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Chen G, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Jiang W, Leppert A, Zhong X, Belorusova A, Siegal G, Jegerschöld C, Koeck PJB, Abelein A, Hebert H, Knight SD, Johansson J. Molecular basis for different substrate-binding sites and chaperone functions of the BRICHOS domain. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5063. [PMID: 38864729 PMCID: PMC11168071 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Proteins can misfold into fibrillar or amorphous aggregates and molecular chaperones act as crucial guardians against these undesirable processes. The BRICHOS chaperone domain, found in several otherwise unrelated proproteins that contain amyloidogenic regions, effectively inhibits amyloid formation and toxicity but can in some cases also prevent non-fibrillar, amorphous protein aggregation. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis behind the multifaceted chaperone activities of the BRICHOS domain from the Bri2 proprotein. High-confidence AlphaFold2 and RoseTTAFold predictions suggest that the intramolecular amyloidogenic region (Bri23) is part of the hydrophobic core of the proprotein, where it occupies the proposed amyloid binding site, explaining the markedly reduced ability of the proprotein to prevent an exogenous amyloidogenic peptide from aggregating. However, the BRICHOS-Bri23 complex maintains its ability to form large polydisperse oligomers that prevent amorphous protein aggregation. A cryo-EM-derived model of the Bri2 BRICHOS oligomer is compatible with surface-exposed hydrophobic motifs that get exposed and come together during oligomerization, explaining its effects against amorphous aggregation. These findings provide a molecular basis for the BRICHOS chaperone domain function, where distinct surfaces are employed against different forms of protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wangshu Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Present address:
Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Xueying Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
| | | | | | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
| | - Philip J. B. Koeck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
| | - Stefan D. Knight
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
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2
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Sharrouf K, Schlosser C, Mildenberger S, Fluhrer R, Hoeppner S. In vitro cleavage of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by Signal-Peptide-Peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b) resembles mechanistic principles observed in the cellular context. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111006. [PMID: 38636792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Signal Peptide-Peptidase (SPP) and Signal Peptide-Peptidase-like (SPPL) family are intramembrane aspartyl-proteases like their well-studied homologs, the presenilins, which comprise the catalytically active subunit within the γ-secretase complex. The lack of in vitro cleavage assays for SPPL proteases limited their biochemical characterization as well as substrate identification and validation. So far, SPPL proteases have been analyzed exclusively in intact cells or membranes, restricting mechanistic analysis to co-expression of enzyme and substrate variants colocalizing in the same subcellular compartments. We describe the details of developing an in vitro cleavage assay for SPPL2b and its model substrate TNFα and analyzed the influence of phospholipids, detergent supplements, and cholesterol on the SPPL2b in vitro activity. SPPL2b in vitro activity resembles mechanistic principles that have been observed in a cellular context, such as cleavage sites and consecutive turnover of the TNFα transmembrane domain. The novel in vitro cleavage assay is functional with separately isolated protease and substrate and amenable to a high throughput plate-based readout overcoming previous limitations and providing the basis for studying enzyme kinetics, catalytic activity, substrate recognition, and the characteristics of small molecule inhibitors. As a proof of concept, we present the first biochemical in vitro characterization of the SPPL2a and SPPL2b specific small molecule inhibitor SPL-707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinda Sharrouf
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schlosser
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Mildenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany; Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie und Neurobiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany; University of Augsburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, 86135, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoeppner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany.
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3
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Li G, Zhu W, Tian M, Liu R, Ruan Y, Liu C. Genome-Wide Identification of the SPP/SPPL Gene Family and BnaSPPL4 Regulating Male Fertility in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3936. [PMID: 38612746 PMCID: PMC11012144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologs, signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases, are members of the GxGD-type aspartyl protease family, which is widespread in plants and animals and is a class of transmembrane proteins with significant biological functions. SPP/SPPLs have been identified; however, the functions of SPP/SPPL in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) have not been reported. In this study, 26 SPP/SPPLs were identified in rapeseed and categorized into three groups: SPP, SPPL2, and SPPL3. These members mainly contained the Peptidase_A22 and PA domains, which were distributed on 17 out of 19 chromosomes. Evolutionary analyses indicated that BnaSPP/SPPLs evolved with a large number of whole-genome duplication (WGD) events and strong purifying selection. Members are widely expressed and play a key role in the growth and development of rapeseed. The regulation of rapeseed pollen fertility by the BnaSPPL4 gene was further validated through experiments based on bioinformatics analysis, concluding that BnaSPPL4 silencing causes male sterility. Cytological observation showed that male infertility caused by loss of BnaSPPL4 gene function occurs late in the mononucleate stage due to microspore dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangze Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.L.); (W.Z.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.L.); (W.Z.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Minyu Tian
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.L.); (W.Z.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.L.); (W.Z.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.L.); (W.Z.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.L.); (W.Z.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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4
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Maccioni R, Travisan C, Badman J, Zerial S, Wagener A, Andrade-Talavera Y, Picciau F, Grassi C, Chen G, Lemoine L, Fisahn A, Jiang R, Fluhrer R, Mentrup T, Schröder B, Nilsson P, Tambaro S. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2b modulates the amyloidogenic pathway and exhibits an Aβ-dependent expression in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 235:102585. [PMID: 38367747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder driven by abnormal amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) levels. In this study, we investigated the role of presenilin-like signal peptide peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b) in AD pathophysiology and its potential as a druggable target within the Aβ cascade. Exogenous Aβ42 influenced SPPL2b expression in human cell lines and acute mouse brain slices. SPPL2b and its AD-related substrate BRI2 were evaluated in the brains of AppNL-G-F knock-in AD mice and human postmortem AD brains. An early high cortical expression of SPPL2b was observed, followed by a downregulation in late AD pathology in AppNL-G-F mice, correlating with synaptic loss. To understand the consequences of pathophysiological SPPL2b dysregulation, we found that SPPL2b overexpression significantly increased APP cleavage, while genetic deletion reduced APP cleavage and Aβ production. Notably, postmortem AD brains showed higher levels of SPPL2b's BRI2 substrate compared to healthy control samples. These results strongly support the involvement of SPPL2b in AD pathology. The early Aβ-induced upregulation of SPPL2b may enhance Aβ production in a vicious cycle, further aggravating Aβ pathology. Therefore, SPPL2b emerges as a potential anti-Aβ drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Maccioni
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - Caterina Travisan
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Jack Badman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Stefania Zerial
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of life science, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Annika Wagener
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany.
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Federico Picciau
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Caterina Grassi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 52, Sweden.
| | - Laetitia Lemoine
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 52, Sweden.
| | - André Fisahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159, Germany.
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
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5
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Yin T, Yesiltepe M, D'Adamio L. Functional BRI2-TREM2 interactions in microglia: implications for Alzheimer's and related dementias. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1326-1360. [PMID: 38347225 PMCID: PMC10933458 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
ITM2B/BRI2 mutations cause Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-related dementias. We observe heightened ITM2B/BRI2 expression in microglia, a pivotal cell type in AD due to risk-increasing variants in the microglial gene TREM2. Single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrates a Trem2/Bri2-dependent microglia cluster, underscoring their functional interaction. α-secretase cleaves TREM2 into TREM2-CTF and sTREM2. As BRI2 hinders α-secretase cleavage of the AD-related Aβ-Precursor-Protein, we probed whether BRI2 influences TREM2 processing. Our findings indicate a BRI2-TREM2 interaction that inhibits TREM2 processing in heterologous cells. Recombinant BRI2 and TREM2 proteins demonstrate a direct, cell-free BRI2-TREM2 ectodomain interaction. Constitutive and microglial-specific Itm2b-Knock-out mice, and Itm2b-Knock-out primary microglia provide evidence that Bri2 reduces Trem2 processing, boosts Trem2 mRNA expression, and influences Trem2 protein levels through α-secretase-independent pathways, revealing a multifaceted BRI2-TREM2 functional interaction. Moreover, a mutant Itm2b dementia mouse model exhibits elevated Trem2-CTF and sTrem2, mirroring sTREM2 increases in AD patients. Lastly, Bri2 deletion reduces phagocytosis similarly to a pathogenic TREM2 variant that enhances processing. Given BRI2's role in regulating Aβ-Precursor-Protein and TREM2 functions, it holds promise as a therapeutic target for AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Metin Yesiltepe
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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6
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Smirnova EV, Timofeev VI, Rakitina TV, Petrenko DE, Elmeeva OS, Saratov GA, Kudriaeva AA, Bocharov EV, Belogurov AA. Myelin Basic Protein Attenuates Furin-Mediated Bri2 Cleavage and Postpones Its Membrane Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2608. [PMID: 38473856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein in the central nervous system and is responsible for structural maintenance of the myelin sheath covering axons. Previously, we showed that MBP has a more proactive role in the oligodendrocyte homeostasis, interacting with membrane-associated proteins, including integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B or Bri2) that is associated with familial dementias. Here, we report that the molecular dynamics of the in silico-generated MBP-Bri2 complex revealed that MBP covers a significant portion of the Bri2 ectodomain, assumingly trapping the furin cleavage site, while the surface of the BRICHOS domain, which is responsible for the multimerization and activation of the Bri2 high-molecular-weight oligomer chaperone function, remains unmasked. These observations were supported by the co-expression of MBP with Bri2, its mature form, and disease-associated mutants, which showed that in mammalian cells, MBP indeed modulates the post-translational processing of Bri2 by restriction of the furin-catalyzed release of its C-terminal peptide. Moreover, we showed that the co-expression of MBP and Bri2 also leads to an altered cellular localization of Bri2, restricting its membrane trafficking independently of the MBP-mediated suppression of the Bri2 C-terminal peptide release. Further investigations should elucidate if these observations have physiological meaning in terms of Bri2 as a MBP chaperone activated by the MBP-dependent postponement of Bri2 membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Smirnova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V Rakitina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Petrenko
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Elmeeva
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medical and Organic Chemistry Named after N.A. Preobrazhensky, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - George A Saratov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna A Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eduard V Bocharov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey A Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127473 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Höppner S, Schröder B, Fluhrer R. Structure and function of SPP/SPPL proteases: insights from biochemical evidence and predictive modeling. FEBS J 2023; 290:5456-5474. [PMID: 37786993 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 years ago, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologues, the signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases have been identified based on their sequence similarity to presenilins, a related family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases. Other than those for the presenilins, no high-resolution structures for the SPP/SPPL proteases are available. Despite this limitation, over the years bioinformatical and biochemical data have accumulated, which altogether have provided a picture of the overall structure and topology of these proteases, their localization in the cell, the process of substrate recognition, their cleavage mechanism, and their function. Recently, the artificial intelligence-based structure prediction tool AlphaFold has added high-confidence models of the expected fold of SPP/SPPL proteases. In this review, we summarize known structural aspects of the SPP/SPPL family as well as their substrates. Of particular interest are the emerging substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms that might lead to the prediction and identification of more potential substrates and deeper insight into physiological and pathophysiological roles of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Höppner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Germany
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8
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Leinung N, Mentrup T, Patel M, Gallagher T, Schröder B. Dynamic association of the intramembrane proteases SPPL2a/b and their substrates with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. iScience 2023; 26:107819. [PMID: 37736044 PMCID: PMC10509304 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2a and b (SPPL2a/b) are aspartyl intramembrane proteases and cleave tail-anchored proteins as well as N-terminal fragments (NTFs) derived from type II-oriented transmembrane proteins. How these proteases recruit substrates and cleavage is regulated, is still incompletely understood. We found that SPPL2a/b localize to detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) domains with the characteristics of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Based on this, association with several tetraspanins was evaluated. We demonstrate that not only SPPL2a/b but also their substrates tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and CD74 associate with tetraspanins like CD9, CD81, and CD82 and/or TEMs and analyze the stability of these complexes in different detergents. CD9 and CD81 deficiency has protease- and substrate-selective effects on SPPL2a/b function. Our findings suggest that reciprocal interactions with tetraspanins may assist protease-substrate encounters of SPPL2a/b within the membrane. Beyond SPP/SPPL proteases, this supports previous concepts that tetraspanins facilitate membrane-embedded proteolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Leinung
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehul Patel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Kim S, Kim N, Kang HM, Jang HJ, Lee AC, Na KJ. Canine Somatic Mutations from Whole-Exome Sequencing of B-Cell Lymphomas in Six Canine Breeds-A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2846. [PMID: 37760246 PMCID: PMC10525272 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine lymphoma (CL) is one of the most common malignant tumors in dogs. The cause of CL remains unclear. Genetic mutations that have been suggested as possible causes of CL are not fully understood. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a time- and cost-effective method for detecting genetic variants targeting only the protein-coding regions (exons) that are part of the entire genome region. A total of eight patients with B-cell lymphomas were recruited, and WES analysis was performed on whole blood and lymph node aspirate samples from each patient. A total of 17 somatic variants (GOLIM4, ITM2B, STN1, UNC79, PLEKHG4, BRF1, ENSCAFG00845007156, SEMA6B, DSC1, TNFAIP1, MYLK3, WAPL, ADORA2B, LOXHD1, GP6, AZIN1, and NCSTN) with moderate to high impact were identified by WES analysis. Through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of 17 genes with somatic mutations, a total of 16 pathways were identified. Overall, the somatic mutations identified in this study suggest novel candidate mutations for CL, and further studies are needed to confirm the role of these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungryong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Namphil Kim
- Biophotonics and Nano Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Min Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Jang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daegu Health College, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Ki-Jeong Na
- Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.-M.K.)
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10
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Chen G, Leppert A, Poska H, Nilsson HE, Alvira CP, Zhong X, Koeck P, Jegerschöld C, Abelein A, Hebert H, Johansson J. Short hydrophobic loop motifs in BRICHOS domains determine chaperone activity against amorphous protein aggregation but not against amyloid formation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:497. [PMID: 37156997 PMCID: PMC10167226 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-independent molecular chaperones are important for maintaining cellular fitness but the molecular determinants for preventing aggregation of partly unfolded protein substrates remain unclear, particularly regarding assembly state and basis for substrate recognition. The BRICHOS domain can perform small heat shock (sHSP)-like chaperone functions to widely different degrees depending on its assembly state and sequence. Here, we observed three hydrophobic sequence motifs in chaperone-active domains, and found that they get surface-exposed when the BRICHOS domain assembles into larger oligomers. Studies of loop-swap variants and site-specific mutants further revealed that the biological hydrophobicities of the three short motifs linearly correlate with the efficiency to prevent amorphous protein aggregation. At the same time, they do not at all correlate with the ability to prevent ordered amyloid fibril formation. The linear correlations also accurately predict activities of chimeras containing short hydrophobic sequence motifs from a sHSP that is unrelated to BRICHOS. Our data indicate that short, exposed hydrophobic motifs brought together by oligomerisation are sufficient and necessary for efficient chaperone activity against amorphous protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helen Poska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Harriet E Nilsson
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Xueying Zhong
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Philip Koeck
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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11
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Muraleedharan A, Vanderperre B. The endo-lysosomal system in Parkinson's disease: expanding the horizon. J Mol Biol 2023:168140. [PMID: 37148997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, and its prevalence is increasing with age. A wealth of genetic evidence indicates that the endo-lysosomal system is a major pathway driving PD pathogenesis with a growing number of genes encoding endo-lysosomal proteins identified as risk factors for PD, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, detailed knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking these genes to the disease are available for only a handful of them (e.g. LRRK2, GBA1, VPS35). Taking on the challenge of studying poorly characterized genes and proteins can be daunting, due to the limited availability of tools and knowledge from previous literature. This review aims at providing a valuable source of molecular and cellular insights into the biology of lesser-studied PD-linked endo-lysosomal genes, to help and encourage researchers in filling the knowledge gap around these less popular genetic players. Specific endo-lysosomal pathways discussed range from endocytosis, sorting, and vesicular trafficking to the regulation of membrane lipids of these membrane-bound organelles and the specific enzymatic activities they contain. We also provide perspectives on future challenges that the community needs to tackle and propose approaches to move forward in our understanding of these poorly studied endo-lysosomal genes. This will help harness their potential in designing innovative and efficient treatments to ultimately re-establish neuronal homeostasis in PD but also other diseases involving endo-lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Muraleedharan
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Benoît Vanderperre
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
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12
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Shimozawa M, Tigro H, Biverstål H, Shevchenko G, Bergquist J, Moaddel R, Johansson J, Nilsson P. Identification of cytoskeletal proteins as binding partners of Bri2 BRICHOS domain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103843. [PMID: 36935047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins must fold into three-dimensional structures to execute their biological functions. Therefore, maintenance of protein homeostasis, proteostasis, including prevention of protein misfolding is essential for cellular activity and health. Molecular chaperones are key actors in proteostasis. BRICHOS domain is an intramolecular chaperone that also interferes with several aggregation-prone proteins including amyloid β (Aβ), involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To extend the knowledge about Bri2 BRICHOS interactome we here used recombinant human (rh) Bri2 BRICHOS-mCherry fusion protein to probe for potential binding partners. Firstly, exogenously added Bri2 BRICHOS-mCherry was used to stain brain sections of wildtype and amyloid precursor protein (App) knock-in AD mice exhibiting robust Aβ pathology. Unexpectedly, we found that rh Bri2 BRICHOS-mCherry stained the cytoplasm of neurons which are devoid of Aβ deposits. To identify these intraneuronal proteins that bind to the rh Bri2 BRICHOS domain, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of mouse brain hippocampi homogenates using the Bri2 BRICHOS-mCherry probe and analyzed co-IP proteins by LC-MS/MS. This identified several cytoskeletal proteins including spectrin alpha and beta chain, drebrin, tubulin β3, and β-actin as binding partners. The interactions were confirmed by a second round of pulldown experiments using rh Bri2 BRICHOS linked to magnetic beads. The interaction of rh Bri2 BRICHOS and tubulin β3 was further investigated by staining both mouse brain sections and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with rh Bri2 BRICHOS-mCherry and tubulin β3 immunostaining, which revealed partial co-localization. These data suggest a possible interplay of extracellular chaperone Bri2 BRICHOS domain in the intracellular space including the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shimozawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Helene Tigro
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallin, Estonia; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Biverstål
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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13
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Chen G, Andrade-Talavera Y, Zhong X, Hassan S, Biverstål H, Poska H, Abelein A, Leppert A, Kronqvist N, Rising A, Hebert H, Koeck PJB, Fisahn A, Johansson J. Abilities of the BRICHOS domain to prevent neurotoxicity and fibril formation are dependent on a highly conserved Asp residue. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1342-1358. [PMID: 36349220 PMCID: PMC9627735 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins can self-assemble into amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates and thereby cause disease. Molecular chaperones can prevent both these types of protein aggregation, but to what extent the respective mechanisms are overlapping is not fully understood. The BRICHOS domain constitutes a disease-associated chaperone family, with activities against amyloid neurotoxicity, fibril formation, and amorphous protein aggregation. Here, we show that the activities of BRICHOS against amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and fibril formation, respectively, are oppositely dependent on a conserved aspartate residue, while the ability to suppress amorphous protein aggregation is unchanged by Asp to Asn mutations. The Asp is evolutionarily highly conserved in >3000 analysed BRICHOS domains but is replaced by Asn in some BRICHOS families. The conserved Asp in its ionized state promotes structural flexibility and has a pK a value between pH 6.0 and 7.0, suggesting that chaperone effects can be differently affected by physiological pH variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Center for Alzheimer Research, Departments of NVS and KBH, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xueying Zhong
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Henrik Biverstål
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga LV-1006 Latvia
| | - Helen Poska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University Tallinn Estonia
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Nina Kronqvist
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Philip J B Koeck
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Center for Alzheimer Research, Departments of NVS and KBH, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
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14
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Leppert A, Chen G, Lianoudaki D, Williams C, Zhong X, Gilthorpe JD, Landreh M, Johansson J. ATP
‐independent molecular chaperone activity generated under reducing conditions. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4378. [PMID: 35900025 PMCID: PMC9278091 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are essential to maintain proteostasis. While the functions of intracellular molecular chaperones that oversee protein synthesis, folding and aggregation, are established, those specialized to work in the extracellular environment are less understood. Extracellular proteins reside in a considerably more oxidizing milieu than cytoplasmic proteins and are stabilized by abundant disulfide bonds. Hence, extracellular proteins are potentially destabilized and sensitive to aggregation under reducing conditions. We combine biochemical and mass spectrometry experiments and elucidate that the molecular chaperone functions of the extracellular protein domain Bri2 BRICHOS only appear under reducing conditions, through the assembly of monomers into large polydisperse oligomers by an intra‐ to intermolecular disulfide bond relay mechanism. Chaperone‐active assemblies of the Bri2 BRICHOS domain are efficiently generated by physiological thiol‐containing compounds and proteins, and appear in parallel with reduction‐induced aggregation of extracellular proteins. Our results give insights into how potent chaperone activity can be generated from inactive precursors under conditions that are destabilizing to most extracellular proteins and thereby support protein stability/folding in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Leppert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden
| | - Chloe Williams
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Xueying Zhong
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH) KTH Royal Institute of Technology Huddinge Sweden
| | | | - Michael Landreh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
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15
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Gharibyan AL, Wasana Jayaweera S, Lehmann M, Anan I, Olofsson A. Endogenous Human Proteins Interfering with Amyloid Formation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030446. [PMID: 35327638 PMCID: PMC8946693 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation is a pathological process associated with a wide range of degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2. During disease progression, abnormal accumulation and deposition of proteinaceous material are accompanied by tissue degradation, inflammation, and dysfunction. Agents that can interfere with the process of amyloid formation or target already formed amyloid assemblies are consequently of therapeutic interest. In this context, a few endogenous proteins have been associated with an anti-amyloidogenic activity. Here, we review the properties of transthyretin, apolipoprotein E, clusterin, and BRICHOS protein domain which all effectively interfere with amyloid in vitro, as well as displaying a clinical impact in humans or animal models. Their involvement in the amyloid formation process is discussed, which may aid and inspire new strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Gharibyan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Intissar Anan
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.)
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16
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Deconvolution of the MBP-Bri2 Interaction by a Yeast Two Hybrid System and Synergy of the AlphaFold2 and High Ambiguity Driven Protein-Protein Docking. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the key proteins in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, very few intracellular MBP partners have been identified up to now. In order to find proteins interacting with MBP in the brain, an expression library from the human brain was screened using a yeast two-hybrid system. Here we showed that MBP interacts with the C-terminal 24-residue peptide of Integral transmembrane protein II associated with familial British and Danish dementia (ITM2B/Bri2 or Bri2). This peptide (Bri23R) was one residue longer than the known Bri23 peptide, which is cleaved from the C-terminus of Bri2 during its maturation in the Golgi and has physiological activity as a modulator of amyloid precursor protein processing. Since the spatial structures for both MBP and Bri2 were not known, we used computational methods of structural biology including an artificial intelligence system AlphaFold2 and high ambiguity driven protein-protein docking (HADDOCK 2.1) to gain a mechanistic explanation of the found protein-protein interaction and elucidate a possible structure of the complex of MBP with Bri23R peptide. As expected, MBP was mostly unstructured, although it has well-defined α-helical regions, while Bri23R forms a stable β-hairpin. Simulation of the interaction between MBP and Bri23R in two different environments, as parts of the two-hybrid system fusion proteins and in the form of single polypeptides, showed that MBP twists around Bri23R. The observed interaction results in the adjustment of the size of the internal space between MBP α-helices to the size of the β-hairpin of Bri23R. Since Bri23 is known to inhibit aggregation of amyloid oligomers, and the association of MBP to the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer shares features with amyloid fibril formation, Bri23 may serve as a peptide chaperon for MBP, thus participating in myelin membrane assembly.
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17
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Dickens JA, Rutherford EN, Abreu S, Chambers JE, Ellis MO, van Schadewijk A, Hiemstra PS, Marciniak SJ. Novel insights into surfactant protein C trafficking revealed through the study of a pathogenic mutant. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100267. [PMID: 34049951 PMCID: PMC8792467 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00267-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but remains incompletely understood. Some monogenic forms of pulmonary fibrosis are associated with expression of mutant surfactant protein C (SFTPC). The commonest pathogenic mutant, I73T, mislocalises to the alveolar epithelial cell plasma membrane and displays a toxic gain of function. Because the mechanisms explaining the link between this mutant and IPF are incompletely understood, we sought to interrogate SFTPC trafficking in health and disease to understand the functional significance of SFTPC-I73T relocalisation. METHODS We performed mechanistic analysis of SFTPC trafficking in a cell model that reproduces the in vivo phenotype and validated findings in human primary alveolar organoids. RESULTS We show that wild-type SFTPC takes an unexpected indirect trafficking route via the plasma membrane and undergoes the first of multiple cleavage events before reaching the multivesicular body (MVB) for further processing. SFTPC-I73T takes this same route, but its progress is retarded both at the cell surface and due to failure of trafficking into the MVB. Unable to undergo onward trafficking, it is recycled to the plasma membrane as a partially cleaved intermediate. CONCLUSION These data show for the first time that all SFTPC transits the cell surface during normal trafficking, and the I73T mutation accumulates at the cell surface through both retarded trafficking and active recycling. This understanding of normal SFTPC trafficking and how the I73T mutant disturbs it provides novel insight into SFTPC biology in health and disease, and in the contribution of the SFTPC mutant to IPF development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana Abreu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Martins F, Santos I, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Tambaro S, Rebelo S. The role of the integral type II transmembrane protein BRI2 in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6807-6822. [PMID: 34480585 PMCID: PMC11072861 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BRI2 is a type II transmembrane protein ubiquitously expressed whose physiological function remains poorly understood. Although several recent important advances have substantially impacted on our understanding of BRI2 biology and function, providing valuable information for further studies on BRI2. These findings have contributed to a better understanding of BRI2 biology and the underlying signaling pathways involved. In turn, these might provide novel insights with respect to neurodegeneration processes inherent to BRI2-related pathologies, namely Familial British and Danish dementias, Alzheimer's disease, ITM2B-related retinal dystrophy, and multiple sclerosis. In this review, we provided a state-of-the-art outline of BRI2 biology, both in physiological and pathological conditions, and discuss the proposed molecular underlying mechanisms. Overall, the BRI2 knowledge here reviewed is of extreme importance and may contribute to propose BRI2 and/or BRI2 proteolytic fragments as novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabela Santos
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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19
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Mentrup T, Schröder B. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 proteases: Regulatory switches or proteasome of the membrane? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119163. [PMID: 34673079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 (SPPL) proteases constitute a subfamily of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases which are homologues of the presenilins, the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex. The three SPPL2 proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b and SPPL2c proteolyse single-span, type II-oriented transmembrane proteins and/or tail-anchored proteins within their hydrophobic transmembrane segments. We review recent progress in defining substrate spectra and in vivo functions of these proteases. Characterisation of the respective knockout mice has implicated SPPL2 proteases in immune cell differentiation and function, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development and spermatogenesis. Mechanisms how substrates are selected by these enzymes are still incompletely understood. We will discuss current views on how selective SPPL2-mediated cleavage is or whether these proteases may exhibit a generalised role in the turnover of membrane proteins. This has been suggested previously for the mechanistically related γ-secretase for which the term "proteasome of the membrane" has been coined based on its broad substrate spectrum. With regard to individual substrates, potential signalling functions of the resulting cytosolic cleavage fragments remain a controversial aspect. However, it has been clearly shown that SPPL2 proteases can influence cellular signalling and membrane trafficking by controlling levels of their membrane-bound substrate proteins which highlights these enzymes as regulatory switches. Based on this, regulatory mechanisms controlling activity of SPPL2 proteases would need to be postulated, which are just beginning to emerge. These different questions, which are relevant for other families of intramembrane proteases in a similar way, will be critically discussed based on the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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20
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Andrade-Talavera Y, Chen G, Kurudenkandy FR, Johansson J, Fisahn A. Bri2 BRICHOS chaperone rescues impaired fast-spiking interneuron behavior and neuronal network dynamics in an AD mouse model in vitro. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105514. [PMID: 34555537 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronized and properly balanced electrical activity of neurons is the basis for the brain's ability to process information, to learn, and to remember. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), which causes cognitive decline in patients, this synchronization and balance is disturbed by the accumulation of neuropathological biomarkers such as amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ42). Failure of Aβ42 clearance mechanisms as well as desynchronization of crucial neuronal classes such as fast-spiking interneurons (FSN) are root causes for the disruption of the cognition-relevant gamma brain rhythm (30-80 Hz) and consequent cognitive impairment observed in AD. Here we show that recombinant BRICHOS molecular chaperone domains from ProSP-C or Bri2, which interfere with Aβ42 aggregation, can rescue the gamma rhythm. We demonstrate that Aβ42 progressively decreases gamma oscillation power and rhythmicity, disrupts the inhibition/excitation balance in pyramidal cells, and desynchronizes FSN firing during gamma oscillations in the hippocampal CA3 network of mice. Application of the more efficacious Bri2 BRICHOS chaperone rescued the cellular and neuronal network performance from all ongoing Aβ42-induced functional impairments. Collectively, our findings offer critical missing data to explain the importance of FSN for normal network function and underscore the therapeutic potential of Bri2 BRICHOS to rescue the disruption of cognition-relevant brain rhythms in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Gefei Chen
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Firoz Roshan Kurudenkandy
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden.
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21
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First identification of ITM2B interactome in the human retina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17210. [PMID: 34446781 PMCID: PMC8390696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integral Membrane Protein 2 B (ITM2B) is a type II ubiquitous transmembrane protein which role remains unclear. ITM2B mutations have been associated with different disorders: mutations leading to longer mutant proteins have been reported in two distinct Alzheimer-like autosomal dominant disorders with early-onset progressive dementia and cerebellar ataxia. Both disorders share neurological features including severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy, non-neuritic plaques, and fibrillary tangles as in Alzheimer disease. Our group reported a missense mutation in ITM2B, in an unusual retinal dystrophy with no dementia. This finding suggests a specific role of ITM2B in the retina. As the identification of retinal-specific ITM2B partners could bring new insights into the cellular functions of ITM2B, we performed quantitative proteomics of ITM2B interactome of the human retina. Overall, 457 ITM2B partners were identified with 8 of them involved in visual transduction. In addition, bulk Gene Ontology analyses showed that many ITM2B partners are involved in several other biological functions, such as microtubule organization, protein translation and interestingly, mitochondrial homeostasis. These data represent the first report of the ITM2B interactome in the human retina and may serve as a valuable inventory of new potential ITM2B partners for future investigations of ITM2B physiological functions and dysfunctions.
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22
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Spitz C, Schlosser C, Guschtschin-Schmidt N, Stelzer W, Menig S, Götz A, Haug-Kröper M, Scharnagl C, Langosch D, Muhle-Goll C, Fluhrer R. Non-canonical Shedding of TNFα by SPPL2a Is Determined by the Conformational Flexibility of Its Transmembrane Helix. iScience 2020; 23:101775. [PMID: 33294784 PMCID: PMC7689174 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain (EC) shedding defines the proteolytic removal of a membrane protein EC and acts as an important molecular switch in signaling and other cellular processes. Using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α as a model substrate, we identify a non-canonical shedding activity of SPPL2a, an intramembrane cleaving aspartyl protease of the GxGD type. Proline insertions in the TNFα transmembrane (TM) helix strongly increased SPPL2a non-canonical shedding, while leucine mutations decreased this cleavage. Using biophysical and structural analysis, as well as molecular dynamic simulations, we identified a flexible region in the center of the TNFα wildtype TM domain, which plays an important role in the processing of TNFα by SPPL2a. This study combines molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics to provide insights into the dynamic architecture of a substrate's TM helix and its impact on non-canonical shedding. Thus, these data will provide the basis to identify further physiological substrates of non-canonical shedding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Spitz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schlosser
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Guschtschin-Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, 76344 Eggenstein- Leopoldshafen, Germany and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Walter Stelzer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Simon Menig
- Physics of Synthetic Biological Systems, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 4, 85340 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Götz
- Present Address: Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, Boltzmannstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haug-Kröper
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christina Scharnagl
- Physics of Synthetic Biological Systems, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 4, 85340 Freising, Germany
| | - Dieter Langosch
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Muhle-Goll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, 76344 Eggenstein- Leopoldshafen, Germany and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.,DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Feodor-Lynen-Str 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
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23
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Yin T, Yao W, Lemenze AD, D'Adamio L. Danish and British dementia ITM2b/BRI2 mutations reduce BRI2 protein stability and impair glutamatergic synaptic transmission. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100054. [PMID: 33172889 PMCID: PMC7948410 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2b/BRI2) gene cause familial British and Danish dementia (FBD and FDD), autosomal dominant disorders characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration. Two pathogenic mechanisms, which may not be mutually exclusive, have been proposed for FDD and FBD: 1) loss of BRI2 function; 2) accumulation of amyloidogenic mutant BRI2-derived peptides, but the mechanistic details remain unclear. We have previously reported a physiological role of BRI2 in excitatory synaptic transmission at both presynaptic termini and postsynaptic termini. To test whether pathogenic ITM2b mutations affect these physiological BRI2 functions, we analyzed glutamatergic transmission in FDD and FBD knock-in mice, which carry pathogenic FDD and FBD mutations into the mouse endogenous Itm2b gene. We show that in both mutant lines, spontaneous glutamate release and AMPAR-mediated responses are decreased, while short-term synaptic facilitation is increased, effects similar to those observed in Itm2bKO mice. In vivo and in vitro studies show that both pathogenic mutations alter maturation of BRI2 resulting in reduced levels of functional mature BRI2 protein at synapses. Collectively, the data show that FDD and FBD mutations cause a reduction of BRI2 levels and function at synapses, which results in reduced glutamatergic transmission. Notably, other genes mutated in Familial dementia, such as APP, PSEN1/PSEN2, are implicated in glutamatergic synaptic transmission, a function that is altered by pathogenic mutations. Thus, defects in excitatory neurotransmitter release may represent a general and convergent mechanism leading to neurodegeneration. Targeting these dysfunction may offer a unique disease modifying method of therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander D Lemenze
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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24
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Molecular assessment and transcriptome profiling of wild fish populations of Oryzias mekongensis and O. songkhramensis (Adrianichthyidae: Beloniformes) from Thailand. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242382. [PMID: 33211755 PMCID: PMC7676673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the fish of the genus Oryzias, two species are frequently used as model animals in biological research. In Thailand, Oryzias mekongensis is usually found in natural freshwater near the Mekong Basin in the northeast region, while O. songkhramensis inhabits the Songkhram Basin. For differential morphological identification, the coloured bands on the dorsal and ventral margins of the caudal fin are used to distinguish O. mekongensis from O. songkhramensis. However, these characteristics are insufficient to justify species differentiation, and little molecular evidence is available to supplement them. This study aimed to investigate the molecular population and transcriptome profiles of adult O. mekongensis and O. songkhramensis. In the molecular tree based on cytochrome b sequences, O. mekongensis exhibited four clades that were clearly distinguished from O. songkhramensis. Clade 1 of the O. mekongensis population was close to the Mekong River and lived in the eastern portion of the upper northeast region. Clade 2 was far from the Mekong River and inhabited the middle region of the Songkhram River. Clade 3 was positioned to the west of the Songkhram River, and clade 4 was to the south of the Songkhram River Basin. After RNA sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, the gene category annotations hardly differentiated the species and were discussed in the text. Based on the present findings, population dispersal of these Oryzias species might be associated with geographic variations of the upper northeast region. Molecular genetics and transcriptome profiling might advance our understanding of the evolution of teleost fish.
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25
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Chaplot K, Jarvela TS, Lindberg I. Secreted Chaperones in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:268. [PMID: 33192447 PMCID: PMC7481362 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is a combination of cellular processes that govern protein quality control, namely, protein translation, folding, processing, and degradation. Disruptions in these processes can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation. Proteostatic disruption can lead to cellular changes such as endoplasmic reticulum or oxidative stress; organelle dysfunction; and, if continued, to cell death. A majority of neurodegenerative diseases involve the pathologic aggregation of proteins that subverts normal neuronal function. While prior reviews of neuronal proteostasis in neurodegenerative processes have focused on cytoplasmic chaperones, there is increasing evidence that chaperones secreted both by neurons and other brain cells in the extracellular – including transsynaptic – space play important roles in neuronal proteostasis. In this review, we will introduce various secreted chaperones involved in neurodegeneration. We begin with clusterin and discuss its identification in various protein aggregates, and the use of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin as a potential biomarker and as a potential therapeutic. Our next secreted chaperone is progranulin; polymorphisms in this gene represent a known genetic risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and progranulin overexpression has been found to be effective in reducing Alzheimer’s- and Parkinson’s-like neurodegenerative phenotypes in mouse models. We move on to BRICHOS domain-containing proteins, a family of proteins containing highly potent anti-amyloidogenic activity; we summarize studies describing the biochemical mechanisms by which recombinant BRICHOS protein might serve as a therapeutic agent. The next section of the review is devoted to the secreted chaperones 7B2 and proSAAS, small neuronal proteins which are packaged together with neuropeptides and released during synaptic activity. Since proteins can be secreted by both classical secretory and non-classical mechanisms, we also review the small heat shock proteins (sHsps) that can be secreted from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment and provide evidence for their involvement in extracellular proteostasis and neuroprotection. Our goal in this review focusing on extracellular chaperones in neurodegenerative disease is to summarize the most recent literature relating to neurodegeneration for each secreted chaperone; to identify any common mechanisms; and to point out areas of similarity as well as differences between the secreted chaperones identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Chaplot
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy S Jarvela
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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26
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Signal Peptide Peptidase-Type Proteases: Versatile Regulators with Functions Ranging from Limited Proteolysis to Protein Degradation. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5063-5078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Poska H, Leppert A, Tigro H, Zhong X, Kaldmäe M, Nilsson HE, Hebert H, Chen G, Johansson J. Recombinant Bri3 BRICHOS domain is a molecular chaperone with effect against amyloid formation and non-fibrillar protein aggregation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9817. [PMID: 32555390 PMCID: PMC7299998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones assist proteins in achieving a functional structure and prevent them from misfolding into aggregates, including disease-associated deposits. The BRICHOS domain from familial dementia associated protein Bri2 (or ITM2B) probably chaperones its specific proprotein region with high β-sheet propensity during biosynthesis. Recently, Bri2 BRICHOS activity was found to extend to other amyloidogenic, fibril forming peptides, in particular, Alzheimer’s disease associated amyloid-β peptide, as well as to amorphous aggregate forming proteins. However, the biological functions of the central nervous system specific homologue Bri3 BRICHOS are still to be elucidated. Here we give a detailed characterisation of the recombinant human (rh) Bri3 BRICHOS domain and compare its structural and functional properties with rh Bri2 BRICHOS. The results show that rh Bri3 BRICHOS forms more and larger oligomers, somewhat more efficiently prevents non-fibrillar protein aggregation, and less efficiently reduces Aβ42 fibril formation compared to rh Bri2 BRICHOS. This suggests that Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS have overlapping molecular mechanisms and that their apparently different tissue expression and processing may result in different physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Poska
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helene Tigro
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Xueying Zhong
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Margit Kaldmäe
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum, Solna, Sweden
| | - Harriet E Nilsson
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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28
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Maurer S, Kopp HG, Salih HR, Kropp KN. Modulation of Immune Responses by Platelet-Derived ADAM10. Front Immunol 2020; 11:44. [PMID: 32117229 PMCID: PMC7012935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have a crucial function in maintaining hemostasis. However, beyond their role in coagulation and thrombus formation, platelets have been implicated to affect various pathophysiological conditions such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. It is well-established that platelets aid local cancer growth by providing growth factors or contributing to cancer angiogenesis. In addition, they promote metastasis, among others by facilitation of tumor cell-extravasation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition as well as protecting metastasizing cancer cells from immunosurveillance. A variety of membrane-bound and soluble platelet-derived factors are involved in these processes, and many aspects of platelet biology in both health and disease are regulated by platelet-associated metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. Platelets synthesize (i) members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and also inhibitors of MMPs such as members of the "tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases" (TIMP) family as well as (ii) members of the "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase" (ADAM) family including ADAM10. Notably, platelet-associated metalloproteinase activity not only influences functions of platelets themselves: platelets can also induce expression and/or release of metalloproteinases e.g., in leukocytes or cancer cells, and ADAMs are emerging as important components by which platelets directly affect other cell types and function. This review outlines the function of metalloproteinases in platelet biology with a focus on ADAM10 and discusses the role of platelet-derived metalloproteinases in the interaction of platelets with components of the immune system and/or cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maurer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Departments of Molecular Oncology and Thoracic Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian N Kropp
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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29
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Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics: Review of Novel Loci Associated with Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-020-00182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Chen G, Andrade-Talavera Y, Tambaro S, Leppert A, Nilsson HE, Zhong X, Landreh M, Nilsson P, Hebert H, Biverstål H, Fisahn A, Abelein A, Johansson J. Augmentation of Bri2 molecular chaperone activity against amyloid-β reduces neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus in vitro. Commun Biol 2020; 3:32. [PMID: 31959875 PMCID: PMC6971075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones play important roles in preventing protein misfolding and its potentially harmful consequences. Deterioration of molecular chaperone systems upon ageing are thought to underlie age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and augmenting their activities could have therapeutic potential. The dementia relevant domain BRICHOS from the Bri2 protein shows qualitatively different chaperone activities depending on quaternary structure, and assembly of monomers into high-molecular weight oligomers reduces the ability to prevent neurotoxicity induced by the Alzheimer-associated amyloid-β peptide 1-42 (Aβ42). Here we design a Bri2 BRICHOS mutant (R221E) that forms stable monomers and selectively blocks a main source of toxic species during Aβ42 aggregation. Wild type Bri2 BRICHOS oligomers are partly disassembled into monomers in the presence of the R221E mutant, which leads to potentiated ability to prevent Aβ42 toxicity to neuronal network activity. These results suggest that the activity of endogenous molecular chaperones may be modulated to enhance anti-Aβ42 neurotoxic effects. Gefei Chen et al. show that a mutated BRICHOS molecular chaperone domain from the dementia associated Bri2 can reduce toxicity of amyloid formation in mouse hippocampus in vitro. Upon mutating Arg221 to glutamate, Bri2 BRICHOS forms stable monomers that block a source of neurotoxicity during Aβ aggregation and promote disassembly of wild-type oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Harriet E Nilsson
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xueying Zhong
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Landreh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Biverstål
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - André Fisahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.
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31
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Lee YJ, Ch'ng TH. RIP at the Synapse and the Role of Intracellular Domains in Neurons. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:1-24. [PMID: 31346933 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) occurs in a cell when transmembrane proteins are cleaved by intramembrane proteases such as secretases to generate soluble protein fragments in the extracellular environment and the cytosol. In the cytosol, these soluble intracellular domains (ICDs) have local functions near the site of cleavage or in many cases, translocate to the nucleus to modulate gene expression. While the mechanism of RIP is relatively well studied, the fate and function of ICDs for most substrate proteins remain poorly characterized. In neurons, RIP occurs in various subcellular compartments including at the synapse. In this review, we summarize current research on RIP in neurons, focusing specifically on synaptic proteins where the presence and function of the ICDs have been reported. We also briefly discuss activity-driven processing of RIP substrates at the synapse and the cellular machinery that support long-distance transport of ICDs from the synapse to the nucleus. Finally, we describe future challenges in this field of research in the context of understanding the contribution of ICDs in neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jun Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 10-01-01 M, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toh Hean Ch'ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 10-01-01 M, Singapore, 308232, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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32
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Yao W, Yin T, Tambini MD, D'Adamio L. The Familial dementia gene ITM2b/BRI2 facilitates glutamate transmission via both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4862. [PMID: 30890756 PMCID: PMC6425013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2b/BRI2) gene, which codes for a protein called BRI2, cause familial British and Danish dementia (FBD and FDD). Loss of BRI2 function and/or accumulation of amyloidogenic mutant BRI2-derived peptides have been proposed to mediate FDD and FBD pathogenesis by impairing synaptic Long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the precise site and nature of the synaptic dysfunction remain unknown. Here we use a genetic approach to inactivate Itm2b in either presynaptic (CA3), postsynaptic (CA1) or both (CA3 + CA1) neurons of the hippocampal Schaeffer-collateral pathway in both female and male mice. We show that after CA3 + CA1 Itm2b inactivation, spontaneous glutamate release and AMPAR-mediated responses are decreased, while short-term synaptic facilitation is increased. Moreover, AMPAR-mediated responses are decreased after postsynaptic but not presynaptic deletion of Itm2b. In contrast, the probability of spontaneous glutamate release is decreased, while short-term synaptic facilitation is increased, primarily after presynaptic deletion of Itm2b. Collectively, these results indicate a dual physiological role of Itm2b in the regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission at both presynaptic termini and postsynaptic termini and suggest that presynaptic and postsynaptic dysfunctions may be a pathogenic event leading to dementia and neurodegeneration in FDD and FBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Marc D Tambini
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience New Jersey Medical School, Brain Health Institute, Jacqueline Krieger Klein Center in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Niemeyer J, Mentrup T, Heidasch R, Müller SA, Biswas U, Meyer R, Papadopoulou AA, Dederer V, Haug-Kröper M, Adamski V, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Bergmann M, Mayerhofer A, Saftig P, Wennemuth G, Jessberger R, Fluhrer R, Lichtenthaler SF, Lemberg MK, Schröder B. The intramembrane protease SPPL2c promotes male germ cell development by cleaving phospholamban. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846449. [PMID: 30733280 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the four homologous SPP-like (SPPL) proteases constitute a family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases with selectivity for type II-oriented transmembrane segments. Here, we analyse the physiological function of the orphan protease SPPL2c, previously considered to represent a non-expressed pseudogene. We demonstrate proteolytic activity of SPPL2c towards selected tail-anchored proteins. Despite shared ER localisation, SPPL2c and SPP exhibit distinct, though partially overlapping substrate spectra and inhibitory profiles, and are organised in different high molecular weight complexes. Interestingly, SPPL2c is specifically expressed in murine and human testis where it is primarily localised in spermatids. In mice, SPPL2c deficiency leads to a partial loss of elongated spermatids and reduced motility of mature spermatozoa, but preserved fertility. However, matings of male and female SPPL2c -/- mice exhibit reduced litter sizes. Using proteomics we identify the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2)-regulating protein phospholamban (PLN) as a physiological SPPL2c substrate. Accumulation of PLN correlates with a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels in elongated spermatids that likely contribute to the compromised male germ cell differentiation and function of SPPL2c -/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Niemeyer
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronny Heidasch
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rieke Meyer
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Dederer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Haug-Kröper
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivian Adamski
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC) München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany .,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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34
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Liu L, Ding L, Rovere M, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ. A cellular complex of BACE1 and γ-secretase sequentially generates Aβ from its full-length precursor. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:644-663. [PMID: 30626721 PMCID: PMC6363461 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liu et al. describe a previously unrecognized cellular complex (∼5 MD) containing β- and γ-secretases that generates a full array of Aβ peptides with physiological Aβ42/40 ratios by sequential cleavages of holo-APP. Such coordinated substrate processing also occurs with the α- and γ-secretases in the RIP mechanism. Intramembrane proteolysis of transmembrane substrates by the presenilin–γ-secretase complex is preceded and regulated by shedding of the substrate’s ectodomain by α- or β-secretase. We asked whether β- and γ-secretases interact to mediate efficient sequential processing of APP, generating the amyloid β (Aβ) peptides that initiate Alzheimer’s disease. We describe a hitherto unrecognized multiprotease complex containing active β- and γ-secretases. BACE1 coimmunoprecipitated and cofractionated with γ-secretase in cultured cells and in mouse and human brain. An endogenous high molecular weight (HMW) complex (∼5 MD) containing β- and γ-secretases and holo-APP was catalytically active in vitro and generated a full array of Aβ peptides, with physiological Aβ42/40 ratios. The isolated complex responded properly to γ-secretase modulators. Alzheimer’s-causing mutations in presenilin altered the Aβ42/40 peptide ratio generated by the HMW β/γ-secretase complex indistinguishably from that observed in whole cells. Thus, Aβ is generated from holo-APP by a BACE1–γ-secretase complex that provides sequential, efficient RIP processing of full-length substrates to final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Ding
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matteo Rovere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Chemistry, Lawrence, KS
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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35
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Kong XF, Martinez-Barricarte R, Kennedy J, Mele F, Lazarov T, Deenick EK, Ma CS, Breton G, Lucero KB, Langlais D, Bousfiha A, Aytekin C, Markle J, Trouillet C, Jabot-Hanin F, Arlehamn CSL, Rao G, Picard C, Lasseau T, Latorre D, Hambleton S, Deswarte C, Itan Y, Abarca K, Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Ailal F, Ikinciogullari A, Dogu F, Benhsaien I, Sette A, Abel L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Schröder B, Nussenzweig MC, Liu K, Geissmann F, Tangye SG, Gros P, Sallusto F, Bustamante J, Casanova JL. Disruption of an antimycobacterial circuit between dendritic and helper T cells in human SPPL2a deficiency. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:973-985. [PMID: 30127434 PMCID: PMC6130844 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases. We describe patients with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) disease who are homozygous for loss-of-function mutations of SPPL2A. This gene encodes a transmembrane protease that degrades the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of CD74 (HLA invariant chain) in antigen-presenting cells. The CD74 NTF therefore accumulates in the HLA class II+ myeloid and lymphoid cells of SPPL2a-deficient patients. This toxic fragment selectively depletes IL-12- and IL-23-producing CD1c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) and their circulating progenitors. Moreover, SPPL2a-deficient memory TH1* cells selectively fail to produce IFN-γ when stimulated with mycobacterial antigens in vitro. Finally, Sppl2a-/- mice lack cDC2s, have CD4+ T cells that produce small amounts of IFN-γ after BCG infection, and are highly susceptible to infection with BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These findings suggest that inherited SPPL2a deficiency in humans underlies mycobacterial disease by decreasing the numbers of cDC2s and impairing IFN-γ production by mycobacterium-specific memory TH1* cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Kong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - James Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Federico Mele
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaëlle Breton
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Kimberly B Lucero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Caner Aytekin
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Janet Markle
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Céline Trouillet
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Capucine Picard
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Théo Lasseau
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Daniela Latorre
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Katia Abarca
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dewton Moraes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Ailal
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aydan Ikinciogullari
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Dogu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibtihal Benhsaien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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36
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Lichtenthaler SF, Lemberg MK, Fluhrer R. Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in mammals-hardware, concepts, and recent developments. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99456. [PMID: 29976761 PMCID: PMC6068445 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic removal of membrane protein ectodomains (ectodomain shedding) is a post-translational modification that controls levels and function of hundreds of membrane proteins. The contributing proteases, referred to as sheddases, act as important molecular switches in processes ranging from signaling to cell adhesion. When deregulated, ectodomain shedding is linked to pathologies such as inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. While proteases of the "a disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) and "beta-site APP cleaving enzyme" (BACE) families are widely considered as sheddases, in recent years a much broader range of proteases, including intramembrane and soluble proteases, were shown to catalyze similar cleavage reactions. This review demonstrates that shedding is a fundamental process in cell biology and discusses the current understanding of sheddases and their substrates, molecular mechanisms and cellular localizations, as well as physiological functions of protein ectodomain shedding. Moreover, we provide an operational definition of shedding and highlight recent conceptual advances in the field. While new developments in proteomics facilitate substrate discovery, we expect that shedding is not a rare exception, but rather the rule for many membrane proteins, and that many more interesting shedding functions await discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Biomedizinisches Centrum (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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37
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Matsuda S, Senda T. BRI2 as an anti-Alzheimer gene. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Song M, Song K, Kim S, Lee J, Hwang S, Han C. Caenorhabditis elegans BRICHOS Domain-Containing Protein C09F5.1 Maintains Thermotolerance and Decreases Cytotoxicity of Aβ 42 by Activating the UPR. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E160. [PMID: 29534049 PMCID: PMC5867881 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans C09F5.1 is a nematode-specific gene that encodes a type II transmembrane protein containing the BRICHOS domain. The gene was isolated as a heat-sensitive mutant, but the function of the protein remained unclear. We examined the expression pattern and subcellular localization of C09F5.1 as well as its roles in thermotolerance and chaperone function. Expression of C09F5.1 under heat shock conditions was induced in a heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1)-dependent manner. However, under normal growth conditions, most cells types exposed to mechanical stimuli expressed C09F5.1. Knockdown of C09F5.1 expression or deletion of the N-terminal domain decreased thermotolerance. The BRICHOS domain of C09F5.1 did not exhibit chaperone function unlike those of other proteins containing this domain, but the domain was essential for the proper subcellular localization of the protein. Intact C09F5.1 was localized to the Golgi body, but the N-terminal domain of C09F5.1 (C09F5.1-NTD) was retained in the ER. C09F5.1-NTD delayed paralysis by beta-amyloid (1-42) protein (Aβ42) in Alzheimer's disease model worms (CL4176) and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) by interacting with Aβ42. An intrinsically disordered region (IDR) located at the N-terminus of C09F5.1 may be responsible for the chaperone function of C09F5.1-NTD. Taken together, the data suggest that C09F5.1 triggers the UPR by interacting with abnormal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungchul Song
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Song
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- LG Household & Health Care, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Sunghee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea.
| | - Sueyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hankyung National University, Anseong 17579, Korea.
| | - Chingtack Han
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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39
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BRICHOS domain of Bri2 inhibits islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibril formation and toxicity in human beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2752-E2761. [PMID: 29507232 PMCID: PMC5866560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715951115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)-containing amyloid fibrils is the main pathological finding in pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes. The formation of these IAPP amyloid fibrils is considered toxic and may constitute a major cause for the loss of insulin-producing beta cells. The protein domain BRICHOS is present in several different proproteins and possesses antiamyloid chaperone activity. This study demonstrates expression of the BRICHOS-containing protein Bri2 in human pancreatic beta cells and its colocalization with IAPP. The Bri2 BRICHOS domain effectively prevents IAPP from forming fibrils and protects cells from the toxicity associated with IAPP fibrillation. It is concluded that the Bri2 BRICHOS domain may act as an endogenous inhibitor of IAPP amyloid formation in pancreatic beta cells. Aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) into amyloid fibrils in islets of Langerhans is associated with type 2 diabetes, and formation of toxic IAPP species is believed to contribute to the loss of insulin-producing beta cells. The BRICHOS domain of integral membrane protein 2B (Bri2), a transmembrane protein expressed in several peripheral tissues and in the brain, has recently been shown to prevent fibril formation and toxicity of Aβ42, an amyloid-forming peptide in Alzheimer disease. In this study, we demonstrate expression of Bri2 in human islets and in the human beta-cell line EndoC-βH1. Bri2 colocalizes with IAPP intracellularly and is present in amyloid deposits in patients with type 2 diabetes. The BRICHOS domain of Bri2 effectively inhibits fibril formation in vitro and instead redirects IAPP into formation of amorphous aggregates. Reduction of endogenous Bri2 in EndoC-βH1 cells with siRNA increases sensitivity to metabolic stress leading to cell death while a concomitant overexpression of Bri2 BRICHOS is protective. Also, coexpression of IAPP and Bri2 BRICHOS in lateral ventral neurons of Drosophila melanogaster results in an increased cell survival. IAPP is considered to be the most amyloidogenic peptide known, and described findings identify Bri2, or in particular its BRICHOS domain, as an important potential endogenous inhibitor of IAPP aggregation and toxicity, with the potential to be a possible target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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40
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Martins F, Marafona AM, Pereira CD, Müller T, Loosse C, Kolbe K, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Rebelo S. Identification and characterization of the BRI2 interactome in the brain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3548. [PMID: 29476059 PMCID: PMC5824958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BRI family proteins are ubiquitous type II transmembrane proteins but BRI2 is highly expressed in some neuronal tissues. Possible BRI2 functions include neuronal maturation and differentiation. Protein complexes appear to be important in mediating its functions. Previously described BRI2 interactors include the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein and protein phosphatase 1, but clearly the identification of novel interactors provides an important tool to understand the role and function of BRI2. To this end three rat brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex) were processed by BRI2 immunoprecipitation; co-precipitating proteins were identified by Nano-HPLC-MS/MS. The pool of the brain regions resulted in 511 BRI2 interacting proteins (BRI2 brain interactome) of which 120 were brain specific and 49 involved in neuronal differentiation. Brain region-specific analyses were also carried out for cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. Several novel BRI2 interactors were identified among them DLG4/PSD-95, which is singularly important as it places BRI2 in the postsynaptic compartment. This interaction was validated as well as the interaction with GAP-43 and synaptophysin. In essence, the resulting BRI2 brain interactome, associates this protein with neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation, as well as synaptic signalling and plasticity. It follows that further studies should address BRI2 particularly given its relevance to neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Marafona
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia D Pereira
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thorsten Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e. V., Dortmund, Germany
- Cell Signaling, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Clinical Center of the University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Loosse
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e. V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolbe
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e. V., Dortmund, Germany
- Cell Signaling, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Clinical Center of the University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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41
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Dolfe L, Tambaro S, Tigro H, Del Campo M, Hoozemans JJM, Wiehager B, Graff C, Winblad B, Ankarcrona M, Kaldmäe M, Teunissen CE, Rönnbäck A, Johansson J, Presto J. The Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS Domains Interact Differently with Aβ 42 and Alzheimer Amyloid Plaques. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:27-39. [PMID: 30480246 PMCID: PMC6159705 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and there is no successful treatment available. Evidence suggests that fibril formation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a major underlying cause of AD, and treatment strategies that reduce the toxic effects of Aβ amyloid are sought for. The BRICHOS domain is found in several proteins, including Bri2 (also called integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B)), mutants of which are associated with amyloid and neurodegeneration, and Bri3 (ITM2C). We have used mouse hippocampal neurons and brain tissues from mice and humans and show Bri3 deposits dispersed on AD plaques. In contrast to what has been shown for Bri2, Bri3 immunoreactivity is decreased in AD brain homogenates compared to controls. Both Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS domains interact with Aβ40 and Aβ42 present in neurons and reduce Aβ42 amyloid fibril formation in vitro, but Bri3 BRICHOS is less efficient. These results indicate that Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS have different roles in relation to Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dolfe
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helene Tigro
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Wiehager
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Genetic Unit, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Margit Kaldmäe
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annica Rönnbäck
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jenny Presto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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42
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Expression Pattern of the BCL6 and ITM2B Proteins in Normal Human Brains and in Alzheimer Disease. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 25:489-496. [PMID: 26862951 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We reported that the integral membrane 2B gene (ITM2B, also called BRI2) is a target of BCL6 repression in lymphomas. Molecular alterations in ITM2B are associated with 2 neurodegenerative diseases, Familial British and Danish dementia, and dysregulation of ITM2B function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although ITM2B expression has been studied, the distribution of BCL6 in human brain has not been described. Our goal is to analyze BCL6 and ITM2B localization in normal human brains and in AD by immunohistochemistry to understand their relationship. We found that, in general, they have a reciprocal relationship. BCL6 expression is present in isolated cortical neurons, granule cells in the cerebellum, scattered glial cells, and in some cells of the ependyma and choroid plexus. ITM2B is expressed in most cortical neurons, neurons of the hippocampus and dentate nucleus, cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells, and (newly described here) in focal neurons in the basal ganglia, many neurons of the thalamus and brainstem, many cells in the ependyma and choroid plexus, and in the smooth muscle of blood vessels. ITM2B expression is prominent in plaques in AD-containing dystrophic neurites but absent in neurofibrillary tangles; BCL6 expression is absent in neurofibrillary tangles and in the nuclei of cells associated with plaques in AD. It is essential to understand the localization of BCL6 and ITM2B in the brain before considering manipulation of their expression as a potential therapeutic tool.
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43
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Velcicky J, Bodendorf U, Rigollier P, Epple R, Beisner DR, Guerini D, Smith P, Liu B, Feifel R, Wipfli P, Aichholz R, Couttet P, Dix I, Widmer T, Wen B, Brandl T. Discovery of the First Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Signal Peptide Peptidase-Like 2a (SPPL2a) Inhibitor Displaying Pronounced Immunomodulatory Effects In Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:865-880. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Epple
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel R. Beisner
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | | | - Bo Liu
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Toni Widmer
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Wen
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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44
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Chen G, Abelein A, Nilsson HE, Leppert A, Andrade-Talavera Y, Tambaro S, Hemmingsson L, Roshan F, Landreh M, Biverstål H, Koeck PJB, Presto J, Hebert H, Fisahn A, Johansson J. Bri2 BRICHOS client specificity and chaperone activity are governed by assembly state. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2081. [PMID: 29234026 PMCID: PMC5727130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is increasingly being recognized as a cause of disease. In Alzheimer’s disease the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) misfolds into neurotoxic oligomers and assembles into amyloid fibrils. The Bri2 protein associated with Familial British and Danish dementias contains a BRICHOS domain, which reduces Aβ fibrillization as well as neurotoxicity in vitro and in a Drosophila model, but also rescues proteins from irreversible non-fibrillar aggregation. How these different activities are mediated is not known. Here we show that Bri2 BRICHOS monomers potently prevent neuronal network toxicity of Aβ, while dimers strongly suppress Aβ fibril formation. The dimers assemble into high-molecular-weight oligomers with an apparent two-fold symmetry, which are efficient inhibitors of non-fibrillar protein aggregation. These results indicate that Bri2 BRICHOS affects qualitatively different aspects of protein misfolding and toxicity via different quaternary structures, suggesting a means to generate molecular chaperone diversity. The BRICHOS domain is a chaperone that can act against amyloid-β peptide fibril formation and non-fibrillar protein aggregation. Here the authors use a multidisciplinary approach and show that the Bri2 BRICHOS domain has qualitatively different chaperone activities depending on its quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Harriet E Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, and School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal institute of Technology, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neuronal Oscillations Lab, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Hemmingsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Firoz Roshan
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neuronal Oscillations Lab, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Landreh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 5QY, UK.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Biverstål
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV, 1006, Latvia
| | - Philip J B Koeck
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, and School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal institute of Technology, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jenny Presto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, and School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal institute of Technology, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neuronal Oscillations Lab, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.
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45
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Davies SJ, Ryan J, O'Connor PBF, Kenny E, Morris D, Baranov PV, O'Connor R, McCarthy TV. Itm2a silencing rescues lamin A mediated inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte 2017; 6:259-276. [PMID: 28872940 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1362510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is associated with multiple metabolic disorders. One such disease, known as Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is characterized by defective fat metabolism and storage. FPLD2 is caused by a specific subset of mutations in the LMNA gene. The mechanisms by which LMNA mutations lead to the adipose specific FPLD2 phenotype have yet to be determined in detail. We used RNA-Seq analysis to assess the effects of wild-type (WT) and mutant (R482W) lamin A on the expression profile of differentiating 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes and identified Itm2a as a gene that was upregulated at 36 h post differentiation induction in these cells. In this study we identify Itm2a as a novel modulator of adipogenesis and show that endogenous Itm2a expression is transiently downregulated during induction of 3T3-L1 differentiation. Itm2a overexpression was seen to moderately inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes while shRNA mediated knockdown of Itm2a significantly enhanced 3T3-L1 differentiation. Investigation of PPARγ levels indicate that this enhanced adipogenesis is mediated through the stabilization of the PPARγ protein at specific time points during differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that Itm2a knockdown is sufficient to rescue the inhibitory effects of lamin A WT and R482W mutant overexpression on 3T3-L1 differentiation. This suggests that targeting of Itm2a or its related pathways, including autophagy, may have potential as a therapy for FPLD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Davies
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - James Ryan
- Mater Private Hospital, Citygate, Mahon, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Elaine Kenny
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pavel V. Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tommie V. McCarthy
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
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46
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Mentrup T, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. Latest emerging functions of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:372-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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47
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Zhang X, Götte M, Ibig-Rehm Y, Schuffenhauer A, Kamke M, Beisner D, Guerini D, Siebert D, Bonamy GMC, Gabriel D, Bodendorf U. Identification of SPPL2a Inhibitors by Multiparametric Analysis of a High-Content Ultra-High-Throughput Screen. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1106-1119. [PMID: 28731783 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217719834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intramembrane protease signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a) is a potential drug target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to an essential role in B cells and dendritic cells. To screen a library of 1.4 million compounds for inhibitors of SPPL2a, we developed an imaging assay detecting nuclear translocation of the proteolytically released cytosolic substrate fragment. The state-of-the-art hit calling approach based on nuclear translocation resulted in numerous false-positive hits, mainly interrupting intracellular protein trafficking. To filter the false positives, we extracted 340 image-based readouts and developed a novel multiparametric analysis method that successfully triaged the primary hit list. The identified scaffolds were validated by demonstrating activity on endogenous SPPL2a and substrate CD74/p8 in B cells. The multiparametric analysis discovered diverse cellular phenotypes and provided profiles for the whole library. The principle of the presented imaging assay, the screening strategy, and multiparametric analysis are potentially applicable in future screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjo Götte
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marion Kamke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dan Beisner
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.,Vividion Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Siebert
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela Gabriel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Signal peptide peptidase and SPP-like proteases - Possible therapeutic targets? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28624439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the four homologous SPP-like proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c and SPPL3 are GxGD-type intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLIPs). In addition to divergent subcellular localisations, distinct differences in the mechanistic properties and substrate requirements of individual family members have been unravelled. SPP/SPPL proteases employ a catalytic mechanism related to that of the γ-secretase complex. Nevertheless, differential targeting of SPP/SPPL proteases and γ-secretase by inhibitors has been demonstrated. Furthermore, also within the SPP/SPPL family significant differences in the sensitivity to currently available inhibitory compounds have been reported. Though far from complete, our knowledge on pathophysiological functions of SPP/SPPL proteases, in particular based on studies in mice, has been significantly increased over the last years. Based on this, inhibition of distinct SPP/SPPL proteases has been proposed as a novel therapeutic concept e.g. for the treatment of autoimmunity and viral or protozoal infections, as we will discuss in this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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49
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Endres K, Deller T. Regulation of Alpha-Secretase ADAM10 In vitro and In vivo: Genetic, Epigenetic, and Protein-Based Mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:56. [PMID: 28367112 PMCID: PMC5355436 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10) has been identified as the major physiological alpha-secretase in neurons, responsible for cleaving APP in a non-amyloidogenic manner. This cleavage results in the production of a neuroprotective APP-derived fragment, APPs-alpha, and an attenuated production of neurotoxic A-beta peptides. An increase in ADAM10 activity shifts the balance of APP processing toward APPs-alpha and protects the brain from amyloid deposition and disease. Thus, increasing ADAM10 activity has been proposed an attractive target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and it appears to be timely to investigate the physiological mechanisms regulating ADAM10 expression. Therefore, in this article, we will (1) review reports on the physiological regulation of ADAM10 at the transcriptional level, by epigenetic factors, miRNAs and/or protein interactions, (2) describe conditions, which change ADAM10 expression in vitro and in vivo, (3) report how neuronal ADAM10 expression may be regulated in humans, and (4) discuss how this knowledge on the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of ADAM10 may help to preserve or restore brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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50
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Buxbaum JN, Johansson J. Transthyretin and BRICHOS: The Paradox of Amyloidogenic Proteins with Anti-Amyloidogenic Activity for Aβ in the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:119. [PMID: 28360830 PMCID: PMC5350149 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are physiologically insoluble biophysically specific β-sheet rich structures formed by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. In vivo tissue amyloid formation is responsible for more than 30 different disease states in humans and other mammals. One of these, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most common form of human dementia for which there is currently no definitive treatment. Amyloid fibril formation by the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is considered to be an underlying cause of AD, and strategies designed to reduce Aβ production and/or its toxic effects are being extensively investigated in both laboratory and clinical settings. Transthyretin (TTR) and proteins containing a BRICHOS domain are etiologically associated with specific amyloid diseases in the CNS and other organs. Nonetheless, it has been observed that TTR and BRICHOS structures are efficient inhibitors of Aβ fibril formation and toxicity in vitro and in vivo, raising the possibility that some amyloidogenic proteins, or their precursors, possess properties that may be harnessed for combating AD and other amyloidoses. Herein, we review properties of TTR and the BRICHOS domain and discuss how their abilities to interfere with amyloid formation may be employed in the development of novel treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA; Scintillon InstituteSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jan Johansson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Sweden
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