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Liu X, Xiao H, Chao J, Jian S, Wu X, Lu J, Wang J, Chen C, Liu Y. Polyvalent passive vaccine candidates from egg yolk antibodies (IgY) of important outer membrane proteins (PF1380 and ExbB) of Pseudomonas fluorescens in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109211. [PMID: 37944683 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyvalent antibodies can resist multiple bacterial species, and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibody can be economically prepared in large quantities from egg yolk; further, IgY polyvalent antibodies have application value in aquaculture. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) PF1380 and ExbB of Pseudomonas fluorescens were expressed and purified, and the corresponding IgY antibodies were prepared. PF1380, ExbB, and the corresponding IgY antibodies could activate the innate immune responses of chicken and Carassius auratus. The passive immunization to C. auratus showed that the IgY antibodies of PF1380 and ExbB had an immune protection rate, down-regulated the expression of antioxidant-related factors (MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) to reduce the antioxidant reaction, down-regulated the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β) to reduce the inflammatory reaction, maintained the integrity of visceral tissue structure, and reduced apoptosis and damage of tissue cells in relation to P. fluorescens and Aeromonas hydrophila infections. Thus, the IgY antibodies of PF1380 and ExbB could be considered as passive polyvalent vaccine candidates in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China; Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China; Fuyang Normal University--Funan Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China.
| | - Huihui Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China; Fuyang Normal University--Funan Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China
| | - Jia Chao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China; Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Sijie Jian
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Fuyang Normal University--Funan Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Fuyang Normal University--Funan Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Fuyang Normal University--Funan Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China; Fuyang Normal University--Funan Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China.
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Falcon RMG, Caoili SEC. Immunologic, genetic, and ecological interplay of factors involved in allergic diseases. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1215616. [PMID: 37601647 PMCID: PMC10435091 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1215616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An allergic or type I hypersensitivity reaction involves a misdirected immune overreaction to innocuous environmental and dietary antigens called allergens. The genetic predisposition to allergic disease, referred to as atopy, can be expressed as a variety of manifestations-e.g., allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, anaphylaxis. Globally, allergic diseases are one the most common types of chronic conditions. Several factors have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of the disease, leading to distinctively variable clinical symptoms. The factors which can attenuate or exacerbate allergic reactions can range from genetic heterozygosity, the prominence of various comorbid infections, and other factors such as pollution, climate, and interactions with other organisms and organism-derived products, and the surrounding environment. As a result, the effective prevention and control of allergies remains to be one of the most prominent public health problems. Therefore, to contextualize the current knowledge about allergic reactions, this review paper attempts to synthesize different aspects of an allergic response to describe its significance in the global health scheme. Specifically, the review shall characterize the biomolecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of the disease based on underlying disease theories and current findings on ecologic interactions and describe prevention and control strategies being utilized. An integrated perspective that considers the underlying genetic, immunologic, and ecologic aspects of the disease would enable the development of more effective and targeted diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for the management and control of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi Miguel G. Falcon
- Biomedical Innovations Research for Translational Health Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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de Souza PC, Corrêa AEDN, Gameiro JG, de Oliveira Júnior AG, Panagio LA, Venancio EJ, Almeida RS. Production of IgY against iron permease Ftr1 from Candida albicans and evaluation of its antifungal activity using Galleria mellonella as a model of systemic infection. Microb Pathog 2023:106166. [PMID: 37290729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the leading pathological agents of mucosal and deep tissue infections. Considering that the variety of antifungals is restricted and that toxicity limits their use, immunotherapies against pathogenic fungi have been viewed as alternatives with reduced adverse effects. In this context, C. albicans has a protein used to capture iron from the environment and the host, known as the high-affinity iron permease Ftr1. This protein may be a new target of action for novel antifungal therapies, as it influences the virulence of this yeast. Thus, the aim of the present study was to produce and conduct the biological characterization of IgY antibodies against C. albicans Ftr1. Immunization of laying hens with an Ftr1-derived peptide resulted in IgY antibodies extracted from egg yolks capable of binding to the antigen with high affinity (avidity index = 66.6 ± 0.3%). These antibodies reduced the growth and even eliminated C. albicans under iron restriction, a favorable condition for the expression of Ftr1. This also occurred with a mutant strain that does not produce Ftr1 in the presence of iron, a circumstance in which the protein analog of iron permease, Ftr2, is expressed. Furthermore, the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans and treated with the antibodies was 90% higher than the control group, which did not receive treatment (p < 0.0001). Therefore, our data suggest that IgY antibodies against Ftr1 from C. albicans can inhibit yeast propagation by blocking iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Canteri de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alana Elke do Nascimento Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gutschow Gameiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciano Aparecido Panagio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sergio Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
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Parray HA, Shukla S, Samal S, Shrivastava T, Ahmed S, Sharma C, Kumar R. Hybridoma technology a versatile method for isolation of monoclonal antibodies, its applicability across species, limitations, advancement and future perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106639. [PMID: 32473573 PMCID: PMC7255167 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in technology and manufacturing processes have allowed the development of new derivatives, biosimilar or advanced improved versions for approved antibodies each year for treatment regimen. There are more than 700 antibody-based molecules that are in different stages of phase I/II/ III clinical trials targeting new unique targets. To date, approximately more than 80 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved. A total of 7 novel antibody therapeutics had been granted the first approval either in the United States or European Union in the year 2019, representing approximately 20% of the total number of approved drugs. Most of these licenced mAbs or their derivatives are either of hybridoma origin or their improvised engineered versions. Even with the recent development of high throughput mAb generation technologies, hybridoma is the most favoured method due to its indigenous nature to preserve natural cognate antibody pairing information and preserves innate functions of immune cells. The recent advent of antibody engineering technology has superseded the species level barriers and has shown success in isolation of hybridoma across phylogenetically distinct species. This has led to the isolation of monoclonal antibodies against human targets that are conserved and non-immunogenic in the rodent. In this review, we have discussed in detail about hybridoma technology, its expansion towards different animal species, the importance of antibodies isolated from different animal sources that are useful in biological applications, advantages, and limitations. This review also summarizes the challenges and recent progress associated with hybridoma development, and how it has been overcome in these years to provide new insights for the isolation of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmed Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shivangi Shukla
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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Lee W, Syed Atif A, Tan SC, Leow CH. Insights into the chicken IgY with emphasis on the generation and applications of chicken recombinant monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 447:71-85. [PMID: 28502720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) antibodies as immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic biomolecules has only been recently recognized. Even so, chicken antibodies remain less-well characterized than their mammalian counterparts. This review aims at providing a current overview of the structure, function, development and generation of chicken antibodies. Additionally, brief but comprehensive insights into current knowledge pertaining to the immunogenetic framework and diversity-generation of the chicken immunoglobulin repertoire which have contributed to the establishment of recombinant chicken mAb-generating methods are discussed. Focus is provided on the current methods used to generate antibodies from chickens with added emphasis on the generation of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats. The advantages and limitations of established protocols for the generation of chicken mAbs are highlighted. The various applications of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy are further detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ali Syed Atif
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette4401 W Admiral Doyle Dr, New Iberia, LA 70560, United States
| | - Soo Choon Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Zhang X, Calvert RA, Sutton BJ, Doré KA. IgY: a key isotype in antibody evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2144-2156. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 China
| | - Rosaleen A. Calvert
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London; London SE1 1UL U.K
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London; London SE1 1UL U.K
| | - Katy A. Doré
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London; London SE1 1UL U.K
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Ghaemi Bafghi M, Bassami MR, Hashemi Tabar GR, Saberi MR, Haghparast AR, Dehghani H. A bioinformatic approach to check the spatial epitope structure of an immunogenic protein coded by DNA vaccine plasmids. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:315-20. [PMID: 26002993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used an approach to check the Hemagglutinin antigen-antibodies interactions after fusion of one or two gene segments to Hemagglutinin gene in some influenza DNA vaccines. We designed different DNA vaccine constructs containing Hemagglutinin 9 (H9) gene fused to four or eight 29 amino acids of C3d (4/8P29C3d) and/or 3, 4 domains of the Fc part of IgY (FcIgY) coding sequences. As there are receptors for P29C3d and FcIgY on the immune cells, fused H9 are targeted to these cells. Three dimensional (3D) structures of the DNA vaccine coded proteins were modeled and docked with two antibodies (1KEN, 1QFU) to evaluate the effect of the H9 gene fusion to the other gene segments (4, 8 P29C3d and FcIgY) on the interaction of two H9 spatial epitopes. Also, we docked DNA vaccine proteins containing Fc IgY to its receptor (CHIR AB1) and compare interaction affinity of Fc IgY alone with affinity of DNA vaccines containing Fc IgY. The average of 1KEN and 1QFU interface scores were 94.89 and 93.09% of H9 DNA vaccine-antibodies interface scores, respectively. These percentages showed a little change in the H9 immunogenic parts. Also, because of spatial freedom of H9 part in all DNA vaccine proteins, added parts may not interfere with antibody-antigen interactions. Once, H9+FcIgY and CHIR AB1 affinity decreased in comparison with affinity of Fc IgY alone and CHIR AB1, affinity of H9+8P29C3d+FcIgY and CHIR AB1 increased to 132%. So, this would be expectable that despite of loss of affinity in H9 and its antibodies in the H9+8P29C3d+FcIgY, dramatic increase of Fc IgY and CHIR AB1 affinity in this group, could repair the loss of H9 affinity and may lead to a better immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaemi Bafghi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - M R Bassami
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Division Of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Post code. 9177948974, Iran; Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gh R Hashemi Tabar
- Department of Pathobiology and Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - M R Saberi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
| | - A R Haghparast
- Department of Pathobiology and Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - H Dehghani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yao L, Zhao H, Tang H, Song J, Dong H, Zou F, Cai S. Chicken IgY facilitates allergic airway inflammation in a chemical-induced murine asthma model by potentiating IL-4 release. Toxicol Lett 2015; 239:22-31. [PMID: 26341180 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that is abundantly expressed in most tissues. Recently, HMGB1 has gained much attention for its regulation of immunity and inflammation. Yet its role in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma still remains poorly characterized. In this study, mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to establish a TDI-induced asthma model. An IgY anti-HMGB1 antibody or isotype IgY was given intraperitoneally after each challenge. Airway reactivity to methacholine, airway inflammation, bronchial epithelial hyperplasia and shedding were unexpectedly aggravated after administration of the anti-HMGB1 antibody and was accompanied by increased pulmonary expression of HMGB1, especially in those mice treated with IgY. Levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α were also elevated with TDI-induction. Primary lymphocytes from TDI sensitized and challenged mice demonstrated increased secretion of IL-4 after IgY stimulation. To confirm the effect of IgY, a cohort of mice exposed to TDI or vehicle was injected with IgY and the same results were observed after IgY treatment as in TDI asthmatic mice. Taken together, these results show that the IgY anti-HMGB1 antibody can facilitate TDI-induced allergic airway inflammation. Specifically, IgY, rather than anti-HMGB1, plays an important role in the process of exacerbated asthma, shedding light on an underappreciated role of avian IgY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiafu Song
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hangming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Lee KE, Han BK, Han JY, Hong JY, Kim MN, Heo WI, Sohn MH, Kim KW, Kim KE. Production of egg yolk antibodies specific to house dust mite proteins. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:999-1004. [PMID: 24954330 PMCID: PMC4075406 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE House dust mites (HDMs) are an important source of indoor allergens associated with asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Chicken immunoglobulin (Ig) Y is known to be a good alternative to mice and rabbit antibody production. In this study, we produced IgYs specific to HDMs and investigated their IgE immunoreactivities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total IgYs were isolated from the yolks of White Leghorn hens immunized with either Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or D. farinae protein extract. Control antibodies were separated from the yolks of immunized hens with phosphate buffered saline. IgYs specific to HDMs were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS The concentration of egg IgY specific to D. farinae in an immunized hen increased and the highest achieved was 661.3 ug/mg (per an egg) on day 47, compared with 760 ug/mg IgY specific to D. pteronyssinus on day 16. The D. pteronyssinus or D. farinae-specific IgY was detected by binding of each mite proteins, and their immunoreactivities were elevated dependent of the specific IgY concentration. CONCLUSION IgY specific to HDMs may be a promising antibody for immunological diagnosis as well as identification of possible resistance relating to HDM allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, WCU Biomodulation Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Hong
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Il Heo
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Takimoto T, Doi K, Kobayashi M, Horio F, Murai A. Amino acid substitution in the Cυ3 domain causes either elevation or reduction of IgY uptake into egg yolks of quail. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 153:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Murai A, Murota R, Doi K, Yoshida T, Aoyama H, Kobayashi M, Horio F. Avian IgY is selectively incorporated into the egg yolks of oocytes by discriminating Fc amino acid residues located on the Cυ3/Cυ4 interface. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:378-387. [PMID: 23276880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In avian species, maternal IgY is selectively incorporated into the egg yolks of maturing oocytes, but the relevance of receptor-mediated uptake is unclear. Here we investigated the critical amino acid residues of IgY required for egg yolk transport by conducting mutational analyses of selected residues located along the Cυ3 and Cυ4 domains of chicken IgY. Recombinant wild-type IgY-Fc (WT) and its mutants were synthesized, and their uptakes into the egg yolks of quail were determined. Among the 17 amino acid residues located on the Cυ3/Cυ4 interface, the substitution of Y363 at the Cυ3 domain to alanine abolished the IgY-Fc uptake into egg yolks. The comprehensive substitution of Y363 with other amino acids revealed that the residue at 363 needs to be allocated with aromatic amino acids to maintain the high transport ability. The deglycosylation of the N-linked carbohydrate chain by substituting N407 at the Cυ3 domain with alanine also caused a marked reduction of IgY-Fc uptake. The microscopic detection of the injected WT and Y363A mutant in ovarian follicles showed that the WT was concentrically accumulated in yolk granules, whereas the Y363A mutant was hardly accumulated in yolk granules, but it had infiltrated into the granulosa cell layer, suggesting that a major hurdle disturbing the infiltration of the Y363A mutant lies on the inside of the granulosa cell layer. The identification of important amino acid residues required for efficient IgY transport enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IgY transport through a specific IgY receptor in ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Murai
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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The Turkey Ig-like receptor family: identification, expression and function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59577. [PMID: 23527222 PMCID: PMC3601082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken leukocyte receptor complex located on microchromosome 31 encodes the chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIR), a vastly expanded gene family which can be further divided into three subgroups: activating CHIR-A, bifunctional CHIR-AB and inhibitory CHIR-B. Here, we investigated the presence of CHIR homologues in other bird species. The available genome databases of turkey, duck and zebra finch were screened with different strategies including BLAST searches employing various CHIR sequences, and keyword searches. We could not identify CHIR homologues in the distantly related zebra finch and duck, however, several partial and complete sequences of CHIR homologues were identified on chromosome 3 of the turkey genome. They were designated as turkey Ig-like receptors (TILR). Using cDNA derived from turkey blood and spleen RNA, six full length TILR could be amplified and further divided according to the typical sequence features into one activating TILR-A, one inhibitory TILR-B and four bifunctional TILR-AB. Since the TILR-AB sequences all displayed the critical residues shown to be involved in binding to IgY, we next confirmed the IgY binding using a soluble TILR-AB1-huIg fusion protein. This fusion protein reacted with IgY derived from various gallinaceous birds, but not with IgY from other bird species. Finally, we tested various mab directed against CHIR for their crossreactivity with either turkey or duck leukocytes. Whereas no staining was detectable with duck cells, the CHIR-AB1 specific mab 8D12 and the CHIR-A2 specific mab 13E2 both reacted with a leukocyte subpopulation that was further identified as thrombocytes by double immunofluorescence employing B-cell, T-cell and thrombocyte specific reagents. In summary, although the turkey harbors similar LRC genes as the chicken, their distribution seems to be distinct with predominance on thrombocytes rather than lymphocytes.
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Rahman S, Van Nguyen S, Icatlo FC, Umeda K, Kodama Y. Oral passive IgY-based immunotherapeutics: a novel solution for prevention and treatment of alimentary tract diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1039-48. [PMID: 23319156 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary summarizes the laboratory investigations and clinical trials published recently involving per-oral application of IgY supplemented food for specific orogastrointestinal disease prevention and control purposes. The prolonged use and misuse of conventional antibacterial drugs has spawned antibiotic resistant microbes prompting scientists to search for other germ-killing options. In particular, the use of IgY as a novel mode of immunotherapy using oral chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) to confer passive immunity has gained much interest as an inexpensive non-antibiotic alternative for the prophylaxis and treatment of a wide variety of infectious diseases. The stability of IgY in the orogastrointestinal tract and its safety profile has been well-documented. IgY has been used in the treatment or prevention of dental caries, periodontitis and gingivitis, gastritis and gastric ulcer, oral thrush and infant rotavirus diarrhea. The recent clinical trials on IgY with encouraging results has catapulted into the market novel nutraceutical or health supplements for therapeutic or prophylactic intervention based on the consumption of mono-specific or mixed IgY formulations. With recent trends in consumer preference for natural materials to alleviate health concerns, the increasing healthcare costs and the recent advances in drug delivery systems, IgY is likely to shift from its mainly functional food status toward pharmaceuticalization in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiqur Rahman
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu; EW Nutrition Japan; Sano, Gifu Japan
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Tian Z, Zhang X. Progress on research of chicken IgY antibody-FcRY receptor combination and transfer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2012; 32:231-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2012.703207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Spillner E, Braren I, Greunke K, Seismann H, Blank S, du Plessis D. Avian IgY antibodies and their recombinant equivalents in research, diagnostics and therapy. Biologicals 2012; 40:313-22. [PMID: 22748514 PMCID: PMC7106491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation and use of avian antibodies is of increasing interest in a wide variety of applications within the life sciences. Due to their phylogenetic distance, mechanisms of immune diversification and the way in which they deposit IgY immunoglobulin in the egg yolk, chickens provide a number of advantages compared to mammals as hosts for immunization. These advantages include: the one-step purification of antibodies from egg yolk in large amounts facilitates having a virtually continuous supply; the epitope spectrum of avian antibodies potentially grants access to novel specificities; the broad absence of cross-reactivity with mammalian epitopes avoids assay interference and improves the performance of immunological techniques. The polyclonal nature of IgY antibodies has limited their use since avian hybridoma techniques are not well established. Recombinant IgY, however, can be generated from mammalian monoclonal antibodies which makes it possible to further exploit the advantageous properties of the IgY scaffold. Moreover, cloning and selecting the immune repertoire from avian organisms is highly efficient, yielding antigen-specific antibody fragments. The recombinant approach is well suited to circumvent any limitations of polyclonal antibodies. This review presents comprehensive information on the generation, purification, modification and applications of polyclonal and monoclonal IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzard Spillner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Viertlboeck BC, Göbel TW. The chicken leukocyte receptor cluster. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:1-10. [PMID: 21794927 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptors of the immunoglobulin-like superfamily are critically involved in virtually every aspect of immune responses. One large chromosomal area encoding such immunoregulatory receptors is the leukocyte receptor cluster. Here we review various aspects of the chicken Ig-like receptor (CHIR) family, located on microchromosome 31, an orthologous position to the mammalian leukocyte receptor cluster. The CHIR family has been massively expanded with over hundred CHIR genes that are further distinguished into activating, inhibitory and bifunctional receptors. Comparisons of various features such as amino acid motifs, genomic structure, expression and associated adaptor molecules reveal the homology of CHIR to both the killer Ig-like and the leukocyte Ig-like receptor families, with most pronounced correlation of certain CHIR to the NK cell receptor KIR2DL4. To date the CHIR ligands remain largely obscure with the exception of CHIR-AB1 that binds to chicken IgY. Detailed analyses of CHIR-AB1, its crystal structure, the interaction to IgY and functional capabilities allow us to draw conclusions regarding Fc receptor phylogeny and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit C Viertlboeck
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany
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Palaniyandi S, Tomei E, Li Z, Conrad DH, Zhu X. CD23-dependent transcytosis of IgE and immune complex across the polarized human respiratory epithelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3484-96. [PMID: 21307287 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergic inflammation occurs when allergens cross-link IgE on the surface of immune cells, thereby triggering the release of inflammatory mediators as well as enhancing Ag presentations. IgE is frequently present in airway secretions, and its level can be enhanced in human patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. However, it remains completely unknown how IgE appears in the airway secretions. In this study, we show that CD23 (FcεRII) is constitutively expressed in established or primary human airway epithelial cells, and its expression is significantly upregulated when airway epithelial cells were subjected to IL-4 stimulation. In a transcytosis assay, human IgE or IgE-derived immune complex (IC) was transported across a polarized Calu-3 monolayer. Exposure of the Calu-3 monolayer to IL-4 stimulation also enhanced the transcytosis of either human IgE or the IC. A CD23-specific Ab or soluble CD23 significantly reduced the efficiency of IgE or IC transcytosis, suggesting a specific receptor-mediated transport by CD23. Transcytosis of both IgE and the IC was further verified in primary human airway epithelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, the transcytosed Ag-IgE complexes were competent in inducing degranulation of the cultured human mast cells. Because airway epithelial cells are the first cell layer to come into contact with inhaled allergens, our study implies CD23-mediated IgE transcytosis in human airway epithelial cells may play a critical role in initiating and contributing to the perpetuation of airway allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Palaniyandi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Baccari GC, Pinelli C, Santillo A, Minucci S, Rastogi RK. Mast Cells in Nonmammalian Vertebrates. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 290:1-53. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386037-8.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cizelj I, Berčič RL, Dušanić D, Narat M, Kos J, Dovč P, Benčina D. Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae express a cysteine protease CysP, which can cleave chicken IgG into Fab and Fc. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 157:362-372. [PMID: 20966088 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Major poultry pathogens M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae share a gene encoding a putative cysteine protease CysP similar to papain cysteine protease (C1A subfamily). Comparison of the cysP gene sequences of 18 M. synoviae and 10 M. gallisepticum strains sequenced in this study showed polymorphisms, including deletions. Seven M. synoviae strains, including the type strain WVU 1853, had a 39 bp deletion in the 3' end of the cysP gene. In the same cysP region, all M. gallisepticum strains showed a deletion of 66 bp. Immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies demonstrated that M. synoviae strains expressed CysP, which was approximately 65 kDa. Both M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum were able to digest chicken IgG (cIgG). Incubation of cIgG (∼170 kDa) with M. synoviae or M. gallisepticum cells (∼15 h at 37 °C) resulted in a papain-like cleavage pattern of cIgG and fragments corresponding to the antigen-binding fragment of IgG (Fab, ∼45 kDa) and the crystallizable region fragment (Fc) of the IgG heavy chain (dimer of ∼60 kDa). Iodoacetamide (50 mM) prevented cleavage of cIgG by both Mycoplasma species. Following site-directed mutagenesis (eight TGA codons were changed to TGG) the cysP gene of M. synoviae ULB 925 was expressed as a His-tagged protein in a cell-free system. Purified recombinant CysP (rCysP; ∼67 kDa, pI∼8) cleaved cIgG into Fab and Fc fragments. This indicates that CysP is responsible for the cIgG cleavage caused by M. synoviae and, probably, by M. gallisepticum. This is the first evidence to our knowledge that mycoplasmas have enzymes that can cleave the host IgG and indicates a novel strategy used by M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae for prolonged survival despite the antibody response of their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Cizelj
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Lucijana Berčič
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Daliborka Dušanić
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Narat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Dovč
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Benčina
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
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Taylor AI, Sutton BJ, Calvert RA. Mutations in an avian IgY-Fc fragment reveal the locations of monocyte Fc receptor binding sites. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:97-101. [PMID: 19733585 PMCID: PMC2795851 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The avian IgY antibody isotype shares a common ancestor with both mammalian IgG and IgE and so provides a means to study the evolution of their structural and functional specialisations. Although both IgG and IgE bind to their leukocyte Fc receptors with 1:1 stoichiometry, IgY binds to CHIR-AB1, a receptor expressed in avian monocytes, with 2:1 stoichiometry. The mutagenesis data reported here explain the structural basis for this difference, mapping the CHIR-AB1 binding site to the Cupsilon3/Cupsilon4 interface and not the N-terminal region of Cupsilon3 where, at equivalent locations, the IgG and IgE leukocyte Fc receptor binding sites lie. This finding, together with the phylogenetic relationship of the antibodies and their receptors, indicates that a substantial shift in the nature of Fc receptor binding occurred during the evolution of mammalian IgG and IgE.
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Key Words
- cα/ɛ/γ/υ, heavy chain constant domain of iga/ige/igg/igy
- chir-ab1, chicken leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor ab1
- fcαr, the leukocyte receptor for iga (cd89)
- fcγriii, a low affinity receptor for igg (cd16)
- fcɛri, the high-affinity receptor for ige
- fcυ2–4, chicken igy-fc fragment containing heavy chain constant domains 2, 3 and 4
- mq-ncsu, a chicken monocyte cell line
- sfpchir-ab1, soluble fusion protein of the extracellular region of chir-ab1 and human igg-fc
- spr, surface plasmon resonance (biacore)
- antibodies
- birds
- evolution
- fc receptors
- immunity
- immunoglobulins
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Taylor
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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Production of Recombinant Chicken IgY-Fc and Evaluation of Its Transport Ability into Avian Egg Yolks. J Poult Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pürzel J, Schmitt R, Viertlboeck BC, Göbel TW. Chicken IgY binds its receptor at the CH3/CH4 interface similarly as the human IgA: Fc alpha RI interaction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4554-9. [PMID: 19748988 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chicken IgY, the ancestral form of mammalian IgE and IgG, is recognized by the high-affinity FcY receptor CHIR-AB1, a member of the leukocyte receptor family. In this study, we have characterized the receptor ligand interaction site by consecutive truncations of the Fcv IgY domains and mutational analyses of selected residues. Using several fusion proteins that linked the human Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 domains with the Fcv IgY domains, a binding assay revealed that both the Fcv3 and Fcv4 domains were essential for the IgY CHIR-AB1 interaction. Sequence comparisons of chicken IgY with human IgA demonstrated that 11 of the 19 contact residues important for the IgA FcalphaRI interaction have been conserved in chicken IgY, although the overall amino acid identity is only 34%. Among the 19 amino acids at respective positions in IgY, the mutation of two residues in the Fcv3 and two in the Fcv4 domain completely abolished the IgY to CHIR-AB1 binding revealed by two independent assays. Three further mutations substantially altered the interaction. Molecular modeling on the Cv3 to Cv4 crystal structure revealed that all critical residues, although on two domains, are in close proximity. The importance of N-linked carbohydrates was demonstrated by the failure of the CHIR-AB1 interaction after mutation of the glycosylation site. The identification of the IgY Cv3/Cv4 interdomain region as critical for binding to CHIR-AB1 significantly enhances our understanding of the IgY receptor interaction and allows further conclusions regarding the FcR phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pürzel
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Taylor AI, Beavil RL, Sutton BJ, Calvert RA. A monomeric chicken IgY receptor binds IgY with 2:1 stoichiometry. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24168-75. [PMID: 19592496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IgY is the principal serum antibody in birds and reptiles, and an IgY-like molecule was the evolutionary precursor of both mammalian IgG and IgE. A receptor for IgY on chicken monocytes, chicken leukocyte receptor AB1 (CHIR-AB1), lies in the avian leukocyte receptor cluster rather than the classical Fc receptor cluster where the genes for mammalian IgE and IgG receptors are found. IgG and IgE receptors bind to the lower hinge region of their respective antibodies with 1:1 stoichiometry, whereas the myeloid receptor for IgA, FcalphaRI, and the IgG homeostasis receptor, FcRn, which are found in the mammalian leukocyte receptor cluster, bind with 2:1 stoichiometry between the heavy chain constant domains 2 and 3 of each heavy chain. In this paper, the extracellular domain of CHIR-AB1 was expressed in a soluble form and shown to be a monomer that binds to IgY-Fc with 2:1 stoichiometry. The two binding sites have similar affinities: K(a)(1) = 7.22 +/- 0.22 x 10(5) m(-1) and K(a)(2) = 3.63 +/- 1.03 x 10(6) m(-1) (comparable with the values reported for IgA binding to its receptor). The affinity constants for IgY and IgY-Fc binding to immobilized CHIR-AB1 are 9.07 +/- 0.07 x 10(7) and 6.11 +/- 0.02 x 10(8) m(-1), respectively, in agreement with values obtained for IgY binding to chicken monocyte cells and comparable with reported values for human IgA binding to neutrophils. Although the binding site for CHIR-AB1 on IgY is not known, the data reported here with a monomeric receptor binding to IgY at two sites with low affinity suggest an IgA-like interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Taylor
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Viertlboeck BC, Schweinsberg S, Schmitt R, Herberg FW, Göbel TW. The chicken leukocyte receptor complex encodes a family of different affinity FcY receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6985-92. [PMID: 19454695 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIR) form a large family in the leukocyte receptor complex on microchromosome 31 with inhibitory, activating, and bifunctional receptors. Recently, we characterized CHIR-AB1 as a high-affinity, primordial FcY receptor. Given that the CHIR family represents a multigene family, it is plausible that more than a single receptor binds to IgY. Therefore, after comparing CHIR-AB1-like sequences in databases, we cloned CHIR-AB1 homologues from two individual chickens representing the lines M11 and R11 with primers binding to highly conserved regions. In both lines this approach yielded 18 different CHIR-AB amino acid versions, with one sequence out of each line that was identical with the previously characterized B19 CHIR-AB1 Ig domain and two additional R11-M11 identical sequence pairs. All M11-derived CHIR-AB homologues were then expressed as soluble human Ig fusion proteins. Following standardization of the fusion protein concentration with an ELISA, the IgY, IgM, and IgA binding activities were determined by ELISA. Six fusion proteins recognized IgY, whereas none bound to IgM and IgA. The affinities of selected fusion proteins were determined using surface plasmon resonance yielding an equilibrium binding constant between 25 nM for high binders and 260 nM for low binders. Sequence comparisons and subsequent mutational analysis of selected residues identified five amino acids that are potentially involved in IgY binding. These results imply that multiple FcY receptors of variable affinity are encoded by the CHIR locus and that different chicken lines may express both unique as well as highly conserved FcY receptors.
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Jackson JA, Friberg IM, Little S, Bradley JE. Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: immunity against helminths and immunological phenomena in modern human populations: coevolutionary legacies? Immunology 2009; 126:18-27. [PMID: 19120495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the molecules and cells involved in triggering immune responses against parasitic worms (helminths) remain enigmatic, research has continued to implicate expansions of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and regulatory T-helper (T(reg)) cells as a characteristic response to these organisms. An intimate association has also emerged between Th2 responses and wound-healing functions. As helminth infections in humans are associated with a strong Th2/T(reg) immunoregulatory footprint (often termed a 'modified Th2' response), plausible links have been made to increased susceptibility to microbial pathogens in helminth-infected populations in the tropics and to the breakdowns in immunological control (allergy and autoimmunity) that are increasing in frequency in helminth-free developed countries. Removal of helminths and their anti-inflammatory influence may also have hazards for populations exposed to infectious agents, such as malaria and influenza, whose worst effects are mediated by excessive inflammatory reactions. The patterns seen in the control of helminth immunity are discussed from an evolutionary perspective. Whilst an inability to correctly regulate the immune system in the absence of helminth infection might seem highly counter-adaptive, the very ancient and pervasive relationship between vertebrates and helminths supports a view that immunological control networks have been selected to function within the context of a modified Th2 environment. The absence of immunoregulatory stimuli from helminths may therefore uncover maladaptations that were not previously exposed to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Jackson
- School of Biology, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Taylor AI, Fabiane SM, Sutton BJ, Calvert RA. The crystal structure of an avian IgY-Fc fragment reveals conservation with both mammalian IgG and IgE. Biochemistry 2009; 48:558-62. [PMID: 19115948 DOI: 10.1021/bi8019993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Avian IgY is closely related to an ancestor of both mammalian IgG and IgE and thus provides insights into the evolution of antibody structure and function. A recombinant fragment of IgY-Fc consisting of a dimer of the Cupsilon3 and Cupsilon4 domains, Fcupsilon3-4, was expressed and crystallized and its X-ray structure determined to 1.75 A resolution. Fcupsilon3-4 is the only nonmammalian Fc fragment structure determined to date and provides the first structural evidence for an ancient origin of antibody architecture. The Fcupsilon3-4 structure reveals features common to both IgE-Fc and IgG-Fc, and the implications for IgY binding to its receptor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Taylor
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, and MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Ballantyne C. Allergy genes flew the coop, according to evolutionary analysis. Nat Med 2008; 14:797. [PMID: 18685586 DOI: 10.1038/nm0808-797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fang X, Zhang WW. Affinity separation and enrichment methods in proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2008; 71:284-303. [PMID: 18619565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein separation or enrichment is one of the rate-limiting steps in proteomic studies. Specific capture and removal of highly-abundant proteins (HAP) with large sample-handling capacities are in great demand for enabling detection and analysis of low-abundant proteins (LAP). How to grasp and enrich these specific proteins or LAP in complex protein mixtures is also an outstanding challenge for biomarker discovery and validation. In response to these needs, various approaches for removal of HAP or capture of LAP in biological fluids, particularly in plasma or serum, have been developed. Among them, immunoaffinity subtraction methods based upon polyclonal IgY or IgG antibodies have shown to possess unique advantages for proteomic analysis of plasma, serum and other biological samples. In addition, other affinity methods that use recombinant proteins, lectins, peptides, or chemical ligands have also been developed and applied to LAP capture or enrichment. This review discusses in detail the need to put technologies and methods in affinity subtraction or enrichment into a context of proteomic and systems biology as "Separomics" and provides a prospective of affinity-mediated proteomics. Specific products, along with their features, advantages, and disadvantages will also be discussed.
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