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Hendrickson-Rebizant T, Sudhakar SRN, Rowley MJ, Frankel A, Davie JR, Lakowski TM. Structure, Function, and Activity of Small Molecule and Peptide Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15931-15946. [PMID: 39250434 PMCID: PMC11440505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PRMT) are a family of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent enzymes that transfer methyl-groups to the ω-N of arginyl residues in proteins. PRMTs are involved in regulating gene expression, RNA splicing, and other activities. PRMT1 is responsible for most cellular arginine methylation, and its dysregulation is involved in many cancers. Accordingly, many groups have targeted PRMT1 using small molecules and peptide inhibitors. In this Perspective, we discuss the structure and function of selected peptide and small molecule inhibitors of PRMT1. We examine inhibitors that target the substrate arginyl peptide, SAM, or both binding sites, and the type of inhibition that results. Small molecules, and peptides that are bisubstrate, and/or PRMT transition state mimic inhibitors as well as inhibitors that alkylate PRMTs will be discussed. We define a structure-activity relationship for the aromatic/heteroaromatic N-methylethylenediamine inhibitors of PRMT1 and review current progress of PRMT1 inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thordur Hendrickson-Rebizant
- Pharmaceutical
analysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue West, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Paul
Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare
Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0 V9, Canada
| | - Sadhana R. N. Sudhakar
- Paul
Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare
Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0 V9, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Rowley
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James R. Davie
- Paul
Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare
Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0 V9, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ted M. Lakowski
- Pharmaceutical
analysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue West, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Paul
Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare
Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0 V9, Canada
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2
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Chakraborty R, Khodlan P, Tay A, Liu F. STAT3 interactome predicts presence of proteins that regulates immune system in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00197-X. [PMID: 39237001 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the key proliferation mechanism-related proteins that helps in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. Immune evasion by STAT3 is mediated by the JAK2/STAT3/PDL1 signaling axis. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that STAT3-binding partners participate in the inhibition of anti-tumor activity in OSCC. METHODS A 3D cancer-immune co-culture model was constructed using oral cancer cell lines SCC4, SCC9, SCC25, and CAL27 and normal oral cell line OKF6. The cells were co-cultured with natural killer (NK-92) and Jurkat cells. The target protein STAT3 was chosen based on SWATH data, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)-based proteomics was conducted. The Co-IP LC-MS/MS output was analyzed to determine the protein interaction network, gene ontology, pathway analysis, and protein cluster annotation. RESULTS STAT3 in oral cancer cell lines interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other proteins that participate in proliferation and immune mechanisms. Proteome analysis showed that some STAT3-binding proteins found in this study are known immune system regulators. CONCLUSION Overall, STAT3 interactive proteins regulate the immune system in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chakraborty
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Pallavi Khodlan
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Aidan Tay
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Australian e-Health Research Centre, Transformational Bioinformatics Group, CSIRO, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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3
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Wang K, Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang S, Yao S, Gong Z, Fei B, Huang Z. Metformin suppresses gastric cancer progression by disrupting the STAT1-PRMT1 axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116367. [PMID: 38876258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for patients with unresectable or partially resectable GC. However, its adverse effects and chemoresistance greatly restrict its applicability and efficacy. Although HER2-targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been successfully used for GC treatment, their beneficial population is limited. To expand the range of cancer treatments, drug repurposing has emerged as a promising strategy. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Metformin, an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent, to suppress GC progression both in vivo and in vitro. Functional investigations showed that Metformin significantly inhibits GC proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we discovered that Metformin bound and disrupted STAT1 phosphorylation, inhibiting PRMT1 expression and consequently GC progression. In conclusion, our study not only provides further evidence for the anti-GC role of Metformin but also identifies the direct target mediating the tumor-inhibitory effects of Metformin in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Wang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suzeng Wang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surui Yao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Vuong TA, Zhang Y, Kim J, Leem YE, Kang JS. Prmt7 is required for the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of BMP signaling. BMB Rep 2024; 57:330-335. [PMID: 38627951 PMCID: PMC11289507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation, which is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (Prmts), is known to play a key role in various biological processes. However, the function of Prmts in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has not been clearly understood. In the current study, we attempted to elucidate a positive role of Prmt7 in osteogenic differentiation. Prmt7-depleted C3H/10T1/2 cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed the attenuated expression of osteogenic specific genes and Alizarin red staining compared to the wild-type cells. Furthermore, we found that Prmt7 deficiency reduced the activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade, which is essential for the regulation of cell fate commitment and osteogenesis. Taken together, our data indicate that Prmt7 plays important regulatory roles in osteogenic differentiation. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 330-335].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Vuong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - June Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Leem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
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5
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Voytyuk O, Ohata Y, Moustakas A, Ten Dijke P, Heldin CH. Smad7 palmitoylation by the S-acyltransferase zDHHC17 enhances its inhibitory effect on TGF-β/Smad signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107462. [PMID: 38876303 PMCID: PMC11277750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling by the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is inhibited by Smad7 in a feedback control mechanism. The activity of Smad7 is tightly regulated by multiple post-translational modifications. Using resin-assisted capture and metabolic labeling methods, we show here that Smad7 is S-palmitoylated in mammary epithelial cell models that are widely studied because of their strong responses to TGF-β and their biological relevance to mammary development and tumor progression. S-palmitoylation of Smad7 is mediated by zDHHC17, a member of a family of 23 S-acyltransferase enzymes. Moreover, we identified four cysteine residues (Cys202, Cys225, Cys415, and Cys417) in Smad7 as palmitoylation acceptor sites. S-palmitoylation of Smad7 on Cys415 and Cys417 promoted the translocation of Smad7 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, enhanced the stability of the Smad7 protein, and enforced its inhibitory effect on TGF-β-induced Smad transcriptional response. Thus, our findings reveal a new post-translational modification of Smad7, and highlight an important role of S-palmitoylation to enhance inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling by Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Voytyuk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Yae Ohata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Chen C, Ding Y, Huang Q, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Zhou H, Li D, Zhou G. Relationship between arginine methylation and vascular calcification. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111189. [PMID: 38670475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), vascular calcification (VC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the primary cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main component of VC in CKD is the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VC is an ordered, dynamic activity. Under the stresses of oxidative stress and calcium-‑phosphorus imbalance, VSMCs undergo osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation, which promotes the formation of VC. In addition to traditional epigenetics like RNA and DNA control, post-translational modifications have been discovered to be involved in the regulation of VC in recent years. It has been reported that the process of osteoblast differentiation is impacted by catalytic histone or non-histone arginine methylation. Its function in the osteogenic process is comparable to that of VC. Thus, we propose that arginine methylation regulates VC via many signaling pathways, including as NF-B, WNT, AKT/PI3K, TGF-/BMP/SMAD, and IL-6/STAT3. It might also regulate the VC-related calcification regulatory factors, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consequently, we propose that arginine methylation regulates the calcification of the arteries and outline the regulatory mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China.
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7
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Nguyen CDK, Colón-Emeric BA, Murakami S, Shujath MNY, Yi C. PRMT1 promotes epigenetic reprogramming associated with acquired chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114176. [PMID: 38691454 PMCID: PMC11238875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a dismal prognosis due to therapeutic resistance. We show that PDAC cells undergo global epigenetic reprogramming to acquire chemoresistance, a process that is driven at least in part by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Genetic or pharmacological PRMT1 inhibition impairs adaptive epigenetic reprogramming and delays acquired resistance to gemcitabine and other common chemo drugs. Mechanistically, gemcitabine treatment induces translocation of PRMT1 into the nucleus, where its enzymatic activity limits the assembly of chromatin-bound MAFF/BACH1 transcriptional complexes. Cut&Tag chromatin profiling of H3K27Ac, MAFF, and BACH1 suggests a pivotal role for MAFF/BACH1 in global epigenetic response to gemcitabine, which is confirmed by genetically silencing MAFF. PRMT1 and MAFF/BACH1 signature genes identified by Cut&Tag analysis distinguish gemcitabine-resistant from gemcitabine-sensitive patient-derived xenografts of PDAC, supporting the PRMT1-MAFF/BACH1 epigenetic regulatory axis as a potential therapeutic avenue for improving the efficacy and durability of chemotherapies in patients of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan D K Nguyen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamín A Colón-Emeric
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shigekazu Murakami
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mia N Y Shujath
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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8
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Alharbi KS. The ncRNA-TGF-β axis: Unveiling new frontiers in colorectal cancer research. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155138. [PMID: 38266458 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings governing its onset and progression. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) network has been a well-recognized cornerstone in advancing CRC. Nevertheless, a recent study has highlighted the growing importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this context. This comprehensive review aims to present an extensive examination of the interaction between ncRNAs and TGF-signaling. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), encompassing circular RNAs (circRNAs), long-ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), have surfaced as pivotal modulators governing various aspects of TGF-β signaling. MiRNAs have been discovered to target elements within the TGF-β signaling, either enhancing or inhibiting signaling, depending on the context. LncRNAs have been associated with CRC progression, functioning as miRNA sponges or directly influencing TGF-β pathway elements. Even circRNAs, a relatively recent addition to the ncRNA family, have impacted CRC, affecting TGF-β signaling through diverse mechanisms. This review encompasses recent progress in comprehending specific ncRNAs involved in TGF-β signaling, their functional roles, and their clinical relevance in CRC. We investigate the possibility of ncRNAs as targets for detection, prognosis, and therapy. Additionally, we explore the interaction of TGF-β and other pathways in CRC and the role of ncRNAs within this intricate network. As we unveil the intricate regulatory function of ncRNAs in the TGF-β signaling in CRC, we gain valuable insights into the disease's pathogenesis. Incorporating these discoveries into clinical settings holds promise for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic approaches, ultimately enhancing the care of CRC patients. This comprehensive review underscores the ever-evolving landscape of ncRNA research in CRC and the potential for novel interventions in the battle against this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Zhu Y, Xia T, Chen DQ, Xiong X, Shi L, Zuo Y, Xiao H, Liu L. Promising role of protein arginine methyltransferases in overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101016. [PMID: 37980859 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment, necessitating the development of novel strategies to overcome it. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are enzymes responsible for epigenetic arginine methylation, which regulates various biological and pathological processes, as a result, they are attractive therapeutic targets for overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance. The ongoing development of small molecules targeting PRMTs has resulted in the generation of chemical probes for modulating most PRMTs and facilitated clinical treatment for the most advanced oncology targets, including PRMT1 and PRMT5. In this review, we summarize various mechanisms underlying protein arginine methylation and the roles of specific PRMTs in driving cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, we highlight the potential clinical implications of PRMT inhibitors in decreasing cancer drug resistance. PRMTs promote the formation and maintenance of drug-tolerant cells via several mechanisms, including altered drug efflux transporters, autophagy, DNA damage repair, cancer stem cell-related function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and disordered tumor microenvironment. Multiple preclinical and ongoing clinical trials have demonstrated that PRMT inhibitors, particularly PRMT5 inhibitors, can sensitize cancer cells to various anti-cancer drugs, including chemotherapeutic, targeted therapeutic, and immunotherapeutic agents. Combining PRMT inhibitors with existing anti-cancer strategies will be a promising approach for overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, enhanced knowledge of the complex functions of arginine methylation and PRMTs in drug resistance will guide the future development of PRMT inhibitors and may help identify new clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Qian Chen
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yueqi Zuo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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10
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Zhu Y, Wang L, Liu R, Ding X, Yin S, Chen Y, Zhu C, Wang Z, Li W. Inhibition of PRMT1 alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in mice by blocking the TGF-β1 and IL-6 trans-signaling pathways. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1859-1873. [PMID: 37525933 PMCID: PMC10549220 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI) causes renal dysfunction and has a high mortality rate. Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) is a key regulator of renal insufficiency. In the present study, we explored the potential involvement of PRMT1 in SI-AKI. A murine model of SI-AKI was induced by cecal ligation and perforation. The expression and localization of PRMT1 and molecules involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad3 and interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways were detected in mouse kidney tissues by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. The association of PRMT1 with downstream molecules of the TGF-β1/Smad3 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways was further verified in vitro in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells. Cecal ligation and perforation caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, and inflammation in renal tissues, and this was alleviated by inhibition of PRMT1. Inhibition of PRMT1 in SI-AKI mice decreased the expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad3 in the renal cortex, and downregulated the expression of soluble IL-6R and phosphorylation of STAT3 in the medulla. Knockdown of PRMT1 in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells restricted the expression of Cox-2, E-cadherin, Pro-caspase3, and phosphorylated Smad3 (involved in the TGF-β1-mediated signaling pathway), and also blocked IL-6/soluble IL-6R, inducing the expression of Cox-2 and phosphorylated-STAT3. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inhibition of PRMT1 mitigates SI-AKI by inactivating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in the cortex and the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the medulla. Our findings may aid in the identification of potential therapeutic target molecules for SI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Nephrology Department, Shenzhen HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Guangming)ShenzhenChina
| | - Longmei Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesEnze Medical CenterLinhaiChina
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ControlHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | | | - Song Yin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Yuankun Chen
- Department of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ControlHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Department of Infectious DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical MedicinePeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityChina
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ControlHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Department of Infectious DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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11
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Reisenauer KN, Aroujo J, Tao Y, Ranganathan S, Romo D, Taube JH. Therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer stem cells and effects of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1432-1456. [PMID: 37103550 PMCID: PMC10524555 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1995 to 2022Tumors possess both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity leading to the survival of subpopulations post-treatment. The term cancer stem cells (CSCs) describes a subpopulation that is resistant to many types of chemotherapy and which also possess enhanced migratory and anchorage-independent growth capabilities. These cells are enriched in residual tumor material post-treatment and can serve as the seed for future tumor re-growth, at both primary and metastatic sites. Elimination of CSCs is a key goal in enhancing cancer treatment and may be aided by application of natural products in conjunction with conventional treatments. In this review, we highlight molecular features of CSCs and discuss synthesis, structure-activity relationships, derivatization, and effects of six natural products with anti-CSC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaquelin Aroujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Univesrity, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yongfeng Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Univesrity, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Univesrity, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Joseph H Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Jin ML, Jeong KW. Histone modifications in drug-resistant cancers: From a cancer stem cell and immune evasion perspective. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01014-z. [PMID: 37394580 PMCID: PMC10394043 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and immune evasion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) limit the efficacy of currently available anticancer therapies. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic reprogramming regulates the expression of characteristic marker proteins and tumor plasticity associated with cancer cell survival and metastasis in CSCs. CSCs also possess unique mechanisms to evade external attacks by immune cells. Hence, the development of new strategies to restore dysregulated histone modifications to overcome cancer resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy has recently attracted attention. Restoring abnormal histone modifications can be an effective anticancer strategy to increase the therapeutic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs by weakening CSCs or by rendering them in a naïve state with increased sensitivity to immune responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of histone modifiers in the development of drug-resistant cancer cells from the perspectives of CSCs and immune evasion. In addition, we discuss attempts to combine currently available histone modification inhibitors with conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Jin
- Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Papanikolaou NA, Nikolaidis M, Amoutzias GD, Fouza A, Papaioannou M, Pandey A, Papavassiliou AG. The Dynamic and Crucial Role of the Arginine Methylproteome in Myoblast Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2124. [PMID: 36768448 PMCID: PMC9916730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is an extensive and functionally significant post-translational modification. However, little is known about its role in differentiation at the systems level. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomics of whole proteome analysis in proliferating or five-day differentiated mouse C2C12 myoblasts, followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, biochemical assays, and specific immunoprecipitation of mono- or dimethylated arginine peptides, we identified several protein families that were differentially methylated on arginine. Our study is the first to reveal global changes in the arginine mono- or dimethylation of proteins in proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myocytes and to identify enriched protein domains and novel short linear motifs (SLiMs). Our data may be crucial for dissecting the links between differentiation and cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Grigorios D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Ariadni Fouza
- Fifth Surgical Department, Ippokrateio General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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14
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Huerta M, Franco-Serrano L, Amela I, Perez-Pons JA, Piñol J, Mozo-Villarías A, Querol E, Cedano J. Role of Moonlighting Proteins in Disease: Analyzing the Contribution of Canonical and Moonlighting Functions in Disease Progression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020235. [PMID: 36672169 PMCID: PMC9857295 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The term moonlighting proteins refers to those proteins that present alternative functions performed by a single polypeptide chain acquired throughout evolution (called canonical and moonlighting, respectively). Over 78% of moonlighting proteins are involved in human diseases, 48% are targeted by current drugs, and over 25% of them are involved in the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms. These facts encouraged us to study the link between the functions of moonlighting proteins and disease. We found a large number of moonlighting functions activated by pathological conditions that are highly involved in disease development and progression. The factors that activate some moonlighting functions take place only in pathological conditions, such as specific cellular translocations or changes in protein structure. Some moonlighting functions are involved in disease promotion while others are involved in curbing it. The disease-impairing moonlighting functions attempt to restore the homeostasis, or to reduce the damage linked to the imbalance caused by the disease. The disease-promoting moonlighting functions primarily involve the immune system, mesenchyme cross-talk, or excessive tissue proliferation. We often find moonlighting functions linked to the canonical function in a pathological context. Moonlighting functions are especially coordinated in inflammation and cancer. Wound healing and epithelial to mesenchymal transition are very representative. They involve multiple moonlighting proteins with a different role in each phase of the process, contributing to the current-phase phenotype or promoting a phase switch, mitigating the damage or intensifying the remodeling. All of this implies a new level of complexity in the study of pathology genesis, progression, and treatment. The specific protein function involved in a patient's progress or that is affected by a drug must be elucidated for the correct treatment of diseases.
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15
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Qin J, Xu J. Arginine methylation in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. FEBS J 2022; 289:7292-7303. [PMID: 34358413 PMCID: PMC10181118 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics during embryonic development, wound healing, fibrosis, and in cancer in a processed termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Regulatory networks of EMT are controlled by post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, in which arginine methylation is critically involved. Here, we review arginine methylation-dependent mechanisms that regulate EMT in the aspects of signaling, transcriptional, and splicing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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F. V, V. D. P, C. M, M. LI, C. D, G. P, D. C, A. T, M. G, S. DF, M. T, V. V, G. S. Targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer stem cells. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:1011882. [PMID: 39086963 PMCID: PMC11285701 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.1011882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are rarely mutated in several pediatric tumors and some early stage adult cancers. This suggests that an aberrant epigenetic reprogramming may crucially affect the tumorigenesis of these tumors. Compelling evidence support the hypothesis that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell subpopulation within the tumor bulk characterized by self-renewal capacity, metastatic potential and chemo-resistance, may derive from normal stem cells (NSCs) upon an epigenetic deregulation. Thus, a better understanding of the specific epigenetic alterations driving the transformation from NSCs into CSCs may help to identify efficacious treatments to target this aggressive subpopulation. Moreover, deepening the knowledge about these alterations may represent the framework to design novel therapeutic approaches also in the field of regenerative medicine in which bioengineering of NSCs has been evaluated. Here, we provide a broad overview about: 1) the role of aberrant epigenetic modifications contributing to CSC initiation, formation and maintenance, 2) the epigenetic inhibitors in clinical trial able to specifically target the CSC subpopulation, and 3) epigenetic drugs and stem cells used in regenerative medicine for cancer and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verona F.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pantina V. D.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Modica C.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lo Iacono M.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D’Accardo C.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Porcelli G.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cricchio D.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Turdo A.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaggianesi M.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Di Franco S.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Todaro M.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veschi V.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stassi G.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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17
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Maslankova J, Vecurkovska I, Rabajdova M, Katuchova J, Kicka M, Gayova M, Katuch V. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling as a therapeutic approach to treating colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022. [PMID: 36156927 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4744.pmid:36156927;pmcid:pmc9476856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from 2020, Slovakia has long been among the top five countries with the highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, and the rate is continuing to rise every year. In approximately 80% of CRC cases, allelic loss (loss of heterozygosity, LOH) occurs in the long arm of chromosome 18q. The most important genes that can be silenced by 18q LOH or mutations are small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 2 and SMAD4, which are intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily signals. TGF-β plays an important role in the pro-oncogenic processes, including such properties as invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (commonly known as EMT), promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulatory effects. Several recent studies have reported that activation of TGF-β signaling is related to drug resistance in CRC. Because the mechanisms of drug resistance are different between patients in different stages of CRC, personalized treatment is more effective. Therefore, knowledge of the activation and inhibition of factors that affect the TGF-β signaling pathway is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Maslankova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Vecurkovska
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Jana Katuchova
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia.
| | - Milos Kicka
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia
| | - Michala Gayova
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Katuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
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18
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Maslankova J, Vecurkovska I, Rabajdova M, Katuchova J, Kicka M, Gayova M, Katuch V. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling as a therapeutic approach to treating colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4744-4761. [PMID: 36156927 PMCID: PMC9476856 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from 2020, Slovakia has long been among the top five countries with the highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, and the rate is continuing to rise every year. In approximately 80% of CRC cases, allelic loss (loss of heterozygosity, LOH) occurs in the long arm of chromosome 18q. The most important genes that can be silenced by 18q LOH or mutations are small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 2 and SMAD4, which are intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily signals. TGF-β plays an important role in the pro-oncogenic processes, including such properties as invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (commonly known as EMT), promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulatory effects. Several recent studies have reported that activation of TGF-β signaling is related to drug resistance in CRC. Because the mechanisms of drug resistance are different between patients in different stages of CRC, personalized treatment is more effective. Therefore, knowledge of the activation and inhibition of factors that affect the TGF-β signaling pathway is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Maslankova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Vecurkovska
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Jana Katuchova
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia
| | - Milos Kicka
- First Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty of Safarik University, Kosice 04011, Kosicky kraj, Slovakia
| | - Michala Gayova
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Katuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty at Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice 04011, Slovakia
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19
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Wang C, Dong L, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Li C, Li G, You X, Yang X, Wang H, Hong W. Design and Synthesis of Novel PRMT1 Inhibitors and Investigation of Their Effects on the Migration of Cancer Cell. Front Chem 2022; 10:888727. [PMID: 35755248 PMCID: PMC9214036 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.888727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) can catalyze the protein arginine methylation by transferring the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the guanidyl nitrogen atom of protein arginine, which influences a variety of biological processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EMT-mediated mobility of cancer cells. The upregulation of PRMT1 is involved in a diverse range of cancer, such as lung cancer, and there is an urgent need to develop novel and potent PRMT1 inhibitors. In this article, a series of 2,5-substituted furan derivatives and 2,4-substituted thiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized by targeting at the substrate arginine-binding site on PRMT1, and 10 compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against PRMT1. Among them, the most potent inhibitor, compound 1r (WCJ-394), significantly affected the expression of PRMT1-related proteins in A549 cells and downregulated the expression of mesenchymal markers, by which WCJ-394 inhibited the TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells and prevented the cancer cell migration. The current study demonstrated that WCJ-394 was a potent PRMT1 inhibitor, which could be used as the leading compound for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Luyao Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chonglong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Jingjinji National Center of Technology Innovation, Beijing, China
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20
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Kulikauskas MR, X S, Bautch VL. The versatility and paradox of BMP signaling in endothelial cell behaviors and blood vessel function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:77. [PMID: 35044529 PMCID: PMC8770421 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels expand via sprouting angiogenesis, and this process involves numerous endothelial cell behaviors, such as collective migration, proliferation, cell–cell junction rearrangements, and anastomosis and lumen formation. Subsequently, blood vessels remodel to form a hierarchical network that circulates blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissue. During this time, endothelial cells become quiescent and form a barrier between blood and tissues that regulates transport of liquids and solutes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates both proangiogenic and homeostatic endothelial cell behaviors as blood vessels form and mature. Almost 30 years ago, human pedigrees linked BMP signaling to diseases associated with blood vessel hemorrhage and shunts, and recent work greatly expanded our knowledge of the players and the effects of vascular BMP signaling. Despite these gains, there remain paradoxes and questions, especially with respect to how and where the different and opposing BMP signaling outputs are regulated. This review examines endothelial cell BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and discusses the paradox of BMP signals that both destabilize and stabilize endothelial cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shaka X
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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21
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Malbeteau L, Pham HT, Eve L, Stallcup MR, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. How Protein Methylation Regulates Steroid Receptor Function. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:160-197. [PMID: 33955470 PMCID: PMC8755998 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are members of the nuclear hormonal receptor family, many of which are transcription factors regulated by ligand binding. SRs regulate various human physiological functions essential for maintenance of vital biological pathways, including development, reproduction, and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, aberrant expression of SRs or dysregulation of their signaling has been observed in a wide variety of pathologies. SR activity is tightly and finely controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) targeting the receptors and/or their coregulators. Whereas major attention has been focused on phosphorylation, growing evidence shows that methylation is also an important regulator of SRs. Interestingly, the protein methyltransferases depositing methyl marks are involved in many functions, from development to adult life. They have also been associated with pathologies such as inflammation, as well as cardiovascular and neuronal disorders, and cancer. This article provides an overview of SR methylation/demethylation events, along with their functional effects and biological consequences. An in-depth understanding of the landscape of these methylation events could provide new information on SR regulation in physiology, as well as promising perspectives for the development of new therapeutic strategies, illustrated by the specific inhibitors of protein methyltransferases that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Malbeteau
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Ha Thuy Pham
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Louisane Eve
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michael R Stallcup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
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22
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Structure, Activity, and Function of PRMT1. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111147. [PMID: 34833023 PMCID: PMC8619983 DOI: 10.3390/life11111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PRMT1, the major protein arginine methyltransferase in mammals, catalyzes monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine side chains in proteins. Initially described as a regulator of chromatin dynamics through the methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3), numerous non-histone substrates have since been identified. The variety of these substrates underlines the essential role played by PRMT1 in a large number of biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction or DNA repair. This review will provide an overview of the structural, biochemical and cellular features of PRMT1. After a description of the genomic organization and protein structure of PRMT1, special consideration was given to the regulation of PRMT1 enzymatic activity. Finally, we discuss the involvement of PRMT1 in embryonic development, DNA damage repair, as well as its participation in the initiation and progression of several types of cancers.
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23
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Amano Y, Matsubara D, Kihara A, Nishino H, Mori Y, Niki T. Expression and localisation of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their significance in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Pathology 2021; 54:294-301. [PMID: 34518040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine salvage pathway, which recycles one carbon unit that is lost during polyamine synthesis back into the methionine cycle. Although MTAP deficiency has been reported in various tumours, MTAP is overexpressed and might promote oncogenesis in other cancers, including prostate and colon cancer. Currently, little is known about the MTAP status of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of MTAP in surgically resected oral epithelial dysplasia (OED, n=7), carcinoma in situ (CIS) (n=16), and OSCC (n=118). In the normal epithelium, MTAP was only weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of the basal layer cells. In OED, CIS, and OSCC, MTAP was uniformly expressed in the cytoplasm of the dysplastic and cancer cells. In addition to cytoplasmic MTAP expression, 45 of 118 cases (38.1%) exhibited increased nuclear expression of MTAP in the cancer cells at the invasive front. Statistical analysis showed that the concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MTAP was associated with a high budding score (p=0.0023); poor differentiation (p=0.0044); aggressive invasion patterns (p=0.0001); and features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as loss of E-cadherin expression (p=0.0003) and upregulated expression of vimentin (p=0.0002), slug (p=0.0002), and laminin 5 (p<0.0001). High expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 or 5, the functions of which are reported to be inhibited in MTAP-deficient cancer, was associated with the concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MTAP (p<0.0001). Concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MTAP was marginally significantly associated with worse 5-year relapse-free survival (p=0.045). These findings suggest that MTAP not only plays a role in the oncogenesis of OSCC, but that it might also make it more aggressive by inducing EMT through its activity in the methionine salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Amano
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kihara
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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24
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Xu X, Hong P, Wang Z, Tang Z, Li K. MicroRNAs in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway Associated With Fibrosis Involving Different Systems of the Human Body. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:707461. [PMID: 34381815 PMCID: PMC8350386 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.707461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is a histopathological manifestation of many chronic inflammatory diseases affecting different systems of the human body. Two types of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways regulate fibrosis: the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, represented by SMAD-2 and SMAD-3, and the noncanonical pathway, which functions without SMAD-2/3 participation and currently includes TGF-β/mitogen-activated protein kinases, TGF-β/SMAD-1/5, TGF-β/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, TGF-β/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3, and TGF-β/rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathways. MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding single-stranded small RNA, comprises approximately 22 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, which can regulate physiological and pathological processes in fibrotic diseases, particularly affecting organs such as the liver, the kidney, the lungs, and the heart. The aim of this review is to introduce the characteristics of the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and to classify miRNAs with regulatory effects on these two pathways based on the influenced organ. Further, we aim to summarize the limitations of the current research of the mechanisms of fibrosis, provide insights into possible future research directions, and propose therapeutic options for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhefu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Xu Z, Cheng C, Kong R, Liu Y, Wang S, Ma Y, Xing X. S100A8 and S100A9, both transcriptionally regulated by PU.1, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and invasive growth of dermal keratinocytes during scar formation post burn. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15523-15537. [PMID: 34099591 PMCID: PMC8221299 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 are small molecular weight calcium-binding regulatory proteins that have been involved in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of S100A8 and S100A9 in keratinocytes in wounded skin and how they are regulated during this process are still unclear. Here, we found that S100A8 and S100A9 were both upregulated in burn-wounded skins in vivo and thermal-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes in vitro, accompanied by increased levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Then, we demonstrated that upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 alone or together enhanced characteristics of EMT in normal keratinocytes, manifested by excessive proliferation rate, abnormal ability of cell invasion, and high expression levels of EMT marker proteins. The transcription factor PU box-binding protein (PU.1) bound to the promoter regions and transcriptionally promoted the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 both in the human and mice, and it had strong positive correlations with both S100A8 and S100A9 protein levels in burned skin in vivo. Moreover, PU.1 positively regulated expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in a dose-dependent manner, and enhanced EMT of keratinocytes in vitro. Finally, through the burn mouse model, we found that PU.1-/- mice displayed a lower ability of scar formation, manifested by smaller scar volume, thickness, and collagen content, which could be enhanced by S100A8 and S100A9. In conclusion, PU.1 transcriptionally promotes expression of S100A8 and S100A9, thus positively regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and invasive growth of dermal keratinocytes during scar formation post burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Chuantao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Ranran Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yuefeng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Cadre Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
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26
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Jackson-Weaver O, Ungvijanpunya N, Yuan Y, Qian J, Gou Y, Wu J, Shen H, Chen Y, Li M, Richard S, Chai Y, Sucov HM, Xu J. PRMT1-p53 Pathway Controls Epicardial EMT and Invasion. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107739. [PMID: 32521264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardial cells are cardiac progenitors that give rise to the majority of cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes during development. An integral phase of epicardial fate transition is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that confers motility. We uncover an essential role for the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in epicardial invasion and differentiation. Using scRNA-seq, we show that epicardial-specific deletion of Prmt1 reduced matrix and ribosomal gene expression in epicardial-derived cell lineages. PRMT1 regulates splicing of Mdm4, which is a key controller of p53 stability. Loss of PRMT1 leads to accumulation of p53 that enhances Slug degradation and blocks EMT. During heart development, the PRMT1-p53 pathway is required for epicardial invasion and formation of epicardial-derived lineages: cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. Consequently, this pathway modulates ventricular morphogenesis and coronary vessel formation. Altogether, our study reveals molecular mechanisms involving the PRMT1-p53 pathway and establish its roles in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Trauma & Critical Care Education Division, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicha Ungvijanpunya
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongchao Gou
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Hwang JW, Cho Y, Bae GU, Kim SN, Kim YK. Protein arginine methyltransferases: promising targets for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:788-808. [PMID: 34006904 PMCID: PMC8178397 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), is observed in a wide variety of cell types from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. With recent and rapid advancements in epigenetic research, the importance of protein methylation has been highlighted. The methylation of histone proteins that contributes to the epigenetic histone code is not only dynamic but is also finely controlled by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, which are essential for the transcriptional regulation of genes. In addition, many nonhistone proteins are methylated, and these modifications govern a variety of cellular functions, including RNA processing, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and the cell cycle. Recently, the importance of protein arginine methylation, especially in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair processes, has been noted. Since the dysregulation of protein arginine methylation is closely associated with cancer development, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have garnered significant interest as novel targets for anticancer drug development. Indeed, several PRMT inhibitors are in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PRMTs in cancer and the current development status of PRMT inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Hwang
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Cho
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
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28
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Cai C, Gu S, Yu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Yuan B, Shen L, Yang B, Feng X. PRMT5 Enables Robust STAT3 Activation via Arginine Symmetric Dimethylation of SMAD7. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003047. [PMID: 34026434 PMCID: PMC8132155 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of protein substrates at the arginine residues. Emerging evidence reveals that PRMT5 is involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and cancer development. However, the exact role of PRMT5 in human lung cancer cell proliferation and the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely elusive. Here, it is shown that PRMT5 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through the Smad7-STAT3 axis. Depletion or inhibition of PRMT5 dramatically dampens STAT3 activation and thus suppresses the proliferation of human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, depletion of Smad7 blocks PRMT5-mediated STAT3 activation. Mechanistically, PRMT5 binds to and methylates Smad7 on Arg-57, enhances Smad7 binding to IL-6 co-receptor gp130, and consequently ensures robust STAT3 activation. The findings position PRMT5 as a critical regulator of STAT3 activation, and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Cai
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yi Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yezhang Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - HanChenxi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Bo Yuan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Bing Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xin‐Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009China
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29
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Samuel SF, Barry A, Greenman J, Beltran-Alvarez P. Arginine methylation: the promise of a 'silver bullet' for brain tumours? Amino Acids 2021; 53:489-506. [PMID: 33404912 PMCID: PMC8107164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research efforts, our pharmaceutical repertoire against high-grade brain tumours has not been able to increase patient survival for a decade and life expectancy remains at less than 16 months after diagnosis, on average. Inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been developed and investigated over the past 15 years and have now entered oncology clinical trials, including for brain tumours. This review collates recent advances in the understanding of the role of PRMTs and arginine methylation in brain tumours. We provide an up-to-date literature review on the mechanisms for PRMT regulation. These include endogenous modulators such as alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications and PRMT-protein interactions, and synthetic inhibitors. We discuss the relevance of PRMTs in brain tumours with a particular focus on PRMT1, -2, -5 and -8. Finally, we include a future perspective where we discuss possible routes for further research on arginine methylation and on the use of PRMT inhibitors in the context of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Barry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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30
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Jaiswal A, Gautam P, Pietilä EA, Timonen S, Nordström N, Akimov Y, Sipari N, Tanoli Z, Fleischer T, Lehti K, Wennerberg K, Aittokallio T. Multi-modal meta-analysis of cancer cell line omics profiles identifies ECHDC1 as a novel breast tumor suppressor. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9526. [PMID: 33750001 PMCID: PMC7983037 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and functional profiling of cancer cell lines is subject to laboratory-specific experimental practices and data analysis protocols. The current challenge therefore is how to make an integrated use of the omics profiles of cancer cell lines for reliable biological discoveries. Here, we carried out a systematic analysis of nine types of data modalities using meta-analysis of 53 omics studies across 12 research laboratories for 2,018 cell lines. To account for a relatively low consistency observed for certain data modalities, we developed a robust data integration approach that identifies reproducible signals shared among multiple data modalities and studies. We demonstrated the power of the integrative analyses by identifying a novel driver gene, ECHDC1, with tumor suppressive role validated both in breast cancer cells and patient tumors. The multi-modal meta-analysis approach also identified synthetic lethal partners of cancer drivers, including a co-dependency of PTEN deficient endometrial cancer cells on RNA helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Jaiswal
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Present address:
The Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina A Pietilä
- Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Timonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and HematologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nora Nordström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Yevhen Akimov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics UnitHelsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ziaurrehman Tanoli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE)University of OsloOsloNorway
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31
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Zheng M, Niu Y, Bu J, Liang S, Zhang Z, Liu J, Guo L, Zhang Z, Wang Q. ESRP1 regulates alternative splicing of CARM1 to sensitize small cell lung cancer cells to chemotherapy by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3554-3572. [PMID: 33495408 PMCID: PMC7906186 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing of mRNA. ESRP1 plays an important role in chemoresistance of various cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. However, the role of ESRP1 and its mechanism in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) chemoresistance remains unclear. In this study, we found that ESRP1 is significantly downregulated in SCLC chemo-resistant cells compared with chemo-sensitive cells. Moreover, the expression of ESRP1 was significantly lower in SCLC tissues than that in normal adjacent tissues and positively correlated with overall survival. Overexpression of ESRP1 increased SCLC chemosensitivity, and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, whereas knockdown of ESRP1 induced the opposite effects. ESRP1 could inhibit the growth of SCLC in vivo. Through mRNA transcriptome sequencing, we found that ESRP1 regulates coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) to produce two different transcripts CARM1FL and CARM1ΔE15 by alternative splicing. ESRP1 affects the chemoresistance of SCLC by changing the content of different transcripts of CARM1. Furthermore, CARM1 regulates arginine methylation of Smad7, activates the TGF-β/Smad pathway and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby promoting SCLC chemoresistance. Collectively, our study firstly demonstrates that ESRP1 inhibits the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by regulating alternative splicing of CARM1, thereby reversing chemoresistance of SCLC. The splicing factor ESRP1 may serve as a new drug resistance marker molecule and a potential therapeutic target in SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Niu
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguo Bu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumei Liang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Qiongyao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Heo JW, Lee EG, Gil B, Kang HS, Kim YH. Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica Associated with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Intern Med 2021; 60:3463-3467. [PMID: 34719627 PMCID: PMC8627817 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6682-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a very rare, benign disorder involving the lumen of the trachea-bronchial tree. However, its etiology is unknown. In our first case, observation for several years showed that TPO worsened as interstitial lung disease was aggravated. In the second case, the lung parenchymal lesion on computed tomography (CT) was found to be compatible with interstitial lung abnormality (ILA). We believe that our cases suggest a common pathogenetic relationship between TPO and fibrotic interstitial lung disease. TGF-β is likely a common factor in the pathogenesis of TPO and fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University H.C.S Hyundae Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Gu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Gil
- Department of Radiology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
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33
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Zhai W, Sun H, Li Z, Li L, Jin A, Li Y, Chen J, Yang X, Sun Q, Lu S, Roth M. PRMT1 Modulates Processing of Asthma-Related Primary MicroRNAs (Pri-miRNAs) into Mature miRNAs in Lung Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:11-22. [PMID: 33239422 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) is an important epigenetic regulator of cell function and contributes to inflammation and remodeling in asthma in a cell type-specific manner. Disease-specific expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNA) are associated with chronic inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma. The de novo synthesis of miRNA depends on the transcription of primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript. This study assessed the role of PRMT1 on pri-miRNA to mature miRNA process in lung epithelial cells. Human airway epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, were transfected with the PRMT1 expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-PRMT1 for 48 h. Expression profiles of miRNA were determined by small RNA deep sequencing. Comparing these miRNAs with datasets of microarrays from five asthma patients (Gene Expression Omnibus dataset), 12 miRNAs were identified that related to PRMT1 overexpression and to asthma. The overexpression or knockdown of PRMT1 modulated the expression of the asthma-related miRNAs and their pri-miRNAs. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that PRMT1 formed a complex with STAT1 or RUNX1 and thus acted as a coactivator, stimulating the transcription of pri-miRNAs. Stimulation with TGF-β1 promoted the interaction of PRMT1 with STAT1 or RUNX1, thereby upregulating the transcription of two miRNAs: let-7i and miR-423. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the binding of the PRMT1/STAT1 or PRMT1/RUNX1 coactivators to primary let-7i (pri-let-7i) and primary miR (pri-miR) 423 promoter was critical for pri-let-7i and pri-miR-423 transcription. This study describes a novel role of PRMT1 as a coactivator for STAT1 or RUNX1, which is essential for the transcription of pri-let-7i and pri-miR-423 in epithelial cells and might be relevant to epithelium dysfunction in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; .,Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael Roth
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and
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Singh P, Charles S, Madhavan T, Munusamy-Ramanujam G, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J, Mala K. Pharmacologic downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase1 expression by adenosine dialdehyde increases cell senescence in breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173697. [PMID: 33144068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of protein arginine methylation (PAM) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells through pharmacological intervention. Tamoxifen (TAM) or adenosine dialdehyde (ADOX), independently, triggered cell cycle arrest and down-regulated PAM, as reduced protein arginine methyltransferase1 (PRMT1) mRNA and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels. Synergistic effect of these compounds elicited potent anti-cancer effect. However, reduction in ADMA was not proportionate with the compound-induced down-regulation of PRMT1 mRNA. We hypothesized that the disproportionate effect is due to the influence of the compounds on other methyltransferases, which catalyze the arginine dimethylation reaction and the diversity in the degree of drug-protein interaction among these methyltransferases. In silico analyses revealed that independently, ADOX or TAM, binds with phosphatidylethanolamine-methyltransferase (PEMT) or betaine homocysteine-methyl transferase (BHMT); and that the binding affinity of ADOX with PEMT or BHMT is prominent than TAM. These observations suggest that in breast cancer, synergistic effect of ADOX + TAM elicits impressive protective function by regulating PAM; and plausibly, restoration of normal enzyme activities of methyltransferases catalyzing arginine dimethylation could have clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soniya Charles
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Munusamy-Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, College of Engineering and Technology,SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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de Ceuninck van Capelle C, Spit M, Ten Dijke P. Current perspectives on inhibitory SMAD7 in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:691-715. [PMID: 33081543 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members play an extensive role in cellular communication that orchestrates both early development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant TGF-β family signaling is associated with a pathological outcome in numerous diseases, and in-depth understanding of molecular and cellular processes could result in therapeutic benefit for patients. Canonical TGF-β signaling is mediated by receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), a single co-mediator SMAD (Co-SMAD), and inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs). SMAD7, one of the I-SMADs, is an essential negative regulator of the pleiotropic TGF-β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. In a negative feedback loop, SMAD7 inhibits TGF-β signaling by providing competition for TGF-β type-1 receptor (TβRI), blocking phosphorylation and activation of SMAD2. Moreover, SMAD7 recruits E3 ubiquitin SMURF ligases to the type I receptor to promote ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In addition to its role in TGF-β and BMP signaling, SMAD7 is regulated by and implicated in a variety of other signaling pathways and functions as a mediator of crosstalk. This review is focused on SMAD7, its function in TGF-β and BMP signaling, and its role as a downstream integrator and crosstalk mediator. This crucial signaling molecule is tightly regulated by various mechanisms. We provide an overview of the ways by which SMAD7 is regulated, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Finally, we discuss its role in diseases, such as cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maureen Spit
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Abe Y, Tanaka N. Fine-Tuning of GLI Activity through Arginine Methylation: Its Mechanisms and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091973. [PMID: 32859041 PMCID: PMC7565022 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) family consists of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 in mammals. This family has important roles in development and homeostasis. To achieve these roles, the GLI family has widespread outputs. GLI activity is therefore strictly regulated at multiple levels, including via post-translational modifications for context-dependent GLI target gene expression. The protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT) family is also associated with embryogenesis, homeostasis, and cancer mainly via epigenetic modifications. In the PRMT family, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7 reportedly regulate GLI1 and GLI2 activity. PRMT1 methylates GLI1 to upregulate its activity and target gene expression. Cytoplasmic PRMT5 methylates GLI1 and promotes GLI1 protein stabilization. Conversely, nucleic PRMT5 interacts with MENIN to suppress growth arrest-specific protein 1 expression, which assists Hedgehog ligand binding to Patched, indirectly resulting in downregulated GLI1 activity. PRMT7-mediated GLI2 methylation upregulates its activity through the dissociation of GLI2 and Suppressor of Fused. Together, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7 regulate GLI activity at multiple revels. Furthermore, the GLI and PRMT families have strong links with various cancers through cancer stem cell maintenance. Therefore, PRMT-mediated regulation of GLI activity would have important roles in cancer stem cell maintenance.
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The role of protein arginine methyltransferases in kidney diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2037-2051. [PMID: 32766778 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a crucial post-translational modification for many biological processes, including DNA repair, RNA processing, and transduction of intra- and extracellular signaling. Previous studies have reported that PRMTs are extensively involved in various pathologic states, including cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress reaction. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in kidney diseases. Recent studies have shown that aberrant function of PRMTs and its metabolic products-symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-are involved in several renal pathological processes, including renal fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), hypertension, graft rejection and renal tumors. We aim in this review to elucidate the possible roles of PRMTs in normal renal function and various kidney diseases.
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Differentiation and Establishment of Dental Epithelial-Like Stem Cells Derived from Human ESCs and iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124384. [PMID: 32575634 PMCID: PMC7352334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development and regeneration occur through reciprocal interactions between epithelial and ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells. However, the current studies on tooth development are limited, since epithelial stem cells are relatively difficult to obtain and maintain. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may be alternative options for epithelial cell sources. To differentiate hESCs/hiPSCs into dental epithelial-like stem cells, this study investigated the hypothesis that direct interactions between pluripotent stem cells, such as hESCs or hiPSCs, and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath/epithelial rests of Malassez (HERS/ERM) cell line may induce epithelial differentiation. Epithelial-like stem cells derived from hES (EPI-ES) and hiPSC (EPI-iPSC) had morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of HERS/ERM cells, as well as similar gene expression. To overcome a rare population and insufficient expansion of primary cells, EPI-iPSC was immortalized with the SV40 large T antigen. The immortalized EPI-iPSC cell line had a normal karyotype, and a short tandem repeat (STR) analysis verified that it was derived from hiPSCs. The EPI-iPSC cell line co-cultured with dental pulp stem cells displayed increased amelogenic and odontogenic gene expression, exhibited higher dentin sialoprotein (DSPP) protein expression, and promoted mineralized nodule formation. These results indicated that the direct co-culture of hESCs/hiPSCs with HERS/ERM successfully established dental epithelial-like stem cells. Moreover, this differentiation protocol could help with understanding the functional roles of cell-to-cell communication and tissue engineering of teeth.
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Jiang Z, Lu L, Liu Y, Zhang S, Li S, Wang G, Wang P, Chen L. SMAD7 and SERPINE1 as novel dynamic network biomarkers detect and regulate the tipping point of TGF-beta induced EMT. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:842-853. [PMID: 36659203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex nonlinear biological process that plays essential roles in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, wounding healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis. A hallmark of EMT is the switch-like behavior during state transition, which is characteristic of phase transitions. Hence, detecting the tipping point just before mesenchymal state transition is critical for understanding molecular mechanism of EMT. Through dynamic network biomarkers (DNB) model, a DNB group with 37 genes was identified which can provide the early-warning signals of EMT. Particularly, we found that two DNB genes, i.e., SMAD7 and SERPINE1 promoted EMT by switching their regulatory network which was further validated by biological experiments. Survival analyses revealed that SMAD7 and SERPINE1 as DNB genes further acted as prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenviroment and Disease Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Bio-med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Park D, Yoon G, Kim E, Lee T, Kim K, Lee PCW, Chang E, Choi S. Wip1 regulates Smad4 phosphorylation and inhibits TGF-β signaling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48693. [PMID: 32103600 PMCID: PMC7202204 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Smad4, a key mediator of the TGF-β/BMP pathways, is essential for development and tissue homeostasis. Phosphorylation of Smad4 in its linker region catalyzed by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a pivotal role in regulating its transcriptional activity and stability. In contrast, roles of Smad4 dephosphorylation as a control mechanism of TGF-β/BMP signaling and the phosphatases responsible for its dephosphorylation remain so far elusive. Here, we identify Wip1 as a Smad4 phosphatase. Wip1 selectively binds and dephosphorylates Smad4 at Thr277, a key MAPK phosphorylation site, thereby regulating its nuclear accumulation and half-life. In Xenopus embryos, Wip1 limits mesoderm formation and favors neural induction by inhibiting TGF-β/BMP signals. Wip1 restrains TGF-β-induced growth arrest, migration, and invasion in human cells and enhances the tumorigenicity of cancer cells by repressing the antimitogenic activity of Smad4. We propose that Wip1-dependent dephosphorylation of Smad4 is critical for the regulation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Gang‐Ho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Taehyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Kyuhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Peter CW Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sun‐Cheol Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Al-Hamashi AA, Diaz K, Huang R. Non-Histone Arginine Methylation by Protein Arginine Methyltransferases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:699-712. [PMID: 32379587 PMCID: PMC7529871 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200507091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes play a crucial role in RNA splicing, DNA damage repair, cell signaling, and differentiation. Arginine methylation is a prominent posttransitional modification of histones and various non-histone proteins that can either activate or repress gene expression. The aberrant expression of PRMTs has been linked to multiple abnormalities, notably cancer. Herein, we review a number of non-histone protein substrates for all nine members of human PRMTs and how PRMT-mediated non-histone arginine methylation modulates various diseases. Additionally, we highlight the most recent clinical studies for several PRMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad A. Al-Hamashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Bab-almoadham, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Krystal Diaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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Li J, Li W, Li J, Wang Z, Xiao D, Wang Y, Ni X, Zeng D, Zhang D, Jing B, Liu L, Luo Q, Pan K. Screening of differentially expressed immune-related genes from spleen of broilers fed with probiotic Bacillus cereus PAS38 based on suppression subtractive hybridization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226829. [PMID: 31869398 PMCID: PMC6927618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct the spleen differential genes library of broilers fed with probiotic Bacillus cereus PAS38 by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and screen the immune-related genes. Sixty seven-day-old broilers were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed with basal diet, and the treated group was fed with basal diet containing Bacillus cereus PAS38 1×106 CFU/g. Spleen tissues were taken and extracted its total RNA at 42 days old, then SSH was used to construct differential gene library and screen immune-related genes. A total of 119 differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated by SSH and 9 immune-related genes were screened out by Gene ontology analysis. Nine differentially expressed genes were identified by qRT-PCR. JCHAIN, FTH1, P2RX7, TLR7, IGF1R, SMAD7, and SLC7A6 were found to be significantly up-regulated in the treated group. Which was consistent with the results of SSH. These findings imply that probiotic Bacillus cereus PAS38-induced differentially expressed genes in spleen might play an important role in the improvement of immunity for broilers, which provided useful information for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of probiotics responsible to affect the poultry immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wanqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianzhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Y, Yu C, Zhuang S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 mediates renal fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis through activation of Smad3 signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F375-F387. [PMID: 31813251 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00487.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), which primarily causes asymmetric arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins, has been found to activate gene expression and mediate multiple pathological processes. Its role in renal fibrosis, however, remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that PRMT1 and its specific epigenetic marker, asymmetric di-methylated histone 4 arginine 3 (H4R3Me2a), were highly expressed in cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts. Treatment of PRMT1 with AMI-1, a selective inhibitor of PRMT1, or silencing PRMT1 with siRNA inhibited serum-induced and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I, two hallmarks of renal fibroblast activation, in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, PRMT1 expression and H4R3Me2a were also upregulated, which was coincident with increased expression of α-SMA, collagen type I, and fibronectin. Administration of AMI-1 reduced PRMT1 and H4R3Me2a expression, attenuated extracellular matrix protein deposition, and inhibited renal fibroblast activation and proliferation. Moreover, AMI-1 treatment inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation and TGF-β receptor I expression but prevented Smad7 downregulation both in the kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction injury and in cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts exposed to TGF-β1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PRMT1 may mediate renal fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis development through activation of the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. They also suggest that PRMT1 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island
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Ejaz A, Greenberger JS, Rubin PJ. Understanding the mechanism of radiation induced fibrosis and therapy options. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Guo M, Peng Y, Gao A, Du C, Herman JG. Epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer. Biomark Res 2019; 7:23. [PMID: 31695915 PMCID: PMC6824025 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-019-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is one of the hallmarks of human cancers. Tumor genotype variations among tumors within different patients are known as interpatient heterogeneity, and variability among multiple tumors of the same type arising in the same patient is referred to as intra-patient heterogeneity. Subpopulations of cancer cells with distinct phenotypic and molecular features within a tumor are called intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Since Nowell proposed the clonal evolution of tumor cell populations in 1976, tumor heterogeneity, especially ITH, was actively studied. Research has focused on the genetic basis of cancer, particularly mutational activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). The phenomenon of ITH is commonly explained by Darwinian-like clonal evolution of a single tumor. Despite the monoclonal origin of most cancers, new clones arise during tumor progression due to the continuous acquisition of mutations. It is clear that disruption of the "epigenetic machinery" plays an important role in cancer development. Aberrant epigenetic changes occur more frequently than gene mutations in human cancers. The epigenome is at the intersection of the environment and genome. Epigenetic dysregulation occurs in the earliest stage of cancer. The current trend of epigenetic therapy is to use epigenetic drugs to reverse and/or delay future resistance to cancer therapies. A majority of cancer therapies fail to achieve durable responses, which is often attributed to ITH. Epigenetic therapy may reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous cancer. Complete understanding of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity may assist in designing combinations of targeted therapies based on molecular information extracted from individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Guo
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Yaojun Peng
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Aiai Gao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Chen Du
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - James G Herman
- 3The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Xiang X, Xiong R, Yu C, Deng L, Bie J, Xiao D, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li X, Liu K, Feng G. Tex10 promotes stemness and EMT phenotypes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2600-2610. [PMID: 31638260 PMCID: PMC6859441 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study by our group suggested that testis expressed 10 (Tex10) contributes to tumor progression by promoting stem cell-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the relevance of pluripotency factor Tex10 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has remained elusive. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of Tex10 in ESCC. For this purpose, the mRNA and protein expression of Tex10 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In a loss-of-function experiment, EC109 cells were transfected with lentiviral vectors containing Tex10 short hairpin RNA or negative control. Cell proliferation was assessed using a Cell Counting kit-8, and flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and the cell cycle. Transwell assays were employed to examine the migratory and invasive capacity, and a sphere formation assay was performed to assess the clonogenicity of the EC109 cells. The results revealed that the elevated expression of Tex10 was positively associated with malignancy and with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated mesenchymal markers in human ESCC specimens. The knockdown of Tex10 led to the inhibition of cell proliferation, the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and decreased the stemness, migratory and invasive capacity of the EC109 cells. Furthermore, the silencing of Tex10 enhanced the sensitivity of the ESCC cells to 5-fluorouracil. In addition, the present study revealed that Tex10 plays an essential role in regulating EMT via the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that the downregulation of Tex10 in ESCC specimens is significantly associated with tumor malignancy, and that Tex10 promotes stem cell-like features and induces the EMT of ESCC cells through the enhancement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Xiang
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiong
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Bie
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Dongqin Xiao
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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48
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Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Cell Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Generation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101143. [PMID: 31557902 PMCID: PMC6829508 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neoplastic transformation of normal to metastatic cancer cells is a complex multistep process involving the progressive accumulation of interacting genetic and epigenetic changes that alter gene function and affect cell physiology and homeostasis. Epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, histone modifications and changes in noncoding RNA expression, and deregulation of epigenetic processes can alter gene expression during the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Cancer progression and metastasis through an ‘invasion–metastasis cascade’ involving an epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT), the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), invasion of adjacent tissues, and dissemination are fueled by inflammation, which is considered a hallmark of cancer. Chronic inflammation is generated by inflammatory cytokines secreted by the tumor and the tumor-associated cells within the tumor microenvironment. Inflammatory cytokine signaling initiates signaling pathways leading to the activation of master transcription factors (TFs) such as Smads, STAT3, and NF-κB. Moreover, the same inflammatory responses also activate EMT-inducing TF (EMT-TF) families such as Snail, Twist, and Zeb, and epigenetic regulators including DNA and histone modifying enzymes and micoRNAs, through complex interconnected positive and negative feedback loops to regulate EMT and CSC generation. Here, we review the molecular regulatory feedback loops and networks involved in inflammatory cytokine-induced EMT and CSC generation.
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Dituri F, Cossu C, Mancarella S, Giannelli G. The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1130. [PMID: 31547567 PMCID: PMC6829314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGFβ/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGFβ and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cossu
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
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Lorton BM, Shechter D. Cellular consequences of arginine methylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2933-2956. [PMID: 31101937 PMCID: PMC6642692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification. Three predominant types of arginine-guanidino methylation occur in Eukarya: mono (Rme1/MMA), symmetric (Rme2s/SDMA), and asymmetric (Rme2a/ADMA). Arginine methylation frequently occurs at sites of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions, providing specificity for binding partners and stabilization of important biological interactions in diverse cellular processes. Each methylarginine isoform-catalyzed by members of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, Type I (PRMT1-4,6,8) and Type II (PRMT5,9)-has unique downstream consequences. Methylarginines are found in ordered domains, domains of low complexity, and in intrinsically disordered regions of proteins-the latter two of which are intimately connected with biological liquid-liquid phase separation. This review highlights discoveries illuminating how arginine methylation affects genome integrity, gene transcription, mRNA splicing and mRNP biology, protein translation and stability, and phase separation. As more proteins and processes are found to be regulated by arginine methylation, its importance for understanding cellular physiology will continue to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Lorton
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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