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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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2
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Shannon CE, Bakewell T, Fourcaudot MJ, Ayala I, Romero G, Asmis M, Lima LCF, Wallace M, Norton L. Sex-dependent adipose glucose partitioning by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593540. [PMID: 38798427 PMCID: PMC11118482 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) occupies a critical node in intermediary metabolism, prompting interest in its utility as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Dysregulated nutrient metabolism in adipose tissue is a prominent feature of obesity pathophysiology, yet the functional role of adipose MPC has not been explored. We investigated whether the MPC shapes the adaptation of adipose tissue to dietary stress in female and male mice. Methods The impact of pharmacological and genetic disruption of the MPC on mitochondrial pathways of triglyceride assembly (lipogenesis and glyceroneogenesis) was assessed in 3T3L1 adipocytes and murine adipose explants, combined with analyses of adipose MPC expression in metabolically compromised humans. Whole-body and adipose-specific glucose metabolism were subsequently investigated in male and female mice lacking adipocyte MPC1 (Mpc1AD-/-) and fed either standard chow, high-fat western style, or high-sucrose lipid restricted diets for 24 weeks, using a combination of radiolabeled tracers and GC/MS metabolomics. Results Treatment with UK5099 or siMPC1 impaired the synthesis of lipids and glycerol-3-phosphate from pyruvate and blunted triglyceride accumulation in 3T3L1 adipocytes, whilst MPC expression in human adipose tissue was negatively correlated with indices of whole-body and adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Mature adipose explants from Mpc1AD-/- mice were intrinsically incapable of incorporating pyruvate into triglycerides. In vivo, MPC deletion restricted the incorporation of circulating glucose into adipose triglycerides, but only in female mice fed a zero fat diet, and this associated with sex-specific reductions in tricarboxylic acid cycle pool sizes and compensatory transcriptional changes in lipogenic and glycerol metabolism pathways. However, whole-body adiposity and metabolic health were preserved in Mpc1AD-/- mice regardless of sex, even under conditions of zero dietary fat. Conclusion These findings highlight the greater capacity for mitochondrially driven triglyceride assembly in adipose from female versus male mice and expose a reliance upon MPC-gated metabolism for glucose partitioning in female adipose under conditions of dietary lipid restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Shannon
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terry Bakewell
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcel J Fourcaudot
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Iriscilla Ayala
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Giovanna Romero
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mara Asmis
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Leandro C Freitas Lima
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke Norton
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile lipid cycling: from biochemistry to physiology. Nat Metab 2024; 6:808-824. [PMID: 38459186 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the healthy state, the fat stored in our body isn't just inert. Rather, it is dynamically mobilized to maintain an adequate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in our bloodstream. Our body tends to produce excess FAs to ensure that the FA availability is not limiting. The surplus FAs are actively re-esterified into glycerides, initiating a cycle of breakdown and resynthesis of glycerides. This cycle consumes energy without generating a new product and is commonly referred to as the 'futile lipid cycle' or the glyceride/FA cycle. Contrary to the notion that it's a wasteful process, it turns out this cycle is crucial for systemic metabolic homeostasis. It acts as a control point in intra-adipocyte and inter-organ cross-talk, a metabolic rheostat, an energy sensor and a lipid diversifying mechanism. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic regulation and physiological implications of the glyceride/FA cycle and its mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Yuan B, Inouye KE, Hotamışlıgil GS, Hui S. An Organism-Level Quantitative Flux Model of Mammalian Energy Metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.11.579776. [PMID: 38405872 PMCID: PMC10888810 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.579776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian tissues feed on nutrients in the blood circulation. At the organism-level, mammalian energy metabolism comprises of oxidation, interconverting, storing and releasing of circulating nutrients. Though much is known about the individual processes and nutrients, a holistic and quantitative model describing these processes for all major circulating nutrients is lacking. Here, by integrating isotope tracer infusion, mass spectrometry, and isotope gas analyzer measurement, we developed a framework to systematically quantify fluxes through these processes for 10 major circulating energy nutrients in mice, resulting in an organism-level quantitative flux model of energy metabolism. This model revealed in wildtype mice that circulating nutrients' metabolic cycling fluxes are more dominant than their oxidation fluxes, with distinct partition between cycling and oxidation flux for individual circulating nutrients. Applications of this framework in obese mouse models showed on a per animal basis extensive elevation of metabolic cycling fluxes in ob/ob mice, but not in diet-induced obese mice. Thus, our framework describes quantitatively the functioning of energy metabolism at the organism-level, valuable for revealing new features of energy metabolism in physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen E Inouye
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lead Contact
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Iizuka Y, Hirako S, Kim H, Wada N, Ohsaki Y, Yanagisawa N. Fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids downregulate aquaporin 9 protein expression of liver and white adipose tissues in diabetic KK mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109514. [PMID: 37918450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is an integral membrane protein that facilitates glycerol transport in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Glycerol is necessary as a substrate for gluconeogenesis in the physiological fasted state, suggesting that inhibiting AQP9 function may be beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes associated with fasting hyperglycemia. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are rich in fish oil and lower the risk of metabolic syndrome; however, the effects of EPA and DHA on AQP9 expression in obese and type 2 diabetes are unclear. The KK mouse is an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes because of the polymorphisms on leptin receptor gene, which results in a part of cause for obese and diabetic conditions. In this study, we determined the effect of fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA on AQP9 protein expression in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of KK mice and mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of AQP9 protein in the liver, epididymal WAT, and inguinal WAT were markedly decreased following fish oil administration. We also demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs, such as DHA, and to a lesser extent EPA, downregulated AQP9 protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results suggest that fish oil-derived n-3 PUFAs may regulate the protein expressions of AQP9 in glycerol metabolism-related organs in KK mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Iizuka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hyounju Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Wada
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yanagisawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu Q, Li Y, Ye D, Yu X, Huang W, Zang S, Jiang G. Longitudinal metabolomics integrated with machine learning identifies novel biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:9-17. [PMID: 37806596 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from longitudinal studies is crucial to enhance our understanding of the role of metabolites in the progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Herein, a longitudinal untargeted metabolomic study was conducted to reveal the metabolomic profiles and biomarkers associated with the progression of GDM, and characterize the changing patterns of metabolites. METHODS We collected serum samples at three trimesters from 30 patients with GDM and 30 healthy Chinese pregnant women with pre-pregnancy BMI, age, and parity matched, and untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed, followed by machine learning approaches that integrated bootstrap and LASSO. Cluster analysis was conducted to elucidate the patterns of metabolite changes. Pathway analyses were conducted to gain insights into the underlying pathways involved. RESULTS A total of 32 metabolites, mainly belonging to amino acid and its derivatives, were significantly associated with GDM across three trimesters, and were clustered into three distinct patterns. Metabolites belonging to phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidic acids, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines were consistently upregulated, and 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl dihydrogen phosphate was downregulated in GDM group. Amino acid-related, glycerophospholipid, and vitamin B6 metabolism were enriched in multiple trimesters. The levels of allantoic acid, which was positively correlated with blood glucose, was consistently higher in GDM patients and exhibited good discriminatory ability for GDM in the early and mid-pregnancy. CONCLUSION We identified and characterized distinct patterns of metabolites associated with GDM throughout pregnancy, and found that allantoic acid was a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangtian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufei Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Huang X, Zhao JV. The Associations of Genetically Predicted Plasma Alanine with Coronary Artery Disease and its Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:1020-1028. [PMID: 37640107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alanine is an amino acid commonly used as a nutritional supplement and plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle. Plasma alanine has been associated in observational studies with a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and unhealthier lipid profiles. However, evidence from large randomized controlled trials is lacking. OBJECTIVES Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we assessed the unconfounded associations of plasma alanine with CAD and CAD risk factors. METHODS We applied single nucleotide polymorphisms that were strongly (P < 5 ×10-8) associated with plasma alanine as genetic instruments to large genome-wide association studies of CAD (63,108 cases; 296,901 controls), diabetes (90,612 cases; 583,493 controls), glucose (515,538 participants), lipids (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B) (>1.1 million participants), blood pressure (BP) (757,601 participants), and body mass index (682,137 participants). Given the potential sex disparity, we also conducted sex-specific analyses. MR estimates per standard deviation increase in alanine concentrations were obtained using inverse variance weighting followed by sensitivity analyses using weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, and MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score. RESULTS Genetically predicted plasma alanine was not associated with CAD but with a higher risk of diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.72), higher glucose (β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.19), LDL cholesterol (β: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.12), triglycerides (β: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.38), total cholesterol (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.20), apolipoprotein B (β: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.21), and BP (β: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.31, 2.04 for systolic BP: β: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.45 for diastolic BP) overall. The positive associations of serum alanine with LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were more notable in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS Alanine or factors affecting alanine may have causal effects on diabetes, blood glucose, lipid profiles, and BP but not on CAD. Further studies are needed to clarify possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Milhem F, Komarnytsky S. Progression to Obesity: Variations in Patterns of Metabolic Fluxes, Fat Accumulation, and Gastrointestinal Responses. Metabolites 2023; 13:1016. [PMID: 37755296 PMCID: PMC10535155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder that is remarkably heterogeneous. It presents itself in a variety of phenotypes that can be metabolically unhealthy or healthy, associate with no or multiple metabolic risk factors, gain extreme body weight (super-responders), as well as resist obesity despite the obesogenic environment (non-responders). Progression to obesity is ultimately linked to the overall net energy balance and activity of different metabolic fluxes. This is particularly evident from variations in fatty acids oxidation, metabolic fluxes through the pyruvate-phosphoenolpyruvate-oxaloacetate node, and extracellular accumulation of Krebs cycle metabolites, such as citrate. Patterns of fat accumulation with a focus on visceral and ectopic adipose tissue, microbiome composition, and the immune status of the gastrointestinal tract have emerged as the most promising targets that allow personalization of obesity and warrant further investigations into the critical issue of a wider and long-term weight control. Advances in understanding the biochemistry mechanisms underlying the heterogenous obesity phenotypes are critical to the development of targeted strategies to maintain healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Ramón A, Esteves A, Villadóniga C, Chalar C, Castro-Sowinski S. A general overview of the multifactorial adaptation to cold: biochemical mechanisms and strategies. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2259-2287. [PMID: 37477802 PMCID: PMC10484896 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold environments are more frequent than people think. They include deep oceans, cold lakes, snow, permafrost, sea ice, glaciers, cold soils, cold deserts, caves, areas at elevations greater than 3000 m, and also artificial refrigeration systems. These environments are inhabited by a diversity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that must adapt to the hard conditions imposed by cold. This adaptation is multifactorial and includes (i) sensing the cold, mainly through the modification of the liquid-crystalline membrane state, leading to the activation of a two-component system that transduce the signal; (ii) adapting the composition of membranes for proper functions mainly due to the production of double bonds in lipids, changes in hopanoid composition, and the inclusion of pigments; (iii) producing cold-adapted proteins, some of which show modifications in the composition of amino acids involved in stabilizing interactions and structural adaptations, e.g., enzymes with high catalytic efficiency; and (iv) producing ice-binding proteins and anti-freeze proteins, extracellular polysaccharides and compatible solutes that protect cells from intracellular and extracellular ice. However, organisms also respond by reprogramming their metabolism and specifically inducing cold-shock and cold-adaptation genes through strategies such as DNA supercoiling, distinctive signatures in promoter regions and/or the action of CSPs on mRNAs, among others. In this review, we describe the main findings about how organisms adapt to cold, with a focus in prokaryotes and linking the information with findings in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramón
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Villadóniga
- Laboratorio de Biocatalizadores Y Sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cora Chalar
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biocatalizadores Y Sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Trinchese G, Gena P, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Fogliano C, Garra S, Catapano A, Petrella L, Di Chio S, Avallone B, Calamita G, Mollica MP. Hepatocyte Aquaporins AQP8 and AQP9 Are Engaged in the Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Modulating the Inflammatory and Redox State in Milk-Supplemented Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3651. [PMID: 37630841 PMCID: PMC10459073 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is an important source of nutrients and energy, but there are still many uncertainties regarding the health effects of milk and dairy products consumption. Milk from different species varies in physicochemical and nutritional properties. We previously showed that dietary supplements with different milks in rats trigger significant differences in metabolic and inflammatory states, modulating mitochondrial functions in metabolically active organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we have deepened the effects of isoenergetic supplementation of milk (82 kJ) from cow (CM), donkey (DM) or human (HM) on hepatic metabolism to understand the interlink between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox state and to highlight the possible role of two hepatocyte aquaporins (AQPs) of metabolic relevance, AQP8 and AQP9, in this crosstalk. Compared with rats with no milk supplementation, DM- and HM-fed rats had reduced hepatic lipid content with enhanced mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress. A marked reduction in AQP8, a hydrogen peroxide channel, was seen in the liver mitochondria of DM-fed rats compared with HM-fed, CM-fed and control animals. DM-fed or HM-fed rats also showed reduced hepatic inflammatory markers and less collagen and Kupffer cells. CM-fed rats showed higher hepatic fat content and increased AQP9 and glycerol permeability. A role of liver AQP8 and AQP9 is suggested in the different metabolic profiles resulting from milk supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Silvia Di Chio
- Azienda Sociosanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli (ASST FBF) SACCO, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Jersin RÅ, Sri Priyanka Tallapragada D, Skartveit L, Bjune MS, Muniandy M, Lee-Ødegård S, Heinonen S, Alvarez M, Birkeland KI, André Drevon C, Pajukanta P, McCann A, Pietiläinen KH, Claussnitzer M, Mellgren G, Dankel SN. Impaired Adipocyte SLC7A10 Promotes Lipid Storage in Association With Insulin Resistance and Altered BCAA Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2217-2229. [PMID: 36916878 PMCID: PMC10438883 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A10/ASC-1 is an adipocyte-expressed gene with reduced expression in insulin resistance and obesity. Inhibition of SLC7A10 in adipocytes was shown to increase lipid accumulation despite decreasing insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose, a key substrate for de novo lipogenesis. These data imply that alternative lipogenic substrates to glucose fuel continued lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in obesity. OBJECTIVE We examined whether increased lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in adipocytes may involve alter flux of lipogenic amino acids dependent on SLC7A10 expression and activity, and whether this is reflected by extracellular and circulating concentrations of marker metabolites. METHODS In adipocyte cultures with impaired SLC7A10, we performed RNA sequencing and relevant functional assays. By targeted metabolite analyses (GC-MS/MS), flux of all amino acids and selected metabolites were measured in human and mouse adipose cultures. Additionally, SLC7A10 mRNA levels in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were correlated to candidate metabolites and adiposity phenotypes in 2 independent cohorts. RESULTS SLC7A10 impairment altered expression of genes related to metabolic processes, including branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, lipogenesis, and glyceroneogenesis. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, SLC7A10 inhibition increased fatty acid uptake and cellular content of glycerol and cholesterol. SLC7A10 impairment in SAT cultures altered uptake of aspartate and glutamate, and increased net uptake of BCAAs, while increasing the net release of the valine catabolite 3- hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB). In human cohorts, SLC7A10 mRNA correlated inversely with total fat mass, circulating triacylglycerols, BCAAs, and 3-HIB. CONCLUSION Reduced SLC7A10 activity strongly affects flux of BCAAs in adipocytes, which may fuel continued lipogenesis during insulin resistance, and be reflected in increased circulating levels of the valine-derived catabolite 3-HIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Å Jersin
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Linn Skartveit
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mona S Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, The University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, The University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian André Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adrian McCann
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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13
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Wang C, Hucik B, Sarr O, Brown LH, Wells KRD, Brunt KR, Nakamura MT, Harasim-Symbor E, Chabowski A, Mutch DM. Delta-6 desaturase (Fads2) deficiency alters triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling in murine white adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100376. [PMID: 37085033 PMCID: PMC10323924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Δ-6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme is not only critical for the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from α-linolenic acid (ALA), but recent evidence suggests that it also plays a role in adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight; however, the mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to investigate if a D6D deficiency would inhibit triacylglycerol storage and alter lipolytic and lipogenic pathways in mouse white adipose tissue (WAT) depots due to a disruption in EPA and DHA production. Male C57BL/6J D6D knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed either a 7% w/w lard or flax (ALA rich) diet for 21 weeks. Energy expenditure, physical activity, and substrate utilization were measured with metabolic caging. Inguinal and epididymal WAT depots were analyzed for changes in tissue weight, fatty acid composition, adipocyte size, and markers of lipogenesis, lipolysis, and insulin signaling. KO mice had lower body weight, higher serum nonesterified fatty acids, smaller WAT depots, and reduced adipocyte size compared to WT mice without altered food intake, energy expenditure, or physical activity, regardless of the diet. Markers of lipogenesis and lipolysis were more highly expressed in KO mice compared to WT mice in both depots, regardless of the diet. These changes were concomitant with lower basal insulin signaling in WAT. Collectively, a D6D deficiency alters triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling in WAT by promoting lipolysis and reducing fatty acid re-esterification, which may be partially attributed to a reduction in WAT insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wang
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barbora Hucik
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Liam H Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle R D Wells
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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14
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Wunderling K, Zurkovic J, Zink F, Kuerschner L, Thiele C. Triglyceride cycling enables modification of stored fatty acids. Nat Metab 2023; 5:699-709. [PMID: 37012495 PMCID: PMC10132980 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride cycling is the process of continuous degradation and re-synthesis of triglyceride in cellular stores. We show in 3T3-L1 adipocytes that triglycerides are subject to rapid turnover and re-arrangement of fatty acids with an estimated half-life of 2-4 h. We develop a tracing technology that can simultaneously and quantitatively follow the metabolism of multiple fatty acids to study the triglyceride futile substrate cycle directly and with molecular species resolution. Our approach is based on alkyne fatty acid tracers and mass spectrometry. The triglyceride cycling is connected to modification of released fatty acids by elongation and desaturation. Through cycling and modification, saturated fatty acids are slowly converted to monounsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. We conclude that triglyceride cycling renders stored fatty acids accessible for metabolic alteration. The overall process facilitates cellular adjustments to the stored fatty acid pool to meet changing needs of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Wunderling
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jelena Zurkovic
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Kuerschner
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Sharma AK, Wolfrum C. Lipid cycling isn't all futile. Nat Metab 2023; 5:540-541. [PMID: 37012497 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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17
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Lu K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Liang XF. Role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) in mediating nutrient metabolism in zebrafish. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36840800 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most economical source of energy in fish feeds, but most fish have limited ability to utilize carbohydrates. It has been reported that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. However, direct evidence is lacking to fully understand the relationship between pck1 and glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we generated a pck1 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/cas9 system, and a high-carbohydrate diet was provided to 60 days post-fertilization (dpf) for 8 weeks. We found that pck1-deficient zebrafish displayed decreased plasma glucose, elevated mRNA levels of glycolysis-related genes (gck, pfk, pk), and reduced the transcriptional levels of gluconeogenic genes (pck1, fbp1a) in liver. We also found decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lipid accumulation and in pck1-/- zebrafish, along with downregulation of genes for lipolysis (acaca) and lipogenesis (cpt1). In addition, the observation of HE staining revealed that the total muscle area of pck1-/- was substantially less than that of WT zebrafish and real-time PCR suggested that GH/IGF-1 signaling (ulk2, stat1b) may be suppressed in pck1-deficient fish. Taken together, these findings suggested that pck1 may play an important role in the high-carbohydrate diet utilization of fish and significantly affected lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in zebrafish. pck1 knockout mutant line could facilitate a further mechanism study of pck1-associated metabolic regulation and provide new information for improving carbohydrate utilization traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhuang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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18
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Grooms A, Nordmann AN, Badu-Tawiah AK. Plasma-Droplet Reaction Systems: A Direct Mass Spectrometry Approach for Enhanced Characterization of Lipids at Multiple Isomer Levels. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:32-44. [PMID: 36817012 PMCID: PMC9936802 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutral triacylglyceride (TG) lipids are critical in cellular function, signaling, and energy storage. Multiple molecular pathways control TG structure via nonselective routes making them structurally complex and analytically challenging to characterize. The presence of C=C bond positional isomers exacerbates this challenge as complete structural elucidation is not possible by conventional tandem mass spectrometric methods such as collision-induced dissociation (CID), alone. Herein, we report a custom-made coaxial contained-electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter that allows the fusion of plasma discharge with charged microdroplets during electrospray (ES). Etched capillaries were incorporated into this contained-ES emitter, facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at low (3 kV) ESI voltages and allowing stable ESI ion signal to be achieved at an unprecedented high (7 kV) spray voltage. The analytical utility of inducing plasma discharge during electrospray was investigated using online ionization of neutral TGs, in situ epoxidation of unsaturation sites, and C=C bond localization via conventional CID mass spectrometry. Collisional activation of the lipid epoxide generated during the online plasma-droplet fusion experiment resulted in a novel fragmentation pattern that showed a quadruplet of diagnostic ions for confident assignment of C=C bond positions and subsequent isomer differentiation. This phenomenon enabled the identification of a novel TG lipid, composed of conjugated linoleic acid, that is isomeric with two other TG lipids naturally found in extra virgin olive oil. To validate our findings, we analyzed various standards of TG lipids, including triolein, trilinolein, and trilinolenin, and isomeric mixtures in the positive-ion mode, each of which produced the expected quadruplet diagnostic fragment ions. Further validation was obtained by analyzing standards of free fatty acids expected from the hydrolysis of the TG lipids in the negative-ion mode, together with isomeric mixtures. The chemistry governing the gas-phase fragmentation of the lipid epoxides was carefully elucidated for each TG lipid analyzed. This comprehensive shotgun lipidomic approach has the potential to impact biomedical research since it can be accomplished on readily available mass spectrometers without the need for instrument modification.
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19
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von Renesse J, von Bechtolsheim F, Jonas S, Seifert L, Alves TC, Seifert AM, Komorek F, Tritchkova G, Menschikowski M, Bork U, Meisterfeld R, Distler M, Chavakis T, Weitz J, Funk AM, Kahlert C, Mirtschink P. Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:298-309. [PMID: 36418015 PMCID: PMC9891978 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental impact of malnutrition and cachexia in cancer patients subjected to surgical resection is well established. However, how systemic and local metabolic alterations in cancer patients impact the serum metabolite signature, thereby leading to cancer-specific differences, is poorly defined. In order to implement metabolomics as a potential tool in clinical diagnostics and disease follow-up, targeted metabolite profiling based on quantitative measurements is essential. We hypothesized that the quantitative metabolic profile assessed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to identify cancer-induced catabolism and potentially distinguish between specific tumour entities. Importantly, to prove tumour dependency and assess metabolic normalization, we additionally analysed the metabolome of patients' sera longitudinally post-surgery in order to assess metabolic normalization. METHODS Forty two metabolites in sera of patients with tumour entities known to cause malnutrition and cachexia, namely, upper gastrointestinal cancer and pancreatic cancer, as well as sera of healthy controls, were quantified by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Comparing serum metabolites of patients with gastrointestinal cancer with healthy controls and pancreatic cancer patients, we identified at least 15 significantly changed metabolites in each comparison. Principal component and pathway analysis tools showed a catabolic signature in preoperative upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. The most specifically upregulated metabolite group in gastrointestinal cancer patients was ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate, P < 0.0001; acetoacetate, P < 0.0001; acetone, P < 0.0001; false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted). Increased glycerol levels (P < 0.0001), increased concentration of the ketogenic amino acid lysine (P = 0.03) and a significant correlation of 3-hydroxybutyrate levels with branched-chained amino acids (leucine, P = 0.02; isoleucine, P = 0.04 [FDR adjusted]) suggested that ketone body synthesis was driven by lipolysis and amino acid breakdown. Interestingly, the catabolic signature was independent of the body mass index, clinically assessed malnutrition using the nutritional risk screening score, and systemic inflammation assessed by CRP and leukocyte count. Longitudinal measurements and principal component analyses revealed a quick normalization of key metabolic alterations seven days post-surgery, including ketosis. CONCLUSIONS Together, the quantitative metabolic profile obtained by 1 H NMR spectroscopy identified a tumour-induced catabolic signature specific to upper gastrointestinal cancer patients and enabled monitoring restoration of metabolic homeostasis after surgery. This approach was critical to identify the obtained metabolic profile as an upper gastrointestinal cancer-specific signature independent of malnutrition and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz von Renesse
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix von Bechtolsheim
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Jonas
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Filip Komorek
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guergana Tritchkova
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronny Meisterfeld
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Funk
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Calderón-DuPont D, Torre-Villalvazo I, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Is insulin resistance tissue-dependent and substrate-specific? The role of white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Biochimie 2023; 204:48-68. [PMID: 36099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) refers to a reduction in the ability of insulin to exert its metabolic effects in organs such as adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM), leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is the main cause of IR, however not all subjects with obesity develop clinical insulin resistance, and not all clinically insulin-resistant people have obesity. Recent evidence implies that IR onset is tissue-dependent (AT or SM) and/or substrate-specific (glucometabolic or lipometabolic). Therefore, the aims of the present review are 1) to describe the glucometabolic and lipometabolic activities of insulin in AT and SM in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, 2) to discuss the pathophysiology of substrate-specific IR in AT and SM, and 3) to highlight novel validated tests to assess tissue and substrate-specific IR that are easy to perform in clinical practice. In AT, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose availability for glycerol and fatty acid synthesis, thus decreasing the esterification and synthesis of signaling bioactive lipids. Lipometabolic IR in AT impairs the antilipolytic effect of insulin and lipogenesis, leading to an increase in circulating FFAs and generating lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In SM, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose uptake, whereas lipometabolic IR impairs mitochondrial lipid oxidation, increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which lead to metabolic inflexibility. Understanding tissue-dependent and substrate-specific IR is of paramount importance for early detection before clinical manifestations and for the development of more specific treatments or direct interventions to prevent chronic life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas y Nutricíon Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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21
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Zhang C, Quinones A, Le A. Metabolic reservoir cycles in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:180-188. [PMID: 35390455 PMCID: PMC9530070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells possess various biological processes to ensure survival and proliferation even under unfavorable conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and oxidative stress. One of the defining hallmarks of cancer cells is their ability to reprogram their metabolism to suit their needs. Building on over a decade of research in the field of cancer metabolism, numerous unique metabolic capabilities are still being discovered in the present day. One recent discovery in the field of cancer metabolism that was hitherto unexpected is the ability of cancer cells to store vital metabolites in forms that can be readily converted to glucose and glutamine for later use. We called these forms "metabolic reservoirs." While many studies have been conducted on storage molecules such as glycogen, triglyceride, and phosphocreatine (PCr), few have explored the concept of "metabolic reservoirs" for cancer as a whole. In this review, we will provide an overview of this concept, the previously known reservoirs including glycogen, triglyceride, and PCr, and the new discoveries made including the newly discovered reservoirs such as N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), lactate, and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA). We will also discuss whether disrupting these reservoir cycles may be a new avenue for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cissy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Fernandez-Acosta M, Romero JI, Bernabó G, Velázquez-Campos GM, Gonzalez N, Mares ML, Werbajh S, Avendaño-Vázquez LA, Rechberger GN, Kühnlein RP, Marino-Buslje C, Cantera R, Rezaval C, Ceriani MF. orsai, the Drosophila homolog of human ETFRF1, links lipid catabolism to growth control. BMC Biol 2022; 20:233. [PMID: 36266680 PMCID: PMC9585818 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid homeostasis is an evolutionarily conserved process that is crucial for energy production, storage and consumption. Drosophila larvae feed continuously to achieve the roughly 200-fold increase in size and accumulate sufficient reserves to provide all energy and nutrients necessary for the development of the adult fly. The mechanisms controlling this metabolic program are poorly understood. Results Herein we identified a highly conserved gene, orsai (osi), as a key player in lipid metabolism in Drosophila. Lack of osi function in the larval fat body, the regulatory hub of lipid homeostasis, reduces lipid reserves and energy output, evidenced by decreased ATP production and increased ROS levels. Metabolic defects due to reduced Orsai (Osi) in time trigger defective food-seeking behavior and lethality. Further, we demonstrate that downregulation of Lipase 3, a fat body-specific lipase involved in lipid catabolism in response to starvation, rescues the reduced lipid droplet size associated with defective orsai. Finally, we show that osi-related phenotypes are rescued through the expression of its human ortholog ETFRF1/LYRm5, known to modulate the entry of β-oxidation products into the electron transport chain; moreover, knocking down electron transport flavoproteins EtfQ0 and walrus/ETFA rescues osi-related phenotypes, further supporting this mode of action. Conclusions These findings suggest that Osi may act in concert with the ETF complex to coordinate lipid homeostasis in the fat body in response to stage-specific demands, supporting cellular functions that in turn result in an adaptive behavioral response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01417-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Fernandez-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Romero
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Bernabó
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: Innovid, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giovanna M Velázquez-Campos
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nerina Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Lucía Mares
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Werbajh
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: Fundación Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Amaranta Avendaño-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: IFIBYNE-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerald N Rechberger
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald P Kühnlein
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cristina Marino-Buslje
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática Estructural, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Cantera
- Departamento de Biología del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Zoology Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Rezaval
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Fernanda Ceriani
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Gowda SGB, Yifan C, Gowda D, Tsuboi Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Analysis of Antioxidant Lipids in Five Species of Dietary Seaweeds by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081538. [PMID: 36009257 PMCID: PMC9404842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a good source of bioactive lipids and are known for their nutritional benefits, making them a valuable food source. Despite their dietary significance and nutritional importance, there are limited reports on comprehensive lipidome analysis of lipids with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the lipid profiles of five commonly consumed Japanese dietary seaweeds using non-targeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A total, of 304 molecular species from four major lipid classes were detected and characterized by MS/MS analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed distinct lipid molecular compositions in kombu and sea mustard compared to hijiki, mozuku, and laver seaweeds. Kombu has been shown to contain large amounts of antioxidants, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a high health promotion index compared to other seaweeds. Hierarchical cluster correlations indicated the predominance of glycerophospholipids (GPs) and glycerolipids (GLs) in sea mustard and kombu. As a result, dietary seaweeds have great potential as antioxidants and health-promoting foods for human consumption due to their high levels of PUFA-rich GPs and GLs. Unsaturated triacylglycerols are predominant in hijiki, whereas other health-beneficial lipids, such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols, are predominant in sea mustard. This study provides a detailed characterization of lipids and their comparative fingerprints in seaweeds, demonstrating the potential use of dietary seaweeds in biotechnological and industrial applications involving the development of functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo 0600809, Japan
| | - Chen Yifan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Yui Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 0070894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3693
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24
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Hampton GS, Bartlette K, Nadeau KJ, Cree-Green M, Diniz Behn C. Mathematical modeling reveals differential dynamics of insulin action models on glycerol and glucose in adolescent girls with obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:895118. [PMID: 35991189 PMCID: PMC9388790 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.895118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Under healthy conditions, the pancreas responds to a glucose challenge by releasing insulin. Insulin suppresses lipolysis in adipose tissue, thereby decreasing plasma glycerol concentration, and it regulates plasma glucose concentration through action in muscle and liver. Insulin resistance (IR) occurs when more insulin is required to achieve the same effects, and IR may be tissue-specific. IR emerges during puberty as a result of high concentrations of growth hormone and is worsened by youth-onset obesity. Adipose, liver, and muscle tissue exhibit distinct dose-dependent responses to insulin in multi-phase hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (HE) clamps, but the HE clamp protocol does not address potential differences in the dynamics of tissue-specific insulin responses. Changes to the dynamics of insulin responses would alter glycemic control in response to a glucose challenge. To investigate the dynamics of insulin acting on adipose tissue, we developed a novel differential-equations based model that describes the coupled dynamics of glycerol concentrations and insulin action during an oral glucose tolerance test in female adolescents with obesity and IR. We compared these dynamics to the dynamics of insulin acting on muscle and liver as assessed with the oral minimal model applied to glucose and insulin data collected under the same protocol. We found that the action of insulin on glycerol peaks approximately 67 min earlier (p < 0.001) and follows the dynamics of plasma insulin more closely compared to insulin action on glucose as assessed by the parameters representing the time constants for insulin action on glucose and glycerol (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the dynamics of insulin action show tissue-specific differences in our IR adolescent population, with adipose tissue responding to insulin more quickly compared to muscle and liver. Improved understanding of the tissue-specific dynamics of insulin action may provide novel insights into the progression of metabolic disease in patient populations with diverse metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin S. Hampton
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Kai Bartlette
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Ludeman Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Ludeman Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cecilia Diniz Behn
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Cecilia Diniz Behn,
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25
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Zhang W, He X, Yin H, Cao W, Lin T, Chen W, Diao W, Ding M, Hu H, Mo W, Zhang Q, Guo H. Allosteric activation of the metabolic enzyme GPD1 inhibits bladder cancer growth via the lysoPC-PAFR-TRPV2 axis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:93. [PMID: 35836291 PMCID: PMC9284842 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Surgical resection and chemotherapy are the two mainstream treatments for bladder cancer. However, the outcomes are not satisfactory for patients with advanced bladder cancer. There is a need to further explore more effective targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS Proteomics were performed to compare protein expression differences between human bladder cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The function of GPD1 on bladder cancer cells were confirmed through in vivo and in vitro assays. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GPD1. Virtual screening was used to identify allosteric activator of GPD1. RESULTS Here, we used proteomics to find that GPD1 expression was at low levels in bladder cancer tissues. Further investigation showed that GPD1 overexpression significantly promoted apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Based on transcriptomics and metabolomics, GPD1 promotes Ca2+ influx and apoptosis of tumor cells via the lysoPC-PAFR-TRPV2 axis. Finally, we performed a virtual screening to obtain the GPD1 allosteric activator wedelolactone and demonstrated its ability to inhibit bladder tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that GPD1 may act as a novel tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. Pharmacological activation of GPD1 is a potential therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoli Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmin Cao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingsheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Diao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Mo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Macronutrient Proportions and Fat Type Impact Ketogenicity and Shape the Circulating Lipidome in Dogs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070591. [PMID: 35888715 PMCID: PMC9324443 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological processes including ketogenesis are similar in dogs and humans, but there is little information available on the effect of carbohydrate restriction in dogs. Here, the ketogenicity and serum metabolic profiles of dogs were assessed after they had consumed high carbohydrate (HiCHO); high protein, low carbohydrate (PROT_LoCHO); or high fat, low carbohydrate (FAT_LoCHO) foods. Thirty-six dogs were fed HiCHO for 4 weeks, then randomized to PROT_LoCHO or FAT_LoCHO for 5 weeks. Dogs then crossed over to the other food for an additional 5 weeks. Generally, reduction of dietary carbohydrate by replacement with either protein or fat increased the energy required to maintain body weight, and fat had a greater effect. Postabsorptive energy availability derived mainly from glucose and triglycerides with HiCHO, from gluconeogenic amino acids and fatty acids with PROT_LoCHO, and from fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate with FAT_LoCHO. This study demonstrated that the reduction of carbohydrate in canine foods is potentially beneficial to dogs based on improvements in metabolism and supports the use of low-carbohydrate foods as safe and effective for healthy adult dogs.
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27
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Dietary Copper Deficiency Leads to Changes in Gene Expression Indicating an Increased Demand for NADH in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Rat's Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126706. [PMID: 35743150 PMCID: PMC9224161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential element to brain cells as it is a cofactor and a structural component of various enzymes involved in energy metabolism pathways. Accumulating evidence points to the pivotal role of copper deficiency in neurodegeneration resulting from impaired copper homeostasis. Despite the indisputable role of copper in mitochondrial respiration, its homeostasis regulation in the brain tissue remains unclear. The assessment of changes in the expression of genes encoding key pathways of energy metabolism can greatly benefit further studies exploring copper’s role in neurodegeneration. Using a rat model, we investigate whether the replacement of the inorganic form of copper with metallic nanoparticles containing copper or complete deprivation of copper from the diet have an impact on the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the rats’ brain. Herein, we indicate that removing inorganic copper from the normal standard diet or the replacement with copper nanoparticles can lead to programmed energy metabolism changes. It can be recognized that some of these changes indicate an increased demand for NADH in the prefrontal cortex of the rat’s brain, probably as a result of adaptation effect.
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28
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Kerr AG, Wang Z, Wang N, Kwok KHM, Jalkanen J, Ludzki A, Lecoutre S, Langin D, Bergo MO, Dahlman I, Mim C, Arner P, Gao H. The long noncoding RNA ADIPINT regulates human adipocyte metabolism via pyruvate carboxylase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2958. [PMID: 35618718 PMCID: PMC9135762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic function of long noncoding RNAs is well recognized, but their direct role in governing metabolic homeostasis is less understood. Here, we describe a human adipocyte-specific lncRNA, ADIPINT, that regulates pyruvate carboxylase, a pivotal enzyme in energy metabolism. We developed an approach, Targeted RNA-protein identification using Orthogonal Organic Phase Separation, which identifies that ADIPINT binds to pyruvate carboxylase and validated the interaction with electron microscopy. ADIPINT knockdown alters the interactome and decreases the abundance and enzymatic activity of pyruvate carboxylase in the mitochondria. Reduced ADIPINT or pyruvate carboxylase expression lowers adipocyte lipid synthesis, breakdown, and lipid content. In human white adipose tissue, ADIPINT expression is increased in obesity and linked to fat cell size, adipose insulin resistance, and pyruvate carboxylase activity. Thus, we identify ADIPINT as a regulator of lipid metabolism in human white adipocytes, which at least in part is mediated through its interaction with pyruvate carboxylase. Adipocyte-expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Here the authors describe a human adipocyte-specific lncRNA, ADIPINT, which regulates lipid metabolism in white adipocytes in part through its interaction with the metabolic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G Kerr
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Zuoneng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Royal Technical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Kelvin H M Kwok
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden
| | - Jutta Jalkanen
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Alison Ludzki
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Carsten Mim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Royal Technical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
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29
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Localization of aquaglyceroporins in human and murine white adipose tissue. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:623-639. [PMID: 35235046 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The glycerol channel AQP7 facilitates glycerol efflux from adipose tissue (AT), and AQP7 deficiency has been suggested to promote obesity. However, the release of glycerol from AT is not fully blocked in AQP7-deficient mice, which suggests that either alternative glycerol channels are present in AT or significant simple diffusion of glycerol occurs. Previous investigations of the expression of other aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, AQP9, AQP10) than AQP7 in AT are contradictory. Therefore, we here aim at determining the cellular localization of AQP3 and AQP9 in addition to AQP7 in human and mouse AT using well-characterized antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting as well as available single-cell transcriptomic data from human and mouse AT. We confirm that AQP7 is expressed in endothelial cells and adipocytes in human AT and find ex vivo evidence for interaction between AQP7 and perilipin-1 in adipocytes. In addition, labeling for AQP7 in human AT also includes CD68-positive cells. No labeling for AQP3 or AQP9 was identified in endothelial cells or adipocytes in human or mouse AT using IHC. Instead, in human AT, AQP3 was predominantly found in erythrocytes, whereas AQP9 expression was observed in a small number of CD15-positive cells. The transcriptomic data revealed that AQP3 mRNA was found in a low number of cells in most of the identified cell clusters, whereas AQP9 mRNA was found in myeloid cell clusters as well as in clusters likely representing mesothelial progenitor cells. No AQP10 mRNA was identified in human AT. In conclusion, the presented results do not suggest a functional overlap between AQP3/AQP9/AQP10 and AQP7 in human or mouse white AT.
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Li Y, Li Z, Ngandiri DA, Llerins Perez M, Wolf A, Wang Y. The Molecular Brakes of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826314. [PMID: 35283787 PMCID: PMC8907745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to changes in energy availability is pivotal for the survival of animals. Adipose tissue, the body’s largest reservoir of energy and a major source of metabolic fuel, exerts a buffering function for fluctuations in nutrient availability. This functional plasticity ranges from energy storage in the form of triglycerides during periods of excess energy intake to energy mobilization via lipolysis in the form of free fatty acids for other organs during states of energy demands. The subtle balance between energy storage and mobilization is important for whole-body energy homeostasis; its disruption has been implicated as contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cancer cachexia. As a result, adipocyte lipolysis is tightly regulated by complex regulatory mechanisms involving lipases and hormonal and biochemical signals that have opposing effects. In thermogenic brown and brite adipocytes, lipolysis stimulation is the canonical way for the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis. Lipolysis proceeds in an orderly and delicately regulated manner, with stimulation through cell-surface receptors via neurotransmitters, hormones, and autocrine/paracrine factors that activate various intracellular signal transduction pathways and increase kinase activity. The subsequent phosphorylation of perilipins, lipases, and cofactors initiates the translocation of key lipases from the cytoplasm to lipid droplets and enables protein-protein interactions to assemble the lipolytic machinery on the scaffolding perilipins at the surface of lipid droplets. Although activation of lipolysis has been well studied, the feedback fine-tuning is less well appreciated. This review focuses on the molecular brakes of lipolysis and discusses some of the divergent fine-tuning strategies in the negative feedback regulation of lipolysis, including delicate negative feedback loops, intermediary lipid metabolites-mediated allosteric regulation and dynamic protein–protein interactions. As aberrant adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various metabolic diseases and releasing the brakes on lipolysis in thermogenic adipocytes may activate thermogenesis, targeting adipocyte lipolysis is thus of therapeutic interest.
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Brownstein AJ, Veliova M, Acin-Perez R, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. ATP-consuming futile cycles as energy dissipating mechanisms to counteract obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:121-131. [PMID: 34741717 PMCID: PMC8873062 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from an imbalance in energy homeostasis, whereby excessive energy intake exceeds caloric expenditure. Energy can be dissipated out of an organism by producing heat (thermogenesis), explaining the long-standing interest in exploiting thermogenic processes to counteract obesity. Mitochondrial uncoupling is a process that expends energy by oxidizing nutrients to produce heat, instead of ATP synthesis. Energy can also be dissipated through mechanisms that do not involve mitochondrial uncoupling. Such mechanisms include futile cycles described as metabolic reactions that consume ATP to produce a product from a substrate but then converting the product back into the original substrate, releasing the energy as heat. Energy dissipation driven by cellular ATP demand can be regulated by adjusting the speed and number of futile cycles. Energy consuming futile cycles that are reviewed here are lipolysis/fatty acid re-esterification cycle, creatine/phosphocreatine cycle, and the SERCA-mediated calcium import and export cycle. Their reliance on ATP emphasizes that mitochondrial oxidative function coupled to ATP synthesis, and not just uncoupling, can play a role in thermogenic energy dissipation. Here, we review ATP consuming futile cycles, the evidence for their function in humans, and their potential employment as a strategy to dissipate energy and counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Brownstein
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Gao T, Wilkins JT, Zheng Y, Joyce BT, Jacobs DR, Schreiner PJ, Horvath S, Greenland P, Lloyd-Jones D, Hou L. Plasma lipid profiles in early adulthood are associated with epigenetic aging in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:16. [PMID: 35101102 PMCID: PMC8805309 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GrimAge acceleration (GAA), an epigenetic marker that represents physiologic aging, is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the associations between early adulthood lipid levels and GAA in midlife are unknown. Also, it is unknown whether GAA mediates the associations between lipid levels in young adults and subclinical atherosclerosis in midlife. Results We estimated measures of epigenetic age acceleration in 1118 White and Black participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study at examination years (Y) 15 and 20. We used multivariable regression models to examine associations of Y15 and Y20 GAA estimates with plasma lipid levels measured at prior examination years (Y0, Y5, and Y10) and concurrently: triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Mediation analysis was used to assess the extent to which GAA may mediate associations between plasma lipids and coronary artery calcification (CAC). In our study each 1-SD higher cumulative TG level was associated with an average 0.73 ± 0.12 years older GAA. Each 1-SD higher cumulative HDL-C level was associated with an average 0.57 ± 0.17 years younger GAA. Stratified analyses showed that the associations between TG and GAA were stronger among female and Black participants and the associations between HDL-C and GAA were stronger among female and White participants. GAA statistically mediated 17.4% of the association of cumulative TG with CAC. Conclusions High TG and low HDL-C in early adulthood are associated with accelerated epigenetic aging by midlife. Increased epigenetic age acceleration may partially mediate the associations between high TG levels and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01222-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John T Wilkins
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Joyce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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Karaosmanoglu Yoneten K, Kasap M, Arga KY, Akpinar G, Utkan NZ. Decreased serum levels of glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 1 and monoacylglycerol lipase act as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:67-76. [PMID: 34657876 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most life-threatening cancer types among women. Despite major developments in medical sciences and technologies, the incidence and mortality rates of BC cases are still increasing. One of the reasons for this increase is the absence of an easy to perform early-diagnostic tool. Although there are defined BC biomarkers routinely used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, none of these biomarkers is useful for early diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of BC remains an important challenge and there is a great need for the early-diagnostic biomarker(s). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) proteins as non-invasive serum biomarkers. METHODS GPD1 and MAGL serum levels were determined by ELISA for BC patients (n= 100) from five different subtypes, and healthy controls (n= 20), and a comparative analysis was performed to determine statistically significant expression differences among the groups. RESULTS The results provided evidence that GPD1 acted as a diagnostic biomarker in distinguishing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients from other subtypes, and MAGL acted as a diagnostic biomarker in distinguishing healthy individuals from BC patients. CONCLUSION GPD1 and MAGL might be proposed as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for BC with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nihat Zafer Utkan
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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The New Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Regulating Fat Metabolism and Energy Expenditure in Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121757. [PMID: 34944402 PMCID: PMC8698496 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the body, which is triggered by a body energy intake larger than body energy consumption. Due to complications such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obstructive pneumonia and arthritis, as well as high mortality, morbidity and economic cost, obesity has become a major health problem. The global prevalence of obesity, and its comorbidities is escalating at alarming rates, demanding the development of additional classes of therapeutics to reduce the burden of disease further. As a central energy sensor, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently been elucidated to play a paramount role in fat synthesis and catabolism, especially in regulating the energy expenditure of brown/beige adipose tissue and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). This review discussed the role of AMPK in fat metabolism in adipose tissue, emphasizing its role in the energy expenditure of brown/beige adipose tissue and browning of WAT. A deeper understanding of the role of AMPK in regulating fat metabolism and energy expenditure can provide new insights into obesity research and treatment.
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Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (C. colocynthis) may benefit patients at different phases of diabetes by attuning to contrasting situations. Our primary objective was to find the mechanism(s) behind the antidiabetic/anti-hyperlipidemic effects of C.colocynthis seed aqueous extract (CCAE) in two different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats.
Methods
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, body weights, and the degree of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured in healthy nondiabetic control rats (Con), as well as rats with early and late stages of T2D, denoted as ET2D and LT2D, respectively. CCAE was intraperitoneally (IP) injected for 28 days. In the end, the hepatic mRNA expression levels of the following genes were determined by RT-PCR: glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin-dependent sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). The liver was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil-Red O staining. CCAE was partially analyzed by HPLC-DAD.
Results
ET2D and LT2D were characterized by differentially elevated FBS, deteriorated bodyweight, and significant IGT compared to Con. Hepatosteatoses of varying morphologies and higher hepatic expression of G6Pase than PRPCK in ET2D versus the opposite in LT2D further confirmed the divergent nature of metabolic aberrations. At the end of 28 days, the high levels of FBS, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), urea, hepatic protein carbonyl content (PCC), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (AST and ALT, respectively) persisted in untreated LT2D. CCAE ameliorated oxidative stress and upregulated PPARα expression in diabetic groups and Con; it downregulated CPT1 expression in the LT2D group. CCAE’s ability to lower FBS and serum and hepatic TG in both ET2D and LT2D indicated its ability to act via different mechanisms. Ferulic acid (Fer A) and rutin hydrate (RH) were detected in CCAE.
Conclusion
CCAE lowered the FBS in ET2D via inhibiting the hepatic G6Pase expression (glycogenolysis). In LT2D, CCAE abated sugar levels by diverting PEPCK activity, preferably towards glyceroneogenesis than gluconeogenesis. The preserved triglyceride/fatty acid (TG/FA) cycle, the upregulated PPARα, and the downregulated CPT1 gene expressions reduced serum and hepatic TG.
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Karl F, Hudecek M, Berberich-Siebelt F, Mackensen A, Mougiakakos D. T-Cell Metabolism in Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760008. [PMID: 34777373 PMCID: PMC8586445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents the only curative treatment option for numerous hematological malignancies. Elimination of malignant cells depends on the T-cells' Graft-versus-Tumor (GvT) effect. However, Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD), often co-occurring with GvT, remains an obstacle for therapeutic efficacy. Hence, approaches, which selectively alleviate GvHD without compromising GvT activity, are needed. As already explored for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, immuno-metabolic interventions pose a promising option to address this unmet challenge. Being embedded in a complex regulatory framework, immunological and metabolic pathways are closely intertwined, which is demonstrated by metabolic reprograming of T-cells upon activation or differentiation. In this review, current knowledge on the immuno-metabolic signature of GvHD-driving T-cells is summarized and approaches to metabolically interfere are outlined. Furthermore, we address the metabolic impact of standard medications for GvHD treatment and prophylaxis, which, in conjunction with the immuno-metabolic profile of alloreactive T-cells, could allow more targeted interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Karl
- Department of Medicine 5, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Medicine 5, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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Sezer S, Kaya S, Behram M, Dağ İ. Increased maternal serum aquaporin 9 levels in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:18-23. [PMID: 34470136 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1970131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine maternal serum aquaporin 9 levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and to compare them with non-diabetic pregnant women. METHODS Forty-one pregnant women between 37 and 39 weeks of gestation complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus and 39 non-diabetic pregnant women at similar gestational weeks without additional obstetric complications were included in this cross-sectional study. Maternal serum aquaporin 9 levels and leptin levels of the cases were measured. RESULTS Maternal serum leptin and aquaporin 9 levels in pregnant women with GDM were found to be significantly higher than in the control group (p < .001). In the study group, first-minute Apgar scores were significantly lower and birth weight significantly higher (p = .001 and .005, respectively). A weak but significant positive correlation between aquaporin 9 levels and maternal body mass index (r = 0.279, p = .012), birth weight (r = 0.433, p < .001), and hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.354, p = .001) levels was detected. A significant positive correlation was detected between maternal serum aquaporin 9 levels and leptin levels (r = 0.331, p = .003). CONCLUSION The increased aquaporin 9 levels detected in cases with gestational diabetes mellitus might be a marker of the poor maternal metabolic environment specific to diabetes and might contribute to the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Sezer
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, İstanbul Esenyurt University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kaya
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Bağcılar Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Behram
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Dağ
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Eyüp State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Son YJ, Jung DS, Shin JM, Erdenebileg S, Nho CW. Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. ethanol extract attenuates metabolic syndrome symptoms in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by activating adiponectin/AMPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Han X, Ye H. Overview of Lipidomic Analysis of Triglyceride Molecular Species in Biological Lipid Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8895-8909. [PMID: 33606510 PMCID: PMC8374006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) is a class of neutral lipids, which functions as an energy storage depot and is important for cellular growth, metabolism, and function. The composition and content of TG molecular species are crucial factors for nutritional aspects in food chemistry and are directly associated with several diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, stroke, etc. As a result of the complexities of aliphatic moieties and their different connections/locations to the glycerol backbone in TG molecules, accurate identification of individual TG molecular species and quantitative assessment of TG composition and content are particularly challenging, even at the current stage of lipidomics development. Herein, methods developed for analysis of TG species, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with a variety of columns and different mass spectrometric techniques, shotgun lipidomics approaches, and ion-mobility-based analysis, are reviewed. Moreover, the potential limitations of the methods are discussed. It is our sincere hope that the overviews and discussions can provide some insights for researchers to select an appropriate approach for TG analysis and can serve as the basis for those who would like to establish a methodology for TG analysis or develop a new method when novel tools become available. Biologically accurate analysis of TG species with an enabling method should lead us toward improving the nutritional quality, revealing the effects of TG on diseases, and uncovering the underlying biochemical mechanisms related to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Departments of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Hongping Ye
- Department of Medicine - Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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Wang Z, Cheng Y, Su W, Zhang H, Li C, Routledge MN, Gong Y, Qiao B. Organ Specific Differences in Alteration of Aquaporin Expression in Rats Treated with Sennoside A, Senna Anthraquinones and Rhubarb Anthraquinones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158026. [PMID: 34360801 PMCID: PMC8347161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senna and rhubarb are often used as routine laxatives, but there are differences in mechanism of action and potential side effects. Here, we studied metabolites of senna anthraquinones (SAQ), rhubarb anthraquinones (RAQ) and their chemical marker, sennoside A (SA), in a rat diarrhea model. In in vitro biotransformation experiments, SAQ, RAQ and SA were incubated with rat fecal flora solution and the metabolites produced were analyzed using HPLC. In in vivo studies, the same compounds were investigated for purgation induction, with measurement of histopathology and Aqps gene expression in six organs. The results indicated that SAQ and RAQ had similar principal constituents but could be degraded into different metabolites. A similar profile of Aqps down-regulation for all compounds was seen in the colon, suggesting a similar mechanism of action for purgation. However, in the kidneys and livers of the diarrhea-rats, down-regulation of Aqps was found in the RAQ-rats whereas up-regulation of Aqps was seen in the SAQ-rats. Furthermore, the RAQ-rats showed lower Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys, whilst the SA-rats and SAQ-rats had higher Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys. This may have implications for side effects of SAQ or RAQ in patients with chronic kidney or liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenting Su
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chu Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Michael N. Routledge
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (M.N.R.); (B.Q.)
| | - Yunyun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Boling Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.R.); (B.Q.)
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Kobayashi M, Deguchi Y, Nozaki Y, Higami Y. Contribution of PGC-1α to Obesity- and Caloric Restriction-Related Physiological Changes in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116025. [PMID: 34199596 PMCID: PMC8199692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression by interacting with several transcription factors. White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly comprises adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy resource and secrete adipokines. The characteristics of WAT vary in response to systemic and chronic metabolic alterations, including obesity or caloric restriction. Despite a small amount of mitochondria in white adipocytes, accumulated evidence suggests that mitochondria are strongly related to adipocyte-specific functions, such as adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as oxidative metabolism for energy supply. Therefore, PGC-1α is expected to play an important role in WAT. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of mitochondria and PGC-1α with obesity- and caloric restriction-related physiological changes in adipocytes and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Deguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
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Montastier É, Ye RZ, Noll C, Bouffard L, Fortin M, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Lewis GF, Carpentier AC. Increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid efflux from adipose tissue in prediabetes is offset by enhanced dietary fatty acid adipose trapping. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1093-E1106. [PMID: 33870714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00619.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance in the circulation in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is due to increased adipose tissue lipolysis but could also be contributed to by reduced adipose tissue (AT) dietary fatty acid (DFA) trapping and increased "spillover" into the circulation. Thirty-one subjects with IGT (14 women, 17 men) and 29 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 15 women, 14 men) underwent a meal test with oral and intravenous palmitate tracers and the oral [18F]-fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid positron emission tomography method. Postprandial palmitate appearance (Rapalmitate) was higher in IGT versus NGT (P < 0.001), driven exclusively by Rapalmitate from obesity-associated increase in intracellular lipolysis (P = 0.01), as Rapalmitate from DFA spillover was not different between the groups (P = 0.19) and visceral AT DFA trapping was even higher in IGT versus NGT (P = 0.02). Plasma glycerol appearance was lower in IGT (P = 0.01), driven down by insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion. Thus, we found higher AT DFA trapping, limiting spillover to lean organs and in part offsetting the increase in Rapalmitate from intracellular lipolysis. Whether similar findings occur in frank diabetes, a condition also characterized by insulin resistance but relative insulin deficiency, requires further investigation (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04088344, NCT02808182).NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found higher adipose tissue dietary fatty acid trapping, limiting spillover to lean organs, that in part offsets the increase in appearance rate of palmitate from intracellular lipolysis in prediabetes. These results point to the adaptive nature of adipose tissue trapping and dietary fatty acid spillover as a protective mechanism against excess obesity-related palmitate appearance rate from intracellular adipose tissue lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Montastier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Galli M, Hameed A, Żbikowski A, Zabielski P. Aquaporins in insulin resistance and diabetes: More than channels! Redox Biol 2021; 44:102027. [PMID: 34090243 PMCID: PMC8182305 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are part of the family of the integral membrane proteins. Their function is dedicated to the transport of water, glycerol, ammonia, urea, H2O2, and other small molecules across the biological membranes. Although for many years they were scarcely considered, AQPs have a relevant role in the development of many diseases. Recent discoveries suggest, that AQPs may play an important role in the process of fat accumulation and regulation of oxidative stress, two crucial aspects of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance (IR) and T2D are multi-faceted systemic diseases with multiple connections to obesity and other comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Both IR and T2D transcends different tissues and organs, creating the maze of mutual relationships between adipose fat depots, skeletal muscle, liver and other insulin-sensitive organs. AQPs with their heterogenous properties, distinctive tissue distribution and documented involvement in both the lipid metabolism and regulation of the oxidative stress appear to be feasible candidates in the search for the explanation to this third-millennium plague. A lot of research has been assigned to adipose tissue AQP7 and liver tissue AQP9, clarifying their relationship and coordinated work in the induction of hepatic insulin resistance. Novel research points also to other aquaporins, such as AQP11 which may be associated with the induction of insulin resistance and T2D through its involvement in hydrogen peroxide transport. In this review we collected recent discoveries in the field of AQP's involvement in the insulin resistance and T2D. Novel paths which connect AQPs with metabolic disorders can give new fuel to the research on obesity, insulin resistance and T2D - one of the most worrying problems of the modern society. Presentation of the current knowledge on the involvement of aquaporins in disease state. Overview on latest research regarding insulin resistance and AQPs. Conceptualisation of an AQPs network involved regulation of lipid-related metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Galli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ahsan Hameed
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Żbikowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
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Yu S, Meng S, Xiang M, Ma H. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cell metabolism: Roles and mechanisms beyond gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101257. [PMID: 34020084 PMCID: PMC8190478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) has been almost exclusively recognized as a critical enzyme in gluconeogenesis, especially in the liver and kidney. Accumulating evidence has shown that the enhanced activity of PCK leads to increased glucose output and exacerbation of diabetes, whereas the defects of PCK result in lethal hypoglycemia. Genetic mutations or polymorphisms are reported to be related to the onset and progression of diabetes in humans. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent studies revealed that the PCK pathway is more complex than just gluconeogenesis, depending on the health or disease condition. Dysregulation of PCK may contribute to the development of obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, and cancer. Moreover, a regulatory network with multiple layers, from epigenetic regulation, transcription regulation, to posttranscription regulation, precisely tunes the expression of PCK. Deciphering the molecular basis that regulates PCK may pave the way for developing practical strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of the PCK enzyme in cells, especially beyond gluconeogenesis. We highlight the distinct functions of PCK isoforms (PCK1 and PCK2), depict a detailed network regulating PCK's expression, and discuss its clinical relevance. We also discuss the therapeutic potential targeting PCK and the future direction that is highly in need to better understand PCK-mediated signaling under diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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46
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Ma R, Wu Y, Li S, Yu X. Interplay Between Glucose Metabolism and Chromatin Modifications in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654337. [PMID: 33987181 PMCID: PMC8110832 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram glucose metabolism to meet their malignant proliferation needs and survival under a variety of stress conditions. The prominent metabolic reprogram is aerobic glycolysis, which can help cells accumulate precursors for biosynthesis of macromolecules. In addition to glycolysis, recent studies show that gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle play important roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review about the role of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle in tumorigenesis with an emphasis on revealing the novel functions of the relevant enzymes and metabolites. These functions include regulation of cell metabolism, gene expression, cell apoptosis and autophagy. We also summarize the effect of glucose metabolism on chromatin modifications and how this relationship leads to cancer development. Understanding the link between cancer cell metabolism and chromatin modifications will help develop more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xilan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Tardelli M, Stulnig TM. Aquaporin regulation in metabolic organs. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 112:71-93. [PMID: 32061350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of 13 small trans-membrane proteins, which facilitate shuttling of glycerol, water and urea. The peculiar role of AQPs in glycerol transport makes them attractive targets in metabolic organs since glycerol represents the backbone of triglyceride synthesis. Importantly, AQPs are known to be regulated by various nuclear receptors which in turn govern lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammatory cascades. Here, we review the role of AQPs regulation in metabolic organs exploring their physiological impact in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Carpentier AC. 100 th anniversary of the discovery of insulin perspective: insulin and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E653-E670. [PMID: 33522398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin inhibits systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux to a greater degree than glucose or any other metabolite. This remarkable effect is mainly due to insulin-mediated inhibition of intracellular triglyceride (TG) lipolysis in adipose tissues and is essential to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, but also to limit the potential lipotoxic effects of NEFA in lean tissues that contribute to the development of diabetes complications. Insulin also regulates adipose tissue fatty acid esterification, glycerol and TG synthesis, lipogenesis, and possibly oxidation, contributing to the trapping of dietary fatty acids in the postprandial state. Excess NEFA flux at a given insulin level has been used to define in vivo adipose tissue insulin resistance. Adipose tissue insulin resistance defined in this fashion has been associated with several dysmetabolic features and complications of diabetes, but the mechanistic significance of this concept is not fully understood. This review focusses on the in vivo regulation of adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism by insulin and the mechanistic significance of the current definition of adipose tissue insulin resistance. One hundred years after the discovery of insulin and despite decades of investigations, much is still to be understood about the multifaceted in vivo actions of this hormone on adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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49
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Involvement of aquaglyceroporins in energy metabolism in health and disease. Biochimie 2021; 188:20-34. [PMID: 33689852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins are a group of the aquaporin (AQP) family of transmembrane water channels. While AQPs facilitate the passage of water, small solutes, and gases across biological membranes, aquaglyceroporins allow passage of water, glycerol, urea and some other solutes. Thanks to their glycerol permeability, aquaglyceroporins are involved in energy homeostasis. This review provides an overview of what is currently known concerning the functional implication and control of aquaglyceroporins in tissues involved in energy metabolism, i.e. liver, adipose tissue and endocrine pancreas. The expression, role and (dys)regulation of aquaglyceroporins in disorders affecting energy metabolism, and the potential relevance of aquaglyceroporins as drug targets to treat the alterations of the energy balance is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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50
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Oliveira CLP, Boulé NG, Sharma AM, Elliott SA, Siervo M, Ghosh S, Berg A, Prado CM. A high-protein total diet replacement increases energy expenditure and leads to negative fat balance in healthy, normal-weight adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:476-487. [PMID: 33247306 PMCID: PMC7851826 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-protein diets and total diet replacements are becoming increasingly popular for weight loss; however, further research is needed to elucidate their impact on the mechanisms involved in weight regulation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this inpatient metabolic balance study was to compare the impact of a high-protein total diet replacement (HP-TDR) versus a control diet (CON) on select components of energy metabolism in healthy adults of both sexes. METHODS The acute intervention was a randomized, controlled, crossover design with participants allocated to 2 isocaloric arms: 1) HP-TDR: 35% carbohydrate, 40% protein, and 25% fat achieved through a nutritional supplement; 2) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Participants received the prescribed diets for 32 h while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit (WBCU). The first dietary intervention randomly offered in the WBCU was designed to maintain energy balance and the second matched what was offered during the first stay. Energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidation rates and balances, and metabolic blood markers were assessed. Body composition was measured at baseline using DXA. RESULTS Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (19 females and 24 males) were included. Compared with the CON diet, the HP-TDR produced higher total energy expenditure [(EE) 81 ± 82 kcal/d, P <0.001], protein and fat oxidation rates (38 ± 34 g/d, P <0.001; 8 ± 20 g/d, P = 0.013, respectively), and a lower carbohydrate oxidation rate (-38 ± 43 g/d, P <0.001). Moreover, a HP-TDR led to decreased energy (-112 ± 85 kcal/d; P <0.001), fat (-22 ± 20 g/d; P <0.001), and carbohydrate balances (-69 ± 44 g/d; P <0.001), and increased protein balance (90 ± 32 g/d; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our primary findings were that a HP-TDR led to higher total EE, increased fat oxidation, and negative fat balance. These results suggest that a HP-TDR may promote fat loss compared with a conventional isocaloric diet. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02811276 and NCT03565510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L P Oliveira
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Normand G Boulé
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah A Elliott
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aloys Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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