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Songdech P, Butkinaree C, Yingchutrakul Y, Promdonkoy P, Runguphan W, Soontorngun N. Increased production of isobutanol from xylose through metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae overexpressing transcription factor Znf1 and exogenous genes. FEMS Yeast Res 2024; 24:foae006. [PMID: 38331422 PMCID: PMC10878408 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Only trace amount of isobutanol is produced by the native Saccharomyces cerevisiae via degradation of amino acids. Despite several attempts using engineered yeast strains expressing exogenous genes, catabolite repression of glucose must be maintained together with high activity of downstream enzymes, involving iron-sulfur assimilation and isobutanol production. Here, we examined novel roles of nonfermentable carbon transcription factor Znf1 in isobutanol production during xylose utilization. RNA-seq analysis showed that Znf1 activates genes in valine biosynthesis, Ehrlich pathway and iron-sulfur assimilation while coupled deletion or downregulated expression of BUD21 further increased isobutanol biosynthesis from xylose. Overexpression of ZNF1 and xylose-reductase/dehydrogenase (XR-XDH) variants, a xylose-specific sugar transporter, xylulokinase, and enzymes of isobutanol pathway in the engineered S. cerevisiae pho13gre3Δ strain resulted in the superb ZNXISO strain, capable of producing high levels of isobutanol from xylose. The isobutanol titer of 14.809 ± 0.400 g/L was achieved, following addition of 0.05 g/L FeSO4.7H2O in 5 L bioreactor. It corresponded to 155.88 mg/g xylose consumed and + 264.75% improvement in isobutanol yield. This work highlights a new regulatory control of alternative carbon sources by Znf1 on various metabolic pathways. Importantly, we provide a foundational step toward more sustainable production of advanced biofuels from the second most abundant carbon source xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanan Songdech
- Excellent Research Laboratory for Yeast Innovation, Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Butkinaree
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Peerada Promdonkoy
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Weerawat Runguphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- Excellent Research Laboratory for Yeast Innovation, Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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2
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Gupta P, Mansuri R, Priydarshni P, Behera S, Zaidi A, Nehar S, Sahoo GC, Pandey K, Ali V. Interaction between Cfd1 and Nbp35 proteins involved in cytosolic FeS cluster assembly machinery deciphers a stable complexation in Leishmania donovani. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127073. [PMID: 37774824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is the causative unicellular parasite for visceral leishmaniasis (VL); and FeS proteins are likely to be very essential for their survival and viability. Cytosolic FeS cluster assembly (CIA) machinery is one of the four systems for the biosynthesis and transfer of FeS clusters among eukaryotes; Cfd1 and Nbp35 are the scaffold components for cytosolic FeS cluster biogenesis. We investigated the role of CIA machinery components and purified Cfd1 and Nbp35 proteins of L. donovani. We also investigated the interactive nature between LdCfd1 and LdNbp35 proteins by in silico analysis, in vitro co-purification, pull down assays along with in vivo immuno-precipitation; which inferred that both LdCfd1 and LdNbp35 proteins are interacting with each other. Thus, our collective data revealed the interaction between these two proteins which forms a stable complex that can be attributed to the cellular process of FeS clusters biogenesis, and transfer to target apo-proteins of L. donovani. The expression of Cfd1 and Nbp35 proteins in Amp B resistant parasites is up-regulated leading to increased amount of FeS proteins. Hence, it favors increased tolerance towards ROS level, which helps parasites survival under drug pressure contributing in Amphotericin B resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parool Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Rani Mansuri
- Department of Bio-informatics, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Priya Priydarshni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Sachidananda Behera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Amir Zaidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Shamshun Nehar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Bio-informatics, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, India.
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Hayashi S, Iwamoto K, Yoshihisa T. A non-canonical Puf3p-binding sequence regulates CAT5/COQ7 mRNA under both fermentable and respiratory conditions in budding yeast. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295659. [PMID: 38100455 PMCID: PMC10723686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses a highly glycolytic metabolism, if glucose is available, through appropriately suppressing mitochondrial functions except for some of them such as Fe/S cluster biogenesis. Puf3p, a Pumillio family protein, plays a pivotal role in modulating mitochondrial activity, especially during fermentation, by destabilizing its target mRNAs and/or by repressing their translation. Puf3p preferentially binds to 8-nt conserved binding sequences in the 3'-UTR of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (nc-mitochondrial) mRNAs, leading to broad effects on gene expression under fermentable conditions. To further explore how Puf3p post-transcriptionally regulates nc-mitochondrial mRNAs in response to cell growth conditions, we initially focused on nc-mitochondrial mRNAs known to be enriched in monosomes in a glucose-rich environment. We unexpectedly found that one of the monosome-enriched mRNAs, CAT5/COQ7 mRNA, directly interacts with Puf3p through its non-canonical Puf3p binding sequence, which is generally less considered as a Puf3p binding site. Western blot analysis showed that Puf3p represses translation of Cat5p, regardless of culture in fermentable or respiratory medium. In vitro binding assay confirmed Puf3p's direct interaction with CAT5 mRNA via this non-canonical Puf3p-binding site. Although cat5 mutants of the non-canonical Puf3p-binding site grow normally, Cat5p expression is altered, indicating that CAT5 mRNA is a bona fide Puf3p target with additional regulatory factors acting through this sequence. Unlike other yeast PUF proteins, Puf3p uniquely regulates Cat5p by destabilizing mRNA and repressing translation, shedding new light on an unknown part of the Puf3p regulatory network. Given that pathological variants of human COQ7 lead to CoQ10 deficiency and yeast cat5Δ can be complemented by hCOQ7, our findings may also offer some insights into clinical aspects of COQ7-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoshihisa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
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4
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Hider RC, Pourzand C, Ma Y, Cilibrizzi A. Optical Imaging Opportunities to Inspect the Nature of Cytosolic Iron Pools. Molecules 2023; 28:6467. [PMID: 37764245 PMCID: PMC10537325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical nature of intracellular labile iron pools (LIPs) is described. By virtue of the kinetic lability of these pools, it is suggested that the isolation of such species by chromatography methods will not be possible, but rather mass spectrometric techniques should be adopted. Iron-sensitive fluorescent probes, which have been developed for the detection and quantification of LIP, are described, including those specifically designed to monitor cytosolic, mitochondrial, and lysosomal LIPs. The potential of near-infrared (NIR) probes for in vivo monitoring of LIP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Charles Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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5
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Metformin inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma progression through regulating RNA alternative splicing. Life Sci 2023; 315:121274. [PMID: 36509195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered as the sixth most common cancer worldwide characterized by high invasiveness, high metastasis rate and high mortality. It is urgent to explore novel therapeutic strategies to overcome this feature. Metformin is currently a strong candidate anti-tumor drug in multiple cancers. However, whether metformin could inhibit cancer progression by regulating RNA alternative splicing remains largely unknown. MAIN METHODS Cell proliferation and growth ability of CAL-27 and UM-SCC6 were analyzed by CCK8 and colony formation assays. Cell migration was judged by wound healing assay. Mechanistically, RNA-seq was applied to systematically identify genes that are regulated by metformin. The expression of metformin-regulated genes was determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Metformin-regulated alternative splicing events were confirmed by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that metformin could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, in addition to transcriptional regulation, metformin induces a wide range of alternative splicing alteration, including genes involved in centrosome, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, GTPase binding, histone modification, catalytic activity, regulation of cell cycle process and ATPase complex. Notably, metformin specifically modulates the splicing of NUBP2, a component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA). Briefly, metformin favors the production of NUBP2-L, the long splicing isoform of NUBP2, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide mechanistic insights of metformin on RNA alternative splicing regulation, thus to offer a potential novel route for metformin to inhibit cancer progression.
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6
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Jansing M, Mielenbrink S, Rosenbach H, Metzger S, Span I. Maturation strategy influences expression levels and cofactor occupancy in Fe-S proteins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:187-204. [PMID: 36527507 PMCID: PMC9981529 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are ubiquitous cofactors required for fundamental biological processes. Structural and spectroscopic analysis of Fe-S proteins is often limited by low cluster occupancy in recombinantly produced proteins. In this work, we report a systematic comparison of different maturation strategies for three well-established [4Fe-4S] proteins. Aconitase B, HMBPP reductase (IspH), and quinolinate synthase (NadA) were used as model proteins as they have previously been characterized. The protein production strategies include expression of the gene of interest in BL21(DE3) cells, maturation of the apo protein using chemical or semi-enzymatic reconstitution, co-expression with two different plasmids containing the iron-sulfur cluster (isc) or sulfur formation (suf) operon, a cell strain lacking IscR, the transcriptional regulator of the ISC machinery, and an engineered "SufFeScient" derivative of BL21(DE3). Our results show that co-expression of a Fe-S biogenesis pathway influences the protein yield and the cluster content of the proteins. The presence of the Fe-S cluster is contributing to correct folding and structural stability of the proteins. In vivo maturation reduces the formation of Fe-S aggregates, which occur frequently when performing chemical reconstitution. Furthermore, we show that the in vivo strategies can be extended to the radical SAM protein ThnB, which was previously only maturated by chemical reconstitution. Our results shed light on the differences of in vitro and in vivo Fe-S cluster maturation and points out the pitfalls of chemical reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jansing
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Mielenbrink
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Rosenbach
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- MS-Platform Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingrid Span
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Bioanorganische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Hinton TV, Batelu S, Gleason N, Stemmler TL. Molecular characteristics of proteins within the mitochondrial Fe-S cluster assembly complex. Micron 2021; 153:103181. [PMID: 34823116 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential for life, as they are widely utilized in nearly every biochemical pathway. When bound to proteins, Fe-S clusters assist in catalysis, signal recognition, and energy transfer events, as well as additional cellular pathways including cellular respiration and DNA repair and replication. In Eukaryotes, Fe-S clusters are produced through coordinated activity by mitochondrial Iron-Sulfur Cluster (ISC) assembly pathway proteins through direct assembly, or through the production of the activated sulfur substrate used by the Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly (CIA) pathway. In the mitochondria, Fe-S cluster assembly is accomplished through the coordinated activity of the ISC pathway protein complex composed of a cysteine desulfurase, a scaffold protein, the accessory ISD11 protein, the acyl carrier protein, frataxin, and a ferredoxin; downstream events that accomplish Fe-S cluster transfer and delivery are driven by additional chaperone/delivery proteins that interact with the ISC assembly complex. Deficiency in human production or activity of Fe-S cluster containing proteins is often detrimental to cell and organism viability. Here we summarize what is known about the structure and functional activities of the proteins involved in the early steps of assembling [2Fe-2S] clusters before they are transferred to proteins devoted to their delivery. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of how the ISC assembly apparatus proteins interact to make the Fe-S cluster which can be delivered to proteins downstream to the assembly event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara V Hinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Sharon Batelu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Noah Gleason
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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8
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Shi R, Hou W, Wang ZQ, Xu X. Biogenesis of Iron-Sulfur Clusters and Their Role in DNA Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735678. [PMID: 34660592 PMCID: PMC8514734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron–sulfur (Fe/S) clusters (ISCs) are redox-active protein cofactors that their synthesis, transfer, and insertion into target proteins require many components. Mitochondrial ISC assembly is the foundation of all cellular ISCs in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrial ISC cooperates with the cytosolic Fe/S protein assembly (CIA) systems to accomplish the cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S clusters maturation. ISCs are needed for diverse cellular functions, including nitrogen fixation, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory pathways, and ribosome assembly. Recent research advances have confirmed the existence of different ISCs in enzymes that regulate DNA metabolism, including helicases, nucleases, primases, DNA polymerases, and glycosylases. Here we outline the synthesis of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear ISCs and highlight their functions in DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Shi
- Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenya Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Falekun S, Sepulveda J, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Park H, Wohlschlegel JA, Sigala PA. Divergent acyl carrier protein decouples mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biogenesis from fatty acid synthesis in malaria parasites. eLife 2021; 10:71636. [PMID: 34612205 PMCID: PMC8547962 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells retain a mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway whose acyl carrier protein (mACP) and 4-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) prosthetic group provide a soluble scaffold for acyl chain synthesis and biochemically couple FASII activity to mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) assembly and Fe-S cluster biogenesis. In contrast, the mitochondrion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites lacks FASII enzymes yet curiously retains a divergent mACP lacking a Ppant group. We report that ligand-dependent knockdown of mACP is lethal to parasites, indicating an essential FASII-independent function. Decyl-ubiquinone rescues parasites temporarily from death, suggesting a dominant dysfunction of the mitochondrial ETC. Biochemical studies reveal that Plasmodium mACP binds and stabilizes the Isd11-Nfs1 complex required for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, despite lacking the Ppant group required for this association in other eukaryotes, and knockdown of parasite mACP causes loss of Nfs1 and the Rieske Fe-S protein in ETC complex III. This work reveals that Plasmodium parasites have evolved to decouple mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biogenesis from FASII activity, and this adaptation is a shared metabolic feature of other apicomplexan pathogens, including Toxoplasma and Babesia. This discovery unveils an evolutionary driving force to retain interaction of mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biogenesis with ACP independent of its eponymous function in FASII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyi Falekun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jaime Sepulveda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Hahnbeom Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Paul A Sigala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
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10
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Duran L, López JM, Avalos JL. ¡Viva la mitochondria!: harnessing yeast mitochondria for chemical production. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5863938. [PMID: 32592388 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, offer a unique physicochemical environment enriched with a distinct set of enzymes, metabolites and cofactors ready to be exploited for metabolic engineering. In this review, we discuss how the mitochondrion has been engineered in the traditional sense of metabolic engineering or completely bypassed for chemical production. We then describe the more recent approach of harnessing the mitochondria to compartmentalize engineered metabolic pathways, including for the production of alcohols, terpenoids, sterols, organic acids and other valuable products. We explain the different mechanisms by which mitochondrial compartmentalization benefits engineered metabolic pathways to boost chemical production. Finally, we discuss the key challenges that need to be overcome to expand the applicability of mitochondrial engineering and reach the full potential of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisset Duran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - José Montaño López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - José L Avalos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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11
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The Multifaceted Regulation of Mitochondria in Ferroptosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030222. [PMID: 33801920 PMCID: PMC8001967 DOI: 10.3390/life11030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is characterized as a novel form of regulated cell death, which is initiated by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cellular labile free iron. This iron driven cell death sharply differs from other well characterized forms of regulated cell death at morphological, genetic and biochemical levels. Increasing research has elaborated a high relevance between dysregulated ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and organs injury in human patients. Additionally, targeted induction of ferroptosis is considered as a potentially therapeutic design for the clinical intervention of other therapy-resistant cancers. It is well understood that mitochondria, the cellular powerhouse, determine several types of regulated cell death. Recently, compromised mitochondrial morphology and functionalities have been primarily formulated in ferroptosis. Several mitochondria associated proteins and metabolic processes have been elaborated to fine-tune ferroptotic program. Herein, we critically review the recent advances in this booming field, with focus on summarizing the multifaceted mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis and providing a perspective on the potential biochemical basis. Finally, we are attempting to shed light on an integrative view on the possibility of mitochondria- and ferroptosis-targeting therapeutics as novel treatment designs for the intervention of ferroptosis related diseases.
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12
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Hider R, Aviles MV, Chen YL, Latunde-Dada GO. The Role of GSH in Intracellular Iron Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031278. [PMID: 33525417 PMCID: PMC7865746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is reviewed for the role of glutathione in providing a ligand for the cytosolic iron pool. The possibility of histidine and carnosine forming ternary complexes with iron(II)glutathione is discussed and the physiological significance of these interactions considered. The role of carnosine in muscle, brain, and kidney physiology is far from established and evidence is presented that the iron(II)-binding capability of carnosine relates to this role.
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13
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Braymer JJ, Freibert SA, Rakwalska-Bange M, Lill R. Mechanistic concepts of iron-sulfur protein biogenesis in Biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118863. [PMID: 33007329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins are present in virtually all living organisms and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, metabolic reactions, nitrogen fixation, radical biochemistry, protein synthesis, antiviral defense, and genome maintenance. Their versatile functions may go back to the proposed role of their Fe/S cofactors in the origin of life as efficient catalysts and electron carriers. More than two decades ago, it was discovered that the in vivo synthesis of cellular Fe/S clusters and their integration into polypeptide chains requires assistance by complex proteinaceous machineries, despite the fact that Fe/S proteins can be assembled chemically in vitro. In prokaryotes, three Fe/S protein biogenesis systems are known; ISC, SUF, and the more specialized NIF. The former two systems have been transferred by endosymbiosis from bacteria to mitochondria and plastids, respectively, of eukaryotes. In their cytosol, eukaryotes use the CIA machinery for the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins. Despite the structural diversity of the protein constituents of these four machineries, general mechanistic concepts underlie the complex process of Fe/S protein biogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative overview of the various known biogenesis systems in Biology, and summarizes their common or diverging molecular mechanisms, thereby illustrating both the conservation and diverse adaptions of these four machineries during evolution and under different lifestyles. Knowledge of these fundamental biochemical pathways is not only of basic scientific interest, but is important for the understanding of human 'Fe/S diseases' and can be used in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Braymer
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Freibert
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany; SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Wu H, Wei H, Zhang D, Sehgal SA, Zhang D, Wang X, Qin Y, Liu L, Chen Q. Defective mitochondrial ISCs biogenesis switches on IRP1 to fine tune selective mitophagy. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101661. [PMID: 32795936 PMCID: PMC7426581 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both iron metabolism and mitophagy, a selective mitochondrial degradation process via autolysosomal pathway, are fundamental for the cellular well-being. Mitochondria are the major site for iron metabolism, especially the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) via the mitochondria-localized ISCs assembly machinery. Here we report that mitochondrial ISCs biogenesis is coupled with receptor-mediated mitophagy in mammalian cells. Perturbation of mitochondrial ISCs biogenesis, either by depleting iron with the iron chelator or by knocking down the core components of the mitochondrial ISCs assembly machinery, triggers FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy. IRP1, one of the cellular iron sensors to maintain iron homeostasis, is crucial for iron stresses induced mitophagy. Knockdown of IRP1 disturbed iron stresses induced mitophagy. Furthermore, IRP1 could bind to a newly characterized IRE in the 5’ untranslated region of the Bcl-xL mRNA and suppress its translation. Bcl-xL is an intrinsic inhibitory protein of the mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of FUNDC1 for mitophagy activation. Alterations of the IRP1/Bcl-xL axis navigate iron stresses induced mitophagy. We conclude that ISCs serve as physiological signals for mitophagy activation, thus coupling mitophagy with iron metabolism. Perturbation of ISCs biogenesis triggers FUNDC1 dependent mitophagy. IRP1 targets a newly characterized IRE in Bcl-xL mRNA to suppress its translation. IRP1/Bcl-xL axis navigates iron stresses induced mitophagy and dominates mitochondrial redox response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Huifang Wei
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; COMSATS University, Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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15
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Maione V, Grifagni D, Torricella F, Cantini F, Banci L. CIAO3 protein forms a stable ternary complex with two key players of the human cytosolic iron–sulfur cluster assembly machinery. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:501-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Behour TS, Aboelhadid SM, Mousa WM, Amin AS, El-Ashram SA. Molecular diagnosis of acute and chronic infection of Trypanosoma evansi in experimental male and female mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e1-e10. [PMID: 31478734 PMCID: PMC6739528 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi is enzootic in camels in Egypt, and water buffaloes act as a reservoir for camel infection. Molecular techniques have contributed towards understanding the epidemiology of T. evansi. Trypanosoma evansi was detected in acute and chronic stages of the disease in male and female mice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primers. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, two groups consisting of 26 female and 26 male mice received 104 trypanosome by I/P inoculation for each mouse. In experiment II, 42 female and 42 male mice were inoculated I/P with 102 trypanosome/mouse. In addition, five mice were kept as uninfected control for each group. Mice were monitored daily for parasitaemia level during the pre-patent period using the micro-haematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and conventional PCR. The primer pairs, (Trypanosoma brucei) TBR1/2 and TeRoTat1.2 (T. evansi Rode Trypanozoon antigen type [RoTat] 1.2), detected the infection after 24 hours earlier than MHCT in both experiments. The course of infection that was detected by MHCT revealed three waves of parasitaemia in female mice and two waves in male mice in the chronic stage of infection. In addition, PCR was able to detect T. evansi in different organs in the chronic stage (i.e. disappearance of parasite from blood). Application of the two primer sets on blood samples from camels showed that all samples were positive by TBR1/2 primers and only 32 of 44 were positive by TeRoTat1.2 primers. Acutely and chronically Trypanosoma-infected mice were detected by PCR in blood and organs. TBR1/2 primers were more sensitive than TeRoTat1.2 primers in detecting Trypanosoma-infected mice, and more reliable in detecting field-infected camels and excluding carrier animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani S Behour
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza.
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17
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Bai Y, Chen T, Happe T, Lu Y, Sawyer A. Iron-sulphur cluster biogenesis via the SUF pathway. Metallomics 2019; 10:1038-1052. [PMID: 30019043 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulphur (Fe-S) clusters are versatile cofactors, which are essential for key metabolic processes in cells, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and which may have also played a crucial role in establishing life on Earth. They can be found in almost all living organisms, from unicellular prokaryotes and archaea to multicellular animals and plants, and exist in diverse forms. This review focuses on the most ancient Fe-S cluster assembly system, the sulphur utilization factor (SUF) mechanism, which is crucial in bacteria for cell survival under stress conditions such as oxidation and iron starvation, and which is also present in the chloroplasts of green microalgae and plants, where it is responsible for plastidial Fe-S protein maturation. We explain the SUF Fe-S cluster assembly process, the proteins involved, their regulation and provide evolutionary insights. We specifically focus on examples from Fe-S cluster synthesis in the model organisms Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana and discuss in an in vivo context the assembly of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase H-cluster from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bai
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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18
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Palmer-Brown W, Miranda-CasoLuengo R, Wolfe KH, Byrne KP, Murphy CD. The CYPome of the model xenobiotic-biotransforming fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9240. [PMID: 31239505 PMCID: PMC6592952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Cunninghamella elegans is recognised as a microbial model of mammalian drug metabolism owing to its ability to catabolise xenobiotic compounds in an analogous fashion to animals. Its ability to produce phase I (oxidative) metabolites of drugs is associated with cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity; however, almost nothing is known about these enzymes in the fungus. In this paper we report the in silico analysis of the genome sequence of C. elegans B9769, which contains 32 genes putatively coding for CYPs. Based on their predicted amino acid sequences these were classified as belonging to CYP509, 5203, 5208, 5313, 5210, 61 and 51 families. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that the gene coding for CYP5313D1 was significantly upregulated when C. elegans DSM1908 was cultivated in sabouraud dextrose in contrast to its expression in cells grown in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium. This corresponded to the fungus' xenobiotic biotransformation ability when grown in the two media. Heterologous expression of cyp5313D1 in Pichia pastoris resulted in a recombinant strain that biotransformed flurbiprofen to 4'-hydroxyflurbiprofen, the same metabolite generated by C. elegans cultures. This is the first report of a xenobiotic-biotransforming CYP from this biotechnologically important fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Palmer-Brown
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Raúl Miranda-CasoLuengo
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H Wolfe
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Kevin P Byrne
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
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19
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Vacek V, Novák LVF, Treitli SC, Táborský P, Cepicka I, Kolísko M, Keeling PJ, Hampl V. Fe-S Cluster Assembly in Oxymonads and Related Protists. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:2712-2718. [PMID: 30184127 PMCID: PMC6231488 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxymonad Monocercomonoides exilis was recently reported to be the first eukaryote that has completely lost the mitochondrial compartment. It was proposed that an important prerequisite for such a radical evolutionary step was the acquisition of the SUF Fe–S cluster assembly pathway from prokaryotes, making the mitochondrial ISC pathway dispensable. We have investigated genomic and transcriptomic data from six oxymonad species and their relatives, composing the group Preaxostyla (Metamonada, Excavata), for the presence and absence of enzymes involved in Fe–S cluster biosynthesis. None possesses enzymes of mitochondrial ISC pathway and all apparently possess the SUF pathway, composed of SufB, C, D, S, and U proteins, altogether suggesting that the transition from ISC to SUF preceded their last common ancestor. Interestingly, we observed that SufDSU were fused in all three oxymonad genomes, and in the genome of Paratrimastix pyriformis. The donor of the SUF genes is not clear from phylogenetic analyses, but the enzyme composition of the pathway and the presence of SufDSU fusion suggests Firmicutes, Thermotogae, Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, or Chloroflexi as donors. The inventory of the downstream CIA pathway enzymes is consistent with that of closely related species that retain ISC, indicating that the switch from ISC to SUF did not markedly affect the downstream process of maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe–S proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Vacek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš V F Novák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian C Treitli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Táborský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Cepicka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kolísko
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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20
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Mayank AK, Pandey V, Vashisht AA, Barshop WD, Rayatpisheh S, Sharma T, Haque T, Powers DN, Wohlschlegel JA. An Oxygen-Dependent Interaction between FBXL5 and the CIA-Targeting Complex Regulates Iron Homeostasis. Mol Cell 2019; 75:382-393.e5. [PMID: 31229404 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The iron-sensing protein FBXL5 is the substrate adaptor for a SKP1-CUL1-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates the degradation of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs). Here, we describe a mechanism of FBXL5 regulation involving its interaction with the cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly (CIA) targeting complex composed of MMS19, FAM96B, and CIAO1. We demonstrate that the CIA-targeting complex promotes the ability of FBXL5 to degrade IRPs. In addition, the FBXL5-CIA-targeting complex interaction is regulated by oxygen (O2) tension displaying a robust association in 21% O2 that is severely diminished in 1% O2 and contributes to O2-dependent regulation of IRP degradation. Together, these data identify a novel oxygen-dependent signaling axis that links IRP-dependent iron homeostasis with the Fe-S cluster assembly machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh K Mayank
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vijaya Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajay A Vashisht
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William D Barshop
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shima Rayatpisheh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tisha Haque
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David N Powers
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Grossman JD, Gay KA, Camire EJ, Walden WE, Perlstein DL. Coupling Nucleotide Binding and Hydrolysis to Iron-Sulfur Cluster Acquisition and Transfer Revealed through Genetic Dissection of the Nbp35 ATPase Site. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2017-2027. [PMID: 30865432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly (CIA) scaffold, comprising Nbp35 and Cfd1 in yeast, assembles iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters destined for cytosolic and nuclear enzymes. ATP hydrolysis by the CIA scaffold plays an essential but poorly understood role in cluster biogenesis. Here we find that mutation of conserved residues in the four motifs comprising the ATPase site of Nbp35 diminished the scaffold's ability to both assemble and transfer its FeS cluster in vivo. The mutants fall into four phenotypic classes that can be understood by how each set of mutations affects ATP binding and hydrolysis. In vitro studies additionally revealed that occupancy of the bridging FeS cluster binding site decreases the scaffold's affinity for the nucleotide. On the basis of our findings, we propose that nucleotide binding and hydrolysis by the CIA scaffold drive a series of protein conformational changes that regulate association with other proteins in the pathway and with its newly formed FeS cluster. Our results provide insight into how the ATPase and cluster scaffolding activities are allosterically integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Kelly A Gay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Eric J Camire
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - William E Walden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Deborah L Perlstein
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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22
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Ciofi-Baffoni S, Nasta V, Banci L. Protein networks in the maturation of human iron-sulfur proteins. Metallomics 2019; 10:49-72. [PMID: 29219157 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins in humans is a multistage process occurring in different cellular compartments. The mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery composed of at least 17 proteins assembles mitochondrial Fe-S proteins. A cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly (CIA) machinery composed of at least 13 proteins has been more recently identified and shown to be responsible for the Fe-S cluster incorporation into cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S protein maturation requires not only the CIA machinery, but also the components of the mitochondrial ISC assembly machinery. An ISC export machinery, composed of a protein transporter located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, has been proposed to act in mediating the export process of a still unknown component that is required for the CIA machinery. Several functional and molecular aspects of the protein networks operative in the three machineries are still largely obscure. This Review focuses on the Fe-S protein maturation processes in humans with the specific aim of providing a molecular picture of the currently known protein-protein interaction networks. The human ISC and CIA machineries are presented, and the ISC export machinery is discussed with respect to possible molecules being the substrates of the mitochondrial protein transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center-CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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23
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Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Iron-sulfur clusters in nucleic acid metabolism: Varying roles of ancient cofactors. Enzymes 2019; 45:225-256. [PMID: 31627878 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite their relative simplicity, iron-sulfur clusters have been omnipresent as cofactors in myriad cellular processes such as oxidative phosphorylation and other respiratory pathways. Recent research advances confirm the presence of different clusters in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism. Iron-sulfur clusters can therefore be considered hallmarks of cellular metabolism. Helicases, nucleases, glycosylases, DNA polymerases and transcription factors, among others, incorporate various types of clusters that serve differing roles. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of the identity and functions of iron-sulfur clusters in DNA and RNA metabolizing enzymes, highlighting their importance as regulators of cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine.
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24
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Misslinger M, Lechner BE, Bacher K, Haas H. Iron-sensing is governed by mitochondrial, not by cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in Aspergillus fumigatus. Metallomics 2018; 10:1687-1700. [PMID: 30395137 PMCID: PMC6250123 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have to adapt their metabolism to the requirements of their ecological niche to avoid iron shortage as well as iron toxicity. Therefore, mechanisms have been evolved to tightly regulate iron uptake, consumption, and detoxification, which depend on sensing the cellular iron status. In the facultative anaerobic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, iron-sensing depends on mitochondrial (ISC) but not cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly (CIA), while in mammals further processing of an ISC product via CIA is required for sensing of the cellular iron state. To address the question of how the obligatory aerobic mold Aspergillus fumigatus senses the cellular iron state, mutant strains allowing the downregulation of ISC and CIA were generated. These studies revealed that: (i) Nfs1 (Afu3g14240) and Nbp35 (Afu2g15960), which are involved in ISC and CIA, respectively, are essential for growth; (ii) a decrease in ISC (Nfs1 depletion) but not CIA (Nbp35 depletion) results in a transcriptional iron starvation response, (iii) a decrease in, ISC as well as CIA, increases the chelatable iron pool, accompanied by increased iron toxicity and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and phleomycin. In agreement with ISC being essential for iron-sensing, a decrease in mitochondrial iron import by deletion of the mitochondrial iron importer MrsA resulted in an iron starvation response. Taken together, these data underline that iron-sensing in A. fumigatus depends on ISC but not CIA. Moreover, depletion of the glutathione pool via generating a mutant lacking γ-glutamylcysteine synthase, GshA (Afu3g13900), caused an iron starvation response, underlining a crucial role of glutathione in iron-sensing in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Misslinger
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter
, Medical University of Innsbruck
,
Innrain 80
, 6020 Innsbruck
, Austria
.
| | - Beatrix E. Lechner
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter
, Medical University of Innsbruck
,
Innrain 80
, 6020 Innsbruck
, Austria
.
| | - Katharina Bacher
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter
, Medical University of Innsbruck
,
Innrain 80
, 6020 Innsbruck
, Austria
.
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter
, Medical University of Innsbruck
,
Innrain 80
, 6020 Innsbruck
, Austria
.
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25
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Abstract
Abstract
Metal ions are essential cofactors required by the proteome of organisms from any kingdom of life to correctly exert their functions. Dedicated cellular import, transport and homeostasis systems assure that the needed metal ion is correctly delivered and inserted into the target proteins and avoid the presence of free metal ions in the cell, preventing oxidative damaging. Among metal ions, in eukaryotic organisms copper and iron are required by proteins involved in absolutely essential functions, such as respiration, oxidative stress protection, catalysis, gene expression regulation. Copper and iron binding proteins are localized in essentially all cellular compartments. Copper is physiologically present mainly as individual metal ion. Iron can be present both as individual metal ion or as part of cofactors, such as hemes and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters. Both metal ions are characterized by the ability to cycle between different oxidation states, which enable them to catalyze redox reactions and to participate in electron transfer processes. Here we describe in detail the main processes responsible for the trafficking of copper and iron sulfur clusters, with particular interest for the structural aspects of the maturation of copper and iron-sulfur-binding proteins.
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26
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Function and crystal structure of the dimeric P-loop ATPase CFD1 coordinating an exposed [4Fe-4S] cluster for transfer to apoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9085-E9094. [PMID: 30201724 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807762115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins in eukaryotes requires complex machineries in mitochondria and cytosol. Initially, Fe-S clusters are assembled on dedicated scaffold proteins and then are trafficked to target apoproteins. Within the cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly (CIA) machinery, the conserved P-loop nucleoside triphosphatase Nbp35 performs a scaffold function. In yeast, Nbp35 cooperates with the related Cfd1, which is evolutionary less conserved and is absent in plants. Here, we investigated the potential scaffold function of human CFD1 (NUBP2) in CFD1-depleted HeLa cells by measuring Fe-S enzyme activities or 55Fe incorporation into Fe-S target proteins. We show that CFD1, in complex with NBP35 (NUBP1), performs a crucial role in the maturation of all tested cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins, including essential ones involved in protein translation and DNA maintenance. CFD1 also matures iron regulatory protein 1 and thus is critical for cellular iron homeostasis. To better understand the scaffold function of CFD1-NBP35, we resolved the crystal structure of Chaetomium thermophilum holo-Cfd1 (ctCfd1) at 2.6-Å resolution as a model Cfd1 protein. Importantly, two ctCfd1 monomers coordinate a bridging [4Fe-4S] cluster via two conserved cysteine residues. The surface-exposed topology of the cluster is ideally suited for both de novo assembly and facile transfer to Fe-S apoproteins mediated by other CIA factors. ctCfd1 specifically interacted with ATP, which presumably associates with a pocket near the Cfd1 dimer interface formed by the conserved Walker motif. In contrast, ctNbp35 preferentially bound GTP, implying differential regulation of the two fungal scaffold components during Fe-S cluster assembly and/or release.
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NMR as a Tool to Investigate the Processes of Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092213. [PMID: 30200358 PMCID: PMC6205161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, the ubiquitous protein cofactors found in all kingdoms of life, perform a myriad of functions including nitrogen fixation, ribosome assembly, DNA repair, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolite catabolism. The biogenesis of Fe-S clusters is a multi-step process that involves the participation of many protein partners. Recent biophysical studies, involving X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), have greatly improved our understanding of these steps. In this review, after describing the biological importance of iron sulfur proteins, we focus on the contributions of NMR spectroscopy has made to our understanding of the structures, dynamics, and interactions of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Fe-S cluster proteins.
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Chiang S, Kalinowski DS, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR, Huang MLH. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the neuro-degenerative and cardio-degenerative disease, Friedreich's ataxia. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:35-48. [PMID: 28782591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for maintaining healthy cellular function and survival. The detrimental involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuro-degenerative diseases has recently been highlighted in human conditions, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is another neuro-degenerative, but also cardio-degenerative condition, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in disease progression. Deficient expression of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, is the primary cause of FA, which leads to adverse alterations in whole cell and mitochondrial iron metabolism. Dys-regulation of iron metabolism in these compartments, results in the accumulation of inorganic iron deposits in the mitochondrial matrix that is thought to potentiate oxidative damage observed in FA. Therefore, the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial in the progression of neuro-degenerative conditions, particularly in FA. In this review, vital mitochondrial homeostatic processes and their roles in FA pathogenesis will be discussed. These include mitochondrial iron processing, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission processes), mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial energy production and calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Chiang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael L-H Huang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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A novel mutation in nuclear prelamin a recognition factor-like causes diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2708-2718. [PMID: 27835862 PMCID: PMC5356835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two daughters in a Chinese consanguineous family were diagnosed as diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and screened using whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variations (CNVs) chips. Though no mutation was found in the established causative genes of capillary malformation-AVMs (CM-AVMs) or PAVMs, Ser161Ile (hg19 NM_022493 c.482G>T) mutation in nuclear prelamin A recognition factor-like (NARFL) was identified. Ser161Ile mutation in NARFL conservation region was predicted to be deleterious and absent in 500 population controls and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) Database. And there was a dosage effect of the mutation on mRNA levels among family members and population controls, consistent with the instability of mutant mRNA in vitro. Accordingly, in lung tissue of the proband, NARFL protein expression was reduced but Fe3+ was overloaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression. Furthermore, NARFL-knockdown cell lines demonstrated decreased activity of cytosolic aconitase, while NARFL-knockout zebrafish presented ectopic subintestinal vessels sprouts and upregulated VEGF. So we concluded that the Ser161Ile mutant induced NARFL deficiency and eventually diffuse PAVMs probably through VEGF pathway. In a word, we detected a functional mutation in NARFL, which might be the pathogenic gene in this pedigree.
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Freibert SA, Weiler BD, Bill E, Pierik AJ, Mühlenhoff U, Lill R. Biochemical Reconstitution and Spectroscopic Analysis of Iron-Sulfur Proteins. Methods Enzymol 2018; 599:197-226. [PMID: 29746240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins are involved in numerous key biological functions such as respiration, metabolic processes, protein translation, DNA synthesis, and DNA repair. The simplest types of Fe/S clusters include [2Fe-2S], [3Fe-4S], and [4Fe-4S] forms that sometimes are present in multiple copies. De novo assembly of Fe/S cofactors and their insertion into apoproteins in living cells requires complex proteinaceous machineries that are frequently highly conserved. In eukaryotes such as yeast and mammals, the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery and the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly system consist of more than 30 components that cooperate in the generation of some 50 cellular Fe/S proteins. Both the mechanistic dissection of the intracellular Fe/S protein assembly pathways and the identification and characterization of Fe/S proteins rely on tool boxes of in vitro and in vivo methods. These cell biological, biochemical, and biophysical techniques help to determine the extent, stability, and type of bound Fe/S cluster. They also serve to distinguish bona fide Fe/S proteins from other metal-binding proteins containing similar cofactor coordination motifs. Here, we present a collection of in vitro methods that have proven useful for basic biochemical and biophysical characterization of Fe/S proteins. First, we describe the chemical assembly of [2Fe-2S] or [4Fe-4S] clusters on purified apoproteins. Then, we summarize a reconstitution system reproducing the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster in mitochondria. Finally, we explain the use of UV-vis, CD, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Mössbauer spectroscopy for the routine characterization of Fe/S proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Antonio J Pierik
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Kaiserlautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany
| | | | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany; LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie SynMikro, Marburg, Germany.
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MET18 Deficiency Increases the Sensitivity of Yeast to Oxidative Stress and Shortens Replicative Lifespan by Inhibiting Catalase Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7587395. [PMID: 28828388 PMCID: PMC5554550 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7587395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Yeast MET18, a subunit of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery which is responsible for the maturation of Fe/S proteins, has been reported to participate in the oxidative stress response. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we constructed a MET18/met18Δ heterozygous mutant yeast strain and found that MET18 deficiency in yeast cells impaired oxidative stress resistance as evidenced by increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Mechanistically, the mRNA levels of catalase A (CTA1) and catalase T (CTT1) as well as the total catalase activity were significantly reduced in MET18-deficient cells. In contrast, overexpression of CTT1 or CTA1 in MET18-deficient cells significantly increased the intracellular catalase activity and enhanced the resistance ability against H2O2 and CHP. In addition, MET18 deficiency diminished the replicative capacity of yeast cells as evidenced by the shortened replicative lifespan, which can be restored by CTT1 overexpression, but not by CTA1, in the MET18-deficient cells. These results suggest that MET18, in a catalase-dependent manner, plays an essential role in enhancing the resistance of yeast cells to oxidative stress and increasing the replicative capacity of yeast cells.
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Johnson NB, Deck KM, Nizzi CP, Eisenstein RS. A synergistic role of IRP1 and FBXL5 proteins in coordinating iron metabolism during cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15976-15989. [PMID: 28768766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) belongs to a family of RNA-binding proteins that modulate metazoan iron metabolism. Multiple mechanisms are employed to control the action of IRP1 in dictating changes in the uptake and metabolic fate of iron. Inactivation of IRP1 RNA binding by iron primarily involves insertion of a [4Fe-4S] cluster by the cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly (CIA) system, converting it into cytosolic aconitase (c-acon), but can also involve iron-mediated degradation of IRP1 by the E3 ligase FBXL5 that also targets IRP2. How CIA and FBXL5 collaborate to maintain cellular iron homeostasis through IRP1 and other pathways is poorly understood. Because impaired Fe-S cluster biogenesis associates with human disease, we determined the importance of FBXL5 for regulating IRP1 when CIA is impaired. Suppression of FBXL5 expression coupled with induction of an IRP1 mutant (IRP13C>3S) that cannot insert the Fe-S cluster, or along with knockdown of the CIA factors NUBP2 or FAM96A, reduced cell viability. Iron supplementation reversed this growth defect and was associated with FBXL5-dependent polyubiquitination of IRP1. Phosphorylation of IRP1 at Ser-138 increased when CIA was inhibited and was required for iron rescue. Impaired CIA activity, as noted by reduced c-acon activity, was associated with enhanced FBXL5 expression and a concomitant reduction in IRP1 and IRP2 protein level and RNA-binding activity. Conversely, expression of either IRP induced FBXL5 protein level, demonstrating a negative feedback loop limiting excessive accumulation of iron-response element RNA-binding activity, whose disruption reduces cell growth. We conclude that a regulatory circuit involving FBXL5 and CIA acts through both IRPs to control iron metabolism and promote optimal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Johnson
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kathryn M Deck
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Christopher P Nizzi
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Richard S Eisenstein
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Charan M, Choudhary HH, Singh N, Sadik M, Siddiqi MI, Mishra S, Habib S. [Fe-S] cluster assembly in the apicoplast and its indispensability in mosquito stages of the malaria parasite. FEBS J 2017; 284:2629-2648. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Charan
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | | | - Nidhi Singh
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Mohammad Sadik
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Satish Mishra
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Saman Habib
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
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Upadhyay AS, Stehling O, Panayiotou C, Rösser R, Lill R, Överby AK. Cellular requirements for iron-sulfur cluster insertion into the antiviral radical SAM protein viperin. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13879-13889. [PMID: 28615450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viperin (RSAD2) is an interferon-stimulated antiviral protein that belongs to the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme family. Viperin's iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster is critical for its antiviral activity against many different viruses. CIA1 (CIAO1), an essential component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) machinery, is crucial for Fe/S cluster insertion into viperin and hence for viperin's antiviral activity. In the CIA pathway, CIA1 cooperates with CIA2A, CIA2B, and MMS19 targeting factors to form various complexes that mediate the dedicated maturation of specific Fe/S recipient proteins. To date, however, the mechanisms of how viperin acquires its radical SAM Fe/S cluster to gain antiviral activity are poorly understood. Using co-immunoprecipitation and 55Fe-radiolabeling experiments, we therefore studied the roles of CIA2A, CIA2B, and MMS19 for Fe/S cluster insertion. CIA2B and MMS19 physically interacted with the C terminus of viperin and used CIA1 as the primary viperin-interacting protein. In contrast, CIA2A bound to viperin's N terminus in a CIA1-, CIA2B-, and MMS19-independent fashion. Of note, the observed interaction of both CIA2 isoforms with a single Fe/S target protein is unprecedented in the CIA pathway. 55Fe-radiolabeling experiments with human cells depleted of CIA1, CIA2A, CIA2B, or MMS19 revealed that CIA1, but none of the other CIA factors, is predominantly required for 55Fe/S cluster incorporation into viperin. Collectively, viperin maturation represents a novel CIA pathway with a minimal requirement of the CIA-targeting factors and represents a new paradigm for the insertion of the Fe/S cofactor into a radical SAM protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar S Upadhyay
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden.,the Laboratory for Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Stehling
- the Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany, and
| | - Christakis Panayiotou
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden.,the Laboratory for Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ralf Rösser
- the Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany, and
| | - Roland Lill
- the Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany, and .,LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie SynMikro, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna K Överby
- From the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden, .,the Laboratory for Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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A Novel Hybrid Iron Regulation Network Combines Features from Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Yeasts. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01782-16. [PMID: 27795405 PMCID: PMC5082906 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01782-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for both pathogens and their hosts, which restrict iron availability during infections in an effort to prevent microbial growth. Successful human pathogens like the yeast Candida glabrata have thus developed effective iron acquisition strategies. Their regulation has been investigated well for some pathogenic fungi and in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which employs an evolutionarily derived system. Here, we show that C. glabrata uses a regulation network largely consisting of components of the S. cerevisiae regulon but also of elements of other pathogenic fungi. Specifically, similarly to baker's yeast, Aft1 is the main positive regulator under iron starvation conditions, while Cth2 degrades mRNAs encoding iron-requiring enzymes. However, unlike the case with S. cerevisiae, a Sef1 ortholog is required for full growth under iron limitation conditions, making C. glabrata an evolutionary intermediate to SEF1-dependent fungal pathogens. Therefore, C. glabrata has evolved an iron homeostasis system which seems to be unique within the pathogenic fungi. IMPORTANCE The fungus Candida glabrata represents an evolutionarily close relative of the well-studied and benign baker's yeast and model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae On the other hand, C. glabrata is an important opportunistic human pathogen causing both superficial and systemic infections. The ability to acquire trace metals, in particular, iron, and to tightly regulate this process during infection is considered an important virulence attribute of a variety of pathogens. Importantly, S. cerevisiae uses a highly derivative regulatory system distinct from those of other fungi. Until now, the regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis in C. glabrata has been mostly unknown. Our study revealed a hybrid iron regulation network that is unique to C. glabrata and is placed at an evolutionary midpoint between those of S. cerevisiae and related fungal pathogens. We thereby show that, in the host, even a successful human pathogen can rely largely on a strategy normally found in nonpathogenic fungi from a terrestrial environment.
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The conserved protein Dre2 uses essential [2Fe–2S] and [4Fe–4S] clusters for its function in cytosolic iron–sulfur protein assembly. Biochem J 2016; 473:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential protein Dre2 uses iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters to transfer electrons for cytosolic Fe–S protein biogenesis. Biochemical, cell biological and spectroscopic approaches demonstrate that recombinant Dre2 binds oxygen-labile [2Fe–2S] and [4Fe–4S] clusters at two conserved C-terminal motifs with four cysteine residues each.
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Chiang S, Kovacevic Z, Sahni S, Lane DJR, Merlot AM, Kalinowski DS, Huang MLH, Richardson DR. Frataxin and the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial iron-loading in Friedreich's ataxia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:853-70. [PMID: 27129098 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a major site for the metabolism of the transition metal, iron, which is necessary for metabolic processes critical for cell vitality. The enigmatic mitochondrial protein, frataxin, is known to play a significant role in both cellular and mitochondrial iron metabolism due to its iron-binding properties and its involvement in iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) and heme synthesis. The inherited neuro- and cardio-degenerative disease, Friedreich's ataxia (FA), is caused by the deficient expression of frataxin that leads to deleterious alterations in iron metabolism. These changes lead to the accumulation of inorganic iron aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix that are presumed to play a key role in the oxidative damage and subsequent degenerative features of this disease. Furthermore, the concurrent dys-regulation of cellular antioxidant defense, which coincides with frataxin deficiency, exacerbates oxidative stress. Hence, the pathogenesis of FA underscores the importance of the integrated homeostasis of cellular iron metabolism and the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox environments. This review focuses on describing the pathogenesis of the disease, the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial iron-loading and the dys-regulation of cellular antioxidant defense due to frataxin deficiency. In turn, current and emerging therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Angelica M Merlot
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L-H Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia )
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia )
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38
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Barupala DP, Dzul SP, Riggs-Gelasco PJ, Stemmler TL. Synthesis, delivery and regulation of eukaryotic heme and Fe-S cluster cofactors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 592:60-75. [PMID: 26785297 PMCID: PMC4784227 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the bulk of iron in the body (over 75%) is directed towards heme- or Fe-S cluster cofactor synthesis, and the complex, highly regulated pathways in place to accomplish biosynthesis have evolved to safely assemble and load these cofactors into apoprotein partners. In eukaryotes, heme biosynthesis is both initiated and finalized within the mitochondria, while cellular Fe-S cluster assembly is controlled by correlated pathways both within the mitochondria and within the cytosol. Iron plays a vital role in a wide array of metabolic processes and defects in iron cofactor assembly leads to human diseases. This review describes progress towards our molecular-level understanding of cellular heme and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, focusing on the regulation and mechanistic details that are essential for understanding human disorders related to the breakdown in these essential pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulmini P Barupala
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Stephen P Dzul
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Milne N, Wahl SA, van Maris AJA, Pronk JT, Daran JM. Excessive by-product formation: A key contributor to low isobutanol yields of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Metab Eng Commun 2016; 3:39-51. [PMID: 29142820 PMCID: PMC5678825 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is theoretically possible to engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in which isobutanol is the predominant catabolic product and high-yielding isobutanol-producing strains are already reported by industry. Conversely, isobutanol yields of engineered S. cerevisiae strains reported in the scientific literature typically remain far below 10% of the theoretical maximum. This study explores possible reasons for these suboptimal yields by a mass-balancing approach. A cytosolically located, cofactor-balanced isobutanol pathway, consisting of a mosaic of bacterial enzymes whose in vivo functionality was confirmed by complementation of null mutations in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, was expressed in S. cerevisiae. Product formation by the engineered strain was analysed in shake flasks and bioreactors. In aerobic cultures, the pathway intermediate isobutyraldehyde was oxidized to isobutyrate rather than reduced to isobutanol. Moreover, significant concentrations of the pathway intermediates 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate and α-ketoisovalerate, as well as diacetyl and acetoin, accumulated extracellularly. While the engineered strain could not grow anaerobically, micro-aerobic cultivation resulted in isobutanol formation at a yield of 0.018±0.003 mol/mol glucose. Simultaneously, 2,3-butanediol was produced at a yield of 0.649±0.067 mol/mol glucose. These results identify massive accumulation of pathway intermediates, as well as overflow metabolites derived from acetolactate, as an important, previously underestimated contributor to the suboptimal yields of 'academic' isobutanol strains. The observed patterns of by-product formation is consistent with the notion that in vivo activity of the iron-sulphur-cluster-requiring enzyme dihydroxyacid dehydratase is a key bottleneck in the present and previously described 'academic' isobutanol-producing yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Milne
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S A Wahl
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A J A van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J M Daran
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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Lill R, Srinivasan V, Mühlenhoff U. The role of mitochondria in cytosolic-nuclear iron–sulfur protein biogenesis and in cellular iron regulation. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 22:111-9. [PMID: 25460804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable in eukaryotes because of their function in the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear iron–sulfur proteins that are essential for DNA synthesis and repair, tRNA modification, and protein translation. The mitochondrial Fe/S cluster assembly machinery not only generates the organelle's iron–sulfur proteins, but also extra-mitochondrial ones. Biogenesis of the latter proteins requires the mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 that exports a sulfur-containing compound in a glutathione-dependent fashion. The process is further assisted by the cytosolic iron–sulfur protein assembly machinery. Here, we discuss the knowns and unknowns of the mitochondrial export process that is also crucial for signaling the cellular iron status to the regulatory systems involved in the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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41
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McCarthy EL, Booker SJ. Bridging a gap in iron-sulfur cluster assembly. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26350572 PMCID: PMC4562213 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular machinery that incorporates iron-sulfur clusters into proteins is directed to particular targets by adaptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Squire J Booker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
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42
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Liddell JR. Targeting mitochondrial metal dyshomeostasis for the treatment of neurodegeneration. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 5:345-64. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment and metal dyshomeostasis are suggested to be associated with many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich's ataxia. Treatments aimed at restoring metal homeostasis are highly effective in models of these diseases, and clinical trials hold promise. However, in general, the effect of these treatments on mitochondrial metal homeostasis is unclear, and the contribution of mitochondrial metal dyshomeostasis to disease pathogenesis requires further investigation. This review describes the role of metals in mitochondria in health, how mitochondrial metals are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases, and potential therapeutics aimed at restoring mitochondrial metal homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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43
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Paul VD, Mühlenhoff U, Stümpfig M, Seebacher J, Kugler KG, Renicke C, Taxis C, Gavin AC, Pierik AJ, Lill R. The deca-GX3 proteins Yae1-Lto1 function as adaptors recruiting the ABC protein Rli1 for iron-sulfur cluster insertion. eLife 2015; 4:e08231. [PMID: 26182403 PMCID: PMC4523923 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic and nuclear iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are involved in many essential pathways including translation and DNA maintenance. Their maturation requires the cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly (CIA) machinery. To identify new CIA proteins we employed systematic protein interaction approaches and discovered the essential proteins Yae1 and Lto1 as binding partners of the CIA targeting complex. Depletion of Yae1 or Lto1 results in defective Fe-S maturation of the ribosome-associated ABC protein Rli1, but surprisingly no other tested targets. Yae1 and Lto1 facilitate Fe-S cluster assembly on Rli1 in a chain of binding events. Lto1 uses its conserved C-terminal tryptophan for binding the CIA targeting complex, the deca-GX3 motifs in both Yae1 and Lto1 facilitate their complex formation, and Yae1 recruits Rli1. Human YAE1D1 and the cancer-related ORAOV1 can replace their yeast counterparts demonstrating evolutionary conservation. Collectively, the Yae1-Lto1 complex functions as a target-specific adaptor that recruits apo-Rli1 to the generic CIA machinery. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08231.001 Many proteins depend on small molecules called cofactors to be able to perform their roles in cells. One class of proteins—the iron-sulfur proteins—contain cofactors that are made of clusters of iron and sulfide ions. In yeast, humans and other eukaryotes, the clusters are assembled and incorporated into their target proteins by a group of assembly factors called the CIA machinery. Several components of the CIA machinery have previously been identified and most of them appear to be core components that are needed to assemble many different proteins in cells. Since these iron-sulfur proteins are involved in important processes such as the production of proteins and the maintenance of DNA, losing of any of these CIA proteins tends to be lethal to the organism. Paul et al. used several ‘proteomic’ techniques to study the assembly of iron-sulfur proteins in yeast and identified two new proteins called Yae1 and Lto1 that are involved in this process. Unlike other CIA proteins, Yae1 and Lto1 are only required for the assembly of just one particular iron-sulfur protein called Rli1, which is essential for the production of proteins. Most newly made iron-sulfur proteins can bind directly to a group of CIA proteins called the CIA targeting complex, but Rli1 cannot. The experiments show that Lto1 binds to both the CIA targeting complex and to Yae1, which in turn recruits the Rli1 to the CIA complex. Paul et al. also show that humans have proteins that are very similar to Yae1 and Lto1. Inserting the human counterparts of Yae1 and Lto1 into yeast lacking these proteins could fully restore the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters into Rli1. This suggests that Yae1 and Lto1 proteins evolved in the common ancestors of fungi and humans and have changed little since. Taken together, Paul et al.'s findings reveal that Yae1 and Lto1 act as adaptors that link the rest of the CIA machinery to their specific target protein Rli1 in yeast and humans. A future challenge is to find out the three-dimensional structures of Yae1 and Lto1 to better understand how these proteins work and interact. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08231.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Désirée Paul
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mühlenhoff
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stümpfig
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Seebacher
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl G Kugler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Renicke
- Fachbereich Biologie/Genetik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christof Taxis
- Fachbereich Biologie/Genetik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio J Pierik
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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44
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Lill R, Dutkiewicz R, Freibert SA, Heidenreich T, Mascarenhas J, Netz DJ, Paul VD, Pierik AJ, Richter N, Stümpfig M, Srinivasan V, Stehling O, Mühlenhoff U. The role of mitochondria and the CIA machinery in the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear iron–sulfur proteins. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:280-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Compartmentalization of iron between mitochondria and the cytosol and its regulation. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:292-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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46
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Zhao W, Zheng HZ, Niu YJ, Yuan Y, Fang BX, Liu YN, Cai LH, Zhou ZJ, Liu XG. CIA2 deficiency results in impaired oxidative stress response and enhanced intracellular basal UPR activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv013. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lane DJR, Merlot AM, Huang MLH, Bae DH, Jansson PJ, Sahni S, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Cellular iron uptake, trafficking and metabolism: Key molecules and mechanisms and their roles in disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1130-44. [PMID: 25661197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a crucial transition metal for virtually all life. Two major destinations of iron within mammalian cells are the cytosolic iron-storage protein, ferritin, and mitochondria. In mitochondria, iron is utilized in critical anabolic pathways, including: iron-storage in mitochondrial ferritin, heme synthesis, and iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biogenesis. Although the pathways involved in ISC synthesis in the mitochondria and cytosol have begun to be characterized, many crucial details remain unknown. In this review, we discuss major aspects of the journey of iron from its initial cellular uptake, its modes of trafficking within cells, to an overview of its downstream utilization in the cytoplasm and within mitochondria. The understanding of mitochondrial iron processing and its communication with other organelles/subcellular locations, such as the cytosol, has been elucidated by the analysis of certain diseases e.g., Friedreich's ataxia. Increased knowledge of the molecules and their mechanisms of action in iron processing pathways (e.g., ISC biogenesis) will shape the investigation of iron metabolism in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J R Lane
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - A M Merlot
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - M L-H Huang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D-H Bae
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - P J Jansson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D S Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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48
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Paul VD, Lill R. Biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear iron-sulfur proteins and their role in genome stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1528-39. [PMID: 25583461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are versatile protein cofactors that require numerous components for their synthesis and insertion into apoproteins. In eukaryotes, maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins is accomplished by cooperation of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly and export machineries, and the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) system. Currently, nine CIA proteins are known to specifically assist the two major steps of the biogenesis reaction. They are essential for cell viability and conserved from yeast to man. The essential character of this biosynthetic process is explained by the involvement of Fe-S proteins in central processes of life, e.g., protein translation and numerous steps of nuclear DNA metabolism such as DNA replication and repair. Malfunctioning of these latter Fe-S enzymes leads to genome instability, a hallmark of cancer. This review is focused on the maturation and biological function of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins, a topic of central interest for both basic and medical research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fe/S proteins: Analysis, structure, function, biogenesis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Désirée Paul
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany; LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie SynMikro, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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49
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Py B, Barras F. [Iron and sulfur in proteins. How does the cell build Fe-S clusters, cofactors essential for life?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:1110-22. [PMID: 25537041 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143012014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S) are ubiquitous cofactors present in numerous proteins of most living organisms. By way of an example, the E. coli bacterium synthesizes more that 130 different types of Fe-S proteins. Fe-S proteins are involved in a great diversity of biological processes, ranging from respiration, photosynthesis, central metabolism, to genetic expression and genomic stability. Proteins can acquire spontaneously Fe-S clusters in vitro, but in vivo, dedicated molecular machineries are necessary. Dysfunction of these machineries alters cellular capacities leading to lethality in bacteria and severe pathologies in humans. In this review we will describe how cells make Fe-S clusters and deliver them to clients proteins. The importance of Fe-S clusters homeostasis will be illustrated by reporting a list of cellular dysfunctions associated with mutations altering either Fe-S proteins or Fe-S biogenesis machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283 CNRS-Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283 CNRS-Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
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50
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Al-Hassnan ZN, Al-Dosary M, Alfadhel M, Faqeih EA, Alsagob M, Kenana R, Almass R, Al-Harazi OS, Al-Hindi H, Malibari OI, Almutari FB, Tulbah S, Alhadeq F, Al-Sheddi T, Alamro R, AlAsmari A, Almuntashri M, Alshaalan H, Al-Mohanna FA, Colak D, Kaya N. ISCA2mutation causes infantile neurodegenerative mitochondrial disorder. J Med Genet 2014; 52:186-94. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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