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Matsumoto S, Uchiumi T, Ueyanagi Y, Noda N, Sakai A, Hotta T, Kato K, Ohga S, Kunisaki Y, Kang D. Long-range and real-time PCR identification of a large SERPINC1 deletion in a patient with antithrombin deficiency. Int J Hematol 2024; 120:179-185. [PMID: 38801563 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Congenital antithrombin (AT) or serpin C1 deficiency, caused by a SERPINC1 abnormality, is a high-risk factor for venous thrombosis. SERPINC1 is prone to genetic rearrangement, because it contains numerous Alu elements. In this study, a Japanese patient who developed deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy and exhibited low AT activity underwent SERPINC1 gene analysis using routine methods: long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. Sequencing using long-range PCR products revealed no pathological variants in SERPINC1 exons or exon-intron junctions, and all the identified variants were homozygous, suggesting a deletion in one SERPINC1 allele. Copy number quantification for each SERPINC1 exon using real-time PCR revealed half the number of exon 1 and 2 copies compared with controls. Moreover, a deletion region was deduced by quantifying the 5'-upstream region copy number of SERPINC1 for each constant region. Direct long-range PCR sequencing with primers for the 5'-end of each presumed deletion region revealed a large Alu-mediated deletion (∼13 kb) involving SERPINC1 exons 1 and 2. Thus, a large deletion was identified in SERPINC1 using conventional PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ueyanagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nozomi Noda
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Sakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taeko Hotta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Kashiigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Seldeslachts A, Maurstad MF, Øyen JP, Undheim EAB, Peigneur S, Tytgat J. Exploring oak processionary caterpillar induced lepidopterism (Part 1): unveiling molecular insights through transcriptomics and proteomics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:311. [PMID: 39066932 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lepidopterism, a skin inflammation condition caused by direct or airborne exposure to irritating hairs (setae) from processionary caterpillars, is becoming a significant public health concern. Recent outbreaks of the oak processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea) have caused noteworthy health and economic consequences, with a rising frequency expected in the future, exacerbated by global warming promoting the survival of the caterpillar. Current medical treatments focus on symptom relief due to the lack of an effective therapy. While the source is known, understanding the precise causes of symptoms remain incomplete understood. In this study, we employed an advanced method to extract venom from the setae and identify the venom components through high-quality de novo transcriptomics, venom proteomics, and bioinformatic analysis. A total of 171 venom components were identified, including allergens, odorant binding proteins, small peptides, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, and chitin biosynthesis products, potentially responsible for inflammatory and allergic reactions. This work presents the first comprehensive proteotranscriptomic database of T. processionea, contributing to understanding the complexity of lepidopterism. Furthermore, these findings hold promise for advancing therapeutic approaches to mitigate the global health impact of T. processionea and related caterpillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Seldeslachts
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Marius F Maurstad
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Philip Øyen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of biotechnology and plant health & viruses, bacteria and nematodes in forestry, agriculture and horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium.
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium.
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3
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Smagin DA, Bezryadnov DV, Zavialova MG, Abramova AY, Pertsov SS, Kudryavtseva NN. Blood Plasma Markers in Depressed Mice under Chronic Social Defeat Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1485. [PMID: 39062058 PMCID: PMC11275122 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that, in mice, chronic social defeat stress in daily agonistic interactions leads to a depression-like state similar to that in depressive patients. With this model, it has become obvious that it is possible to study peripheral markers of the depression-like state in an experiment. This paper was aimed at searching for protein markers in the blood plasma of depressed mice in the chronic social conflict model, which allows for us to obtain male mice with repeated experiences of defeat. Proteomic analysis of blood plasma samples was conducted to identify proteins differentially expressed in this state. There were changes in the expression levels of the amyloid proteins SAA1, SAA4, and SAMP and apolipoproteins APOC3, APOD, and ADIPO in the blood plasma of depressed mice compared with controls (unstressed mice). Changes in the expression of serine protease inhibitors and/or proteins associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, or immune function [ITIH4, SPA3, A1AT5, HTP (HP), CO9, and A2MG] were also found. Here, we showed that chronic social stress is accompanied by increased levels of amyloid proteins and apolipoproteins in blood plasma. A similarity was noted between the marker protein expression changes in the depressed mice and those in patients with Alzheimer's disease. These data indicate a psychopathogenic role of chronic social stress, which can form a predisposition to neurodegenerative and/or psychoemotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Smagin
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Bezryadnov
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia; (D.V.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | | | - Anastasia Yu. Abramova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia; (D.V.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sergey S. Pertsov
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia; (D.V.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Natalia N. Kudryavtseva
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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4
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Sun Q, Chen W, Wu R, Tao B, Wang P, Sun B, Alvarez JF, Ma F, Galindo DC, Maroney SP, Saviola AJ, Hansen KC, Li S, Deb A. Serine protease inhibitor, SerpinA3n, regulates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:943-953. [PMID: 38666458 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Following myocardial infarction (MI), the heart repairs itself via a fibrotic repair response. The degree of fibrosis is determined by the balance between deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated fibroblasts and breakdown of nascent scar tissue by proteases that are secreted predominantly by inflammatory cells. Excessive proteolytic activity and matrix turnover has been observed in human heart failure, and protease inhibitors in the injured heart regulate matrix breakdown. Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) represent the largest and the most functionally diverse family of evolutionary conserved protease inhibitors, and levels of the specific Serpin, SerpinA3, have been strongly associated with clinical outcomes in human MI as well as non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Yet, the role of Serpins in regulating cardiac remodelling is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand the role of Serpins in regulating scar formation after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a SerpinA3n conditional knockout mice model, we observed the robust expression of Serpins in the infarcted murine heart and demonstrate that genetic deletion of SerpinA3n (mouse homologue of SerpinA3) leads to increased activity of substrate proteases, poorly compacted matrix, and significantly worse post-infarct cardiac function. Single-cell transcriptomics complemented with histology in SerpinA3n-deficient animals demonstrated increased inflammation, adverse myocyte hypertrophy, and expression of pro-hypertrophic genes. Proteomic analysis of scar tissue demonstrated decreased cross-linking of ECM peptides consistent with increased proteolysis in SerpinA3n-deficient animals. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a hitherto unappreciated causal role of Serpins in regulating matrix function and post-infarct cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Rimao Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Bo Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Baiming Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Juan F Alvarez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David Ceja Galindo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean P Maroney
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
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5
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Rappold R, Kalogeropoulos K, Auf dem Keller U, Vogel V, Slack E. Salmonella-driven intestinal edema in mice is characterized by tensed fibronectin fibers. FEBS J 2024; 291:3104-3127. [PMID: 38487972 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal edema is a common manifestation of numerous gastrointestinal diseases and is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space of the intestinal wall. Technical advances in laser capture microdissection and low-biomass proteomics now allow us to specifically characterize the intestinal edema proteome. Using advanced proteomics, we identify peptides derived from antimicrobial factors with high signal intensity, but also highlight major contributions from the blood clotting system, extracellular matrix (ECM) and protease-protease inhibitor networks. The ECM is a complex fibrillar network of macromolecules that provides structural and mechanical support to the intestinal tissue. One abundant component of the ECM observed in Salmonella-driven intestinal edema is the glycoprotein fibronectin, recognized for its structure-function interplay regulated by mechanical forces. Using mechanosensitive staining of fibronectin fibers reveals that they are tensed in the edema, despite the high abundance of proteases able to cleave fibronectin. In contrast, fibronectin fibers increasingly relax in other cecal tissue areas as the infection progresses. Co-staining for fibrin(ogen) indicates the formation of a provisional matrix in the edema, similar to what is observed in response to skin injury, while collagen staining reveals a sparse and disrupted collagen fiber network. These observations plus the absence of low tensional fibronectin fibers and the additional finding of a high number of protease inhibitors in the edema proteome could indicate a critical role of stretched fibronectin fibers in maintaining tissue integrity in the severely inflamed cecum. Understanding these processes may also provide valuable functional diagnostic markers of intestinal disease progression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Rappold
- Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Viola Vogel
- Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Botnar Research Center for Child Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Botnar Research Center for Child Health, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Kamuda K, Ronzoni R, Majumdar A, Guan FHX, Irving JA, Lomas DA. A novel pathological mutant reveals the role of torsional flexibility in the serpin breach in adoption of an aggregation-prone intermediate. FEBS J 2024; 291:2937-2954. [PMID: 38523412 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mutants of alpha-1-antitrypsin cause the protein to self-associate and form ordered aggregates ('polymers') that are retained within hepatocytes, resulting in a predisposition to the development of liver disease. The associated reduction in secretion, and for some mutants, impairment of function, leads to a failure to protect lung tissue against proteases released during the inflammatory response and an increased risk of emphysema. We report here a novel deficiency mutation (Gly192Cys), that we name the Sydney variant, identified in a patient in heterozygosity with the Z allele (Glu342Lys). Cellular analysis revealed that the novel variant was mostly retained as insoluble polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum. The basis for this behaviour was investigated using biophysical and structural techniques. The variant showed a 40% reduction in inhibitory activity and a reduced stability as assessed by thermal unfolding experiments. Polymerisation involves adoption of an aggregation-prone intermediate and paradoxically the energy barrier for transition to this state was increased by 16% for the Gly192Cys variant with respect to the wild-type protein. However, with activation to the intermediate state, polymerisation occurred at a 3.8-fold faster rate overall. X-ray crystallography provided two crystal structures of the Gly192Cys variant, revealing perturbation within the 'breach' region with Cys192 in two different orientations: in one structure it faces towards the hydrophobic core while in the second it is solvent-exposed. This orientational heterogeneity was confirmed by PEGylation. These data show the critical role of the torsional freedom imparted by Gly192 in inhibitory activity and stability against polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kamuda
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - Avik Majumdar
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona H X Guan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - James A Irving
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
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7
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Huang H, Mu Y, Li S. The biological function of Serpinb9 and Serpinb9-based therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1422113. [PMID: 38966643 PMCID: PMC11222584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in discovering novel immune signaling pathways have revolutionized different disease treatments. SERPINB9 (Sb9), also known as Proteinase Inhibitor 9 (PI-9), is a well-known endogenous inhibitor of Granzyme B (GzmB). GzmB is a potent cytotoxic molecule secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which plays a crucial role in inducing apoptosis in target cells during immune responses. Sb9 acts as a protective mechanism against the potentially harmful effects of GzmB within the cells of the immune system itself. On the other hand, overexpression of Sb9 is an important mechanism of immune evasion in diseases like cancers and viral infections. The intricate functions of Sb9 in different cell types represent a fine-tuned regulatory mechanism for preventing immunopathology, protection against autoimmune diseases, and the regulation of cell death, all of which are essential for maintaining health and responding effectively to disease challenges. Dysregulation of the Sb9 will disrupt human normal physiological condition, potentially leading to a range of diseases, including cancers, inflammatory conditions, viral infections or other pathological disorders. Deepening our understanding of the role of Sb9 will aid in the discovery of innovative and effective treatments for various medical conditions. Therefore, the objective of this review is to consolidate current knowledge regarding the biological role of Sb9. It aims to offer insights into its discovery, structure, functions, distribution, its association with various diseases, and the potential of nanoparticle-based therapies targeting Sb9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yiqing Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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8
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Pu X, Ma S, Zhao B, Tang S, Lu Q, Liu W, Wang Y, Cen Y, Wu C, Fu X. Transcriptome meta-analysis reveals the hair genetic rules in six animal breeds and genes associated with wool fineness. Front Genet 2024; 15:1401369. [PMID: 38948362 PMCID: PMC11211574 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1401369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Wool plays an irreplaceable role in the lives of livestock and the textile industry. The variety of hair quality and shape leads to the diversity of its functions and applications, and the finer wool has a higher economic value. In this study, 10 coarse and 10 fine ordos fine wool sheep skin samples were collected for RNA-seq, and coarse and fine skin/hair follicle RNA-seq datasets of other five animal breeds were obtained from NCBI. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the common genes were clustered into eight modules. Similar gene expression patterns in sheep and rabbits with the same wool types, different gene expression patterns in animal species with different hair types, and brown modules were significantly correlated with species and breeds. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that, most genes in the brown module associated with hair follicle development. Hence, gene expression patterns in skin tissues may determine hair morphology in animal. The analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that 32 highly expressed candidate genes associated with the wool fineness of Ordos fine wool sheep. Among them, KAZALD1 (grey module), MYOC (brown module), C1QTNF6 (brown module), FOS (tan module), ITGAM, MX2, MX1, and IFI6 genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle or hair loss. Additionally, 12 genes, including KAZALD1, MYOC, C1QTNF6, and FOS, are differentially expressed across various animal breeds and species. The above results suggest that different sheep breeds share a similar molecular regulatory basis of wool fineness. Finally, the study provides a theoretical reference for molecular breeding of sheep breeds as well as for the investigation of the origin and evolution of animal hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bingru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunlin Cen
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-Sheep Cashmere-Goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Huang Z, Huang X, Huang Y, Liang K, Chen L, Zhong C, Chen Y, Chen C, Wang Z, He F, Qin M, Long C, Tang B, Huang Y, Wu Y, Mo X, Weizhong T, Liu J. Identification of KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota in colorectal cancer and construction of predictive machine learning model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0272023. [PMID: 38572984 PMCID: PMC11064510 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02720-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has demonstrated an increasingly important role in the onset and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, the association between gut microbiota and KRAS mutation in CRC remains enigmatic. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on stool samples from 94 CRC patients and employed the linear discriminant analysis effect size algorithm to identify distinct gut microbiota between KRAS mutant and KRAS wild-type CRC patients. Transcriptome sequencing data from nine CRC patients were transformed into a matrix of immune infiltrating cells, which was then utilized to explore KRAS mutation-associated biological functions, including Gene Ontology items and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations among these KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota, host immunity, and KRAS mutation-associated biological functions. At last, we developed a predictive random forest (RF) machine learning model to predict the KRAS mutation status in CRC patients, based on the gut microbiota associated with KRAS mutation. We identified a total of 26 differential gut microbiota between both groups. Intriguingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between Bifidobacterium spp. and mast cells, as well as between Bifidobacterium longum and chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Additionally, we also observed a notable negative correlation between Bifidobacterium and GOMF:proteasome binding. The RF model constructed using the KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota demonstrated qualified efficacy in predicting the KRAS phenotype in CRC. Our study ascertained the presence of 26 KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota in CRC and speculated that Bifidobacterium may exert an essential role in preventing CRC progression, which appeared to correlate with the upregulation of mast cells and CX3CR1 expression, as well as the downregulation of GOMF:proteasome binding. Furthermore, the RF model constructed on the basis of KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota exhibited substantial potential in predicting KRAS mutation status in CRC patients.IMPORTANCEGut microbiota has emerged as an essential player in the onset and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationship between gut microbiota and KRAS mutation in CRC remains elusive. Our study not only identified a total of 26 gut microbiota associated with KRAS mutation in CRC but also unveiled their significant correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune-related genes, and biological pathways (Gene Ontology items and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways). We speculated that Bifidobacterium may play a crucial role in impeding CRC progression, potentially linked to the upregulation of mast cells and CX3CR1 expression, as well as the downregulation of GOMF:Proteasome binding. Furthermore, based on the KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota, the RF model exhibited promising potential in the prediction of KRAS mutation status for CRC patients. Overall, the findings of our study offered fresh insights into microbiological research and clinical prediction of KRAS mutation status for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yili Huang
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kunmei Liang
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuzhuo Zhong
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanbin Chen
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fuhai He
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Mingjian Qin
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyan Long
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Binzhe Tang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xianwei Mo
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tang Weizhong
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jungang Liu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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10
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Yang CH, Song AL, Qiu Y, Ge XY. Cross-species transmission and host range genes in poxviruses. Virol Sin 2024; 39:177-193. [PMID: 38272237 PMCID: PMC11074647 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistent epidemic of human mpox, caused by mpox virus (MPXV), raises concerns about the future spread of MPXV and other poxviruses. MPXV is a typical zoonotic virus which can infect human and cause smallpox-like symptoms. MPXV belongs to the Poxviridae family, which has a relatively broad host range from arthropods to vertebrates. Cross-species transmission of poxviruses among different hosts has been frequently reported and resulted in numerous epidemics. Poxviruses have a complex linear double-strand DNA genome that encodes hundreds of proteins. Genes related to the host range of poxvirus are called host range genes (HRGs). This review briefly introduces the taxonomy, phylogeny and hosts of poxviruses, and then comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge about the cross-species transmission of poxviruses. In particular, the HRGs of poxvirus are described and their impacts on viral host range are discussed in depth. We hope that this review will provide a comprehensive perspective about the current progress of researches on cross-species transmission and HRG variation of poxviruses, serving as a valuable reference for academic studies and disease control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - A-Ling Song
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China.
| | - Xing-Yi Ge
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China.
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11
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Peled A, Sprecher E. Proteolytic and Antiproteolytic Activity in the Skin: Gluing the Pieces Together. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:466-473. [PMID: 37865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is ultimately aimed at the formation of a functional barrier capable of protecting the organism from the environment while preventing loss of biologically vital elements. Epidermal differentiation entails a delicately regulated process of cell-cell junction formation and dissolution to enable upward cell migration and desquamation. Over the past two decades, the deciphering of the genetic basis of a number of inherited conditions has delineated the pivotal role played in this process by a series of proteases and protease inhibitors, including serpins, cathepsins, and cystatins, suggesting novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in both rare and common disorders of cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Sachs MK, Makieva S, Velasco Gil A, Xie M, Ille F, Salvadori V, Schmidhauser M, Saenz-de-Juano MD, Ulbrich SE, Leeners B. Transcriptomic signature of luteinized cumulus cells of oocytes developing to live birth after women received intracytoplasmic sperm injection. F&S SCIENCE 2024; 5:24-38. [PMID: 38036000 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the transcriptome of human cumulus cells (CCs) from oocytes with different outcomes (pregnancy yes/no, live birth [LB] yes/no), to identify noninvasive biomarkers for oocyte selection as well as new therapeutic targets to increase LB rates from assisted reproductive technologies (ART). DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTINGS This study was conducted at a University Hospital in Switzerland. PATIENTS Subfertile couples undergoing controlled ovarian superstimulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection with subsequent unbiopsied embryo transfer below the female age of 43 years. INTERVENTION(S) RNA sequencing of CCs from oocytes results in a pregnancy, no pregnancy, LB, or no LB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differential gene expression (DEG) between CCs of oocytes results in "no pregnancy" vs. "pregnancy" and "pregnancy only" vs. "live birth." RESULTS Although RNA sequencing did not reveal DEGs when comparing the transcriptomic profiles of the groups "no pregnancy" with "pregnancy," we identified 139 DEGs by comparing "pregnancy only" with "live birth," of which 28 belonged to clusters relevant to successful ART outcomes (i.e., CTGF, SERPINE2, PCK1, HHIP, HS3ST, and BIRC5). A functional enrichment analysis revealed that the transcriptome of CCs associated with LB depicts pathways of extracellular matrix, inflammatory cascades leading to ovulation, cell patterning, proliferation, and differentiation, and silencing pathways leading to apoptosis. CONCLUSION We identified a CCs transcriptomic profile associated with LB after embryo transfer that, after further validation, could serve to predict successful ART outcomes. The definition of relevant pathways of CCs related to oocyte competency contributes to a broader understanding of the cumulus oocyte complex and helps identify further therapeutic targets for improving ART success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike K Sachs
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sofia Makieva
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Velasco Gil
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ille
- Center of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Obermattweg, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Salvadori
- Center of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Obermattweg, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Meret Schmidhauser
- ETH Zürich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mara D Saenz-de-Juano
- ETH Zürich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zürich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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Martini A, Prasai K, Zemla TJ, Ahmed FY, Elnagar MB, Giama NH, Guzzardo V, Biasiolo A, Fassan M, Yin J, Pontisso P, Roberts LR. SerpinB3/4 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:225. [PMID: 38201652 PMCID: PMC10778206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary liver tumor, is associated with a dismal outcome, and useful prognostic markers are not currently available in clinical practice. SerpinB3, a serine protease inhibitor, was recently found to play a relevant role in malignant transformation in different cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of SerpinB3/4 in tissue and serum samples of patients with CCA in relation to clinical outcomes. SerpinB3/4 was assessed in the tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 123 surgically resected CCAs. ELISA assays were carried out in 188 patients with CCA to detect the free and IgM-linked forms of SerpinB3/4. Overall survival was analyzed in relation to SerpinB3/4 expression, and Cox models were used to identify the variables associated with survival. High levels of SerpinB3/4 (TMA score 2+/3+) were detected in 15 tumors (12.2%), characterized by a more advanced TNM stage (III/IV: 64.3% vs. 31.3%; p = 0.031) and lower overall patient survival, independently of CCA subclass (intrahepatic CCA: median 1.1 (0.8-Not Estimable, NE) vs. 2.4 (1.8-3.4) years; p = 0.0007; extrahepatic CCA: median 0.8 (0.2-NE) vs. 2.2 (1.5-5.4) years; p = 0.011). Vascular invasion (p = 0.027) and SerpinB3/4 scores (p = 0.0016) were independently associated with mortality in multivariate analysis. Patients who had detectable free or IgM-linked SerpinB3/4 in their serum showed poorer survival (1 vs. 2.4 years, p = 0.015, for free SerpinB3/4, and 1 vs. 2.6 years, p = 0.0026, for SerpinB3/4-IgM). In conclusion, high levels of SerpinB3/4 in tissue and serum in CCA are associated with poor outcomes after surgery, regardless of tumor subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (V.G.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Kritika Prasai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (K.P.); (F.Y.A.); (M.B.E.); (N.H.G.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Tyler J. Zemla
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (T.J.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Fowsiyo Y. Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (K.P.); (F.Y.A.); (M.B.E.); (N.H.G.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Mamoun B. Elnagar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (K.P.); (F.Y.A.); (M.B.E.); (N.H.G.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Nasra H. Giama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (K.P.); (F.Y.A.); (M.B.E.); (N.H.G.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (V.G.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Alessandra Biasiolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (V.G.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (V.G.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, (IOV-IRCCS), via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (T.J.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.); (V.G.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
- European Reference Network—ERN RARE-LIVER, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (K.P.); (F.Y.A.); (M.B.E.); (N.H.G.); (L.R.R.)
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14
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Kalsheker N. PCR Analysis to Identify AAT Gene Promoters and Splice Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2750:33-39. [PMID: 38108965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3605-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This chapter explores the methods used for the analysis of alpha1-antitrypsin gene expression. This includes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), and whole transcriptome analysis combined with parallel DNA sequencing to understand the processes involved in AAT expression.
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15
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Vahkal B, Altosaar I, Tremblay E, Gagné D, Hüttman N, Minic Z, Côté M, Blais A, Beaulieu J, Ferretti E. Gestational age at birth influences protein and RNA content in human milk extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e128. [PMID: 38938674 PMCID: PMC11080785 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Human milk extracellular vesicles (HM EVs) are proposed to protect against disease development in infants. This protection could in part be facilitated by the bioactive EV cargo of proteins and RNA. Notably, mothers birth infants of different gestational ages with unique needs, wherein the EV cargo of HM may diverge. We collected HM from lactating mothers within two weeks of a term or preterm birth. Following purification of EVs, proteins and mRNA were extracted for proteomics and sequencing analyses, respectively. Over 2000 protein groups were identified, and over 8000 genes were quantified. The total number of proteins and mRNA did not differ significantly between the two conditions, while functional bioinformatics of differentially expressed cargo indicated enrichment in immunoregulatory cargo for preterm HM EVs. In term HM EVs, significantly upregulated cargo was enriched in metabolism-related functions. Based on gene expression signatures from HM-contained single cell sequencing data, we proposed that a larger portion of preterm HM EVs are secreted by immune cells, whereas term HM EVs contain more signatures of lactocyte epithelial cells. Proposed differences in EV cargo could indicate variation in mother's milk based on infants' gestational age and provide basis for further functional characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Vahkal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
| | - Illimar Altosaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada
| | - David Gagné
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada
| | - Nico Hüttman
- Faculty of Science, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Zoran Minic
- Faculty of Science, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
- Brain and Mind InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseOttawaCanada
| | | | - Emanuela Ferretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaCanada
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16
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Chalmers JD, Kettritz R, Korkmaz B. Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in neutrophil-mediated inflammatory disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239151. [PMID: 38162644 PMCID: PMC10755895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have a critical role in the innate immune response to infection and the control of inflammation. A key component of this process is the release of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), primarily neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and NSP4, which have essential functions in immune modulation and tissue repair following injury. Normally, NSP activity is controlled and modulated by endogenous antiproteases. However, disruption of this homeostatic relationship can cause diseases in which neutrophilic inflammation is central to the pathology, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis, as well as many non-pulmonary pathologies. Although the pathobiology of these diseases varies, evidence indicates that excessive NSP activity is common and a principal mediator of tissue damage and clinical decline. NSPs are synthesized as inactive zymogens and activated primarily by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 1, also known as cathepsin C. Preclinical data confirm that inactivation of this protease reduces activation of NSPs. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 potentially reduces the contribution of aberrant NSP activity to the severity and/or progression of multiple inflammatory diseases. Initial clinical data support this view. Ongoing research continues to explore the role of NSP activation by dipeptidyl peptidase 1 in different disease states and the potential clinical benefits of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Chalmers
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, University of Tours, Tours, France
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17
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Huang YZ, Shi QT, Shi SY, Yang P, Zhang ZJ, Lyu SJ, Chen FY, Xu JW, Liu X, Li Z, Ru B, Cai C, Xie J, Lei C, Chen H, Xu Z, Wang E. Association between copy number variation of SERPINA3-1 gene and growth traits in Chinese cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1524-1531. [PMID: 35209806 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2038183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3 (SERPINA3) belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family A subtype, and contains 8 genes from SERPINA3-1 to SERPINA3-8. Although the regulatory effects of these 8 genes have been revealed one by one in recent years, the related effects of SERPINA3-1 gene on cattle growth is still unclear. This study used quantitative Real time PCR (qPCR) to detect the type of copy number variation (CNV) of SERPINA3-1 gene in a total of 542 Chinese cattle, and expression of SERPINA3-1 gene in different tissues of Qinchuan cattles (adult) on mRNA level. Then association analysis was conducted between the detection results and cattle growth traits. The results showed that the Duplication type in SERPINA3-1 gene performed better on the growth traits and the CNV was significantly correlated with multiple growth traits (p < 0.05). In addition, SERPINA3-1 gene has different expression conditions in different tissues, results showed that SERPINA3-1 gene has a low expression in muscle. In conclusion, we speculate that the SERPINA3-1 gene can be used as a molecular marker and the result of this study could be a basic material for candidate functional genes for beef cattle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiao Ting Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yue Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Lyu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baorui Ru
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Cai
- Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, China
| | - Jianliang Xie
- Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, China
| | - ChuZhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaoxue Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Eryao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Ferreira MM, Santos AS, Santos AS, Zugaib M, Pirovani CP. Plant Serpins: Potential Inhibitors of Serine and Cysteine Proteases with Multiple Functions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3619. [PMID: 37896082 PMCID: PMC10609998 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant serpins are a superfamily of protein inhibitors that have been continuously studied in different species and have great biotechnological potential. However, despite ongoing studies with these inhibitors, the biological role of this family in the plant kingdom has not yet been fully clarified. In order to obtain new insights into the potential of plant serpins, this study presents the first systematic review of the topic, whose main objective was to scrutinize the published literature to increase knowledge about this superfamily. Using keywords and the eligibility criteria defined in the protocol, we selected studies from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. According to the eligible studies, serpins inhibit different serine and non-serine proteases from plants, animals, and pathogens, and their expression is affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, serpins like AtSerpin1, OSP-LRS, MtSer6, AtSRP4, AtSRP5, and MtPiI4, act in resistance and are involved in stress-induced cell death in the plant. Also, the system biology analysis demonstrates that serpins are related to proteolysis control, cell regulation, pollen development, catabolism, and protein dephosphorylation. The information systematized here contributes to the design of new studies of plant serpins, especially those aimed at exploring their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
| | | | - Maria Zugaib
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
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19
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Zhang M, Dai Z, Chen X, Qin D, Zhu G, Zhu T, Chen G, Ding Y, Wu G, Gao X. Identification and functional analysis of serine protease inhibitor gene family of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1248354. [PMID: 37795265 PMCID: PMC10545863 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1248354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The predatory natural enemy Eocanthecona furcellata plays a crucial role in agricultural ecosystems due to its effective pest control measures and defensive venom. Predator venom contains serine protease inhibitors (SPIs), which are the primary regulators of serine protease activity and play key roles in digestion, development, innate immunity, and other physiological regulatory processes. However, the regulation mechanism of SPIs in the salivary glands of predatory natural enemies is still unknown. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of E. furcellata salivary gland and identified 38 SPIs genes named EfSPI1∼EfSPI38. Through gene structure, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) expression profiles of different developmental stages and different tissues were analyzed. RNAi technology was used to explore the gene function of EFSPI20. The results showed that these 38 EfSPIs genes contained 8 SPI domains, which were serpin, TIL, Kunitz, Kazal, Antistasin, Pacifastin, WAP and A2M. The expression profile results showed that the expression of different types of EfSPIs genes was different at different developmental stages and different tissues. Most of the EfSPIs genes were highly expressed in the egg stage. The EfSPI20, EfSPI21, EfSPI22, and EfSPI24 genes of the Pacifastin subfamily and the EfSPI35 gene of the A2M subfamily were highly expressed in the nymphal and adult stages, which was consistent with the RT-qPCR verification results. These five genes are positively correlated with each other and have a synergistic effect on E. furcellata, and they were highly expressed in salivary glands. After interfering with the expression of the EfSPI20 gene, the survival rate and predatory amount of male and female adults were significantly decreased. Taken together, we speculated some EfSPIs may inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase, and some EfSPIs may be involved in autoimmune responses. EfSPI20 was essential for the predation and digestion of E. furcellata, and the functions of other EfSPIs were discussed. Our findings provide valuable insights into the diversity of EfSPIs in E. furcellata and the potential functions of regulating their predation, digestion and innate immunity, which may be of great significance for developing new pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenlin Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Deqiang Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Yunan Tobacco Company Chuxiong Prefecture Company, Chuxiong, China
| | - Yishu Ding
- Yunan Tobacco Company Chuxiong Prefecture Company, Chuxiong, China
| | - Guoxing Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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20
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Varkoly K, Beladi R, Hamada M, McFadden G, Irving J, Lucas AR. Viral SERPINS-A Family of Highly Potent Immune-Modulating Therapeutic Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1393. [PMID: 37759793 PMCID: PMC10526531 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors, SERPINS, are a highly conserved family of proteins that regulate serine proteases in the central coagulation and immune pathways, representing 2-10% of circulating proteins in the blood. Serine proteases form cascades of sequentially activated enzymes that direct thrombosis (clot formation) and thrombolysis (clot dissolution), complement activation in immune responses and also programmed cell death (apoptosis). Virus-derived serpins have co-evolved with mammalian proteases and serpins, developing into highly effective inhibitors of mammalian proteolytic pathways. Through interacting with extracellular and intracellular serine and cysteine proteases, viral serpins provide a new class of highly active virus-derived coagulation-, immune-, and apoptosis-modulating drug candidates. Viral serpins have unique characteristics: (1) function at micrograms per kilogram doses; (2) selectivity in targeting sites of protease activation; (3) minimal side effects at active concentrations; and (4) the demonstrated capacity to be modified, or fine-tuned, for altered protease targeting. To date, the virus-derived serpin class of biologics has proven effective in a wide range of animal models and in one clinical trial in patients with unstable coronary disease. Here, we outline the known viral serpins and review prior studies with viral serpins, considering their potential for application as new sources for immune-, coagulation-, and apoptosis-modulating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Varkoly
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Macomb Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 1000 Harrington St., Mt Clemens, MI 48043, USA;
| | - Roxana Beladi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 16001 W Nine Mile Rd., Southfield, MI 48075, USA;
| | - Mostafa Hamada
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - James Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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21
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Pastore N, Annunziata F, Colonna R, Maffia V, Giuliano T, Custode BM, Lombardi B, Polishchuk E, Cacace V, De Stefano L, Nusco E, Sorrentino NC, Piccolo P, Brunetti-Pierri N. Increased expression or activation of TRPML1 reduces hepatic storage of toxic Z alpha-1 antitrypsin. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2651-2661. [PMID: 37394797 PMCID: PMC10492024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant Z alpha-1 antitrypsin (ATZ) accumulates in globules in the liver and is the prototype of proteotoxic hepatic disease. Therapeutic strategies aiming at clearance of polymeric ATZ are needed. Transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) is a lysosomal Ca2+ channel that maintains lysosomal homeostasis. In this study, we show that by increasing lysosomal exocytosis, TRPML1 gene transfer or small-molecule-mediated activation of TRPML1 reduces hepatic ATZ globules and fibrosis in PiZ transgenic mice that express the human ATZ. ATZ globule clearance induced by TRPML1 occurred without increase in autophagy or nuclear translocation of TFEB. Our results show that targeting TRPML1 and lysosomal exocytosis is a novel approach for treatment of the liver disease due to ATZ and potentially other diseases due to proteotoxic liver storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Rita Colonna
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Maffia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Giuliano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Maria Custode
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernadette Lombardi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cacace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolina Cristina Sorrentino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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22
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Guerra P, Martini A, Pontisso P, Angeli P. Novel Molecular Targets for Immune Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3629. [PMID: 37509293 PMCID: PMC10377787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive cancer with a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC is increasing worldwide, and the lack of effective screening programs often results in delayed diagnosis, making it a challenging disease to manage. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for different kinds of cancers, with the potential to stimulate the immune system to target cancer cells. However, the current immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC have shown limited efficacy. Since HCC arises within a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) characterized by the presence of various immune and stromal cell types, the understanding of this interaction is crucial for the identification of effective therapy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the TME of HCC and the immune cells involved in anti-tumour responses, including the identification of new possible targets for immunotherapy. We illustrate a possible classification of HCC based on the tumour immune infiltration and give evidence about the role of SerpinB3, a serine protease inhibitor involved in the regulation of the immune response in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Guerra
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Martini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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23
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Biasiolo A, Sandre M, Ferro S, Quarta S, Ruvoletto M, Villano G, Turato C, Guido M, Marin O, Pontisso P. Epitope-Specific Anti-SerpinB3 Antibodies for SerpinB3 Recognition and Biological Activity Inhibition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050739. [PMID: 37238609 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SerpinB3 is a serine protease inhibitor that plays a relevant role in disease progression and cancer by increasing fibrosis, cell proliferation, and invasion, besides conferring resistance to apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying these biological activities are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to generate antibodies directed against different SerpinB3 epitopes to better investigate their biological role. Five exposed epitopes were identified using the software DNASTAR Lasergene and the corresponding synthetic peptides were used for NZW rabbit immunization. Anti-P#2 and anti-P#4 antibodies were able to recognize both SerpinB3 and SerpinB4 by ELISA. Anti-P#5 antibody, produced against the reactive site loop of SerpinB3, showed the greatest specific reactivity for human SerpinB3. This antibody was able to recognize SerpinB3 at nuclear level, while anti-P#3 antibody recognized SerpinB3 only at cytoplasmic level, both by immunofluorescence and by immunohistochemistry. The biological activity of each antibody preparation was assessed in HepG2 cells overexpressing SerpinB3 and anti-P#5 antibody reduced proliferation by 12% cell and cell invasion by 75%, while trivial results were obtained with the other antibody preparations. These findings indicate that the reactive site loop of SerpinB3 is essential for the invasiveness features induced by this serpin and it could become a novel druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biasiolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Santina Quarta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Ruvoletto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Villano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Turato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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24
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Wu K, Vadakara J. Rituximab in the Treatment of Acquired Angioedema Secondary to Marginal Zone Lymphoma of the Spleen. Cureus 2023; 15:e36790. [PMID: 37123708 PMCID: PMC10134409 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Angioedema occurs in less than 1-2% of the population and amongst these cases, those with acquired angioedema are less prevalent than hereditary angioedema. Amongst cases of acquired angioedema, studies have shown that they were highly linked with an associated lymphoproliferative disorder, suspected secondary to the production of neutralizing autoantibodies from pathological B cell proliferation. We present a case of a patient who presented with recurrent episodes of angioedema and was found to have low C4 and C1 esterase function, initially concerning for a hereditary angioedema variant, who was subsequently found to have marginal B cell lymphoma mimicking hereditary angioedema.
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25
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De Meyer F, Carlier A. Ecotin: A versatile protease inhibitor of bacteria and eukaryotes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1114690. [PMID: 36760512 PMCID: PMC9904509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are a large family of proteins involved in important pathways and processes, such as inflammatory responses and blood clotting. Most are characterized by a precise mode of action, thereby targeting a narrow range of protease substrates. However, the serine-protease inhibitor ecotin is able to inhibit a broad range of serine proteases that display a wide range of specificities. This specificity is driven by special structural features which allow unique flexibility upon binding to targets. Although frequently observed in many human/animal-associated bacteria, ecotin homologs may also be found in plant-associated taxa and environmental species. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the biological importance, role in host-microbe interactions, and evolutionary relationship between ecotin orthologs isolated from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic species across the Tree of Life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric De Meyer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Carlier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France,*Correspondence: Aurélien Carlier, ✉
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26
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Proteomic changes associated with maternal dietary low ω6:ω3 ratio in piglets supplemented with seaweed. Part I: Serum proteomes. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104740. [PMID: 36191802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether maternal low ω6:ω3 ratio diet and offspring SW supplementation can improve offspring immunity and performance by elucidating the effects on piglet serum proteome. A total of 16 sows were given either a standard (CR, 13:1) or low ω6:ω3 ratio diet (LR, 4:1) during pregnancy and lactation and their male weaned piglets were supplemented with SW powder (4 g/kg, SW) or not (CT) in a 21-day post-weaning (PW) diet. Four PW piglet groups were then identified based on dam and piglet treatment, namely CRCT, CRSW, LRCT, and LRSW (n = 10 each). Piglet serum collected at weaning and d21 PW were analysed (n = 5 each) using TMT-based quantitative proteomics and validated by appropriate assays. The differentially abundant proteins (n = 122) displayed positive effects of maternal LR diet on anti-inflammatory properties and innate immune stimulation. Progeny SW diet activated the innate immunity and enhance the host defence during inflammation. These data demonstrate the value of decreasing ω6:ω3 ratio in maternal diet and SW supplementation in PW piglet's diet to boost their immunity and anti-inflammation properties. SIGNIFICANCE: This novel proteomic study in post-weaned piglets addresses the interplay between maternal and offspring nutritional interventions in a context of rapid and dynamic alterations in piglet metabolic status around weaning. Decreasing ω6:ω3 ratio in maternal diet and SW supplementation in PW piglet's diet can boost their immunity and anti-inflammation properties. This study also provides new insights into piglet serum proteome regulation during post-weaning, a critical development period in swine.
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27
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Shafaati M, Zandi M. Human monkeypox (hMPXV) re-emergence: Host immunity status and current vaccines landscape. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28251. [PMID: 36271768 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus and the Poxviridae family. Orthopoxviruses are among the most intricate animal viruses. The pathogenicity of human monkeypox infection has been emphasized in response to its recent emergence in non-endemic countries and the threat of bioterrorism. It is always necessary to take appropriate precautions in exposure to emerging or re-emerging infections. Here, we focus on the current state of the human monkeypox infection outbreak, research & development of immune responses, and clinical interventions to prevent and treat the human monkeypox virus and other human poxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shafaati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
- Occupational Sleep Research, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Chakrovorty A, Bhattacharjee B, Saxena A, Samadder A, Nandi S. Current Naturopathy to Combat Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:808-841. [PMID: 36173068 PMCID: PMC10227918 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death. The most common neurodegenerative disorder in the brain happens with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. It ultimately leads to neuronal death, thereby impairing the normal functionality of the central or peripheral nervous system. The onset and prevalence of AD involve heterogeneous etiology, either in terms of genetic predisposition, neurometabolomic malfunctioning, or lifestyle. The worldwide relevancies are estimated to be over 45 million people. The rapid increase in AD has led to a concomitant increase in the research work directed towards discovering a lucrative cure for AD. The neuropathology of AD comprises the deficiency in the availability of neurotransmitters and important neurotrophic factors in the brain, extracellular betaamyloid plaque depositions, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Current pharmaceutical interventions utilizing synthetic drugs have manifested resistance and toxicity problems. This has led to the quest for new pharmacotherapeutic candidates naturally prevalent in phytochemicals. This review aims to provide an elaborative description of promising Phyto component entities having activities against various potential AD targets. Therefore, naturopathy may combine with synthetic chemotherapeutics to longer the survival of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnob Chakrovorty
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Banani Bhattacharjee
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Aaruni Saxena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur, 244713, India
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29
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Ran M, Shi Y, Li B, Xiang H, Tao M, Meng X, Li T, Li C, Bao J, Pan G, Zhou Z. Genome-Wide Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Serpin Gene Family in Microsporidian Nosema bombycis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010550. [PMID: 36613990 PMCID: PMC9820262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are ubiquitous in the environment, infecting almost all invertebrates, vertebrates, and some protists. The microsporidian Nosema bombycis causes silkworms pébrine disease and leads to huge economic losses. Parasite secreted proteins play vital roles in pathogen-host interactions. Serine protease inhibitors (serpins), belonging to the largest and most broadly distributed protease inhibitor superfamily, are also found in Microsporidia. In this study, we characterized 19 serpins (NbSPNs) in N. bombycis; eight of them were predicted with signal peptides. All NbSPN proteins contain a typical conserved serpin (PF00079) domain. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that microsporidia serpins were only found in the genus Nosema. In addition to N. bombycis, a total of 34 serpins were identified in another six species of Nosema including N. antheraeae (11), N. granulosis (8), Nosema sp. YNPr (3), Nosema sp. PM-1 (3), N. apis (4), and N. ceranae (5). Serpin gene duplications in tandem obviously occurred in Nosema antheranae. Notably, the NbSPNs were phylogenetically clustered with serpins from the Chordopoxvirinae, the subfamily of Poxvirus. All 19 NbSPN transcripts were detected in the infected midgut and fat body, while 19 NbSPN genes except for NbSPN12 were found in the transcriptome of the infected silkworm embryonic cell line BmE-SWU1. Our work paves the way for further study of serpin function in microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Boning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Heng Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meilin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
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Li GY, Yang L, Xiao KR, Song QS, Stanley D, Wei SJ, Zhu JY. Characterization and expression profiling of serine protease inhibitors in the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21948. [PMID: 35749627 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) act in diverse biological processes in insects such as immunity, development, and digestion by preventing the unwanted proteolysis. So far, the repertoire of genes encoding SPIs has been identified from few insect species. In this study, 62 SPI genes were identified from the genome of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. According to their modes of action, they were classified into three families, serpin (26), canonical SPI (31), and α-macroglobulins (A2M) (5). These SPIs feature eight domains including serpin, Kazal, TIL, Kunitz, WAP, Antistasin, pacifastin, and A2M. In total, 39 SPIs contain a single SPI domain, while the others encode at least two inhibitor units. Based on the amino acids in the cleaved reactive sites, the abilities of these SPIs to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase-like enzymes are predicted. The expression profiling based on the RNA-seq data showed that these genes displayed stage-specific expression patterns during development, suggesting to us their significance in development. Some of the SPI genes were exclusively expressed in particular tissues such as hemocyte, fat body, gut, ovary, and testis, which may be involved in biological processes specific to the indicated tissues. These findings provide necessary information for further investigation of insect SPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai-Ran Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Chou HH, Hsu CT, Hsu CW, Yao KH, Wang HC, Hsieh SY. Novel Algorithm for Improved Protein Classification Using Graph Similarity. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:3135-3143. [PMID: 34748498 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3125836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considerable sequence data are produced in genome annotation projects that relate to molecular levels, structural similarities, and molecular and biological functions. In structural genomics, the most essential task involves resolving protein structures efficiently with hardware or software, understanding these structures, and assigning their biological functions. Understanding the characteristics and functions of proteins enables the exploration of the molecular mechanisms of life. In this paper, we examine the problems of protein classification. Because they perform similar biological functions, proteins in the same family usually share similar structural characteristics. We employed this premise in designing a classification algorithm. In this algorithm, auxiliary graphs are used to represent proteins, with every amino acid in a protein to a vertex in a graph. Moreover, the links between amino acids correspond to the edges between the vertices. The proposed algorithm classifies proteins according to the similarities in their graphical structures. The proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate in distinguishing proteins from different families and outperformed related algorithms experimentally.
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Bravo-Pérez C, Toderici M, Chambers JE, Martínez-Menárguez JA, Garrido-Rodriguez P, Pérez-Sanchez H, de la Morena-Barrio B, Padilla J, Miñano A, Cifuentes-Riquelme R, Vicente V, Lozano ML, Marciniak SJ, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Corral J. Full-length antithrombin frameshift variant with aberrant C-terminus causes endoplasmic reticulum retention with a dominant-negative effect. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161430. [PMID: 36214221 PMCID: PMC9675572 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin, a major endogenous anticoagulant, is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). We characterized the biological and clinical impact of variants involving C-terminal antithrombin. We performed comprehensive molecular, cellular, and clinical characterization of patients with C-terminal antithrombin variants from a cohort of 444 unrelated individuals with confirmed antithrombin deficiency. We identified 17 patients carrying 12 C-terminal variants, 5 of whom had the p.Arg445Serfs*17 deletion. Five missense variants caused qualitative deficiency, and 7, including 4 insertion-deletion variants, induced severe quantitative deficiency, particularly p.Arg445Serfs*17 (antithrombin <40%). This +1 frameshift variant had a molecular size similar to that of WT antithrombin but possessed a different C-terminus. Morphologic and cotransfection experiments showed that recombinant p.Arg445Serfs*17 was retained at the endoplasmic reticulum and had a dominant-negative effect on WT antithrombin. Characterization of different 1+ frameshift, aberrant C-terminal variants revealed that protein secretion was determined by frameshift site. The introduction of Pro441 in the aberrant C-terminus, shared by 5 efficiently secreted variants, partially rescued p.Arg445Serfs*17 secretion. C-terminal antithrombin mutants have notable heterogeneity, related to variant type and localization. Aberrant C-terminal variants caused by 1+ frameshift, with similar size as WT antithrombin, may be secreted or not, depending on frameshift site. The severe clinical phenotypes of these genetic changes are consistent with their dominant-negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bravo-Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mara Toderici
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Martínez-Menárguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Garrido-Rodriguez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sanchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Belén de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Padilla
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Miñano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa Cifuentes-Riquelme
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria L. Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
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Li Y, Chen L, Huang R, Li Y, Yang C, Gui B, Li Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Grass carp SERPINA1 inhibits GCRV infection through degrading CF2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969517. [PMID: 36159797 PMCID: PMC9494734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SERPINA1, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, plays a role in viral infection and inflammation by regulating the activities of serine and cysteine proteases. To date, there have been no reports on the immune function of SERPINA1 in fishes. In this study, we first cloned the serpina1 gene of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and found that it could respond rapidly to the infection of Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), and overexpression of serpina1 could enhance the antiviral response of CIK cells. A polyclonal antibody of SERPINA1 was prepared, and the protein interacting with SERPINA1 was screened by CoIP/MS in grass carp hepatopancreas tissue. It was found that SERPINA1 interacted with coagulation factor 2 (CF2) and could degrade it in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of cf2 contributed to the infection of GCRV in CIK cells, whereas co-expression of serpina1 and cf2 in grass carp reduced the copy number of GCRV in cells. The results showed that grass carp SERPINA1 could inhibit GCRV infection by degrading CF2. This study proposes that SERPINA1 can inhibit viral infection through interaction with the coagulation factor, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of SERPINA1’s antiviral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Huang,
| | - Yangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mun SJ, Cho E, Kim JS, Yang CS. Pathogen-derived peptides in drug targeting and its therapeutic approach. J Control Release 2022; 350:716-733. [PMID: 36030988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptides, short stretches of amino acids or small proteins that occupy a strategic position between proteins and amino acids, are readily accessible by chemical and biological methods. With ideal properties for forming high-affinity and specific interactions with host target proteins, they have established an important niche in the drug development spectrum complementing small molecule and biological therapeutics. Among the most successful biomedicines in use today, peptide-based drugs show great promise. This, coupled with recent advances in synthetic and nanochemical biology, has led to the creation of tailor-made peptide therapeutics for improved biocompatibility. This review presents an overview of the latest research on pathogen-derived, host-cell-interacting peptides. It also highlights strategies for using peptide-based therapeutics that address cellular transport challenges through the introduction of nanoparticles that serve as platforms to facilitate the delivery of peptide biologics and therapeutics for treating various inflammatory diseases. Finally, this paper describes future perspectives, specific pathogen-based peptides that can enhance specificity, efficiency, and capacity in functional peptide-based therapeutics, which are in the spotlight as new treatment alternatives for various diseases, and also presents verified sequences and targets that can increase chemical and pharmacological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jun Mun
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Republic of Korea; Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Cho
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Republic of Korea; Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Li H, Wei J, Liu X, Zhang P, Lin J. Muse cells: ushering in a new era of stem cell-based therapy for stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:421. [PMID: 35986359 PMCID: PMC9389783 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStem cell-based regenerative therapies have recently become promising and advanced for treating stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have received the most attention for treating stroke because of the outstanding paracrine function of MSCs and the three-germ-layer differentiation ability of iPSCs. However, the unsatisfactory homing ability, differentiation, integration, and survival time in vivo limit the effectiveness of MSCs in regenerative medicine. The inherent tumorigenic property of iPSCs renders complete differentiation necessary before transplantation, which is complicated and expensive and affects the consistency among cell batches. Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are natural pluripotent stem cells in the connective tissues of nearly every organ and thus are considered nontumorigenic. A single Muse cell can differentiate into all three-germ-layer, preferentially migrate to damaged sites after transplantation, survive in hostile environments, and spontaneously differentiate into tissue-compatible cells, all of which can compensate for the shortcomings of MSCs and iPSCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the biological properties of Muse cells and highlights the differences between Muse cells and other types of stem cells. Finally, we summarized the current research progress on the application of Muse cells on stroke and challenges from bench to bedside.
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Zhong H, Zhou Z, Guo L, Liu FS, Wang X, Li J, Lv GH, Zou MX. SERPINA1 is a hub gene associated with intervertebral disc degeneration grade and affects the nucleus pulposus cell phenotype through the ADIRF-AS1/miR-214-3p axis. Transl Res 2022; 245:99-116. [PMID: 35196590 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs have been reported to participate in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progression. However, the key lncRNA-miRNA axis and its corresponding affected hub genes in IDD remain unknown. In this study, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was first used to determine the key gene cluster and hub genes implicated in IDD progression. The expression levels of ADIRF-AS1, miR-214-3p, and SERPINA1 in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were detected. The ADIRF-AS1/miR-214-3p/SERPINA1 axis was identified, and its effects on the proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis of NP cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. SERPINA1 overexpression in NP cells promoted cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis and senescence. Moreover, SERPINA1 regulated the IDD grade in rat models. The lncRNA ADIRF-AS1 was downregulated in high-grade degeneration NP tissues and positively correlated with SERPINA1. ADIRF-AS1 overexpression attenuated cellular degenerative changes in NP cells. miR-214-3p directly bound to SERPINA1 and ADIRF-AS1 and negatively regulated ADIRF-AS1 expression. miR-214-3p inhibition exerted similar effects on cellular degenerative changes in NP cells to SERPINA1 or ADIRF-AS1 overexpression. Furthermore, miR-214-3p overexpression partially reversed the effects of ADIRF-AS1 overexpression. Collectively, these data suggest that ADIRF-AS1 overexpression could mitigate IDD by binding to miR-214-3p to upregulate SERPINA1. Additional studies (especially those using an axial loading-induced IDD animal model) will be needed to further validate the role of the ADIRF-AS1/miR-214-3p/SERPINA1 signaling axis in IDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Lebin Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Ji J, Shen D, Zhang S, Wang L, An C. Serpin-4 Facilitates Baculovirus Infection by Inhibiting Melanization in Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Front Immunol 2022; 13:905357. [PMID: 35757693 PMCID: PMC9218052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoloxidase (PO)-catalyzed melanization is a vital immune response in insects for defense against pathogen infection. This process is mediated by clip domain serine proteases and regulated by members of the serpin superfamily. We here revealed that the infection of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) significantly inhibited the PO activity in Ostrinia furnacalis hemolymph and induced the expression of O. furnacalis serpin-4. Addition of recombinant serpin-4 protein to O. furnacalis hemolymph resulted in a great increase of AcMNPV copies. Serpin-4 significantly suppressed the PO activity and the amidase activity in cleaving colorimetric substrate IEARpNA (IEARase activity) of hemolymph. Further experiments indicated it formed covalent complexes with three serine proteases (SP1, SP13 and SP105) and prevented them from cleaving their cognate downstream proteases in vitro. Altogether, O. furnacalis melanization restricted AcMNPV replication and serpin-4 facilitated AcMNPV infection by inhibiting serine proteases, SP1, SP13, and SP105 which were all involved in the melanization response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Ji
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunju An
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Church FC. Suggestions on leading an academic research laboratory group. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:599-609. [PMID: 35800075 PMCID: PMC9202531 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary is about running an academic research laboratory group, including some reflections, memories, and tips on effectively managing such a group of scientists focused on one’s research. The author’s academic career has spanned from 1982 to 2022, including postdoctoral research associate through the rank of professor with tenure. Currently, the author is in the final year of 3 years of phased retirement. One must be willing to work hard at running a research laboratory. Also, stay focused on funding the laboratory tasks and publishing one’s work. Recruit the best people possible with advice from the collective laboratory group. Laboratory group members felt more like they were a part of a collective family than simply employees; however, what works best for the researcher is what matters. Several other points to discuss will include managing university roles, recruiting laboratory personnel, getting recognition, dealing with intellectual property rights, and publishing work. In closing, there are many more positives than negatives to leading a research laboratory group. Finally, one cannot replace the unforgettable memories and the legacy of a research laboratory group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C. Church
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abbas MN, Chlastáková A, Jmel MA, Iliaki-Giannakoudaki E, Chmelař J, Kotsyfakis M. Serpins in Tick Physiology and Tick-Host Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892770. [PMID: 35711658 PMCID: PMC9195624 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick saliva has been extensively studied in the context of tick-host interactions because it is involved in host homeostasis modulation and microbial pathogen transmission to the host. Accumulated knowledge about the tick saliva composition at the molecular level has revealed that serine protease inhibitors play a key role in the tick-host interaction. Serpins are one highly expressed group of protease inhibitors in tick salivary glands, their expression can be induced during tick blood-feeding, and they have many biological functions at the tick-host interface. Indeed, tick serpins have an important role in inhibiting host hemostatic processes and in the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses of their vertebrate hosts. Tick serpins have also been studied as potential candidates for therapeutic use and vaccine development. In this review, we critically summarize the current state of knowledge about the biological role of tick serpins in shaping tick-host interactions with emphasis on the mechanisms by which they modulate host immunity. Their potential use in drug and vaccine development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Adéla Chlastáková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Ticks, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Mohamed Amine Jmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jindřich Chmelař, ; Michail Kotsyfakis,
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jindřich Chmelař, ; Michail Kotsyfakis,
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Grover SP, Mackman N. Anticoagulant SERPINs: Endogenous Regulators of Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:878199. [PMID: 35592395 PMCID: PMC9110684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.878199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate activation of coagulation requires a balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins in blood. Loss in this balance leads to hemorrhage and thrombosis. A number of endogenous anticoagulant proteins, such as antithrombin and heparin cofactor II, are members of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) family. These SERPIN anticoagulants function by forming irreversible inhibitory complexes with target coagulation proteases. Mutations in SERPIN family members, such as antithrombin, can cause hereditary thrombophilias. In addition, low plasma levels of SERPINs have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Here, we review the biological activities of the different anticoagulant SERPINs. We further consider the clinical consequences of SERPIN deficiencies and insights gained from preclinical disease models. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of engineered SERPINs as novel therapies for the treatment of thrombotic pathologies.
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Anand D, Hummler E, Rickman OJ. ENaC activation by proteases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13811. [PMID: 35276025 PMCID: PMC9540061 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are fundamental for a plethora of biological processes, including signalling and tissue remodelling, and dysregulated proteolytic activity can result in pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on a subclass of membrane‐bound and soluble proteases that are defined as channel‐activating proteases (CAPs), since they induce Na+ ion transport through an autocrine mechanism when co‐expressed with the highly amiloride‐sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in Xenopus oocytes. These experiments first identified CAP1 (channel‐activating protease 1, prostasin) followed by CAP2 (channel‐activating protease 2, TMPRSS4) and CAP3 (channel‐activating protease 3, matriptase) as in vitro mediators of ENaC current. Since then, more serine‐, cysteine‐ and metalloproteases were confirmed as in vitro CAPs that potentially cleave and regulate ENaC, and thus this nomenclature was not further followed, but is accepted as functional term or alias. The precise mechanism of ENaC modulation by proteases has not been fully elucidated. Studies in organ‐specific protease knockout models revealed evidence for their role in increasing ENaC activity, although the proteases responsible for ENaC activation are yet to be identified. We summarize recent findings in animal models of these CAPs with respect to their implication in ENaC activation. We discuss the consequences of dysregulated CAPs underlying epithelial phenotypes in pathophysiological conditions, and the role of selected protease inhibitors. We believe that these proteases may present interesting therapeutic targets for diseases with aberrant sodium homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Anand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivia J. Rickman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH Lausanne Switzerland
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Zattoni M, Mearelli M, Vanni S, Colini Baldeschi A, Tran TH, Ferracin C, Catania M, Moda F, Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Zanusso G, Ironside JW, Ferrer I, Legname G. Serpin Signatures in Prion and Alzheimer's Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3778-3799. [PMID: 35416570 PMCID: PMC9148297 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serpins represent the most broadly distributed superfamily of proteases inhibitors. They contribute to a variety of physiological functions and any alteration of the serpin-protease equilibrium can lead to severe consequences. SERPINA3 dysregulation has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of serpin superfamily members in neurodegenerative diseases. SERPIN expression was analyzed in human frontal cortex samples from cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), patients at early stages of AD-related pathology, and age-matched controls not affected by neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, we studied whether Serpin expression was dysregulated in two animal models of prion disease and AD.Our analysis revealed that, besides the already observed upregulation of SERPINA3 in patients with prion disease and AD, SERPINB1, SERPINB6, SERPING1, SERPINH1, and SERPINI1 were dysregulated in sCJD individuals compared to controls, while only SERPINB1 was upregulated in AD patients. Furthermore, we analyzed whether other serpin members were differentially expressed in prion-infected mice compared to controls and, together with SerpinA3n, SerpinF2 increased levels were observed. Interestingly, SerpinA3n transcript and protein were upregulated in a mouse model of AD. The SERPINA3/SerpinA3nincreased anti-protease activity found in post-mortem brain tissue of AD and prion disease samples suggest its involvement in the neurodegenerative processes. A SERPINA3/SerpinA3n role in neurodegenerative disease-related protein aggregation was further corroborated by in vitro SerpinA3n-dependent prion accumulation changes. Our results indicate SERPINA3/SerpinA3n is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prion and prion-like neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zattoni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marika Mearelli
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Arianna Colini Baldeschi
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thanh Hoa Tran
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Chiara Ferracin
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - James W Ironside
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
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Gindlhuber J, Schinagl M, Liesinger L, Darnhofer B, Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Hepatocyte Proteome Alterations Induced by Individual and Combinations of Common Free Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3356. [PMID: 35328776 PMCID: PMC8951603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a pathology with a hard-to-detect onset and is estimated to be present in a quarter of the adult human population. To improve our understanding of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we treated a human hepatoma cell line model, HepG2, with increasing concentrations of common fatty acids, namely myristic, palmitic and oleic acid. To reproduce more physiologically representative conditions, we also included combinations of these fatty acids and monitored the cellular response with an in-depth proteomics approach and imaging techniques. The two saturated fatty acids initially presented a similar phenotype of a dose-dependent decrease in growth rates and impaired lipid droplet formation. Detailed analysis revealed that the drop in the growth rates was due to delayed cell-cycle progression following myristic acid treatment, whereas palmitic acid led to cellular apoptosis. In contrast, oleic acid, as well as saturated fatty acid mixtures with oleic acid, led to a dose-dependent increase in lipid droplet volume without adverse impacts on cell growth. Comparing the effects of harmful single-fatty-acid treatments and the well-tolerated fatty acid mixes on the cellular proteome, we were able to differentiate between fatty-acid-specific cellular responses and likely common lipotoxic denominators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Gindlhuber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maximilian Schinagl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
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Wang H, Hua J, Chen S, Chen Y. SERPINB1 overexpression protects myocardial damage induced by acute myocardial infarction through AMPK/mTOR pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:107. [PMID: 35291946 PMCID: PMC8925243 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SERPINB1 is involved in the development of a variety of diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of SERPINB1 on acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Serum SERPINB1 level of AMI patients was measured for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The AMI rat model was constructed to observe myocardial damage, and the H9C2 cell oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model was constructed to detect cell viability. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac function. TTC staining and HE staining were used to detect pathologic changes of myocardial tissues. The apoptosis of myocardial tissues and cells were measured by TUNLE staining and flow cytometry assay. CCK-8 assay to measure cell viability. SERPINB1 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was measured by western blot. Results The serum SERPINB1 level was down-regulated in AMI patients. AMI modeling reduced the SERPINB1 expression level, induced inflammatory cells infiltrated, and myocardial apoptosis. OGD treatment inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis. The AMPK/mTOR pathway was inhibited in AMI rats and OGD-treated H9C2 cells. Overexpression of SERPINB1 reduced infarct size and myocardial apoptosis of AMI rats, inhibited apoptosis of H9C2 cells, and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway. However, AMPK inhibitor Dorsomorphin reversed the protective effect of SERPINB1 on myocardial cells. Conclusion SERPINB1 overexpression relieved myocardial damage induced by AMI via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Cardiovasology, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gaotang County People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, 257091, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Shengli Oilfield, No. 31 Jinan Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Tibbs E, Cao X. Emerging Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of Granzyme B in Health and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1436. [PMID: 35326588 PMCID: PMC8946077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Granzyme (Gzm) family has classically been recognized as a cytotoxic tool utilized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells to illicit cell death to infected and cancerous cells. Their importance is established based on evidence showing that deficiencies in these cell death executors result in defective immune responses. Recent findings have shown the importance of Granzyme B (GzmB) in regulatory immune cells, which may contribute to tumor growth and immune evasion during cancer development. Other studies have shown that members of the Gzm family are important for biological processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and organized vascular degradation. With this growing body of evidence, it is becoming more important to understand the broader function of Gzm's rather than a specific executor of cell death, and we should be aware of the many alternative roles that Gzm's play in physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, we review the classical as well as novel non-canonical functions of GzmB and discuss approaches to utilize these new findings to address current gaps in our understanding of the immune system and tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Tibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zani MB, Sant'Ana AM, Tognato RC, Chagas JR, Puzer L. Human Tissue Kallikreins-Related Peptidases Are Targets for the Treatment of Skin Desquamation Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:777619. [PMID: 35356049 PMCID: PMC8959125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.777619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissue Kallikrein-related peptidases (hKLKs) are serine proteases distributed in several tissues that are involved in several biological processes. In skin, many are responsible for skin desquamation in the Stratum Corneum (SC) of the epidermis, specially hKLK5, hKLK7, hKLK6, hKLK8, and hKLK14. In SC, hKLKs cleave proteins of corneodesmosomes, an important structure responsible to maintain corneocytes attached. As part of skin desquamation, hKLKs are also involved in skin diseases with abnormal desquamation and inflammation, such as Atopic Dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and the rare disease Netherton Syndrome (NS). Many studies point to hKLK overexpression or overactive in skin diseases, and they are also part of the natural skin inflammation process, through the PAR2 cleavage pathway. Therefore, the control of hKLK activity may offer successful treatments for skin diseases, improving the quality of life in patients. Diseases like AD, Psoriasis, and NS have an impact on social life, causing pain, itchy and mental disorders. In this review, we address the molecular mechanisms of skin desquamation, emphasizing the roles of human tissue Kallikrein-related peptidases, and the promising therapies targeting the inhibition of hKLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B. Zani
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Aquiles M. Sant'Ana
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Tognato
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Jair R. Chagas
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Puzer
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciano Puzer
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Godinez A, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Sharma S, You Y, Pushpitha K, Dhiman K, Mirzaei M, Graham S, Gupta V. Neuroserpin, a crucial regulator for axogenesis, synaptic modelling and cell-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:172. [PMID: 35244780 PMCID: PMC8897380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is an axonally secreted serpin that is involved in regulating plasminogen and its enzyme activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The protein has been increasingly shown to play key roles in neuronal development, plasticity, maturation and synaptic refinement. The proteinase inhibitor may function both independently and through tPA-dependent mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence regarding the role of neuroserpin in healthy and diseased conditions and highlight the participation of the serpin in various cellular signalling pathways. Several polymorphisms and mutations have also been identified in the protein that may affect the serpin conformation, leading to polymer formation and its intracellular accumulation. The current understanding of the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, glaucoma, stroke, neuropsychiatric disorders and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is presented. To truly understand the detrimental consequences of neuroserpin dysfunction and the effective therapeutic targeting of this molecule in pathological conditions, a cross-disciplinary understanding of neuroserpin alterations and its cellular signaling networks is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Rios-Díez JD, Meriño-Cabrera Y, Silva-Junior NR, de Almeida Barros R, Aguilar de Oliveira J, Josué de Oliveira Ramos H, Goreti de Almeida Oliveira M. Novel proteinase inhibitor from the hemolymph of soybean pest Anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidóptera: Noctuidae): Structural modeling and enzymatic kinetic. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21864. [PMID: 34982841 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
New approaches are needed to reduce risks to the environment and natural enemies and to avoid or delay the onset of insecticide resistance. The use of insecticides based on proteinase inhibitors of hemolymph is an alternative for the control of Lepidoptera pests primarily by having low toxicity and short persistence in the environment. Thus, in this study, we describe the purification process and identification of protease inhibitors from hemolymph Anticarsia gemmatalis and their activities against trypsin enzymes. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the inhibitor and binding mode to trypsin enzymes was determined, and the stability of the inhibitory activity in several pHs and temperature values was evaluated. The inhibitor was characterized as a serpin family inhibitor and named A. gemmatalis hemolymph serpin inhibitor (AHSI), with an approximate mass of 38 ± 2 kDa, highly stable to temperature and pH variations, and with inhibitory capacity on bovine trypsin and gut trypsin of A. gemmatalis demonstrated by calculated Ki values and affinity energy through molecular docking, being a reversible competitive inhibitor that binds to the active site of trypsin-like enzymes. We conclude that the AHSI inhibitor identified from the hemolymph of the soybean pest A. gemmatalis preserves the original structure of the serpin family with a good overall stereochemical quality confirmed from molecular modeling. The docking analysis showed that the reactive site of the inhibitor is in contact with the catalytic cavity of the trypsin with high-affinity energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Rios-Díez
- Deparment of Entomology, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yaremis Meriño-Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael de Almeida Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Aguilar de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Center of Analysis of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bouton MC, Corral J, Lucas AR. Editorial: The Serpin Family in the Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:821490. [PMID: 35187116 PMCID: PMC8847448 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.821490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Bouton
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Université de Paris, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Marie-Christine Bouton
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Thuy-Boun PS, Wang AY, Crissien-Martinez A, Xu JH, Chatterjee S, Stupp GS, Su AI, Coyle WJ, Wolan DW. Quantitative metaproteomics and activity-based protein profiling of patient fecal microbiome identifies host and microbial serine-type endopeptidase activity associated with ulcerative colitis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100197. [PMID: 35033677 PMCID: PMC8941213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important yet incompletely understood role in the induction and propagation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Organism-level efforts to identify UC-associated microbes have revealed the importance of community structure, but less is known about the molecular effectors of disease. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing in parallel with label-free data-dependent LC-MS/MS proteomics to characterize the stool microbiomes of healthy (n = 8) and UC (n = 10) patients. Comparisons of taxonomic composition between techniques revealed major differences in community structure partially attributable to the additional detection of host, fungal, viral, and food peptides by metaproteomics. Differential expression analysis of metaproteomic data identified 176 significantly enriched protein groups between healthy and UC patients. Gene ontology analysis revealed several enriched functions with serine-type endopeptidase activity overrepresented in UC patients. Using a biotinylated fluorophosphonate probe and streptavidin-based enrichment, we show that serine endopeptidases are active in patient fecal samples and that additional putative serine hydrolases are detectable by this approach compared with unenriched profiling. Finally, as metaproteomic databases expand, they are expected to asymptotically approach completeness. Using ComPIL and de novo peptide sequencing, we estimate the size of the probable peptide space unidentified (“dark peptidome”) by our large database approach to establish a rough benchmark for database sufficiency. Despite high variability inherent in patient samples, our analysis yielded a catalog of differentially enriched proteins between healthy and UC fecal proteomes. This catalog provides a clinically relevant jumping-off point for further molecular-level studies aimed at identifying the microbial underpinnings of UC. Identified 176 significantly altered protein groups between healthy and UC patients. Serine-type endopeptidase activity is overrepresented in UC patients. Fluorophosphonate ABPP shows that endopeptidases are active in fecal samples. ABPP enrichment helps identify additional putative serine hydrolases in samples. De novo sequencing used to estimate number of MS2 spectra unidentified by ComPIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Thuy-Boun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ana Y Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Janice H Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gregory S Stupp
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Walter J Coyle
- Scripps Clinic Gastroenterology Division, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
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