, we suggest an oxygen-sensing mechanism by mitochondria that is initiated at low oxygen tension by electrons from the respiratory chain, leading to the reduction of intracellular nitrite to nitric oxide ((•)NO) that would subsequently compete with oxygen for binding to cytochrome c oxidase. This allows superoxide ((•)O2(-)) formation in hypoxic areas, leading to S-nitrosation and the inhibition of mitochondrial Krebs cycle enzymes. With more formation of (•)O2(-), peroxynitrite is generated and known to damage the connection between the mitochondrial matrix and the outer membrane. CRITICAL ISSUES A fundamental question on a regulatory mechanism is its reversibility. Readmission of oxygen and opening of the mitochondrial KATP-channel would allow electrons from glycerol-3-phosphate to selectively reduce the ubiquinone pool to generate (•)O2(-) at both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. On the cytosolic side, superoxide is dismutated and will support H2O2/Fe(2+)-dependent transcription processes and on the mitochondrial matrix side, it could lead to the one-electron reduction and reactivation of S-nitrosated proteins. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It remains to be elucidated up to which stage the herein proposed silencing of mitochondria remains reversible and when irreversible changes that ultimately lead to classical reperfusion injury are initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Ullrich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
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Domínguez SE, Alborés P, Fagalde F. Photoinduced linkage isomerization in new rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes coordinated to N-nitrite and O-nitrite. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Corti P, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Evidence mounts that red cells and deoxyhemoglobin can reduce nitrite to bioactive NO to mediate intravascular endocrine NO signaling: commentary on "Anti-platelet effects of dietary nitrate in healthy volunteers: involvement of cGMP and influence of sex". Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1518-1520. [PMID: 24100230 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Corti
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Mairbäurl H. Red blood cells in sports: effects of exercise and training on oxygen supply by red blood cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:332. [PMID: 24273518 PMCID: PMC3824146 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During exercise the cardiovascular system has to warrant substrate supply to working muscle. The main function of red blood cells in exercise is the transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissues and the delivery of metabolically produced CO2 to the lungs for expiration. Hemoglobin also contributes to the blood's buffering capacity, and ATP and NO release from red blood cells contributes to vasodilation and improved blood flow to working muscle. These functions require adequate amounts of red blood cells in circulation. Trained athletes, particularly in endurance sports, have a decreased hematocrit, which is sometimes called “sports anemia.” This is not anemia in a clinical sense, because athletes have in fact an increased total mass of red blood cells and hemoglobin in circulation relative to sedentary individuals. The slight decrease in hematocrit by training is brought about by an increased plasma volume (PV). The mechanisms that increase total red blood cell mass by training are not understood fully. Despite stimulated erythropoiesis, exercise can decrease the red blood cell mass by intravascular hemolysis mainly of senescent red blood cells, which is caused by mechanical rupture when red blood cells pass through capillaries in contracting muscles, and by compression of red cells e.g., in foot soles during running or in hand palms in weightlifters. Together, these adjustments cause a decrease in the average age of the population of circulating red blood cells in trained athletes. These younger red cells are characterized by improved oxygen release and deformability, both of which also improve tissue oxygen supply during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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Akrawinthawong K, Chaowalit N, Chatuparisuth T, Siritanaratkul N. Effectiveness of deferiprone in transfusion‐independent beta‐thalassemia/HbE patients. Hematology 2013; 16:113-22. [DOI: 10.1179/102453311x12940641877768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nithima Chaowalit
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Thanasaporn Chatuparisuth
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Siritanaratkul
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
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48
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Helms C, Kim-Shapiro DB. Hemoglobin-mediated nitric oxide signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:464-72. [PMID: 23624304 PMCID: PMC3849136 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rate that hemoglobin reacts with nitric oxide (NO) is limited by how fast NO can diffuse into the heme pocket. The reaction is as fast as any ligand/protein reaction can be and the result, when hemoglobin is in its oxygenated form, is formation of nitrate in what is known as the dioxygenation reaction. As nitrate, at the concentrations made through the dioxygenation reaction, is biologically inert, the only role hemoglobin was once thought to play in NO signaling was to inhibit it. However, there are now several mechanisms that have been discovered by which hemoglobin may preserve, control, and even create NO activity. These mechanisms involve compartmentalization of reacting species and conversion of NO from or into other species such as nitrosothiols or nitrite which could transport NO activity. Despite the tremendous amount of work devoted to this field, major questions concerning precise mechanisms of NO activity preservation as well as if and how Hb creates NO activity remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Helms
- Department of Physics and Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics and Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of NO Metabolome and Methemoglobin Following Long-Term Infusion of Sodium Nitrite in Humans. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2:e60. [PMID: 23903463 PMCID: PMC3731826 DOI: 10.1038/psp.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A long-term sodium nitrite infusion is intended for the treatment of vascular disorders. Phase I data demonstrated a significant nonlinear dose-exposure-toxicity relationship within the therapeutic dosage range. This study aims to develop a quantitative systems pharmacology model characterizing nitric oxide (NO) metabolome and methemoglobin after sodium nitrite infusion. Nitrite, nitrate, and methemoglobin concentration–time profiles in plasma and RBC were used for model development. Following intravenous sodium nitrite administration, nitrite undergoes conversion in RBC and tissue. Nitrite sequestered by RBC interacts more extensively with deoxyhemoglobin, which contributes greatly to methemoglobin formation. Methemoglobin is formed less-than-proportionally at higher nitrite doses as characterized with facilitated methemoglobin removal. Nitrate-to-nitrite reduction occurs in tissue and via entero-salivary recirculation. The less-than-proportional increase in nitrite and nitrate exposure at higher nitrite doses is modeled with a dose-dependent increase in clearance. The model provides direct insight into NO metabolome disposition and is valuable for nitrite dosing selection in clinical trials.
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Paiva-Martins F, Silva A, Almeida V, Carvalheira M, Serra C, Rodrígues-Borges JE, Fernandes J, Belo L, Santos-Silva A. Protective activity of hydroxytyrosol metabolites on erythrocyte oxidative-induced hemolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6636-6642. [PMID: 23777263 DOI: 10.1021/jf4016202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of important hydroxytyrosol metabolites (homovanillyl alcohol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, homovanillyl alcohol acetate, hydroxytyrosol 3' and 4'-O-glucuronides, and homovanillyl alcohol 4'-O-glucuronide) to protect red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury induced by the radical initiator 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or by the natural radical initiator H2O2 was evaluated. In the presence of AAPH, all compounds showed to protect RBCs from hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner, exccept for the homovanillyl alcohol glucuronide, with the order of activity being at 20 μM hydroxytyrosol > hydroxytyrosol glucuronides = hydroxytyrosol acetate = homovanillyl alcohol = homovanillyl acetate > homovanillyl alcohol glucuronide. At 10 μM, hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, and hydroxytyrosol glucuronides still protected hemoglobine from oxidation and from morphological RBC changes. In the presence of H2O2, hydroxytyrosol showed to significantly protect RBCs from oxidative hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner, but the hydroxytyrosol glucuronides showed only a limited protection that was independent of the concentration used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Paiva-Martins
- Centro de Investigação em Química and Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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