1
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SH2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase-SHP2 Attenuates Fibrotic Responses through Negative Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Lung Fibroblasts. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061166. [PMID: 36980473 PMCID: PMC10047203 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We have previously shown that SHP2 downregulation may predispose fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts and proposed a role for SHP2 downregulation in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recent data have shown that SHP2 localizes to the mitochondrial intercristae, and its overexpression enhances mitochondrial metabolism leading to oxidative stress and senescence. Objective: To determine the effect of SHP2 on fibrotic responses. Methods and Results: Primary mouse lung fibroblasts derived from mice carrying a conditional knock-in mutation (D61G/+), rendering the SHP2 catalytic domain constitutively active, had reduced proliferation (1.6-fold, p < 0.05), migration (2-fold, p < 0.05), as well as reduced responsiveness of TGFB-1 induced fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts differentiation, compared to wild-type ones. Electron microscope analysis revealed that SHP2 D61G/+ mouse lung fibroblasts were characterized by mitochondrial abnormalities, including swollen mitochondria with disrupted electron-lucent cristae and an increased number of autophagosomes compared to wild-type ones. SHP2 D61G/+ MLFs exhibited increased protein levels of autophagy markers, including LC3B-II and p-62, evidence that was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. Mitochondrial function analysis revealed that stable (genotype D61G/+) overexpression of SHP2 led to impaired mitochondrial function, as assessed by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (1.29-fold, p < 0.05), coupling efficiency (1.82 fold, p < 0.05), oxygen consumption rate (1.9-fold, p < 0.05), and increased reactive oxygen species production both at baseline (1.75-fold, p < 0.05) and following H2O2 stimulation (1.63-fold, p < 0.05) compared to wild-type ones (SHP2+/+). SHP2 D61G/+ mouse lung fibroblasts showed enhanced AMPK activity, as well as decreased activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, potentially leading to ineffective mitochondrial metabolism and increased autophagy. Conclusions: SHP2 attenuates fibrotic responses in fibroblast cell lines through negative regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and induction of autophagy. SHP2 activation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with fibrotic lung diseases.
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Peng Q, Shan D, Cui K, Li K, Zhu B, Wu H, Wang B, Wong S, Norton V, Dong Y, Lu YW, Zhou C, Chen H. The Role of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1834. [PMID: 35681530 PMCID: PMC9180466 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is the process of endothelial cells progressively losing endothelial-specific markers and gaining mesenchymal phenotypes. In the normal physiological condition, EndoMT plays a fundamental role in forming the cardiac valves of the developing heart. However, EndoMT contributes to the development of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, valve diseases, fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EndoMT in CVD should provide urgently needed insights into reversing this condition. This review summarizes a 30-year span of relevant literature, delineating the EndoMT process in particular, key signaling pathways, and the underlying regulatory networks involved in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianman Peng
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Dan Shan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Vikram Norton
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
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3
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Tozzi M, Brown EL, Petersen PSS, Lundh M, Isidor MS, Plucińska K, Nielsen TS, Agueda-Oyarzabal M, Small L, Treebak JT, Emanuelli B. Dynamic interplay between Afadin S1795 phosphorylation and diet regulates glucose homeostasis in obese mice. J Physiol 2021; 600:885-902. [PMID: 34387373 DOI: 10.1113/jp281657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Afadin is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein with a recently discovered role in insulin signalling and glucose metabolism. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Afadin at S1795 occurs in insulin-responsive tissues such as adipose tissue, muscle, liver, pancreas and heart. Afadin abundance and AfadinS1795 phosphorylation are dynamically regulated in metabolic tissues during diet-induced obesity progression. Genetic silencing of AfadinS1795 phosphorylation improves glucose homeostasis in the early stages of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. AfadinS1795 phosphorylation contributes to the early development of obesity-related complications in mice. ABSTRACT Obesity is associated with systemic insulin resistance and numerous metabolic disorders. Yet, the mechanisms underlying impaired insulin action during obesity remain to be fully elucidated. Afadin is a multifunctional scaffold protein with the ability to modulate insulin action through its phosphorylation at S1795 in adipocytes. In the present study, we report that insulin-stimulated AfadinS1795 phosphorylation is not restricted to adipose tissues, but is a common signalling event in insulin-responsive tissues including muscle, liver, pancreas and heart. Furthermore, a dynamic regulation of Afadin abundance occurred during diet-induced obesity progression, while its phosphorylation was progressively attenuated. To investigate the role of AfadinS1795 phosphorylation in the regulation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, we generated a phospho-defective mouse model (Afadin SA) in which the Afadin phosphorylation site was silenced (S1795A) at the whole-body level using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. Metabolic characterization of these mice under basal physiological conditions or during a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge revealed that preventing AfadinS1795 phosphorylation improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and increased liver glycogen storage in the early stage of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation, without affecting body weight. Together, our findings reveal that AfadinS1795 phosphorylation in metabolic tissues is critical during obesity progression and contributes to promote systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in the early phase of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tozzi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erin L Brown
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia S S Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie S Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaja Plucińska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Agueda-Oyarzabal
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lewin Small
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Huxham J, Tabariès S, Siegel PM. Afadin (AF6) in cancer progression: A multidomain scaffold protein with complex and contradictory roles. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000221. [PMID: 33165933 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adherens (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) maintain cell-cell adhesions and cellular polarity in normal tissues. Afadin, a multi-domain scaffold protein, is commonly found in both adherens and tight junctions, where it plays both structural and signal-modulating roles. Afadin is a complex modulator of cellular processes implicated in cancer progression, including signal transduction, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In keeping with the complexities associated with the roles of adherens and tight junctions in cancer, afadin exhibits both tumor suppressive and pro-metastatic functions. In this review, we will explore the dichotomous roles that afadin plays during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huxham
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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Dai C, Wang X, Wu Y, Xu Y, Zhuo S, Qi M, Ji W, Zhan L. Polarity Protein AF6 Controls Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity by Modulating IRS1/AKT Insulin Pathway in an SHP2-Dependent Manner. Diabetes 2019; 68:1577-1590. [PMID: 31127058 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major contributing factor in the development of metabolic disease. Although numerous functions of the polarity protein AF6 (afadin and MLLT4) have been identified, a direct effect on insulin sensitivity has not been previously described. We show that AF6 is elevated in the liver tissues of dietary and genetic mouse models of diabetes. We generated liver-specific AF6 knockout mice and show that these animals exhibit enhanced insulin sensitivity and liver glycogen storage, whereas overexpression of AF6 in wild-type mice by adenovirus-expressing AF6 led to the opposite phenotype. Similar observations were obtained from in vitro studies. In addition, we discovered that AF6 directly regulates IRS1/AKT kinase-mediated insulin signaling through its interaction with Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and its regulation of SHP2's tyrosine phosphatase activity. Finally, we show that knockdown of hepatic AF6 ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed or db/db diabetic mice. These results demonstrate a novel function for hepatic AF6 in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, providing important insights about the metabolic role of AF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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6
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Hennigan RF, Fletcher JS, Guard S, Ratner N. Proximity biotinylation identifies a set of conformation-specific interactions between Merlin and cell junction proteins. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/578/eaau8749. [PMID: 31015291 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau8749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an inherited, neoplastic disease associated with schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas and that is caused by inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene NF2 The NF2 gene product, Merlin, has no intrinsic catalytic activity; its tumor suppressor function is mediated through the proteins with which it interacts. We used proximity biotinylation followed by mass spectrometry and direct binding assays to identify proteins that associated with wild-type and various mutant forms of Merlin in immortalized Schwann cells. We defined a set of 52 proteins in close proximity to wild-type Merlin. Most of the Merlin-proximal proteins were components of cell junctional signaling complexes, suggesting that additional potential interaction partners may exist in adherens junctions, tight junctions, and focal adhesions. With mutant forms of Merlin that cannot bind to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) or that constitutively adopt a closed conformation, we confirmed a critical role for PIP2 binding in Merlin function and identified a large cohort of proteins that specifically interacted with Merlin in the closed conformation. Among these proteins, we identified a previously unreported Merlin-binding protein, apoptosis-stimulated p53 protein 2 (ASPP2, also called Tp53bp2), that bound to closed-conformation Merlin predominately through the FERM domain. Our results demonstrate that Merlin is a component of cell junctional mechanosensing complexes and defines a specific set of proteins through which it acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hennigan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Fletcher
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Steven Guard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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7
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Fearnley GW, Young KA, Edgar JR, Antrobus R, Hay IM, Liang WC, Martinez-Martin N, Lin W, Deane JE, Sharpe HJ. The homophilic receptor PTPRK selectively dephosphorylates multiple junctional regulators to promote cell-cell adhesion. eLife 2019; 8:44597. [PMID: 30924770 PMCID: PMC6440744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms depends on the dynamic and reversible phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues. The receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) receive cues from the extracellular environment and are well placed to influence cell signaling. However, the direct events downstream of these receptors have been challenging to resolve. We report here that the homophilic receptor PTPRK is stabilized at cell-cell contacts in epithelial cells. By combining interaction studies, quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics, proximity labeling and dephosphorylation assays we identify high confidence PTPRK substrates. PTPRK directly and selectively dephosphorylates at least five substrates, including Afadin, PARD3 and δ-catenin family members, which are all important cell-cell adhesion regulators. In line with this, loss of PTPRK phosphatase activity leads to disrupted cell junctions and increased invasive characteristics. Thus, identifying PTPRK substrates provides insight into its downstream signaling and a potential molecular explanation for its proposed tumor suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Fearnley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Young
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iain M Hay
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - WeiYu Lin
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Li Y, Merkel CD, Zeng X, Heier JA, Cantrell PS, Sun M, Stolz DB, Watkins SC, Yates NA, Kwiatkowski AV. The N-cadherin interactome in primary cardiomyocytes as defined using quantitative proximity proteomics. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.221606. [PMID: 30630894 PMCID: PMC6382013 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The junctional complexes that couple cardiomyocytes must transmit the mechanical forces of contraction while maintaining adhesive homeostasis. The adherens junction (AJ) connects the actomyosin networks of neighboring cardiomyocytes and is required for proper heart function. Yet little is known about the molecular composition of the cardiomyocyte AJ or how it is organized to function under mechanical load. Here, we define the architecture, dynamics and proteome of the cardiomyocyte AJ. Mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes assemble stable AJs along intercellular contacts with organizational and structural hallmarks similar to mature contacts. We combine quantitative mass spectrometry with proximity labeling to identify the N-cadherin (CDH2) interactome. We define over 350 proteins in this interactome, nearly 200 of which are unique to CDH2 and not part of the E-cadherin (CDH1) interactome. CDH2-specific interactors comprise primarily adaptor and adhesion proteins that promote junction specialization. Our results provide novel insight into the cardiomyocyte AJ and offer a proteomic atlas for defining the molecular complexes that regulate cardiomyocyte intercellular adhesion. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chelsea D Merkel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jonathon A Heier
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pamela S Cantrell
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mai Sun
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Adam V Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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9
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Conduit SE, Hakim S, Feeney SJ, Ooms LM, Dyson JM, Abud HE, Mitchell CA. β-catenin ablation exacerbates polycystic kidney disease progression. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:230-244. [PMID: 30265301 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) results from excessive renal epithelial cell proliferation, leading to the formation of large fluid filled cysts which impair renal function and frequently lead to renal failure. Hyperactivation of numerous signaling pathways is hypothesized to promote renal epithelial cell hyperproliferation including mTORC1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and WNT signaling. β-catenin and its target genes are overexpressed in some PKD models and expression of activated β-catenin induces cysts in mice; however, β-catenin murine knockout studies indicate it may also inhibit cystogenesis. Therefore, it remains unclear whether β-catenin is pro- or anti-cystogenic and whether its role is canonical WNT signaling-dependent. Here, we investigate whether β-catenin deletion in a PKD model with hyperactived β-catenin signaling affects disease progression to address whether increased β-catenin drives PKD. We used renal epithelial cell specific Inpp5e-null PKD mice which we report exhibit increased β-catenin and target gene expression in the cystic kidneys. Surprisingly, co-deletion of β-catenin with Inpp5e in renal epithelial cells exacerbated polycystic kidney disease and renal failure compared to Inpp5e deletion alone, but did not normalize β-catenin target gene expression. β-catenin/Inpp5e double-knockout kidneys exhibited increased cyst initiation, cell proliferation and MEK/ERK signaling compared to Inpp5e-null, associated with increased fibrosis, which may collectively contribute to accelerated disease. Therefore, increased β-catenin and WNT target gene expression are not necessarily cyst promoting. Rather β-catenin may play a dual and context-dependent role in PKD and in the presence of other cyst-inducing mutations (Inpp5e-deletion); β-catenin loss may exacerbate disease in a WNT target gene-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Hakim
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra J Feeney
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M Ooms
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Ip CKM, Ng PKS, Jeong KJ, Shao SH, Ju Z, Leonard PG, Hua X, Vellano CP, Woessner R, Sahni N, Scott KL, Mills GB. Neomorphic PDGFRA extracellular domain driver mutations are resistant to PDGFRA targeted therapies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4583. [PMID: 30389923 PMCID: PMC6214970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) by genomic aberrations contributes to tumor progression in several tumor types. In this study, we characterize 16 novel PDGFRA mutations identified from different tumor types and identify three previously uncharacterized activating mutations that promote cell survival and proliferation. PDGFRA Y288C, an extracellular domain mutation, is primarily high mannose glycosylated consistent with trapping in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Strikingly, PDGFRA Y288C is constitutively dimerized and phosphorylated in the absence of ligand suggesting that trapping in the ER or aberrant glycosylation is sufficient for receptor activation. Importantly, PDGFRA Y288C induces constitutive phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3. PDGFRA Y288C is resistant to PDGFR inhibitors but sensitive to PI3K/mTOR and MEK inhibitors consistent with pathway activation results. Our findings further highlight the importance of characterizing functional consequences of individual mutations for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carman K M Ip
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Patrick K S Ng
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - S H Shao
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - P G Leonard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- Center for Co-Clinical Trials, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard Woessner
- Cancer Bioscience, in vivo Cancer Pharmacology, AstraZeneca Phamaceuticals, Boston, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Rd 1C, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 450A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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11
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Tagashira T, Fukuda T, Miyata M, Nakamura K, Fujita H, Takai Y, Hirata KI, Rikitake Y. Afadin Facilitates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Network Formation and Migration of Vascular Endothelial Cells by Inactivating Rho-Associated Kinase Through ArhGAP29. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1159-1169. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
We previously reported that afadin, an actin filament-binding protein, regulated vascular endothelial growth factor–induced angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of how Rho-associated kinase is activated in afadin-knockdown human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and how its activation is involved in defects of vascular endothelial growth factor–induced network formation and migration of the cells.
Approach and Results—
Knockdown of afadin or ArhGAP29, a GTPase-activating protein for RhoA, increased Rho-associated kinase activity and reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor–induced network formation and migration of cultured HUVECs, accompanied by the defective formation of membrane protrusions, such as lamellipodia and peripheral ruffles. Treatment of the afadin- or ArhGAP29-knockdown HUVECs with Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, Y-27632 or fasudil, partially restored the reduced network formation and migration as well as the defective formation of membrane protrusions. ArhGAP29 bound to afadin and was colocalized with afadin at the leading edge of migrating HUVECs. The defective formation of membrane protrusions in ArhGAP29-knockdown HUVECs was restored by expression of mutant ArhGAP29 that bound to afadin and contained a RhoGAP domain but not mutant ArhGAP29 that could bind to afadin and lacked the RhoGAP domain or mutant ArhGAP29 that could not bind to afadin and contained the RhoGAP domain. This suggested the requirement of both the interaction of afadin with ArhGAP29 and RhoGAP activity of ArhGAP29 for migration of HUVECs.
Conclusions—
Our results highlight a critical role of the afadin–ArhGAP29 axis for the regulation of Rho-associated kinase activity during vascular endothelial growth factor–induced network formation and migration of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tagashira
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (T.T., T.F., K.-i.H.)
| | - Terunobu Fukuda
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (T.T., T.F., K.-i.H.)
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.M., K.N., Y.R.)
| | - Kazuha Nakamura
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.M., K.N., Y.R.)
| | - Hidenobu Fujita
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (H.F., Y.R.)
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (T.T., T.F., K.-i.H.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.M., K.N., Y.R.)
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (H.F., Y.R.)
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12
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Sakakibara S, Maruo T, Miyata M, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Requirement of the F-actin-binding activity of l-afadin for enhancing the formation of adherens and tight junctions. Genes Cells 2018; 23:185-199. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakakibara
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
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13
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Tzouvelekis A, Yu G, Lino Cardenas CL, Herazo-Maya JD, Wang R, Woolard T, Zhang Y, Sakamoto K, Lee H, Yi JS, DeIuliis G, Xylourgidis N, Ahangari F, Lee PJ, Aidinis V, Herzog EL, Homer R, Bennett AM, Kaminski N. SH2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase-2 Is a Novel Antifibrotic Regulator in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:500-514. [PMID: 27736153 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201602-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fatal lung disease with dismal prognosis and no cure. The potential role of the ubiquitously expressed SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) as a therapeutic target has not been studied in IPF. OBJECTIVES To determine the expression, mechanistic role, and potential therapeutic usefulness of SHP2 in pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The effects of SHP2 overexpression and inhibition on fibroblast response to profibrotic stimuli were analyzed in vitro in primary human and mouse lung fibroblasts. In vivo therapeutic effects were assessed in the bleomycin model of lung fibrosis by SHP2-lentiviral administration and transgenic mice carrying a constitutively active SHP2 mutation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SHP2 was down-regulated in lungs and lung fibroblasts obtained from patients with IPF. Immunolocalization studies revealed that SHP2 was absent within fibroblastic foci. Loss of SHP2 expression or activity was sufficient to induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in primary human lung fibroblasts. Overexpression of constitutively active SHP2 reduced the responsiveness of fibroblasts to profibrotic stimuli, including significant reductions in cell survival and myofibroblast differentiation. SHP2 effects were mediated through deactivation of fibrosis-relevant tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinase signaling pathways. Mice carrying the Noonan syndrome-associated gain-of-function SHP2 mutation (SHP2D61G/+) were resistant to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Restoration of SHP2 levels in vivo through lentiviral delivery blunted bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SHP2 is an important regulator of fibroblast differentiation, and its loss as observed in IPF facilitates profibrotic phenotypic changes. Augmentation of SHP2 activity or expression should be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guoying Yu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- 2 Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rong Wang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tony Woolard
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hojin Lee
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jae-Sung Yi
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nikolaos Xylourgidis
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Farida Ahangari
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patty J Lee
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- 4 Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Erica L Herzog
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert Homer
- 5 Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anton M Bennett
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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14
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Choi W, Acharya BR, Peyret G, Fardin MA, Mège RM, Ladoux B, Yap AS, Fanning AS, Peifer M. Remodeling the zonula adherens in response to tension and the role of afadin in this response. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:243-60. [PMID: 27114502 PMCID: PMC5084271 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, epithelial cells must generate and respond to tension without disrupting epithelial barrier function. The authors use superresolution microscopy in MDCK cells to examine how the zonula adherens (ZA) is remodeled in response to elevated contractility while maintain tissue integrity. They define key roles for zonula occludens family proteins in regulating contractility and for the scaffolding protein afadin in maintaining ZA architecture at tricellular junctions. Morphogenesis requires dynamic coordination between cell–cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton to allow cells to change shape and move without losing tissue integrity. We used genetic tools and superresolution microscopy in a simple model epithelial cell line to define how the molecular architecture of cell–cell zonula adherens (ZA) is modified in response to elevated contractility, and how these cells maintain tissue integrity. We previously found that depleting zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) family proteins in MDCK cells induces a highly organized contractile actomyosin array at the ZA. We find that ZO knockdown elevates contractility via a Shroom3/Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. Our data suggest that each bicellular border is an independent contractile unit, with actin cables anchored end-on to cadherin complexes at tricellular junctions. Cells respond to elevated contractility by increasing junctional afadin. Although ZO/afadin knockdown did not prevent contractile array assembly, it dramatically altered cell shape and barrier function in response to elevated contractility. We propose that afadin acts as a robust protein scaffold that maintains ZA architecture at tricellular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsun Choi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Grégoire Peyret
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Fardin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Alan S Fanning
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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15
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Yan JF, Huang WJ, Zhao JF, Fu HY, Zhang GY, Huang XJ, Lv BD. The platelet-derived growth factor receptor/STAT3 signaling pathway regulates the phenotypic transition of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172191. [PMID: 28245285 PMCID: PMC5330473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common clinical disease that is difficult to treat. We previously found that hypoxia modulates the phenotype of primary corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in rats, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-related signaling pathways are correlated with cell phenotypic transition, but research has been focused more on vascular smooth muscle and tracheal smooth muscle and less on CCSMCs. Here, we investigated the role of PDGFR-related signaling pathways in penile CCSMCs, which were successfully isolated from rats and cultured in vitro. PDGF-BB at 5, 10, or 20 ng/ml altered CCSMC morphology from the original elongated, spindle shape to a broader shape and promoted the synthetic phenotype and expression of the related proteins vimentin and collagen-I, while inhibiting the contractile phenotype and expression of the related proteins smooth muscle (SM) α-actin (α-SMA) and desmin. Inhibition of PDGFR activity via siRNA or the PDGFR inhibitor crenolanib inhibited vimentin and collagen-I expression, increased α-SMA and desmin expression, and considerably inhibited serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. STAT3 knockdown promoted the contractile phenotype, inhibited vimentin and collagen-I expression, and increased α-SMA and desmin expression, whereas AKT knockdown did not affect phenotype-associated proteins. STAT3 overexpression in CCSMC cells weakened the suppressive effect of PDGFR inhibition on the morphology and phenotypic transformation induced by PDGF-BB. Through activation of the PDGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway, PDGF promoted the synthetic phenotype transition; thus, regulation of this pathway might contribute to ED therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ying Fu
- Andrology Laboratory on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Yue Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Dong Lv
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Andrology Laboratory on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Downey GP, Aschner Y. Taking It Off: New Insights into the Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation-dependent Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:418-420. [PMID: 28199155 PMCID: PMC5378427 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201609-1921ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Downey
- 1 Department of Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
- 2 Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
- 3 Department of Biomedical Research National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
- 4 Department of Medicine University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
- 5 Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado and
| | - Yael Aschner
- 6 Department of Medicine University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Tsurumi H, Kurihara H, Miura K, Tanego A, Ohta Y, Igarashi T, Oka A, Horita S, Hattori M, Harita Y. Afadin is localized at cell-cell contact sites in mesangial cells and regulates migratory polarity. J Transl Med 2016; 96:49-59. [PMID: 26568295 PMCID: PMC5399166 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In kidney glomeruli, mesangial cells provide structural support to counteract for expansile forces caused by pressure gradients and to regulate the blood flow. Glomerular injury results in proliferation and aberrant migration of mesangial cells, which is the pathological characteristic of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. To date, molecular changes that occur in mesangial cells during glomerular injury and their association with the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis remain largely unclear. During the search for proteins regulating the morphology of mesangial cells, we found that afadin, a multi-domain F-actin-binding protein, and β-catenin are expressed in cell-cell contact sites of cultured mesangial cells and mesangial cells in vivo. Afadin forms a protein complex with β-catenin in glomeruli and in cultured mesangial cells. Protein expression of afadin at mesangial intercellular junctions was dramatically decreased in mesangial proliferative nephritis in rats and in patients with glomerulonephritis. RNA interference-mediated depletion of afadin in cultured mesangial cells did not affect proliferation rate but resulted in delayed directional cell migration. Furthermore, reorientation of the Golgi complex at the leading edges of migrating cells in wound-healing assay was disturbed in afadin-depleted cells, suggesting the role of aberrant migratory polarity in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis. These data shed light on glomerulonephritis-associated changes in cell-cell adhesion between mesangial cells, which might be related to migratory polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Tsurumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetake Kurihara
- Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanego
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ohta
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Horita
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hattori
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Harita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. E-mail:
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18
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Sirvent A, Urbach S, Roche S. Contribution of phosphoproteomics in understanding SRC signaling in normal and tumor cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:232-44. [PMID: 25403792 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (non-RTK) SRC is a critical regulator of signal transduction induced by a large variety of cell-surface receptors, including RTKs that bind to growth factors to control cell growth and migration. When deregulated, SRC shows strong oncogenic activity, probably because of its capacity to promote RTK-mediated downstream signaling even in the absence of extracellular stimuli. Accordingly, SRC is frequently deregulated in human cancer and is thought to play important roles during tumorigenesis. However, our knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which SRC controls signaling is incomplete due to the limited number of key substrates identified so far. Here, we review how phosphoproteomic methods have changed our understanding of the mechanisms underlying SRC signaling in normal and tumor cells and discuss how these novel findings can be used to improve therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting SRC signaling in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sirvent
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier 1 and 2, CRBM, Montpellier, France
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19
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Saito K, Shiino T, Kurihara H, Harita Y, Hattori S, Ohta Y. Afadin regulates RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling to control formation of actin stress fibers in kidney podocytes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:146-56. [PMID: 25712270 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The function of kidney podocytes is closely associated with actin cytoskeleton. Rho family small GTPase RhoA promotes stress fiber assembly through Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK)-dependent myosin II phosphorylation and plays an important role in maintenance of actin stress fibers of podocytes. However, little is known how stress fiber assembly is regulated in podocytes. Here, we found that afadin, an actin filament-binding protein, is required for RhoA/ROCK-dependent formation of actin stress fibers in rat podocyte C7 cells. We show that depletion of afadin in C7 cells induced loss of actin stress fibers. Conversely, forced expression of afadin increased the formation of actin stress fibers. Depletion of afadin inactivated RhoA and reduced the phosphorylation of myosin II. Moreover, the DIL domain of afadin appears to be responsible for actin stress fiber formation. Thus, afadin mediates RhoA/ROCK signaling and contributes to the formation of actin stress fibers in podocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Saito
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Kobayashi R, Kurita S, Miyata M, Maruo T, Mandai K, Rikitake Y, Takai Y. s-Afadin binds more preferentially to the cell adhesion molecules nectins than l-afadin. Genes Cells 2014; 19:853-63. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kobayashi
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Souichi Kurita
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Signal Transduction; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
- Division of Signal Transduction; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
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21
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Sun J, Lu S, Ouyang M, Lin LJ, Zhuo Y, Liu B, Chien S, Neel BG, Wang Y. Antagonism between binding site affinity and conformational dynamics tunes alternative cis-interactions within Shp2. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2037. [PMID: 23792876 PMCID: PMC3777412 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein functions are largely affected by their conformations. This is exemplified in proteins containing modular domains. However, the evolutionary dynamics that define and adapt the conformation of such modular proteins remain elusive. Here we show that cis-interactions between the C-terminal phosphotyrosines and SH2 domain within the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 can be tuned by an adaptor protein, Grb2. The competitiveness of two phosphotyrosines, namely pY542 and pY580, for cis-interaction with the same SH2 domain is governed by an antagonistic combination of contextual amino acid sequence and position of the phosphotyrosines. Specifically, pY580 with the combination of a favorable position and an adverse sequence has an overall advantage over pY542. Swapping the sequences of pY542 and pY580 results in one dominant form of cis-interaction and subsequently inhibits the trans-regulation by Grb2. Thus, the antagonistic combination of sequence and position may serve as a basic design principle for proteins with tunable conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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22
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Moes MJA, Zhou Y, Boonstra J. Co-localization of the PDGF β-Receptor and Actin during PDGF Stimulation in Mouse Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/568104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The subcellular localization of the PDGF β-receptor was investigated in relation with PDGF-induced actin and membrane dynamics in mouse C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts. Serum-starved cells exhibit a nonhomogenous distribution of PDGF β-receptors. However, the observed pattern does not resemble the localization of PDGF-induced actin structures. Interestingly, the PDGF β-receptor showed a changed subcellular distribution in relation to the formation of PDGF-BB-induced actin structures. Upon PDGF exposure, PDGF β-receptors were found to accumulate in dorsal circular ruffles. The presence of both macropinosomes and clathrin in the induced circular ruffles suggests that the accumulation of PDGF β-receptors in circular ruffles results in the efficient internalization of PDGF β-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J. A. Moes
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yeping Zhou
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Boonstra
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Fukumoto Y, Kurita S, Takai Y, Ogita H. Role of scaffold protein afadin dilute domain-interacting protein (ADIP) in platelet-derived growth factor-induced cell movement by activating Rac protein through Vav2 protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43537-48. [PMID: 22027834 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell movement is an important cellular function not only in physiological but also in pathological conditions. Although numerous studies have been conducted to reveal the mechanism of cell movement, the full picture has yet to be depicted, likely due to the complex features of cell movement. We show here that the scaffold protein afadin dilute domain-interacting protein (ADIP), an afadin-binding protein, is involved in the regulation of cell movement. ADIP localized at the leading edge of moving cells in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and was required for the formation of the leading edge and the promotion of cell movement. Impaired cell movement observed in ADIP knockdown cells was not rescued by expression of an ADIP mutant that is incapable of binding to afadin, leading to the notion that the function of ADIP in moving cells depends on its interaction with afadin. Knockdown of ADIP as well as knockdown of afadin inhibited the activation of the small G protein Rac, which is important for the formation of the leading edge and the promotion of cell movement. Furthermore, ADIP interacted with Vav2, a GDP/GTP exchange factor for Rac, in a Src phosphorylation-dependent manner, suggesting that ADIP mediates the activation of Rac through Vav2. These results indicate that ADIP plays an essential role in PDGF-induced cell movement by interacting with afadin and Vav2 and regulating the activation of Rac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Fukumoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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24
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Kurita S, Ogita H, Takai Y. Cooperative role of nectin-nectin and nectin-afadin interactions in formation of nectin-based cell-cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36297-303. [PMID: 21880730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nectin cell adhesion molecules interact in trans with each other through their extracellular regions and with afadin through their cytoplasmic tails, forming adherens junctions in cooperation with cadherins. In a single cell, Necl-5 (nectin-like molecule-5) localizes at the leading edge and regulates directional cell movement in response to a chemoattractant. In such a single cell, afadin also localizes at the leading edge without interacting with nectins or Necl-5. It remains unknown how the nectin-nectin and nectin-afadin interactions are initiated when moving cells contact each other to initiate the formation of adherens junctions. We show here that the Necl-5-nectin interaction induced by cell-cell contact enhances the nectin-afadin interaction. This interaction then enhances the nectin-nectin interaction, which further enhances the nectin-afadin interaction in a positive feedback manner. Thus, the Necl-5-nectin, nectin-nectin, and nectin-afadin interactions cooperatively increase the clustering of the nectin-afadin complex at the cell-cell contact sites, promoting the formation of the nectin-based cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Kurita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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25
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Fournier G, Cabaud O, Josselin E, Chaix A, Adélaïde J, Isnardon D, Restouin A, Castellano R, Dubreuil P, Chaffanet M, Birnbaum D, Lopez M. Loss of AF6/afadin, a marker of poor outcome in breast cancer, induces cell migration, invasiveness and tumor growth. Oncogene 2011; 30:3862-74. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Daane JM, Enders AC, Downs KM. Mesothelium of the murine allantois exhibits distinct regional properties. J Morphol 2011; 272:536-56. [PMID: 21284019 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rodent allantois is thought to be unique amongst mammals in not having an endodermal component. Here, we have investigated the mesothelium, or outer surface, of murine umbilical precursor tissue, the allantois (∼7.25-8.5 days postcoitum, dpc) to discover whether it exhibits the properties of an epithelium. A combination of morphology, challenge with biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs), and immunohistochemistry revealed that the mesothelium of the mouse allantois exhibits distinct regional properties. By headfold stages (∼7.75-8.0 dpc), distal mesothelium was generally squamous in shape, and highly permeable to BDA challenge, whereas ventral proximal mesothelium, referred to as "ventral cuboidal mesothelium" (VCM) for the characteristic cuboidal shape of its cells, was relatively impermeable. Although "dorsal cuboidal mesothelium" (DCM) resembled the VCM in cell shape, its permeability to BDA was intermediate between the other two regions. Results of immunostaining for Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), suggested that impermeability in the VCM may be due to greater cellular contact area between cells and close packing rather than to maturity of tight junctions, the latter of which, by comparison with the visceral yolk sac, appeared to be rare or absent from the allantoic surface. Both VCM and DCM exhibited an ultrastructure more favorable for protein synthesis than did the distal squamous mesothelium; however, at most stages, VCM exhibited robust afadin (AF-6), whereas the DCM uniquely contained alpha-4-integrin. These observations demonstrate that the allantoic mesothelium is not a conventional epithelium but possesses regional ultrastructural, functional and molecular differences that may play important roles in the correct deployment of the umbilical cord and its associated vascular, hematopoietic, and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Daane
- Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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27
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Rikitake Y, Takai Y. Directional Cell Migration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 287:97-143. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386043-9.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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28
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ten Freyhaus H, Dagnell M, Leuchs M, Vantler M, Berghausen EM, Caglayan E, Weissmann N, Dahal BK, Schermuly RT, Ostman A, Kappert K, Rosenkranz S. Hypoxia enhances platelet-derived growth factor signaling in the pulmonary vasculature by down-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 183:1092-102. [PMID: 21177885 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200911-1663oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) because it promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling. PH is frequently associated with pulmonary hypoxia. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether hypoxia alters PDGF β receptor (βPDGFR) signaling in the pulmonary vasculature. METHODS The impact of chronic hypoxia on signal transduction by the βPDGFR was measured in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMC) in vitro, and in mice with hypoxia-induced PH in vivo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Chronic hypoxia significantly enhanced PDGF-BB-dependent proliferation and chemotaxis of hPASMC. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3 kinase (PI3K) and PLCγ abrogated these events under both normoxia and hypoxia. Although hypoxia did not affect βPDGFR expression, it increased the ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, particularly at binding sites for PI3K (Y751) and PLCγ (Y1021). The activated βPDGFR is dephosphorylated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Interestingly, hypoxia decreased expression of numerous PTPs (T cell PTP, density-enhanced phosphatase-1, PTP1B, and SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2), resulting in reduced PTP activity. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is involved in this regulation of gene expression, because hypoxia-induced βPDGFR hyperphosphorylation and PTP down-regulation were abolished by HIF-1α siRNA and by the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol. βPDGFR hyperphosphorylation and PTP down-regulation were also present in vivo in mice with chronic hypoxia-induced PH. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia reduces expression and activity of βPDGFR-antagonizing PTPs in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thereby enhancing receptor activation and proliferation and chemotaxis of hPASMC. Because hyperphosphorylation of the βPDGFR and down-regulation of PTPs occur in vivo, this mechanism likely has significant impact on the development and progression of PH and other hypoxia-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik ten Freyhaus
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Strasse 62, Köln, Germany
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29
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Tawa H, Rikitake Y, Takahashi M, Amano H, Miyata M, Satomi-Kobayashi S, Kinugasa M, Nagamatsu Y, Majima T, Ogita H, Miyoshi J, Hirata KI, Takai Y. Role of Afadin in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor– and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate–Induced Angiogenesis. Circ Res 2010; 106:1731-42. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.216747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale
:
Angiogenesis contributes to physiological and pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis. The Rap1 small G protein regulates vascular integrity and angiogenesis. However, little is known about the effectors of Rap1 involved in angiogenesis. It is not known whether afadin, an adherens junction protein that connects immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule nectins to the actin cytoskeleton and binds activated Rap1, plays a role in angiogenesis.
Objective
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We investigated the role of endothelial afadin in angiogenesis and attempted to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism.
Methods and Results
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Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induced the activation of Rap1. Activated Rap1 regulated intracellular localization of afadin. Knockdown of Rap1 or afadin by small interfering RNA inhibited the VEGF- and S1P-induced capillary-like network formation, migration, and proliferation, and increased the serum deprivation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Knockdown of Rap1 or afadin decreased the accumulation of adherens and tight junction proteins to the cell–cell contact sites. Rap1 regulated the interaction between afadin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), recruitment of the afadin–PI3K complex to the leading edge, and the activation of Akt, indicating the involvement of Rap1 and afadin in the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway. Binding of afadin to Rap1 regulated the activity of Rap1 in a positive-feedback manner. In vivo, conditional deletion of afadin in mouse vascular endothelium using a Cre-loxP system impaired the VEGF- and S1P-induced angiogenesis.
Conclusions
:
These results demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism by which Rap1 and afadin regulate the VEGF- and S1P-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Tawa
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Motonori Takahashi
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Amano
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Seimi Satomi-Kobayashi
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kinugasa
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagamatsu
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Takashi Majima
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- From the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biology (H.T., Y.R., M.T., H.A., M.M., S.S.-K., M.K., Y.N., T.M., H.O., Y.T.) and Signal Transduction (Y.R., M.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T., Y.R., M.T., S.S.-K., M.K., K.-i.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; and Department of Molecular Biology (T.M., J.M.), Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
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Yang RYC, Yang KS, Pike LJ, Marshall GR. Targeting the dimerization of epidermal growth factor receptors with small-molecule inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 76:1-9. [PMID: 20456371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the control of cell proliferation, and its overexpression is strongly associated with a variety of aggressive cancers. For example, 70-80% of metaplastic (cancer cells of mixed type) breast carcinomas overexpress EGF receptors. In addition, the EGF receptor is a highly significant contributor to common brain tumors (glioblastoma multiforme), both in initiation and progression (Huang P.H., Xu A.M., White F.M. (2009) Oncogenic EGFR signaling networks in glioma. Sci Signal;2:re6.). Brain metastases, an unmet medical need, are also common in metastatic cancer associated with overexpression of EGF receptors. Formation of EGF receptor homodimers is essential for kinase activation and was the basis for exploring direct inhibition of EGF receptor activation by blocking dimerization with small molecules. While inhibitors of protein/protein interactions are often considered difficult therapeutic targets, NSC56452, initially identified by virtual screening, was shown experimentally to inhibit EGF receptor kinase activation in a dose-dependent manner. This compound blocked EGF-stimulated dimer formation as measured by chemical cross-linking and luciferase fragment complementation. The compound was further shown to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells. This first-generation lead compound represents the first drug-like, small-molecule inhibitor of EGF receptor activation that is not directed against the intracellular kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y C Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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31
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Carver KC, Piazza TM, Schuler LA. Prolactin enhances insulin-like growth factor I receptor phosphorylation by decreasing its association with the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:8003-12. [PMID: 20080972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal mammary development requires coordinated interactions of numerous factors, including prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), both of which have also been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression. We previously reported that PRL and IGF-I synergize in breast cancer cells to activate ERK1/2 and AKT, leading to increased proliferation, survival, and invasion. Intriguingly, PRL co-treatment with IGF-I augments IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) phosphorylation 2-fold higher than IGF-I alone. Here, we showed the importance of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in this cross-talk using pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA. SHP-2 recruitment to IGF-IR was significantly attenuated by PRL co-treatment. Src family kinase activity was required for IGF-IR association with SHP-2, ligand-induced IGF-IR internalization, and PRL-enhanced IGF-IR phosphorylation. Inhibition of internalization, via knockdown of the GTPase, dynamin-2, prevented not only IGF-IR dephosphorylation, but also PRL-enhanced IGF-IR phosphorylation. Consistently, PRL diminished IGF-I-induced IGF-IR internalization, which may result from reduced SHP-2 association with IGF-IR, because we demonstrated an essential role for SHP-2 in IGF-IR internalization. Together, these findings describe a novel mechanism of cross-talk between PRL and IGF-I in breast cancer cells, with implications for our understanding of tumor progression and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher C Carver
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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32
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Miyata M, Ogita H, Komura H, Nakata S, Okamoto R, Ozaki M, Majima T, Matsuzawa N, Kawano S, Minami A, Waseda M, Fujita N, Mizutani K, Rikitake Y, Takai Y. Localization of nectin-free afadin at the leading edge and its involvement in directional cell movement induced by platelet-derived growth factor. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4319-29. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.048439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Afadin is an actin-filament-binding protein that binds to nectin, an immunoglobulin-like cell-cell adhesion molecule, and plays an important role in the formation of adherens junctions. Here, we show that afadin, which did not bind to nectin and was localized at the leading edge of moving cells, has another role: enhancement of the directional, but not random, cell movement. When NIH3T3 cells were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), afadin colocalized with PDGF receptor, αvβ3 integrin and nectin-like molecule-5 at the leading edge and facilitated the formation of leading-edge structures and directional cell movement in the direction of PDGF stimulation. However, these phenotypes were markedly perturbed by knockdown of afadin, and were dependent on the binding of afadin to active Rap1. Binding of Rap1 to afadin was necessary for the recruitment of afadin and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 to the leading edge. SHP-2 was previously reported to tightly regulate the activation of PDGF receptor and its downstream signaling pathway for the formation of the leading edge. These results indicate that afadin has a novel role in PDGF-induced directional cell movement, presumably in cooperation with active Rap1 and SHP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Komura
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryoko Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Misa Ozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Majima
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuzawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawano
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akihiro Minami
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masumi Waseda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Guo X, Nie L, Esmailzadeh L, Zhang J, Bender JR, Sadeghi MM. Endothelial and smooth muscle-derived neuropilin-like protein regulates platelet-derived growth factor signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells by modulating receptor ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29376-82. [PMID: 19696027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.049684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and smooth muscle cell-derived neuropilin-like protein (ESDN) is up-regulated in the neointima of remodeling arteries and modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is the prototypic growth factor for VSMCs and plays a key role in vascular remodeling. Here, we sought to further define ESDN function in primary human VSMCs. ESDN down-regulation by RNA interference significantly enhanced PDGF-induced VSMC DNA synthesis and migration. This was associated with increased ERK1/2, Src, and PDGF receptor (PDGFR)beta phosphorylation, without altering total PDGFRbeta expression levels. In binding assays, ESDN down-regulation significantly increased (125)I-PDGF maximum binding (B(max)) to PDGF receptors on VSMCs without altering the binding constant (K(d)), raising the possibility that ESDN regulates PDGFR processing. ESDN down-regulation significantly reduced ligand-induced PDGFRbeta ubiquitination. This was associated with a significant reduction in the expression level of c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinylates PDGFRbeta. Thus, ESDN modulates PDGF signaling in VSMCs via regulation of PDGFR surface levels. The ESDN effect is mediated, at least in part, through effects on PDGFRbeta ubiquitination. ESDN may serve as a target for regulating PDGFRbeta signaling in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Guo
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Miyata M, Rikitake Y, Takahashi M, Nagamatsu Y, Yamauchi Y, Ogita H, Hirata KI, Takai Y. Regulation by afadin of cyclical activation and inactivation of Rap1, Rac1, and RhoA small G proteins at leading edges of moving NIH3T3 cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24595-609. [PMID: 19589776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.016436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclical activation and inactivation of Rho family small G proteins, such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, are needed for moving cells to form leading edge structures in response to chemoattractants. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of their activities are not fully understood. We recently showed that another small G protein, Rap1, plays a crucial role in the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced formation of leading edge structures and activation of Rac1 in NIH3T3 cells. We showed here that knockdown of afadin, an actin-binding protein, in NIH3T3 cells resulted in a failure to develop leading edge structures in association with an impairment of the activation of Rap1 and Rac1 and inactivation of RhoA in response to PDGF. Overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of Rap1 (Rap1-CA) and knockdown of SPA-1, a Rap1 GTPase-activating protein that was negatively regulated by afadin by virtue of binding to it, in afadin-knockdown NIH3T3 cells restored the formation of leading edge structures and the reduction of the PDGF-induced activation of Rac1 and inactivation of RhoA, suggesting that the inactivation of Rap1 by SPA-1 is responsible for inhibition of the formation of leading edge structures. The effect of Rap1-CA on the restoration of the formation of leading edge structures and RhoA inactivation was diminished by additional knockdown of ARAP1, a Rap-activated Rho GAP, which localized at the leading edges of moving NIH3T3 cells. These results indicate that afadin regulates the cyclical activation and inactivation of Rap1, Rac1, and RhoA through SPA-1 and ARAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Majima T, Ogita H, Yamada T, Amano H, Togashi H, Sakisaka T, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Ishizaki H, Miyoshi J, Takai Y. Involvement of afadin in the formation and remodeling of synapses in the hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:539-44. [PMID: 19481057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the hippocampus, synapses are formed between mossy fiber terminals and CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites and comprise highly developed synaptic junctions (SJs) and puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs). Dynamic remodeling of synapses in the hippocampus is implicated in learning and memory. Components of both the nectin-afadin and cadherin-catenin cell adhesion systems exclusively accumulate at PAJs. We investigated the role of afadin at synapses in mice in which the afadin gene was conditionally inactivated in hippocampal neurons. In these mutant mice, the signals for not only nectins, but also N-cadherin and beta-catenin, were hardly detected in the CA3 area, in addition to loss of the signal for afadin, resulting in disruption of PAJs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed an increase in the number of perforated synapses, suggesting the instability of SJs. These results indicate that afadin is involved not only in the assembly of nectins and cadherins at synapses, but also in synaptic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Majima
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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36
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Takai Y, Ikeda W, Ogita H, Rikitake Y. The immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule nectin and its associated protein afadin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2008; 24:309-42. [PMID: 18593353 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nectins are immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that compose a family of four members. Nectins homophilically and heterophilically interact in trans with each other to form cell-cell adhesions. In addition, they heterophilically interact in trans with other immunoglobulin-like CAMs. Nectins bind afadin, an actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein, at its cytoplasmic tail and associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Afadin additionally serves as an adaptor protein by further binding many scaffolding proteins and F-actin-binding proteins and contributes to the association of nectins with other cell-cell adhesion and intracellular signaling systems. Nectins and afadin play roles in the formation of a variety of cell-cell junctions cooperatively with, or independently of, cadherins. Cooperation between nectins and cadherins is required for the formation of cell-cell junctions; cadherins alone are not sufficient. Additionally, nectins regulate many other cellular activities (such as movement, proliferation, survival, differentiation, polarization, and the entry of viruses) in cooperation with other CAMs and cell surface membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Takai Y, Miyoshi J, Ikeda W, Ogita H. Nectins and nectin-like molecules: roles in contact inhibition of cell movement and proliferation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008; 9:603-15. [PMID: 18648374 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nectins and nectin-like molecules (Necls) are immunoglobulin-like transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that are expressed in various cell types. Homophilic and heterophilic engagements between family members provide cells with molecular tools for intercellular communications. Nectins primarily regulate cell-cell adhesions, whereas Necls are involved in a greater variety of cellular functions. Recent studies have revealed that nectins and NECL-5, in cooperation with integrin alphavbeta3 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, are crucial for the mechanisms that underlie contact inhibition of cell movement and proliferation; this has important implications for the development and tissue regeneration of multicellular organisms and the phenotypes of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Takai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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