1
|
Xiao Y, Liang Z, Qiao J, Zhu Z, Liu B, Tian Y. BRD7 facilitates ferroptosis via modulating clusterin promoter hypermethylation and suppressing AMPK signaling in diabetes-induced testicular damage. Mol Med 2024; 30:100. [PMID: 38992588 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced testicular damage is associated with sexual dysfunction and male infertility in DM patients. However, the pathogenesis of DM-induced testicular damage remains largely undefined. METHODS A streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model and high glucose (HG)-treated in vitro diabetic model were established. The histological changes of testes were assessed by H&E staining. Serum testosterone, iron, MDA and GSH levels were detected using commercial kits. Cell viability and lipid peroxidation was monitored by MTT assay and BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining, respectively. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Western blotting were employed to detect the levels of BRD7, Clusterin, EZH2 and AMPK signaling molecules. The associations among BRD7, EZH2 and DNMT3a were detected by co-IP, and the transcriptional regulation of Clusterin was monitored by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and ChIP assay. RESULTS Ferroptosis was associated with DM-induced testicular damage in STZ mice and HG-treated GC-1spg cells, and this was accompanied with the upregulation of BRD7. Knockdown of BRD7 suppressed HG-induced ferroptosis, as well as HG-induced Clusterin promoter methylation and HG-inactivated AMPK signaling in GC-1spg cells. Mechanistical studies revealed that BRD7 directly bound to EZH2 and regulated Clusterin promoter methylation via recruiting DNMT3a. Knockdown of Clusterin or inactivation of AMPK signaling reverses BRD7 silencing-suppressed ferroptosis in GC-1spg cells. In vivo findings showed that lack of BRD7 protected against diabetes-induced testicular damage and ferroptosis via increasing Clusterin expression and activating AMPK signaling. CONCLUSION BRD7 suppressed Clusterin expression via modulating Clusterin promoter hypermethylation in an EZH2 dependent manner, thereby suppressing AMPK signaling to facilitate ferroptosis and induce diabetes-associated testicular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehai Xiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China
| | - Zongjian Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Urology, School of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trejo-Villegas OA, Heijink IH, Ávila-Moreno F. Preclinical evidence in the assembly of mammalian SWI/SNF complexes: Epigenetic insights and clinical perspectives in human lung disease therapy. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00409-X. [PMID: 38910326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex, also known as the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex, represents a critical regulator of chromatin remodeling mechanisms in mammals. It is alternatively referred to as mSWI/SNF and has been suggested to be imbalanced in human disease compared with human health. Three types of BAF assemblies associated with it have been described, including (1) canonical BAF (cBAF), (2) polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF), and (3) non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complexes. Each of these BAF assemblies plays a role, either functional or dysfunctional, in governing gene expression patterns, cellular processes, epigenetic mechanisms, and biological processes. Recent evidence increasingly links the dysregulation of mSWI/SNF complexes to various human non-malignant lung chronic disorders and lung malignant diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive general state-of-the-art and a profound examination of the current understanding of mSWI/SNF assembly processes, as well as the structural and functional organization of mSWI/SNF complexes and their subunits. In addition, it explores their intricate functional connections with potentially dysregulated transcription factors, placing particular emphasis on molecular and cellular pathogenic processes in lung diseases. These processes are reflected in human epigenome aberrations that impact clinical and therapeutic levels, suggesting novel perspectives on the diagnosis and molecular therapies for human respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio A Trejo-Villegas
- Lung Diseases and Functional Epigenomics Laboratory (LUDIFE), Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-Iztacala), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios #1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, México
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Departments of Pathology & Medical Biology and Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Lung Diseases and Functional Epigenomics Laboratory (LUDIFE), Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-Iztacala), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios #1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, México; Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Ismael Cosío Villegas, 14080, Ciudad de México, México; Research Tower, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saha D, Animireddy S, Bartholomew B. The SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in cell lineage priming and early development. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:603-616. [PMID: 38572912 PMCID: PMC11088921 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ATP dependent chromatin remodelers have pivotal roles in transcription, DNA replication and repair, and maintaining genome integrity. SWI/SNF remodelers were first discovered in yeast genetic screens for factors involved in mating type switching or for using alternative energy sources therefore termed SWI/SNF complex (short for SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable). The SWI/SNF complexes utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis to disrupt histone-DNA interactions and shift, eject, or reposition nucleosomes making the underlying DNA more accessible to specific transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. In development, SWI/SNF orchestrates the precise activation and repression of genes at different stages, safe guards the formation of specific cell lineages and tissues. Dysregulation of SWI/SNF have been implicated in diseases such as cancer, where they can drive uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor metastasis. Additionally, SWI/SNF defects are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, leading to disruption of neural development and function. This review offers insights into recent developments regarding the roles of the SWI/SNF complex in pluripotency and cell lineage primining and the approaches that have helped delineate its importance. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for unraveling the intricate processes governing embryonic stem cell biology and developmental transitions and may potentially apply to human diseases linked to mutations in the SWI/SNF complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhurjhoti Saha
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A
| | - Srinivas Animireddy
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A
| | - Blaine Bartholomew
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Innis S, Alpsoy A, Crodian J, Tseng YC, Dykhuizen E, Cabot B, Cabot R. Identification of SWI/SNF Subcomplex GBAF Presence, Intra-Complex Interactions, and Transcriptional Dynamics during Early Porcine Development. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:773. [PMID: 38473159 PMCID: PMC10930984 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors is vital for enhancing livestock production efficiency while safeguarding animal health. Despite extensive studies on production-specific genes in livestock, exploring how epigenetic mechanisms and heritable modifications govern animal growth and development remains an under-explored frontier with potential implications across all life stages. This study focuses on the GBAF chromatin remodeling complex and evaluates its presence during embryonic and fetal development in swine. Immunocytochemistry and co-immunoprecipitation techniques were employed to investigate the presence and interactions of GBAF subunits BRD9 and GLTSCR1 in porcine oocytes, preimplantation embryos, and cell lines, and transcriptional dynamics of GBAF subunits across these key developmental stages were analyzed using existing RNA-seq datasets. BRD9 and GLTSCR1 were identified across all represented stages, and an interaction between GLTSCR1 and BAF170 was shown in PTr2 and PFF cells. Our findings highlight the ubiquitous presence of GBAF in porcine early development and the potentially novel association between GLTSCR1 and BAF170 in swine. The transcriptional dynamics findings may suggest GBAF-specific contributions during key developmental events. This study contributes to the growing understanding of epigenetic regulators in both swine and mammalian development, emphasizing the implications of GBAF as a modulator of key developmental events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Innis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.I.)
| | - Aktan Alpsoy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jennifer Crodian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.I.)
| | - Yu-Chun Tseng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.I.)
| | - Emily Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Birgit Cabot
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.I.)
| | - Ryan Cabot
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verma N, Renauer PA, Dong C, Xin S, Lin Q, Zhang F, Glazer PM, Chen S. Genome scale CRISPR screens identify actin capping proteins as key modulators of therapeutic responses to radiation and immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.575614. [PMID: 38293095 PMCID: PMC10827061 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), is a fundamental treatment for malignant tumors and is used in over half of cancer patients. As radiation can promote anti-tumor immune effects, a promising therapeutic strategy is to combine radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the genetic determinants that impact therapeutic response in the context of combination therapy with radiation and ICI have not been systematically investigated. To unbiasedly identify the tumor intrinsic genetic factors governing such responses, we perform a set of genome-scale CRISPR screens in melanoma cells for cancer survival in response to low-dose genotoxic radiation treatment, in the context of CD8 T cell co-culture and with anti-PD1 checkpoint blockade antibody. Two actin capping proteins, Capza3 and Capg, emerge as top hits that upon inactivation promote the survival of melanoma cells in such settings. Capza3 and Capg knockouts (KOs) in mouse and human cancer cells display persistent DNA damage due to impaired homology directed repair (HDR); along with increased radiation, chemotherapy, and DNA repair inhibitor sensitivity. However, when cancer cells with these genes inactivated were exposed to sublethal radiation, inactivation of such actin capping protein promotes activation of the STING pathway, induction of inhibitory CEACAM1 ligand expression and resistance to CD8 T cell killing. Patient cancer genomics analysis reveals an increased mutational burden in patients with inactivating mutations in CAPG and/or CAPZA3, at levels comparable to other HDR associated genes. There is also a positive correlation between CAPG expression and activation of immune related pathways and CD8 T cell tumor infiltration. Our results unveil the critical roles of actin binding proteins for efficient HDR within cancer cells and demonstrate a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism of therapeutic response to radiation and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Verma
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul A. Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chuanpeng Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shan Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao M, Kondo S, Nomura M, Kato S, Nishimura K, Zang W, Zhang Y, Akashi T, Viny A, Shigehiro T, Ikawa T, Yamazaki H, Fukumoto M, Tanaka A, Hayashi Y, Koike Y, Aoyama Y, Ito H, Nishikawa H, Kitamura T, Kanai A, Yokoyama A, Fujiwara T, Goyama S, Noguchi H, Lee SC, Toyoda A, Hinohara K, Abdel-Wahab O, Inoue D. BRD9 determines the cell fate of hematopoietic stem cells by regulating chromatin state. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8372. [PMID: 38102116 PMCID: PMC10724271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complexes exist in three subcomplexes: canonical BAF (cBAF), polybromo BAF (PBAF), and a newly described non-canonical BAF (ncBAF). While cBAF and PBAF regulate fates of multiple cell types, roles for ncBAF in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been investigated. Motivated by recent discovery of disrupted expression of BRD9, an essential component of ncBAF, in multiple cancers, including clonal hematopoietic disorders, we evaluate here the role of BRD9 in normal and malignant HSCs. BRD9 loss enhances chromatin accessibility, promoting myeloid lineage skewing while impairing B cell development. BRD9 significantly colocalizes with CTCF, whose chromatin recruitment is augmented by BRD9 loss, leading to altered chromatin state and expression of myeloid-related genes within intact topologically associating domains. These data uncover ncBAF as critical for cell fate specification in HSCs via three-dimensional regulation of gene expression and illuminate roles for ncBAF in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muran Xiao
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Facility for iPS Cell Therapy, CiRA Foundation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kato
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for 5D Cell Dynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Weijia Zang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Akashi
- Center for 5D Cell Dynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Systems Biology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aaron Viny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tsukasa Shigehiro
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Fukumoto
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hayashi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for 5D Cell Dynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory Diagnostics, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Noguchi
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Stanley C Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for 5D Cell Dynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wiggans M, Zhu SJ, Molinaro AM, Pearson BJ. The BAF chromatin remodeling complex licenses planarian stem cells access to ectodermal and mesodermal cell fates. BMC Biol 2023; 21:227. [PMID: 37864247 PMCID: PMC10589948 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flatworm planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, has a large population of adult stem cells (ASCs) that replace any cell type during tissue turnover or regeneration. How planarian ASCs (called neoblasts) manage self-renewal with the ability to produce daughter cells of different cell lineages (multipotency) is not well understood. Chromatin remodeling complexes ultimately control access to DNA regions of chromosomes and together with specific transcription factors determine whether a gene is transcribed in a given cell type. Previous work in planarians determined that RNAi of core components of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, brg1 and smarcc2, caused increased ASCs and failed regeneration, but how these cellular defects arise at the level of gene regulation in neoblasts is unknown. RESULTS Here, we perform ATAC and RNA sequencing on purified neoblasts, deficient for the BAF complex subunits brg-1 and smarcc2. The data demonstrate that the BAF complex promotes chromatin accessibility and facilitates transcription at target loci, as in other systems. Interestingly, we find that the BAF complex enables access to genes known to be required for the generation of mesoderm- and ectoderm-derived lineages, including muscle, parenchymal cathepsin, neural, and epithelial lineages. BAF complex knockdowns result in disrupted differentiation into these cell lineages and functional consequences on planarian regeneration and tissue turnover. Notably, we did not detect a role for the BAF complex in neoblasts making endodermal lineages. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides functional insights into how the BAF complex contributes to cell fate decisions in planarian ASCs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Wiggans
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Shu Jun Zhu
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alyssa M Molinaro
- Present address: Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Bret J Pearson
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Present address: Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Higuchi S, Suehiro Y, Izuhara L, Yoshina S, Hirasawa A, Mitani S. BCL7B, a SWI/SNF complex subunit, orchestrates cancer immunity and stemness. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:811. [PMID: 37648998 PMCID: PMC10466690 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of human death. Here, we focus on the B-cell lymphoma 7 protein family member B (BCL7B) gene, an accessory subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex. To characterize the function of BCL7B, heterozygous BCL7B-deficient stomach cancer cell lines were generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. The comprehensive gene expression patterns were compared between parental cells and each ΔBCL7B cell line by RNA-seq. The results showed marked downregulation of immune-related genes and upregulation of stemness-related genes in the ΔBCL7B cell lines. Moreover, by ChIP-seq analysis with H3K27me3 antibody, the changes of epigenetic modification sequences were compared between parental cells and each ΔBCL7B cell line. After machine learning, we detected the centroid sequence changes, which exerted an impact on antigen presentation. The regulation of BCL7B expression in cancer cells gives rise to cancer stem cell-like characteristics and the acquisition of an immune evasion phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Higuchi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuji Suehiro
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Luna Izuhara
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li L, Wang L, Liu D, Zhao Y. BRD7 suppresses tumor chemosensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by inhibiting USP1-mediated deubiquitination of CHK1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:313. [PMID: 37626049 PMCID: PMC10457387 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a key effector in the cellular response to DNA lesions, is a crucial component of all cell cycle checkpoints. Recent reports have revealed that CHK1 is highly expressed in numerous cancer types in the clinical settings. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CHK1 expression in tumor cells remain unclear. Here, we report that CHK1 is negatively regulated by the bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7). Specifically, BRD7 silencing increased CHK1 (but not CHK2) expression at both mRNA and protein levels, in a p53-independent manner in multiple tumor cell lines. Furthermore, BRD7 silencing stabilized CHK1 via reducing its ubiquitination. Mechanistically, BRD7 knockdown not only increased the levels of USP1, a deubiquitinase for CHK1, but also promoted the interaction between CHK1 and USP1, subsequently enhancing the de-ubiquitination of CHK1. USP1 knockdown abrogated BRD7 silencing-induced CHK1 induction. Biologically, the increased expression of CHK1 in tumor cells caused by BRD7 silencing significantly increased cell sensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by enhancing tumor cell apoptosis, and this effect was reversed by the simultaneous knockdown of CHK1 or USP1. Taken together, our findings suggest that BRD7 is a potential genetic or drug target that may help to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs targeting CHK1 in combinatorial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kabir M, Yu X, Kaniskan HÜ, Jin J. Chemically induced degradation of epigenetic targets. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:4313-4342. [PMID: 37314393 PMCID: PMC10330942 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00100h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that induce the ternary complex formation between a protein-of-interest (POI) and an E3 ligase, leading to targeted polyubiquitination and degradation of the POI. Particularly, PROTACs have the distinct advantage of targeting both canonical and noncanonical functions of epigenetic targets over traditional inhibitors, which typically target canonical functions only, resulting in greater therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we methodically analyze published PROTAC degraders of epigenetic writer, reader, and eraser proteins and their in vitro and in vivo effects. We highlight the mechanism of action of these degraders and their advantages in targeting both canonical and noncanonical functions of epigenetic targets in the context of cancer treatment. Furthermore, we present a future outlook for this exciting field. Overall, pharmacological degradation of epigenetic targets has emerged as an effective and attractive strategy to thwart cancer progression and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kabir
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zahid H, Costello JP, Li Y, Kimbrough JR, Actis M, Rankovic Z, Yan Q, Pomerantz WCK. Design of Class I/IV Bromodomain-Targeting Degraders for Chromatin Remodeling Complexes. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1278-1293. [PMID: 37260298 PMCID: PMC10698694 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging technology that can be used for modulating the activity of epigenetic protein targets. Among bromodomain-containing proteins, a number of degraders for the BET family have been developed, while non-BET bromodomains remain underexplored. Several of these proteins are subunits in chromatin remodeling complexes often associated with oncogenic roles. Here, we describe the design of class I (BPTF and CECR2) and IV (BRD9) bromodomain-targeting degraders based on two scaffolds derived from pyridazinone and pyrimidine-based heterocycles. We evaluate various exit vectors and linkers to identify analogues that demonstrate selectivity within these families. We further use an in-cell NanoBRET assay to demonstrate that these heterobifunctional molecules are cell-permeable, form ternary complexes, and can degrade nanoluciferase-bromodomain fusions. As a first example of a CECR2 degrader, we observe that our pyrimidine-based analogues degrade endogenous CECR2 while showing a smaller effect on BPTF levels. The pyridazinone-based compounds did not degrade BPTF when observed through Western blotting, further supporting a more challenging target for degradation and a goal for future optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeff P Costello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jennifer R Kimbrough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marisa Actis
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Silva SM, Dhiman A, Sood S, Mercedes KF, Simmons W, Henen M, Vögeli B, Dykhuizen E, Musselman C. PBRM1 bromodomains associate with RNA to facilitate chromatin association. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3631-3649. [PMID: 36808431 PMCID: PMC10164552 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PBRM1 is a subunit of the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex, which is mutated in 40-50% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. It is thought to largely function as a chromatin binding subunit of the PBAF complex, but the molecular mechanism underlying this activity is not fully known. PBRM1 contains six tandem bromodomains which are known to cooperate in binding of nucleosomes acetylated at histone H3 lysine 14 (H3K14ac). Here, we demonstrate that the second and fourth bromodomains from PBRM1 also bind nucleic acids, selectively associating with double stranded RNA elements. Disruption of the RNA binding pocket is found to compromise PBRM1 chromatin binding and inhibit PBRM1-mediated cellular growth effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya M De Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Surbhi Sood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kilsia F Mercedes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William J Simmons
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Catherine A Musselman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu YL, Lin ZJ, Li CC, Lin X, Shan SK, Guo B, Zheng MH, Li F, Yuan LQ, Li ZH. Epigenetic regulation in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and advances in clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:98. [PMID: 36864020 PMCID: PMC9981733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics regulates gene expression and has been confirmed to play a critical role in a variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), osteoporosis, gout, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and others. The term 'epigenetics' was firstly proposed in 1942 and with the development of technologies, the exploration of epigenetics has made great progresses. There are four main epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, and noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which exert different effects on metabolic diseases. Genetic and non-genetic factors, including ageing, diet, and exercise, interact with epigenetics and jointly affect the formation of a phenotype. Understanding epigenetics could be applied to diagnosing and treating metabolic diseases in the clinic, including epigenetic biomarkers, epigenetic drugs, and epigenetic editing. In this review, we introduce the brief history of epigenetics as well as the milestone events since the proposal of the term 'epigenetics'. Moreover, we summarise the research methods of epigenetics and introduce four main general mechanisms of epigenetic modulation. Furthermore, we summarise epigenetic mechanisms in metabolic diseases and introduce the interaction between epigenetics and genetic or non-genetic factors. Finally, we introduce the clinical trials and applications of epigenetics in metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li S, Yang L, Li Y, Yue W, Xin S, Li J, Long S, Zhang W, Cao P, Lu J. Epstein-Barr Virus Synergizes with BRD7 to Conquer c-Myc-Mediated Viral Latency Maintenance via Chromatin Remodeling. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0123722. [PMID: 36728436 PMCID: PMC10101146 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01237-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) switches between latent and lytic phases in hosts, which is important in the development of related diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of controlling the viral biphasic life cycle and how EBV mediates this regulation remain largely unknown. This study identified bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) as a crucial host protein in EBV latent infection. Based on the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing of endogenous BRD7 in Burkitt lymphoma cells, we found that EBV drove BRD7 to regulate cellular and viral genomic loci, including the transcriptional activation of c-Myc, a recently reported regulator of EBV latency. Additionally, EBV-mediated BRD7 signals were enriched around the FUSE (far-upstream sequence element) site in chromosome 8 and the enhancer LOC108348026 in the lgH locus, which might activate the c-Myc alleles. Mechanically, EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) bound to BRD7 and colocalized at promoter regions of the related genes, thus serving as cofactors for the maintenance of viral latency. Moreover, the disruption of BRD7 decreased the c-Myc expression, induced the BZLF1 expression, and reactivated the lytic cycle. Our findings reveal the unique role of BRD7 to synergize with EBV in maintaining the viral latency state via chromatin remodeling. This study paves the way for understanding the new molecular mechanism of EBV-induced chromatin remodeling and latent-lytic switch, providing novel therapeutic candidate targets for EBV persistent infection. IMPORTANCE When establishing persistent infection in most human hosts, EBV is usually latent. How the viral latency is maintained in cells remains largely unknown. c-Myc was recently reported to act as a controller of the lytic switch, while whether and how EBV regulates it remain to be explored. Here, we identified that BRD7 is involved in controlling EBV latency. We found that EBV-mediated BRD7 was enriched in both the normal promoter regions and the translocation alleles of c-Myc, and disruption of BRD7 decreased c-Myc expression to reactivate the lytic cycle. We also demonstrated that EBV-encoded EBNA1 bound to and regulated BRD7. Therefore, we reveal a novel mechanism by which EBV can regulate its infection state by coordinating with host BRD7 to target c-Myc. Our findings will help future therapeutic intervention strategies for EBV infection and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxing Yue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sijing Long
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Czerwinska P, Mackiewicz AA. Bromodomain (BrD) Family Members as Regulators of Cancer Stemness-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:995. [PMID: 36674511 PMCID: PMC9861003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and chromatin modifications have emerged as critical facilitators of cancer heterogeneity, substantially affecting cancer development and progression, modulating cell phenotypes, and enhancing or inhibiting cancer cell malignant properties. Not surprisingly, considering the importance of epigenetic regulators in normal stem cell maintenance, many chromatin-related proteins are essential to maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like state. With increased tumor-initiating capacities and self-renewal potential, CSCs promote tumor growth, provide therapy resistance, spread tumors, and facilitate tumor relapse after treatment. In this review, we characterized the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the acquisition and maintenance of cancer stemness concerning selected epigenetic factors belonging to the Bromodomain (BrD) family of proteins. An increasing number of BrD proteins reinforce cancer stemness, supporting the maintenance of the cancer stem cell population in vitro and in vivo via the utilization of distinct mechanisms. As bromodomain possesses high druggable potential, specific BrD proteins might become novel therapeutic targets in cancers exhibiting de-differentiated tumor characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li S, Sun J, Ma J, Zhou C, Yang X, Zhang S, Huang L, Jia H, Shao Y, Zhang E, Zheng M, Zhao Q, Zang L. LncRNA LENGA acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer through BRD7/TP53 signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:5. [PMID: 36477655 PMCID: PMC11071885 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in various cancer types, and there are vast numbers of long noncoding RNA transcripts that have been identified by high-throughput methods. However, the biological function of many novel aberrantly expressed lncRNAs remains poorly elucidated, especially in gastric cancer (GC). Here, we first identified a novel lncRNA termed LENGA (Low Expression Noncoding RNA in Gastric Adenocarcinoma), which was significantly downregulated in GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Next, we found that reduced expression of LENGA in GC was also associated with a shorter life expectancy. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells were increased after LENGA knockdown but restrained after LENGA overexpression in vitro and in vivo. It was further demonstrated that LENGA physically binds to BRD7 (bromodomain-containing 7) in the bromodomain domain and acts as a scaffold that enhances the interaction between BRD7 and TP53 (tumor protein p53), regulating the expression of a subset of genes in the p53 pathway, including CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) and PCDH7 (protocadherin 7), at the transcriptional level. Consistently, the expression of CDKN1A has a positive correlation with LENGA in GC patients. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel tumor suppressor lncRNA, LENGA, and describes its biological function, molecular mechanism, and clinical significance. This highlights the potential importance of targeting the LENGA/BRD7/TP53 axis in GC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cixiang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanfei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Enkui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wischhof L, Lee H, Tutas J, Overkott C, Tedt E, Stork M, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Ulas T, Händler K, Schultze JL, Ehninger D, Nicotera P, Salomoni P, Bano D. BCL7A-containing SWI/SNF/BAF complexes modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics during neural progenitor differentiation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110595. [PMID: 36305367 PMCID: PMC9713712 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF/BAF chromatin remodeling complexes influence cell lineage determination. While the contribution of these complexes to neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and differentiation has been reported, little is known about the transcriptional profiles that determine neurogenesis or gliogenesis. Here, we report that BCL7A is a modulator of the SWI/SNF/BAF complex that stimulates the genome-wide occupancy of the ATPase subunit BRG1. We demonstrate that BCL7A is dispensable for SWI/SNF/BAF complex integrity, whereas it is essential to regulate Notch/Wnt pathway signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics in differentiating NPCs. Pharmacological stimulation of Wnt signaling restores mitochondrial respiration and attenuates the defective neurogenic patterns observed in NPCs lacking BCL7A. Consistently, treatment with an enhancer of mitochondrial biogenesis, pioglitazone, partially restores mitochondrial respiration and stimulates neuronal differentiation of BCL7A-deficient NPCs. Using conditional BCL7A knockout mice, we reveal that BCL7A expression in NPCs and postmitotic neurons is required for neuronal plasticity and supports behavioral and cognitive performance. Together, our findings define the specific contribution of BCL7A-containing SWI/SNF/BAF complexes to mitochondria-driven NPC commitment, thereby providing a better understanding of the cell-intrinsic transcriptional processes that connect metabolism, neuronal morphogenesis, and cognitive flexibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Hang‐Mao Lee
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Janine Tutas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | | | - Eileen Tedt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Miriam Stork
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive NeurobiologyUniversity of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital BonnBonnGermany,Cell Programming Core FacilityUniversity of Bonn Medical FacultyBonnGermany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive NeurobiologyUniversity of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and EpigenomicsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Kristian Händler
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and EpigenomicsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and EpigenomicsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of BonnBonnGermany,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES InstituteUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | | | - Paolo Salomoni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Li Y, Fan TY, Liu D, Zou WD, Li H, Li YK. Identification of bromodomain-containing proteins prognostic value and expression significance based on a genomic landscape analysis of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1021558. [PMID: 36276071 PMCID: PMC9579433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1021558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOvarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC), a common gynecologic tumor, is characterized by high mortality worldwide. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are a series of evolutionarily conserved proteins that bind to acetylated Lys residues of histones to regulate the transcription of multiple genes. The ectopic expression of BRDs is often observed in multiple cancer types, but the role of BRDs in OSC is still unclear.MethodsWe performed the differential expression, GO enrichment, GSEA, immune infiltration, risk model, subtype classification, stemness feature, DNA alteration, and epigenetic modification analysis for these BRDs based on multiple public databases.ResultsMost BRDs were dysregulated in OSC tissues compared to normal ovary tissues. These BRDs were positively correlated with each other in OSC patients. Gene alteration and epigenetic modification were significant for the dysregulation of BRDs in OSC patients. GO enrichment suggested that BRDs played key roles in histone acetylation, viral carcinogenesis, and transcription coactivator activity. Two molecular subtypes were classified by BRDs for OSC, which were significantly correlated with stemness features, m6A methylation, ferroptosis, drug sensitivity, and immune infiltration. The risk model constructed by LASSO regression with BRDs performed moderately well in prognostic predictions for OSC patients. Moreover, BRPF1 plays a significant role in these BRDs for the development and progression of OSC patients.ConclusionBRDs are potential targets and biomarkers for OSC patients, especially BRPF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ting-yu Fan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wen-da Zou
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Yu-kun Li,
| | - Yu-kun Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Yu-kun Li,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Yang T, Chen T, Liu Y, Pang Y, Yang L. BRD7 restrains TNF-α-induced proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells by inhibiting notch signaling. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:199-212. [PMID: 35943053 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a key component of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable complex that participates in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Although the emerging role of BRD7 in the pathophysiology of various diseases has been observed, its role in asthma remains unknown. Here, we assessed the function of BRD7 as a mediator of airway remodeling in asthma using an in vitro model. Methods: Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were challenged with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to establish an in vitro airway remodeling model. Protein levels were examined using western blotting. Cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays. Cell migration was assessed using a transwell migration assay. Results: Exposure to TNF-α dramatically decreased BRD7 levels in ASMCs. BRD7 remarkably decreased TNF-α-induced proliferation and migration of ASMCs. In contrast, ASMCs with BRD7 deficiency were more sensitive to TNF-α-induced pro-proliferative and pro-migratory effects. Mechanistically, BRD7 could repress the expression of Notch1 and block the Notch pathway in TNF-α-challenged cells. Notably, reactivation of Notch signaling substantially reversed the BRD7 overexpression-mediated effects, whereas restraining Notch signaling abolished BRD7-depletion-mediated effects on TNF-α-challenged cells. Conclusions: BRD7 inhibits the proliferation and migration of ASMCs elicited by TNF-α by downregulating the Notch pathway. This study indicates that BRD7 may exert a suppressive effect on airway remodeling during asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yamei Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kenworthy CA, Haque N, Liou SH, Chandris P, Wong V, Dziuba P, Lavis LD, Liu WL, Singer RH, Coleman RA. Bromodomains regulate dynamic targeting of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex to chromatin hubs. Biophys J 2022; 121:1738-1752. [PMID: 35364106 PMCID: PMC9117891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers actively target arrays of acetylated nucleosomes at select enhancers and promoters to facilitate or shut down the repeated recruitment of RNA polymerase II during transcriptional bursting. It is poorly understood how chromatin remodelers such as PBAF dynamically target different chromatin states inside a live cell. Our live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy study reveals chromatin hubs throughout the nucleus where PBAF rapidly cycles on and off the genome. Deletion of PBAF's bromodomains impairs targeting and stable engagement of chromatin in hubs. Dual color imaging reveals that PBAF targets both euchromatic and heterochromatic hubs with distinct genome-binding kinetic profiles that mimic chromatin stability. Removal of PBAF's bromodomains stabilizes H3.3 binding within chromatin, indicating that bromodomains may play a direct role in remodeling of the nucleosome. Our data suggests that PBAF's dynamic bromodomain-mediated engagement of a nucleosome may reflect the chromatin-remodeling potential of differentially bound chromatin states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Kenworthy
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
| | - Nayem Haque
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
| | - Shu-Hao Liou
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
| | - Panagiotis Chandris
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute on Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vincent Wong
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
| | - Patrycja Dziuba
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Wei-Li Liu
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
| | - Robert H. Singer
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Robert A. Coleman
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Smarcb1 Loss Results in a Deregulation of esBAF Binding and Impacts the Expression of Neurodevelopmental Genes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081354. [PMID: 35456033 PMCID: PMC9027123 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine esBAF complex plays a major role in the regulation of gene expression during stem cell development and differentiation. As one of its core subunits, Smarcb1 is indispensable for its function and its loss is connected to neurodevelopmental disorders and participates in the carcinogenesis of entities such as rhabdoid tumours. We explored how Smarcb1 regulates gene programs in murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) and in this way orchestrates differentiation. Our data underline the importance of Smarcb1 expression and function for the development of the nervous system along with basic cellular functions, such as cell adhesion and cell organisation. Using ChIP-seq, we were able to portray the consequences of Smarcb1 knockdown (kd) for the binding of esBAF and PRC2 as well as its influence on histone marks H3K27me3, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Their signals are changed in gene and enhancer regions of genes connected to nervous system development and offers a plausible explanation for changes in gene expression. Further, we describe a group of genes that are, despite increased BAF binding, suppressed after Smarcb1 kd by mechanisms independent of PRC2 function.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bluemn T, Schmitz J, Zheng Y, Burns R, Zheng S, DeJong J, Christiansen L, Arnold O, Izaguirre-Carbonell J, Wang D, Deshpande AJ, Zhu N. Differential roles of BAF and PBAF subunits, Arid1b and Arid2, in MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2022; 36:946-955. [PMID: 35022500 PMCID: PMC10095935 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Switch/Sugar Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) nucleosome remodeling complexes play important roles in normal development and in the development of various cancers. Core subunits of the SWI/SNF complexes have been shown to have oncogenic roles in acute myeloid leukemia. However, the roles of the unique targeting subunits, including that of Arid2 and Arid1b, in AML leukemogenesis are not well understood. Here, we used conditional knockout mouse models to elucidate their role in MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis. We uncovered that Arid2 has dual roles; enhancing leukemogenesis when deleted during leukemia initiation and yet is required during leukemia maintenance. Whereas, deleting Arid1b in either phase promotes leukemogenesis. Our integrated analyses of transcriptomics and genomic binding data showed that, globally, Arid2 and Arid1b regulate largely distinct sets of genes at different disease stages, respectively, and in comparison, to each other. Amongst the most highly dysregulated transcription factors upon their loss, Arid2 and Arid1b converged on the regulation of Etv4/Etv5, albeit in an opposing manner while also regulating distinct TFs including Gata2,Tcf4, Six4, Irf4 and Hmgn3. Our data demonstrate the differential roles of SWI/SNF subunits in AML leukemogenesis and emphasize that cellular context and disease stage are key in determining their functions during this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Bluemn
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jesse Schmitz
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shikan Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joshua DeJong
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Luke Christiansen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Olivia Arnold
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Demin Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aniruddha J Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nan Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
BAF complex-mediated chromatin relaxation is required for establishment of X chromosome inactivation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1658. [PMID: 35351876 PMCID: PMC8964718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of epigenetic silencing, while fundamentally important, is not yet completely understood. Here we report a replenishable female mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) system, Xmas, that allows rapid assessment of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), the epigenetic silencing mechanism of one of the two X chromosomes that enables dosage compensation in female mammals. Through a targeted genetic screen in differentiating Xmas mESCs, we reveal that the BAF complex is required to create nucleosome-depleted regions at promoters on the inactive X chromosome during the earliest stages of establishment of XCI. Without this action gene silencing fails. Xmas mESCs provide a tractable model for screen-based approaches that enable the discovery of unknown facets of the female-specific process of XCI and epigenetic silencing more broadly. Female embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the ideal model to study X chromosome inactivation (XCI) establishment; however, these cells are challenging to keep in culture. Here the authors create fluorescent ‘Xmas’ reporter mice as a renewable source of ESCs and show nucleosome remodelers Smarcc1 and Smarca4 create a nucleosome-free promoter region prior to the establishment of silencing.
Collapse
|
24
|
Di Fraia D, Anitei M, Mackmull MT, Parca L, Behrendt L, Andres-Pons A, Gilmour D, Helmer Citterich M, Kaether C, Beck M, Ori A. Conserved exchange of paralog proteins during neuronal differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202201397. [PMID: 35273078 PMCID: PMC8917807 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralog proteins promote fine tuning of protein complexes. The author identified a specific paralog signature conserved across vertebrate neuronal differentiation. Altering the ratio of SEC23 paralogs in the COPII complex influences neuronal differentiation in a opposite way. Gene duplication enables the emergence of new functions by lowering the evolutionary pressure that is posed on the ancestral genes. Previous studies have highlighted the role of specific paralog genes during cell differentiation, for example, in chromatin remodeling complexes. It remains unexplored whether similar mechanisms extend to other biological functions and whether the regulation of paralog genes is conserved across species. Here, we analyze the expression of paralogs across human tissues, during development and neuronal differentiation in fish, rodents and humans. Whereas ∼80% of paralog genes are co-regulated, a subset of paralogs shows divergent expression profiles, contributing to variability of protein complexes. We identify 78 substitutions of paralog pairs that occur during neuronal differentiation and are conserved across species. Among these, we highlight a substitution between the paralogs SEC23A and SEC23B members of the COPII complex. Altering the ratio between these two genes via RNAi-mediated knockdown is sufficient to influence neuron differentiation. We propose that remodeling of the vesicular transport system via paralog substitutions is an evolutionary conserved mechanism enabling neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela Anitei
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Mackmull
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Inst. f. Molekulare Systembiologie, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Parca
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Behrendt
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Darren Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Beck
- Department of Molecular Sociology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lindén M, Vannas C, Österlund T, Andersson L, Osman A, Escobar M, Fagman H, Ståhlberg A, Åman P. FET fusion oncoproteins interact with BRD4 and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subtypes in sarcoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2470-2495. [PMID: 35182012 PMCID: PMC9251840 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FET fusion oncoproteins containing one of the FET (FUS, EWSR1, TAF15) family proteins juxtaposed to alternative transcription‐factor partners are characteristic of more than 20 types of sarcoma and leukaemia. FET oncoproteins bind to the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, which exists in three subtypes: cBAF, PBAF and GBAF/ncBAF. We used comprehensive biochemical analysis to characterize the interactions between FET oncoproteins, SWI/SNF complexes and the transcriptional coactivator BRD4. Here, we report that FET oncoproteins bind all three main SWI/SNF subtypes cBAF, PBAF and GBAF, and that FET oncoproteins interact indirectly with BRD4 via their shared interaction partner SWI/SNF. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and proteomic analysis showed that FET oncoproteins, SWI/SNF components and BRD4 co‐localize on chromatin and interact with mediator and RNA Polymerase II. Our results provide a possible molecular mechanism for the FET‐fusion‐induced oncogenic transcriptional profiles and may lead to novel therapies targeting aberrant SWI/SNF complexes and/or BRD4 in FET‐fusion‐caused malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Lindén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Vannas
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Österlund
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ayman Osman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mandy Escobar
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peinado P, Andrades A, Martorell-Marugán J, Haswell JR, Slack FJ, Carmona-Sáez P, Medina PP. The SWI/SNF complex regulates the expression of miR-222, a tumor suppressor microRNA in lung adenocarcinoma. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2263-2271. [PMID: 34240140 PMCID: PMC9989735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SWitch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are key epigenetic regulators that are recurrently mutated in cancer. Most studies of these complexes are focused on their role in regulating protein-coding genes. However, here, we show that SWI/SNF complexes control the expression of microRNAs. We used a SMARCA4-deficient model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to track changes in the miRNome upon SMARCA4 restoration. We found that SMARCA4-SWI/SNF complexes induced significant changes in the expression of cancer-related microRNAs. The most significantly dysregulated microRNA was miR-222, whose expression was promoted by SMARCA4-SWI/SNF complexes, but not by SMARCA2-SWI/SNF complexes via their direct binding to a miR-222 enhancer region. Importantly, miR-222 expression decreased cell viability, phenocopying the tumor suppressor role of SMARCA4-SWI/SNF complexes in LUAD. Finally, we showed that the miR-222 enhancer region resides in a topologically associating domain that does not contain any cancer-related protein-coding genes, suggesting that miR-222 may be involved in exerting the tumor suppressor role of SMARCA4. Overall, this study highlights the relevant role of the SWI/SNF complex in regulating the non-coding genome, opening new insights into the pathogenesis of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peinado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Alvaro Andrades
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jordi Martorell-Marugán
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jeffrey R Haswell
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada 18016, Spain.,Department of Statistics, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pedro P Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada 18016, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.Granada), Granada 18012, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hornbachner R, Lackner A, Papuchova H, Haider S, Knöfler M, Mechtler K, Latos PA. MSX2 safeguards syncytiotrophoblast fate of human trophoblast stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105130118. [PMID: 34507999 PMCID: PMC8449346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105130118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple placental pathologies are associated with failures in trophoblast differentiation, yet the underlying transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Here, we discovered msh homeobox 2 (MSX2) as a key transcriptional regulator of trophoblast identity using the human trophoblast stem cell model. Depletion of MSX2 resulted in activation of the syncytiotrophoblast transcriptional program, while forced expression of MSX2 blocked it. We demonstrated that a large proportion of the affected genes were directly bound and regulated by MSX2 and identified components of the SWItch/Sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex as strong MSX2 interactors and target gene cobinders. MSX2 cooperated specifically with the SWI/SNF canonical BAF (cBAF) subcomplex and cooccupied, together with H3K27ac, a number of differentiation genes. Increased H3K27ac and cBAF occupancy upon MSX2 depletion imply that MSX2 prevents premature syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. Our findings established MSX2 as a repressor of the syncytiotrophoblast lineage and demonstrated its pivotal role in cell fate decisions that govern human placental development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hornbachner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lackner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrieta Papuchova
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina A Latos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He T, Liu M, Tao D, Leng X, Wang Z, Xie S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tan X, Liu Y, Yang Y. Is BRD7 associated with spermatogenesis impairment and male infertility in humans? A case-control study in a Han Chinese population. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:19. [PMID: 34470615 PMCID: PMC8411525 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7), a member of the bromodomain-containing protein family, plays important roles in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation. A recent model of Brd7-knockout mice presented azoospermia and male infertility, implying the potential role of BRD7 in spermatogenic failure in humans. This case-control study aimed to explore the association of the BRD7 gene with spermatogenic efficiency and the risk of spermatogenic defects in humans. Results A total of six heterozygous variants were detected in the coding and splicing regions of the BRD7 gene in patients with azoospermia. For each of four rare variants predicted to potentially damage BRD7 function, we further identified these four variants in oligozoospermia and normozoospermia as well. However, no difference in the allele and genotype frequencies of rare variants were observed between cases with spermatogenic failure and controls with normozoospermia; the sperm products of variant carriers were similar to those of noncarriers. Moreover, similar distribution of the alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of seven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) was observed between the cases with azoospermia and oligozoospermia and controls with normozoospermia; associations of tagSNP-distinguished BRD7 alleles with sperm products were not identified. Conclusions The lack of an association of BRD7-linked rare and common variants with spermatogenic failure implied a limited contribution of the BRD7 gene to spermatogenic efficiency and susceptibility to male infertility in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12610-021-00139-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianrong He
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dachang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyou Leng
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu J, Gao L, Ji B, Geng R, Chen J, Tao X, Cai Q, Chen Z. BCL7A as a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:335. [PMID: 34362400 PMCID: PMC8348860 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and represents one of the most aggressive and lethal types of human cancer. BCL7 family has been found in several cancer types and could be involved in tumor progression. While the role of BCL7 family in human glioma has remained to be elucidated. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tumor samples were obtained to detect BCL7 expression by performing in glioma. Data (including normalized gene expression and corresponding clinical data) were obtained from Gliovis, CGGA, GEO, cBioportal and Oncomine and were used to investigate BCL7 genes expression in glioma. Survival analyses were calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analysis in TCGA and CGGA. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) and gene ontology (GO) analysis was employed to perform the biological processes enrichment. RESULTS BCL7A expression in glioma tissues was lower compared to non-tumor brain tissues (NBT), and exhibited a negative correlation with glioma grades. Results from immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and public dataset validation demonstrated that BCL7B and BCL7C were highly expressed in glioma tissues compared to NBT. Cox regression analysis identified BCL7A as the only gene in the BCL7 family that was independently associated with the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM). GO and GSEA analyses revealed the potential contribution of BCL7A in adaptive immune response and neutrophil activation in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found that BCL7A had no prognostic effect on the overall survival of GBM patients who received IR only; however, patients who received chemotherapy (TMZ) combined with IR in the high BCL7A group survived longer than patients in the low BCL7A group (HR = 0.346, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION BCL7A is a new tumor suppressor gene and can be adopted as a biomarker for independent prognosis in glioma and to evaluate response to TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Baowei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Boyson SP, Gao C, Quinn K, Boyd J, Paculova H, Frietze S, Glass KC. Functional Roles of Bromodomain Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3606. [PMID: 34298819 PMCID: PMC8303718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is generally associated with an open chromatin configuration that facilitates many cellular processes including gene transcription, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Aberrant levels of histone lysine acetylation are associated with the development of cancer. Bromodomains represent a family of structurally well-characterized effector domains that recognize acetylated lysines in chromatin. As part of their fundamental reader activity, bromodomain-containing proteins play versatile roles in epigenetic regulation, and additional functional modules are often present in the same protein, or through the assembly of larger enzymatic complexes. Dysregulated gene expression, chromosomal translocations, and/or mutations in bromodomain-containing proteins have been correlated with poor patient outcomes in cancer. Thus, bromodomains have emerged as a highly tractable class of epigenetic targets due to their well-defined structural domains, and the increasing ease of designing or screening for molecules that modulate the reading process. Recent developments in pharmacological agents that target specific bromodomains has helped to understand the diverse mechanisms that bromodomains play with their interaction partners in a variety of chromatin processes, and provide the promise of applying bromodomain inhibitors into the clinical field of cancer treatment. In this review, we explore the expression and protein interactome profiles of bromodomain-containing proteins and discuss them in terms of functional groups. Furthermore, we highlight our current understanding of the roles of bromodomain-containing proteins in cancer, as well as emerging strategies to specifically target bromodomains, including combination therapies using bromodomain inhibitors alongside traditional therapeutic approaches designed to re-program tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Boyson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Joseph Boyd
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Hana Paculova
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Karen C. Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kenny C, O’Meara E, Ulaş M, Hokamp K, O’Sullivan MJ. Global Chromatin Changes Resulting from Single-Gene Inactivation-The Role of SMARCB1 in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112561. [PMID: 34071089 PMCID: PMC8197137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), one of the most lethal, treatment-resistant human cancers, arises in young children within brain, kidney, liver and/or soft tissues. Generally, cancer arises in older adults, and results from multiple significant changes (mutations) accumulating in the genetic blueprint (DNA) of a person’s tissues. This blueprint is composed of a 4-letter alphabet. Together, the multiple significant changes in the blueprint then allow a cell to go “out of control”, becoming a cancer cell. The striking thing about MRT is that it has only a single spelling change, so that mutation must be very powerful to lead to such a lethal cancer. Using a model system that we developed, we show herein how this single mutation alters how the whole of the DNA is arranged, thereby having its profound and lethal effects. We present insights into how this mutation arrests maturation of the cells, keeping them in a cancer “state”. Abstract Human cancer typically results from the stochastic accumulation of multiple oncogene-activating and tumor-suppressor gene-inactivating mutations. However, this process takes time and especially in the context of certain pediatric cancer, fewer but more ‘impactful’ mutations may in short order produce the full-blown cancer phenotype. This is well exemplified by the highly aggressive malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), where the only gene classically showing recurrent inactivation is SMARCB1, a subunit member of the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex. This is true of all three presentations of MRT including MRT of kidney (MRTK), MRT of the central nervous system (atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor—ATRT) and extracranial, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor (EERT). Our reverse modeling of rhabdoid tumors with isogenic cell lines, either induced or not induced, to express SMARCB1 showed widespread differential chromatin remodeling indicative of altered BAF complex activity with ensuant histone modifications when tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). The changes due to reintroduction of SMARCB1 were preponderantly at typical enhancers with tandem BAF complex occupancy at these sites and related gene activation, as substantiated also by transcriptomic data. Indeed, for both MRTK and ATRT cells, there is evidence of an overlap between SMARCB1-dependent enhancer activation and tissue-specific lineage-determining genes. These genes are inactive in the tumor state, conceivably arresting the cells in a primitive/undifferentiated state. This epigenetic dysregulation from inactivation of a chromatin-remodeling complex subunit contributes to an improved understanding of the complex pathophysiological basis of MRT, one of the most lethal and aggressive human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Elaine O’Meara
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Mevlüt Ulaş
- The National Children’s Research Centre, O’Sullivan Research Laboratory, Oncology Division, Gate 5, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12N512 Dublin, Ireland; (E.O.); (M.U.)
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Maureen J. O’Sullivan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
- The National Children’s Research Centre, O’Sullivan Research Laboratory, Oncology Division, Gate 5, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12N512 Dublin, Ireland; (E.O.); (M.U.)
- Histology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12N512 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Animireddy S, Kavadipula P, Kotapalli V, Gowrishankar S, Rao S, Bashyam MD. Aberrant cytoplasmic localization of ARID1B activates ERK signaling and promotes oncogenesis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs251637. [PMID: 33443092 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ARID1B (BAF250b) subunit of the human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a canonical nuclear tumor suppressor. We employed in silico prediction, intracellular fluorescence and cellular fractionation-based subcellular localization analyses to identify the ARID1B nuclear localization signal (NLS). A cytoplasm-restricted ARID1B-NLS mutant was significantly compromised in its canonical transcription activation and tumor suppressive functions, as expected. Surprisingly however, cytoplasmic localization appeared to induce a gain of oncogenic function for ARID1B, as evidenced from several cell line- and mouse xenograft-based assays. Mechanistically, cytoplasm-localized ARID1B could bind c-RAF (RAF1) and PPP1CA causing stimulation of RAF-ERK signaling and β-catenin (CTNNB1) transcription activity. ARID1B harboring NLS mutations derived from tumor samples also exhibited aberrant cytoplasmic localization and acquired a neo-morphic oncogenic function via activation of RAF-ERK signaling. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray revealed significant correlation of ARID1B cytoplasmic localization with increased levels of active forms of ERK1 and ERK2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1) and of β-catenin, as well as with advanced tumor stage and lymph node positivity in human primary pancreatic tumor tissues. ARID1B therefore promotes oncogenesis through cytoplasm-based gain-of-function mechanisms in addition to dysregulation in the nucleus.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Animireddy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Padmavathi Kavadipula
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Viswakalyan Kotapalli
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | | | - Satish Rao
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500003, India
| | - Murali Dharan Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Expression and subcellular localization of the bromodomain-containing protein 7 is a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:423-430. [PMID: 31929348 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a member of the bromodomain-containing protein family. Previous studies suggest that BRD7 is predominantly localized in the nucleus, wherein it functions as a transcriptional regulator. Several lines of evidence imply a tumour suppressor function for BRD7. However, the importance of BRD7 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is not well understood. We have investigated the expression, CpG island methylation and subcellular localization of BRD7 in breast cancer cell lines and clinical cases and thereby assessed its prognostic significance by correlating with clinical-pathological features and time-dependent clinical outcomes. We show that nuclear exclusion of BRD7 occurs commonly in breast cancer and is strongly associated with cases expressing wild-type p53. Moreover, clinical outcomes are significantly less favourable in cases with nuclear exclusion or loss of expression than those in which there is nuclear expression of BRD7. Methylation of the CpG island of BRD7 increases in breast cancer relative to normal breast tissue, but there is not an obvious correlation between methylation and reduced expression or between methylation and clinical outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that nuclear exclusion, rather than transcriptional silencing, is a common mechanism by which the tumour suppressor function of wild-type p53 is inhibited in breast cancer, and show that BRD7 is a promising candidate biomarker in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bluemn T, Schmitz J, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Burns R, DeJong J, Christiansen L, Izaguirre-Carbonell J, Wang D, Zhu N. Arid2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in normal hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 94:37-46. [PMID: 33346030 PMCID: PMC10041880 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The switch/sugar nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) family of chromatin remodeling complexes have been implicated in normal hematopoiesis. The ARID2 protein is a component of the polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF), one of the two main SWI/SNF complexes. In the current study, we used a conditional Arid2 knockout mouse model to determine its role in normal hematopoiesis. We found that the loss of Arid2 has no discernable effects on steady-state hematopoiesis, with the exception of a modest effect on erythropoiesis. On bone marrow transplantation, however, the loss of Arid2 affects HSC differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner, resulting in significant decreases in the ability to reconstitute the lymphoid lineage. Gene expression analysis of Arid2 knockout cells revealed enrichment of myeloid-biased multipotent progenitor (MPP) cell signatures, while the lymphoid-biased MPPs are enriched in the wild type, consistent with the observed phenotype. Moreover, Arid2 knockout cells revealed enrichment of inflammatory pathways with upregulation of TLR receptors, as well as downstream signaling cascade genes. Furthermore, under lymphocyte-biased growth conditions in vitro, Arid2 null bone marrow cells have significantly impaired proliferation, which decreased further on lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Overall, these data suggest that the loss of Arid2 impairs HSC differentiation ability, and this effect may be mediated through upregulation of inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Bluemn
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Yuhong Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Shikan Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Luke Christiansen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Demin Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Nan Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johann PD. Invited Review: Dysregulation of chromatin remodellers in paediatric brain tumours - SMARCB1 and beyond. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 46:57-72. [PMID: 32307752 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in chromatin remodelling genes occur in approximately 25% of all human tumours (Kadoch et al. Nat Genet 45: 592-601, 2013). The spectrum of alterations is broad and comprises single nucleotide variants, insertion/deletions and more complex structural variations. The single most often affected remodelling complex is the SWI/SNF complex (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable). In the field of paediatric neuro-oncology, the spectrum of affected genes implicated in epigenetic remodelling is narrower with SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 being the most frequent. The low mutation frequencies in many of the SWI/SNF mutant entities underline the fact that perturbed chromatin remodelling is the most salient factor in tumourigenesis and could thus be a potential therapeutic opportunity. Here, I review the genetic basis of aberrant chromatin remodelling in paediatric brain tumours and discuss their impact on the epigenome in the respective entities, mainly medulloblastomas and rhabdoid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Johann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ye Y, Chen X, Zhang W. Mammalian SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Embryonic Stem Cells: Regulating the Balance Between Pluripotency and Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:626383. [PMID: 33537314 PMCID: PMC7848206 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.626383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique capability of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to maintain and adjust the equilibrium between self-renewal and multi-lineage cellular differentiation contributes indispensably to the integrity of all developmental processes, leading to the advent of an organism in its adult form. The ESC fate decision to favor self-renewal or differentiation into specific cellular lineages largely depends on transcriptome modulations through gene expression regulations. Chromatin remodeling complexes play instrumental roles to promote chromatin structural changes resulting in gene expression changes that are key to the ESC fate choices governing the equilibrium between pluripotency and differentiation. BAF (Brg/Brahma-associated factors) or mammalian SWI/SNF complexes employ energy generated by ATP hydrolysis to change chromatin states, thereby governing the accessibility of transcriptional regulators that ultimately affect transcriptome and cell fate. Interestingly, the requirement of BAF complex in self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs has been recently shown by genetic studies through gene expression modulations of various BAF components in ESCs, although the precise molecular mechanisms by which BAF complex influences ESC fate choice remain largely underexplored. This review surveys these recent progresses of BAF complex on ESC functions, with a focus on its role of conditioning the pluripotency and differentiation balance of ESCs. A discussion of the mechanistic bases underlying the genetic requirements for BAF in ESC biology as well as the outcomes of its interplays with key transcription factors or other chromatin remodelers in ESCs will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Muddassir M, Soni K, Sangani CB, Alarifi A, Afzal M, Abduh NAY, Duan Y, Bhadja P. Bromodomain and BET family proteins as epigenetic targets in cancer therapy: their degradation, present drugs, and possible PROTACs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:612-636. [PMID: 35746919 PMCID: PMC9133982 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07971e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the pattern of epigenetic marking leads to cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory problems etc. These changes are due to aberration in histone modification enzymes that function as readers, writers and erasers. Bromodomains (BDs) and BET proteins that recognize acetylation of chromatin regulate gene expression. To block the function of any of these BrDs and/or BET protein can be a controlling agent in disorders such as cancer. BrDs and BET proteins are now emerging as targets for new therapeutic development. Traditional drugs like enzyme inhibitors and protein–protein inhibitors have many limitations. Recently Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have become an advanced tool in therapeutic intervention as they remove disease causing proteins. This review provides an overview of the development and mechanisms of PROTACs for BRD and BET protein regulation in cancer and advanced possibilities of genetic technologies in therapeutics. Alteration in the pattern of epigenetic marking leads to cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory problems etc.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Kunjal Soni
- Shri Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research
- Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Chetan B. Sangani
- Shri Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research
- Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Mohd. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Naaser A. Y. Abduh
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases
- Zhengzhou Children's Hospital
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450018
- China
| | - Poonam Bhadja
- Arthropod Ecology and Biological Control Research Group
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen CL, Mo HQ, Jiang YH, Zhao XH, Ma S, You KY, Pan Y, Liu YM. BRD7 inhibits tumor progression by positively regulating the p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:1507-1519. [PMID: 33531996 PMCID: PMC7847651 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is identified as a transcriptional regulator and plays an important role in the development and progression of various tumors. Our previous study demonstrated that BRD7 acts as a potential tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying the BRD7-mediated inhibition of HCC progression remains poorly understood. Methods: We performed ChIP-seq analysis to investigate the gene network mediated by BRD7. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze potential associations between the p53 and BRD7 expression and the effect of their overexpression on disease pathogenesis and outcome. In addition, we performed biological function experiments to determine the effect of BRD7 and p53 on these functions that are central to tumorigenesis. Finally, we employed a BALB/c model for execution of xenograft transplants to examine the effect of either overexpressing or under-expressing BRD7 and p53 on tumor growth in mice injected with cells. Results: Our results suggested that BRD7 regulates the p53 pathway. Specifically, BRD7 was demonstrated to upregulate the transcription level of p53 by directly binding to the upstream regulatory region of the p53 transcriptional initiation site, thereby enhancing its promoter activity. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that wild-type p53 (WTp53) expression is positively associated with BRD7 expression and survival of patients with HCC. Additionally,changes of p53 expression could affect the tumor suppressive role of BRD7 on HCC cell proliferation, migration/invasion, cell-cycle, and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, changes of BRD7 expression in HCC cells significantly altered the expression of p53 signal-related molecules such as p21, Bax, Bcl2, and cyclin D1, indicating that BRD7 may positively regulate activation of the p53 pathway. Conclusions: Collectively, our results indicated that BRD7 exerts anti-tumor effects in HCC through transcriptionally activating p53 pathway. These critical roles of BRD7may provide some promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Long Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Hua-Qian Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Yan-Hui Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Shuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Kai-Yun You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China; 510120
| | - Yi-Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; 510120
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Damiani E, Duran MN, Mohan N, Rajendran P, Dashwood RH. Targeting Epigenetic 'Readers' with Natural Compounds for Cancer Interception. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:189-203. [PMID: 33409252 PMCID: PMC7783241 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.4.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds from diverse sources, including botanicals and commonly consumed foods and beverages, exert beneficial health effects via mechanisms that impact the epigenome and gene expression during disease pathogenesis. By targeting the so-called epigenetic 'readers', 'writers', and 'erasers', dietary phytochemicals can reverse abnormal epigenome signatures in cancer cells and preneoplastic stages. Thus, such agents provide avenues for cancer interception via prevention or treatment/therapeutic strategies. To date, much of the focus on dietary agents has been directed towards writers (e.g., histone acetyltransferases) and erasers (e.g., histone deacetylases), with less attention given to epigenetic readers (e.g., BRD proteins). The drug JQ1 was developed as a prototype epigenetic reader inhibitor, selectively targeting members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family, such as BRD4. Clinical trials with JQ1 as a single agent, or in combination with standard of care therapy, revealed antitumor efficacy but not without toxicity or resistance. In pursuit of second-generation epigenetic reader inhibitors, attention has shifted to natural sources, including dietary agents that might be repurposed as 'JQ1-like' bioactives. This review summarizes the current status of nascent research activity focused on natural compounds as inhibitors of BET and other epigenetic 'reader' proteins, with a perspective on future directions and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Munevver N. Duran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Nivedhitha Mohan
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Roderick H. Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Balance between Retroviral Latency and Transcription: Based on HIV Model. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010016. [PMID: 33383617 PMCID: PMC7824405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The representative of the Lentivirus genus is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS because of the existence of the HIV-1 reservoir. HIV-1 infection can persist for decades despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), due to the persistence of infectious latent viruses in long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells, macrophages, monocytes, microglial cells, and other cell types. However, the biology of HIV-1 latency remains incompletely understood. Retroviral long terminal repeat region (LTR) plays an indispensable role in controlling viral gene expression. Regulation of the transcription initiation plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining a retrovirus latency. Whether and how retroviruses establish latency and reactivate remains unclear. In this article, we describe what is known about the regulation of LTR-driven transcription in HIV-1, that is, the cis-elements present in the LTR, the role of LTR transcription factor binding sites in LTR-driven transcription, the role of HIV-1-encoded transactivator protein, hormonal effects on virus transcription, impact of LTR variability on transcription, and epigenetic control of retrovirus LTR. Finally, we focus on a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/dCas9)-based strategy for HIV-1 reservoir purging.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chakraborty S, Sinha S, Sengupta A. Emerging trends in chromatin remodeler plasticity in mesenchymal stromal cell function. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21234. [PMID: 33337557 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences highlight importance of epigenetic regulation and their integration with transcriptional and cell signaling machinery in determining tissue resident adult pluripotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) activity, lineage commitment, and multicellular development. Histone modifying enzymes and large multi-subunit chromatin remodeling complexes and their cell type-specific plasticity remain the central defining features of gene regulation and establishment of tissue identity. Modulation of transcription factor expression gradient ex vivo and concomitant flexibility of higher order chromatin architecture in response to signaling cues are exciting approaches to regulate MSC activity and tissue rejuvenation. Being an important constituent of the adult bone marrow microenvironment/niche, pathophysiological perturbation in MSC homeostasis also causes impaired hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function in a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In addition, pluripotent MSCs can function as immune regulatory cells, and they reside at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Research in the past few years suggest that MSCs/stromal fibroblasts significantly contribute to the establishment of immunosuppressive microenvironment in shaping antitumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to understand mesenchymal stromal epigenome and transcriptional regulation to leverage its applications in regenerative medicine, epigenetic memory-guided trained immunity, immune-metabolic rewiring, and precision immune reprogramming. In this review, we highlight the latest developments and prospects in chromatin biology in determining MSC function in the context of lineage commitment and immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chakraborty
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantani Sinha
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Amitava Sengupta
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Comprehensive Analysis of SWI/SNF Inactivation in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123712. [PMID: 33321963 PMCID: PMC7763689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene expression by reorganizing the way DNA is packaged into chromatin. SWI/SNF subunits are recurrently altered in tumors at multiple levels, including DNA mutations as well as alteration of the levels of RNA and protein. Cancer cell lines are often used to study SWI/SNF function, but their patterns of SWI/SNF alterations can be complex. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of DNA mutations and RNA and protein expression of SWI/SNF members in 38 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines. We show that over 85% of our cell lines harbored at least one alteration in one SWI/SNF subunit. In addition, over 75% of our cell lines lacked expression of at least one SWI/SNF subunit at the protein level. Our catalog will help researchers choose an appropriate cell line model to study SWI/SNF function in LUAD. Abstract Mammalian SWI/SNF (SWitch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers whose subunits have emerged among the most frequently mutated genes in cancer. Studying SWI/SNF function in cancer cell line models has unveiled vulnerabilities in SWI/SNF-mutant tumors that can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic drugs. However, choosing an appropriate cancer cell line model for SWI/SNF functional studies can be challenging because SWI/SNF subunits are frequently altered in cancer by various mechanisms, including genetic alterations and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In this work, we combined genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches to study the mutational status and the expression levels of the SWI/SNF subunits in a panel of 38 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines. We found that the SWI/SNF complex was mutated in more than 76% of our LUAD cell lines and there was a high variability in the expression of the different SWI/SNF subunits. These results underline the importance of the SWI/SNF complex as a tumor suppressor in LUAD and the difficulties in defining altered and unaltered cell models for the SWI/SNF complex. These findings will assist researchers in choosing the most suitable cellular models for their studies of SWI/SNF to bring all of its potential to the development of novel therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Barish S, Barakat TS, Michel BC, Mashtalir N, Phillips JB, Valencia AM, Ugur B, Wegner J, Scott TM, Bostwick B, Murdock DR, Dai H, Perenthaler E, Nikoncuk A, van Slegtenhorst M, Brooks AS, Keren B, Nava C, Mignot C, Douglas J, Rodan L, Nowak C, Ellard S, Stals K, Lynch SA, Faoucher M, Lesca G, Edery P, Engleman KL, Zhou D, Thiffault I, Herriges J, Gass J, Louie RJ, Stolerman E, Washington C, Vetrini F, Otsubo A, Pratt VM, Conboy E, Treat K, Shannon N, Camacho J, Wakeling E, Yuan B, Chen CA, Rosenfeld JA, Westerfield M, Wangler M, Yamamoto S, Kadoch C, Scott DA, Bellen HJ. BICRA, a SWI/SNF Complex Member, Is Associated with BAF-Disorder Related Phenotypes in Humans and Model Organisms. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1096-1112. [PMID: 33232675 PMCID: PMC7820627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SWI/SNF-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) are rare neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by developmental disability, coarse facial features, and fifth digit/nail hypoplasia that are caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode for members of the SWI/SNF (or BAF) family of chromatin remodeling complexes. We have identified 12 individuals with rare variants (10 loss-of-function, 2 missense) in the BICRA (BRD4 interacting chromatin remodeling complex-associated protein) gene, also known as GLTSCR1, which encodes a subunit of the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complex. These individuals exhibited neurodevelopmental phenotypes that include developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and behavioral abnormalities as well as dysmorphic features. Notably, the majority of individuals lack the fifth digit/nail hypoplasia phenotype, a hallmark of most SSRIDDs. To confirm the role of BICRA in the development of these phenotypes, we performed functional characterization of the zebrafish and Drosophila orthologs of BICRA. In zebrafish, a mutation of bicra that mimics one of the loss-of-function variants leads to craniofacial defects possibly akin to the dysmorphic facial features seen in individuals harboring putatively pathogenic BICRA variants. We further show that Bicra physically binds to other non-canonical ncBAF complex members, including the BRD9/7 ortholog, CG7154, and is the defining member of the ncBAF complex in flies. Like other SWI/SNF complex members, loss of Bicra function in flies acts as a dominant enhancer of position effect variegation but in a more context-specific manner. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of BICRA leads to a unique SSRIDD in humans whose phenotypes overlap with those previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Barish
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brittany C Michel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Alfredo M Valencia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Berrak Ugur
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeremy Wegner
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Tiana M Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Brett Bostwick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Murdock
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongzheng Dai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique and Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- APHP Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique and Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique and Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jessica Douglas
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's at Waltham, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Lance Rodan
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's at Waltham, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Catherine Nowak
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's at Waltham, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Sian Ellard
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Sally Ann Lynch
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin D12 N512, Ireland
| | - Marie Faoucher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Université Claude bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Université Claude bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Université Claude bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Kendra L Engleman
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Herriges
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jennifer Gass
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Raymond J Louie
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Elliot Stolerman
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Camerun Washington
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Francesco Vetrini
- Department of Clinical Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aiko Otsubo
- Department of Clinical Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- Department of Clinical Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Erin Conboy
- Department of Clinical Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kayla Treat
- Department of Clinical Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nora Shannon
- Regional Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Jose Camacho
- Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Emma Wakeling
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Michael Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
USP24 stabilizes bromodomain containing proteins to promote lung cancer malignancy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20870. [PMID: 33257797 PMCID: PMC7705756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are important for chromatin remodeling to regulate gene expression. In this study, we found that the deubiquitinase USP24 interacted with BRD through its C-terminus increased the levels of most BRD-containing proteins through increasing their protein stability by the removal of ubiquitin from Lys391/Lys400 of the BRD. In addition, we found that USP24 and BRG1 could regulate each other through regulating the protein stability and the transcriptional activity, respectively, of the other, suggesting that the levels of USP24 and BRG1 are regulated to form a positive feedback loop in cancer progression. Loss of the interaction motif of USP24 eliminated the ability of USP24 to stabilize BRD-containing proteins and abolished the effect of USP24 on cancer progression, including its inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and promotion of cancer cell migration, suggesting that the interaction between USP24 and the BRD is important for USP24-mediated effects on cancer progression. The targeting of BRD-containing proteins has been developed as a strategy for cancer therapy. Based on our study, targeting USP24 to inhibit the levels of BRD-containing proteins may inhibit cancer progression.
Collapse
|
45
|
Park SW, Lee JM. Emerging Roles of BRD7 in Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197127. [PMID: 32992509 PMCID: PMC7583729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain is a conserved structural module found in many chromatin-associated proteins. Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a member of the bromodomain-containing protein family, and was discovered two decades ago as a protein that is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Since then, BRD7 has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle progression. Decreased BRD7 activity underlies the pathophysiological properties of various diseases in different organs. BRD7 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many cancers and, more recently, its roles in the regulation of metabolism and obesity have also been highlighted. Here, we review the involvement of BRD7 in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, with a focus on glucose homeostasis, obesity, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Junsik M. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The Trithorax group (TrxG) of proteins is a large family of epigenetic regulators that form multiprotein complexes to counteract repressive developmental gene expression programmes established by the Polycomb group of proteins and to promote and maintain an active state of gene expression. Recent studies are providing new insights into how two crucial families of the TrxG - the COMPASS family of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases and the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelling complexes - regulate gene expression and developmental programmes, and how misregulation of their activities through genetic abnormalities leads to pathologies such as developmental disorders and malignancies.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hainer SJ, Kaplan CD. Specialized RSC: Substrate Specificities for a Conserved Chromatin Remodeler. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000002. [PMID: 32490565 PMCID: PMC7329613 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The remodel the structure of chromatin (RSC) nucleosome remodeling complex is a conserved chromatin regulator with roles in chromatin organization, especially over nucleosome depleted regions therefore functioning in gene expression. Recent reports in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified specificities in RSC activity toward certain types of nucleosomes. RSC has now been shown to preferentially evict nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.Z in vitro. Furthermore, biochemical activities of distinct RSC complexes has been found to differ when their nucleosome substrate is partially unraveled. Mammalian BAF complexes, the homologs of yeast RSC and SWI/SNF complexes, are also linked to nucleosomes with H2A.Z, but this relationship may be complex and extent of conservation remains to be determined. The interplay of remodelers with specific nucleosome substrates and regulation of remodeler outcomes by nucleosome composition are tantalizing questions given the wave of structural data emerging for RSC and other SWI/SNF family remodelers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Hainer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Craig D Kaplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Frequent mutations in the amino-terminal domain of BCL7A impair its tumor suppressor role in DLBCL. Leukemia 2020; 34:2722-2735. [PMID: 32576963 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex are frequently found in different human cancers. While the tumor suppressor function of this complex is widely established in solid tumors, its role in hematologic malignancies is largely unknown. Recurrent point mutations in BCL7A gene, encoding a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, have been reported in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but their functional impact remains to be elucidated. Here we show that BCL7A often undergoes biallelic inactivation, including a previously unnoticed mutational hotspot in the splice donor site of intron one. The splice site mutations render a truncated BCL7A protein, lacking a portion of the amino-terminal domain. Moreover, restoration of wild-type BCL7A expression elicits a tumor suppressor-like phenotype in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, splice site mutations block the tumor suppressor function of BCL7A by preventing its binding to the SWI/SNF complex. We also show that BCL7A restoration induces transcriptomic changes in genes involved in B-cell activation. In addition, we report that SWI/SNF complex subunits harbor mutations in more than half of patients with germinal center B-cell (GCB)-DLBCL. Overall, this work demonstrates the tumor suppressor function of BCL7A in DLBCL, and highlights that the SWI/SNF complex plays a relevant role in DLBCL pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang S, Wang P, Liang D, Wang Y. BRG1 Is Dispensable for Sertoli Cell Development and Functions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124358. [PMID: 32575410 PMCID: PMC7353015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells are somatic supporting cells in spermatogenic niche and play critical roles in germ cell development, but it is yet to be understood how epigenetic modifiers regulate Sertoli cell development and contribution to spermatogenesis. BRG1 (Brahma related gene 1) is a catalytic subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and participates in transcriptional regulation. The present study aimed to define the functions of BRG1 in mouse Sertoli cells during mouse spermatogenesis. We found that BRG1 protein was localized in the nuclei of both Sertoli cells and germ cells in seminiferous tubules. We further examined the requirement of BRG1 in Sertoli cell development using a Brg1 conditional knockout mouse model and two Amh-Cre mouse strains to specifically delete Brg1 gene from Sertoli cells. We found that the Amh-Cre mice from Jackson Laboratory had inefficient recombinase activities in Sertoli cells, while the other Amh-Cre strain from the European Mouse Mutant Archive achieved complete Brg1 deletion in Sertoli cells. Nevertheless, the conditional knockout of Brg1 from Sertoli cells by neither of Amh-Cre strains led to any detectable abnormalities in the development of either Sertoli cells or germ cells, suggesting that BRG1-SWI/SNF complex is dispensable to the functions of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Dongli Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-21-54345023 (D.L.); +1-517-3531416 (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-21-54345023 (D.L.); +1-517-3531416 (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hu B, Lin JZ, Yang XB, Sang XT. The roles of mutated SWI/SNF complexes in the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on the immune system: A review. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12791. [PMID: 32162380 PMCID: PMC7162795 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy with a high global prevalence and a dismal prognosis. Studies are urgently needed to examine the molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of HCC. Chromatin remodelling, an integral component of the DNA damage response, protects against DNA damage‐induced genome instability and tumorigenesis by triggering the signalling events that activate the interconnected DNA repair pathways. The SWI/SNF complexes are one of the most extensively investigated adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, and mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits are frequently observed in various human cancers, including HCC. The mutated SWI/SNF complex subunits exert dual functions by accelerating or inhibiting HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, the abnormal SWI/SNF complexes influence the transcription of interferon‐stimulated genes, as well as the differentiation, activation and recruitment of several immune cell types. In addition, they exhibit synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of diverse tumour types. Therefore, understanding the mutations and deficiencies of the SMI/SNF complexes, together with the associated functional mechanisms, may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC through targeting the related genes or modulating the tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|