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Noels H, Jankowski V, Schunk SJ, Vanholder R, Kalim S, Jankowski J. Post-translational modifications in kidney diseases and associated cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:495-512. [PMID: 38664592 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased cardiovascular risk compared with the general population, which is driven, at least in part, by mechanisms that are uniquely associated with kidney disease. In CKD, increased levels of oxidative stress and uraemic retention solutes, including urea and advanced glycation end products, enhance non-enzymatic post-translational modification events, such as protein oxidation, glycation, carbamylation and guanidinylation. Alterations in enzymatic post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation are also detected in CKD. Post-translational modifications can alter the structure and function of proteins and lipoprotein particles, thereby affecting cellular processes. In CKD, evidence suggests that post-translationally modified proteins can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis, and induce vascular damage or prothrombotic effects, which might contribute to CKD progression and/or increase cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. Consequently, post-translational protein modifications prevalent in CKD might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers and indicators of disease activity that could be used to guide and evaluate therapeutic interventions, in addition to providing potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Clemen R, Minkus L, Singer D, Schulan P, von Woedtke T, Wende K, Bekeschus S. Multi-Oxidant Environment as a Suicidal Inhibitor of Myeloperoxidase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1936. [PMID: 38001789 PMCID: PMC10668958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inflammation drives the infiltration of innate immune cells that generate reactive species to kill bacteria and recruit adaptive immune cells. Neutrophil activation fosters the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme, a heme-containing protein generating hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride ions. MPO-dependent oxidant formation initiates bioactive oxidation and chlorination products and induces oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) on proteins and lipid oxidation. Besides HOCl and H2O2, further reactive species such as singlet oxygen and nitric oxide are generated in inflammation, leading to modified proteins, potentially resulting in their altered bioactivity. So far, knowledge about multiple free radical-induced modifications of MPO and its effects on HOCl generation is lacking. To mimic this multi-oxidant microenvironment, human MPO was exposed to several reactive species produced simultaneously via argon plasma operated at body temperature. Several molecular gas admixes were used to modify the reactive species type profiles generated. MPO was investigated by studying its oxPTMs, changes in protein structure, and enzymatic activity. MPO activity was significantly reduced after treatment with all five tested plasma gas conditions. Dynamic light scattering and CD-spectroscopy revealed altered MPO protein morphology indicative of oligomerization. Using mass spectrometry, various oxPTMs, such as +1O, +2O, and +3O, were determined on methionine and cysteine (Cys), and -1H-1N+1O was detected in asparagine (Asp). The modification types identified differed between argon-oxygen and argon-nitrogen plasmas. However, all plasma gas conditions led to the deamidation of Asp and oxidation of Cys residues, suggesting an inactivation of MPO due to oxPTM-mediated conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Minkus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Schulan
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Li JX, Tian R, Lu N. Quercetin Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Mice by Inhibiting Myeloperoxidase and NADPH Oxidase Function. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:260-269. [PMID: 36719041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) exhibits a unique property to use H2O2 to oxidize chloride and lead to the generation of a strong oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which plays important roles in atherosclerosis. A lot of evidence indicates that quercetin, a natural polyphenol derived from human diet, effectively contributes to cardiovascular health. Herein, we found that dietary quercetin significantly inhibited vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that dietary quercetin effectively suppressed the MPO level and activity in the vessels of ApoE-/- animals, and p47phox expression and NADPH oxidase activity were simultaneously attenuated after quercetin treatment. In vascular endothelial cells, NADPH oxidase was demonstrated to be the major source of H2O2 formation. Moreover, quercetin effectively attenuated MPO/H2O2-mediated HOCl production and toxicity to human vascular endothelial cells, and this compound was not toxic. The inhibitory effect on MPO activity was likely attributed to that quercetin significantly inhibited NADPH oxidase-derived H2O2 formation in human endothelial cells and could act as an effective mediator for MPO intermediates, subsequently preventing HOCl production by the MPO/H2O2 system. Collectively, it was suggested that quercetin effectively suppressed endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic vasculature through the reduction of MPO/NADPH oxidase-mediated HOCl production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Rong Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Myrtenal in High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5717-5733. [PMID: 35804285 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of death worldwide is atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ACD). Myrtenal was studied to determine control rats were given standard diets and a high-fat diet was given to AS model groups. Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ACD) is globally attributed to being a predominant cause of mortality. While the beneficial effects of Myrtenal, the monoterpene from natural compounds, are increasingly being acknowledged, its anti-atherosclerotic activity has not been demonstrated clearly. The present study is proposed to determine the anti-atherosclerotic activity of Myrtenal in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis (AS) rat models. Control groups were maintained with standard diets, the AS model rats were provided a high-fat diet, two of the experimental groups fed with a high-fat diet were treated with Myrtenal (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), and one experimental group on high-fat diet was treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg) for 30 days. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using kits. The lipoproteins and the lipid profile were estimated using an auto-analyzer. The atherogenic index and marker enzyme activities were also determined. Serum concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), thromboxaneB2 (TXB2), endothelin (ET), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The AS model groups indicated altered lipid profile, lipoprotein content, atherogenic index, calcium levels, HMG-CoA reductase activity, collagen level, and mild mineralization indicating atherosclerosis, while the AS-induced Myrtenal-treated groups demonstrated anti-atherogenic activity. The Myrtenal-treated groups exhibited a decreased TC, TG, and LDLc levels; increased HDLc levels; and a decline in the inflammatory cytokines such as CRP, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-18 when compared to the untreated AS rats. Furthermore, Myrtenal decreased ET, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α levels indicating its anti-atherosclerotic activity. The study results thus indicate that Myrtenal modulates the lipid metabolic pathway to exert its anti-atherosclerotic activity.
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Myeloid leukocytes' diverse effects on cardiovascular and systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:38. [PMID: 35896846 PMCID: PMC9329413 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease's prevalence rises globally. Whereas dialysis treatment replaces the kidney's filtering function and prolongs life, dreaded consequences in remote organs develop inevitably over time. Even milder reductions in kidney function not requiring replacement therapy associate with bacterial infections, cardiovascular and heart valve disease, which markedly limit prognosis in these patients. The array of complications is diverse and engages a wide gamut of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The innate immune system is profoundly and systemically altered in chronic kidney disease and, as a unifying element, partakes in many of the disease's complications. As such, a derailed immune system fuels cardiovascular disease progression but also elevates the propensity for serious bacterial infections. Recent data further point towards a role in developing calcific aortic valve stenosis. Here, we delineate the current state of knowledge on how chronic kidney disease affects innate immunity in cardiovascular organs and on a systemic level. We review the role of circulating myeloid cells, monocytes and neutrophils, resident macrophages, dendritic cells, ligands, and cellular pathways that are activated or suppressed when renal function is chronically impaired. Finally, we discuss myeloid cells' varying responses to uremia from a systems immunology perspective.
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Jin Z, Zhou L, Tian R, Lu N. Myeloperoxidase Targets Apolipoprotein A-I for Site-Specific Tyrosine Chlorination in Atherosclerotic Lesions and Generates Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1672-1680. [PMID: 33861588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is an important target for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed tyrosine chlorination in the circulation of subjects with cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of apoA-I by MPO has been reported to deprive HDL of its protective properties. However, the potential effects of MPO-mediated site-specific tyrosine chlorination of apoA-I on dysfunctional HDL formation and atherosclerosis was unclear. Herein, Tyr192 in apoA-I was found to be the major chlorination site in both lesion and plasma HDL from humans with atherosclerosis, while MPO binding to apoA-I was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation studies in vivo. In vitro, MPO-mediated damage of lipid-free apoA-I impaired its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway, whereas oxidation to lipid-associated apoA-I inhibited lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation, two key steps in reverse cholesterol transport. Compared with native apoA-I, apoA-I containing a Tyr192 → Phe mutation was moderately resistant to oxidative inactivation by MPO. In high-fat-diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, compared with native apoA-I, subcutaneous injection with oxidized apoA-I (MPO treated) failed to mediate the lipid content in aortic plaques while mutant apoA-I (Tyr192 → Phe) showed a slightly stronger ability to reduce the lipid content in vivo. Our observations suggest that oxidative damage of apoA-I and HDL involves MPO-dependent site-specific tyrosine chlorination, raising the feasibility of producing MPO-resistant forms of apoA-I that have stronger antiatherosclerotic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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7
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Adetuyi BO, Farombi EO. 6-Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13660. [PMID: 33624846 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the protective effect of 6-Gingerol (6G) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation. Male rats were allocated into six groups in this manner; Group I placed on normal saline only. Group II was treated for 7 days with LPS alone intraperitoneally at 250 µg/kg body weight (bw). Group III received 6G alone at 50 mg/kg bw orally for 14 days. Groups IV and V received 6G at 20 and 50 mg/kg bw for 7 days, respectively, and LPS for another 7 days to induce neurotoxicity. Group VI received 5 mg/kg bw of donepezil for 7 days and LPS for 7 days. Pretreatment with 20 and 50 mg/kg bw of 6G protected against LPS-mediated learning and memory function, and also locomotor and motor deficits. Besides, 20 and 50 mg/kg bw 6G mitigated LPS-induced alteration in markers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, induction of amyloidogenesis associated with disruption of histoarchitecture and high expression of interleukin 1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor by LPS was mitigated by the two doses of 6G in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex region of the brain. 6G pretreatment at the two doses mitigated LPS-mediated histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. Overall, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of 6G is mediated through the reversal of neurobehavioral deficit, oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloidogenesis, thus making 6G a possible chemoprophylactic agent against brain injury as a result of LPS exposure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the search for a holistic prevention of inflammation-associated neurodegeneration, nutraceuticals are becoming prominent. Hence, this study presents 6G, an active constituent of ginger, as a chemoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, which is able to ameliorate cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation in LPS-induced rat model of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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8
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Mathew AV, Zeng L, Atkins KB, Sadri KN, Byun J, Fujiwara H, Reddy P, Pennathur S. Deletion of bone marrow myeloperoxidase attenuates chronic kidney disease accelerated atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100120. [PMID: 33234591 PMCID: PMC7948401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression and activity are associated with atherosclerotic disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the causal relationship between MPO and the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD is unknown. Eight-week-old male low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mice were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy, irradiated, and transplanted with bone marrow from MPO-deficient mice to induce bone marrow MPO deletion (CKD-bMPOKO) or bone marrow from WT mice as a control to maintain preserved bone marrow MPO(CKD-bMPOWT). The mice were maintained on a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks. As anticipated, both groups of mice exhibited all features of moderate CKD, including elevated plasma creatinine, lower hematocrit, and increased intact parathyroid hormone but did not demonstrate any differences between the groups. Irradiation and bone marrow transplantation did not further affect body weight, blood pressure, creatinine, or hematocrit in either group. The absence of MPO expression in the bone marrow and atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta in the CKD-bMPOKO mice was confirmed by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Decreased MPO activity was substantiated by the absence of 3-chlorotyrosine, a specific by-product of MPO, in aortic atherosclerotic lesions as determined by both immunohistochemistry and highly sensitive LC-MS. Quantification of the aortic lesional area stained with oil red O revealed that CKD-bMPOKO mice had significantly decreased aortic plaque area as compared with CKD-bMPOWT mice. This study demonstrates the reduction of atherosclerosis in CKD mice with the deletion of MPO in bone marrow cells, strongly implicating bone-marrow-derived MPO in the pathogenesis of CKD atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Mathew
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin B Atkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kiana N Sadri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Chen WJ, Lai YJ, Lee JL, Wu ST, Hsu YJ. CREB/ATF3 signaling mediates indoxyl sulfate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation in uremia. Atherosclerosis 2020; 315:43-54. [PMID: 33227547 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uremic patients are characterized by an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to neointimal formation, a main pathological feature in atherosclerosis. Activation of CREB/ATF3 signaling is pivotal in VSMC proliferation, yet its role in uremic atherosclerosis is unknown. This study aimed to explore whether CREB/ATF3 signaling is involved in the molecular mechanism underlying neointimal formation in uremia. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of VSMCs with uremic toxin (indoxyl sulfate [IS]) activated cAMP/CREB/ATF3/cyclin D signaling, which was reflected by increased VSMC proliferation. Blocking cAMP/PKA/CREB/ATF3 signaling attenuated the promoting effect of IS on cyclin D1 expression and VSMC proliferation. Loss-of-function and time-dependent experiments showed that ATF3 lies downstream of the CREB signaling. Mutational analysis of cyclin D1 promoter along with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CREB/ATF3 signaling participated in IS-induced cyclin D transcription. In vivo, phosphorylated CREB (an active form of CREB) and ATF3 were prominently upregulated in the neointima of experimental uremic rats, the atherosclerotic plaques of uremic ApoE-/- mice, and the iliac arteries of uremic patients. Notably, the use of lentivirus to knock down ATF3 in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries could suppress the effect of uremia in vivo, including neointimal formation and cyclin D expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that CREB/ATF3-related signaling may be involved in IS-induced VSMC proliferation and the pathogenesis of neointimal formation during uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Khan MA, Akram MF, Alam K, Ahsan H, Rizvi MA. Peroxynitrite-Mediated Structural Changes in Histone H2A: Biochemical and Biophysical Analysis. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:989-998. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200427213722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Peroxynitrite, a nitrating and oxidizing agent, is formed by the interaction
between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. H2A histone is a basic nucleoprotein and is one of
the major core histones responsible for packaging DNA. It has been shown that they are highly sensitive
to oxidizing and nitrating agents.
Objective:
Nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins by peroxynitrite is regarded as a marker of
nitrosative damage. The dityrosine bond, an oxidative covalent cross-link between two tyrosines in
protein, is increasingly identified as a marker of oxidative stress, aging and neurodegerative
diseases.
Methods:
Peroxinitrite-mediated nitration and dinitration in H2A histone was assessed by various
biophysical techniques.
Results:
The data presented in this study showed that the dityrosine content was found to be elevated
in H2A histone modified with peroxynitrite. The formation of dityrosine showed a decrease in
fluorescence intensity, generation of a new peak in FT-IR, increase in hydrodynamic size, and loss
of secondary and tertiary structure of H2A resulting in a partially folded structure.
Conclusion:
We report that H2A may undergo conformational and structural changes under nitrosative
and oxidative stress from the deleterious effects of peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Asad Khan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Md. Faiz Akram
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Moshahid A. Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
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11
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Myeloperoxidase: A versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107711. [PMID: 33137376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a prominent mammalian heme peroxidase and a fundamental component of the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. In recent times, MPO has received considerable attention as a key oxidative enzyme capable of impairing the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and promoting endothelial dysfunction; a clinically relevant event that manifests throughout the development of inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that during cardiovascular disease, MPO is released intravascularly by activated leukocytes resulting in its transport and sequestration within the vascular endothelium. At this site, MPO catalyzes various oxidative reactions that are capable of promoting vascular inflammation and impairing NO bioactivity and endothelial function. In particular, MPO catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the catalytic consumption of NO via the enzyme's NO oxidase activity. An emerging paradigm is the ability of MPO to also influence endothelial function via non-catalytic, cytokine-like activities. In this review article we discuss the implications of our increasing knowledge of the versatility of MPO's actions as a mediator of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction for the development of new pharmacological agents capable of effectively combating MPO's pathogenic activities. More specifically, we will (i) discuss the various transport mechanisms by which MPO accumulates into the endothelium of inflamed or diseased arteries, (ii) detail the clinical and basic scientific evidence identifying MPO as a significant cause of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, (iii) provide an up-to-date coverage on the different oxidative mechanisms by which MPO can impair endothelial function during cardiovascular disease including an evaluation of the contributions of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production and NO oxidation, and (iv) outline the novel non-enzymatic mechanisms of MPO and their potential contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we deliver a detailed appraisal of the different pharmacological strategies available for targeting the catalytic and non-catalytic modes-of-action of MPO in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
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Huang J, Yancey PG, Tao H, Borja MS, Smith LE, Kon V, Davies SS, Linton MF. Reactive Dicarbonyl Scavenging Effectively Reduces MPO-Mediated Oxidation of HDL and Restores PON1 Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071937. [PMID: 32629758 PMCID: PMC7400685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheroprotective functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are related to the activity of HDL-associated enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1). We examined the impact of inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated HDL oxidation by PON1 on HDL malondialdehyde (MDA) content and HDL function. In the presence of PON1, crosslinking of apoAI in response to MPO-mediated oxidation of HDL was abolished, and MDA-HDL adduct levels were decreased. PON1 prevented the impaired cholesterol efflux capacity of MPO-oxidized HDL from Apoe−/− macrophages. Direct modification of HDL with MDA increased apoAI crosslinking and reduced the cholesterol efflux capacity. MDA modification of HDL reduced its anti-inflammatory function compared to native HDL. MDA-HDL also had impaired ability to increase PON1 activity. Importantly, HDL from subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH-HDL) versus controls had increased MDA-apoAI adducts, and PON1 activity was also impaired in FH. Consistently, FH-HDL induced a pro-inflammatory response in Apoe−/− macrophages and had an impaired ability to promote cholesterol efflux. Interestingly, reactive dicarbonyl scavengers, including 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) and pentyl-pyridoxamine (PPM), effectively abolished MPO-mediated apoAI crosslinking, MDA adduct formation, and improved cholesterol efflux capacity. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic mice with reactive dicarbonyl scavengers reduced MDA-HDL adduct formation and increased HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, supporting the therapeutic potential of reactive carbonyl scavenging for improving HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Patricia G. Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Huan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Mark S. Borja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA;
| | - Loren E. Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P, Dufrasne F. A patent review of myeloperoxidase inhibitors for treating chronic inflammatory syndromes (focus on cardiovascular diseases, 2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:595-608. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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14
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Clemente A, Traghella I, Mazzone A, Sbrana S, Vassalle C. Vascular and valvular calcification biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 95:73-103. [PMID: 32122525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular and valvular calcification constitutes a major health problem with serious clinical consequences. It is important for medical laboratorians to improve their knowledge on this topic and to know which biological markers may have a potential interest and might be useful for diagnosis and for management of ectopic calcifications. This review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular and valvular calcification, with emphasis on the mechanisms that are different for the two types of events, which underscore the need for differentiated healthcare, and explain different response to therapy. Available imaging and scoring tools used to assess both vascular and valvular calcification, together with the more studied and reliable biological markers emerging in this field (e.g., Fetuin A and matrix Gla protein), are discussed. Recently proposed functional assays, measuring the propensity of human serum to calcify, appear promising for vascular calcification assessment and are described. Further advancement through omic technologies and statistical tools is also reported. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine practitioners overlook this new era that will engage them in the near future, where a close cooperation of professionals with different competencies, including laboratorists, is required. This innovative approach may truly revolutionize practice of laboratory and of whole medicine attitude, making progression in knowledge of pathways relevant to health, as the complex calcification-related pathways, and adding value to patient care, through a precision medicine strategy.
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15
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O'Sullivan J, Finnie SL, Teenan O, Cairns C, Boyd A, Bailey MA, Thomson A, Hughes J, Bénézech C, Conway BR, Denby L. Refining the Mouse Subtotal Nephrectomy in Male 129S2/SV Mice for Consistent Modeling of Progressive Kidney Disease With Renal Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1365. [PMID: 31803059 PMCID: PMC6872545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent worldwide and is associated with significant co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditionally, the subtotal nephrectomy (remnant kidney) experimental model has been performed in rats to model progressive renal disease. The model experimentally mimics CKD by reducing nephron number, resulting in renal insufficiency. Presently, there is a lack of translation of pre-clinical findings into successful clinical results. The pre-clinical nephrology field would benefit from reproducible progressive renal disease models in mice in order to avail of more widely available transgenics and experimental tools to dissect mechanisms of disease. Here we evaluate if a simplified single step subtotal nephrectomy (STNx) model performed in the 129S2/SV mouse can recapitulate the renal and cardiac changes observed in patients with CKD in a reproducible and robust way. The single step STNx surgery was well-tolerated and resulted in clinically relevant outcomes including hypertension, increased urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, and significantly increased serum creatinine, phosphate and urea. STNx mice developed significant left ventricular hypertrophy without reduced ejection fraction or cardiac fibrosis. Analysis of intra-renal inflammation revealed persistent recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes transitioning to pro-fibrotic inflammatory macrophages in STNx kidneys. Unlike 129S2/SV mice, C57BL/6 mice exhibited renal fibrosis without proteinuria, renal dysfunction, or cardiac pathology. Therefore, the 129S2/SV genetic background is susceptible to induction of progressive proteinuric renal disease and cardiac hypertrophy using our refined, single-step flank STNx method. This reproducible model could be used to study the systemic pathophysiological changes induced by CKD in the kidney and the heart, intra-renal inflammation and for testing new therapies for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Louise Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Boyd
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Ronald Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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Volkman R, Ben-Zur T, Kahana A, Garty BZ, Offen D. Myeloperoxidase Deficiency Inhibits Cognitive Decline in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:990. [PMID: 31611761 PMCID: PMC6769081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme expressed mostly by neutrophils and is a primary mediator of neutrophils oxidative stress response. While a profound body of evidence associates neutrophil-derived MPO in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), this role has not been assessed in an animal model of AD. Here, we produced hematologic chimerism in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD, with MPO deficient mice, resulting in 5XFAD with hematologic MPO deficiency (5XFAD-MPO KO). Behavioral examinations of 5XFAD-MPO KO showed significant superior performance in spatial learning and memory, associative learning, and anxiety/risk assessment behavior, as compared to 5XFAD mice transplanted with WT cells (5XFAD-WT). Hippocampal immunohistochemical and mRNA expression analyses showed significantly reduced levels of inflammatory mediators in 5XFAD-MPO KO mice with no apparent differences in the numbers of amyloid-β plaques. In addition, immunoblotting and mRNA analyses showed significantly reduced levels of APOE in 5XFAD-MPO KO. Together, these results indicate a substantial involvement of neutrophil-derived MPO in the pathology of 5XFAD model of AD and suggest MPO as a potential therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Volkman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Ben-Zur
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Valdivielso JM, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Pascual J, Barrios C, Bermúdez-López M, Sánchez-Niño MD, Pérez-Fernández M, Ortiz A. Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: More, Less, or Just Different? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1938-1966. [PMID: 31412740 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of premature mortality, mainly from cardiovascular causes. The association between CKD on hemodialysis and accelerated atherosclerosis was described >40 years ago. However, more recently, it has been suggested that the increase in atherosclerosis risk is actually observed in early CKD stages, remaining stable thereafter. In this regard, interventions targeting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, such as statins, successful in the general population, have failed to benefit patients with very advanced CKD. This raises the issue of the relative contribution of atherosclerosis versus other forms of cardiovascular injury such as arteriosclerosis or myocardial injury to the increased cardiovascular risk in CKD. In this review, the pathophysiogical contributors to atherosclerosis in CKD that are shared with the general population, or specific to CKD, are discussed. The NEFRONA study (Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en NEFrologia) prospectively assessed the prevalence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis (plaque in vascular ultrasound), confirming an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with moderate CKD. However, the adjusted odds ratio for subclinical atherosclerosis increased with CKD stage, suggesting a contribution of CKD itself to subclinical atherosclerosis. Progression of atherosclerosis was closely related to CKD progression as well as to the baseline presence of atheroma plaque, and to higher phosphate, uric acid, and ferritin and lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels. These insights may help design future clinical trials of stratified personalized medicine targeting atherosclerosis in patients with CKD. Future primary prevention trials should enroll patients with evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis and should provide a comprehensive control of all known risk factors in addition to testing any additional intervention or placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Valdivielso
- From the Vascular & Renal Translational Research Group and UDETMA, IRBLleida. Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (RedInRen. ISCIII), Lleida, Spain (J.M.V., M.B.-L.)
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Nephrology Unit, Fundación para la investigación del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, RedInRen, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (D.R.-P.)
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Mar for Medical Research, Hospital del Mar, RedInRen, Barcelona, Spain (J.P., C.B.)
| | - Clara Barrios
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Mar for Medical Research, Hospital del Mar, RedInRen, Barcelona, Spain (J.P., C.B.)
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- From the Vascular & Renal Translational Research Group and UDETMA, IRBLleida. Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (RedInRen. ISCIII), Lleida, Spain (J.M.V., M.B.-L.)
| | - Maria Dolores Sánchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, FRIAT and RedInRen, Madrid, Spain (M.D.S.-N., A.O.)
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, FRIAT and RedInRen, Madrid, Spain (M.D.S.-N., A.O.)
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18
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Ganjibakhsh M, Mehraein F, Koruji M, Aflatoonian R, Farzaneh P. Three-dimensional decellularized amnion membrane scaffold as a novel tool for cancer research; cell behavior, drug resistance and cancer stem cell content. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:330-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Roth Flach RJ, Su C, Bollinger E, Cortes C, Robertson AW, Opsahl AC, Coskran TM, Maresca KP, Keliher EJ, Yates PD, Kim AM, Kalgutkar AS, Buckbinder L. Myeloperoxidase inhibition in mice alters atherosclerotic lesion composition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214150. [PMID: 30889221 PMCID: PMC6424399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly abundant protein within the neutrophil that is associated with lipoprotein oxidation, and increased plasma MPO levels are correlated with poor prognosis after myocardial infarct. Thus, MPO inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of heart failure and acute coronary syndrome in humans. 2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide PF-06282999 is a recently described selective small molecule mechanism-based inactivator of MPO. Here, utilizing PF-06282999, we investigated the role of MPO to regulate atherosclerotic lesion formation and composition in the Ldlr-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. Though MPO inhibition did not affect lesion area in Ldlr-/- mice fed a Western diet, reduced necrotic core area was observed in aortic root sections after MPO inhibitor treatment. MPO inhibition did not alter macrophage content in and leukocyte homing to atherosclerotic plaques. To assess non-invasive monitoring of plaque inflammation, [18F]-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) was administered to Ldlr-/- mice with established atherosclerosis that had been treated with clinically relevant doses of PF-06282999, and reduced FDG signal was observed in animals treated with a dose of PF-06282999 that corresponded with reduced necrotic core area. These data suggest that MPO inhibition does not alter atherosclerotic plaque area or leukocyte homing, but rather alters the inflammatory tone of atherosclerotic lesions; thus, MPO inhibition could have utility to promote atherosclerotic lesion stabilization and prevent atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Roth Flach
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chunyan Su
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eliza Bollinger
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Cortes
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Robertson
- Drug Safety Research and Development Global Pathology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alan C. Opsahl
- Drug Safety Research and Development Global Pathology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Coskran
- Drug Safety Research and Development Global Pathology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Maresca
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edmund J. Keliher
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Phillip D. Yates
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Kim
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard Buckbinder
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Adedara IA, Owoeye O, Awogbindin IO, Ajayi BO, Rocha JBT, Farombi EO. Diphenyl diselenide abrogates brain oxidative injury and neurobehavioural deficits associated with pesticide chlorpyrifos exposure in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:105-116. [PMID: 30267645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is associated with neurodevelopmental toxicity both in humans and animals. Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is a simple synthetic organoselenium well reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, there is paucity of information on the beneficial effects of DPDS on CPF-mediated brain injury and neurobehavioural deficits. The present study investigated the neuroprotective mechanism of DPDS in rats sub-chronically treated with CPF alone at 5 mg/kg body weight or orally co-treated with DPDS at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight for 35 consecutive days. Endpoint analyses using video-tracking software in a novel environment revealed that co-treatment with DPDS significantly (p < 0.05) protected against CPF-mediated locomotor and motor deficits precisely the decrease in maximum speed, total distance travelled, body rotation, absolute turn angle, forelimb grip strength as well as the increase in negative geotaxis and incidence of fecal pellets. The enhancement in the neurobehavioral activities of rats co-treated with DPDS was verified by track plot analyses. Besides, DPDS assuaged CPF-induced decrease in acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes activities and the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation level in the mid-brain, cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the rats. Histologically, DPDS co-treatment abrogated CPF-mediated neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis3 in the treated rats. In conclusion, the neuroprotective mechanisms of DPDS is related to the prevention of oxidative stress, enhancement of redox status and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain regions of the rats. DPDS may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent against brain injury resulting from CPF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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