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Chaari A, Saikia N, Paul P, Yousef M, Ding F, Ladjimi M. Experimental and computational investigation of the effect of Hsc70 structural variants on inhibiting amylin aggregation. Biophys Chem 2024; 309:107235. [PMID: 38608617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), also known as amylin, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Heat shock proteins, specifically, heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70), are molecular chaperones that protect against hIAPP misfolding and inhibits its aggregation. Nevertheless, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanistic interactions between Hsc70 domains and hIAPP, thus limiting their potential therapeutic role in diabetes. This study investigates the inhibitory capacities of different Hsc70 variants, aiming to identify the structural determinants that strike a balance between efficacy and cytotoxicity. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the ATPase activity of Hsc70 is not a pivotal factor for inhibiting hIAPP misfolding. We underscore the significance of the C-terminal substrate-binding domain of Hsc70 in inhibiting hIAPP aggregation, emphasizing that the removal of the lid subdomain diminishes the inhibitory effect of Hsc70. Additionally, we employed atomistic discrete molecular dynamics simulations to gain deeper insights into the interaction between Hsc70 variants and hIAPP. Integrating both experimental and computational findings, we propose a mechanism by which Hsc70's interaction with hIAPP monomers disrupts protein-protein connections, primarily by shielding the β-sheet edges of the Hsc70-β-sandwich. The distinctive conformational dynamics of the alpha helices of Hsc70 potentially enhance hIAPP binding by obstructing the exposed edges of the β-sandwich, particularly at the β5-β8 region along the alpha helix interface. This, in turn, inhibits fibril growth, and similar results were observed following hIAPP dimerization. Overall, this study elucidates the structural intricacies of Hsc70 crucial for impeding hIAPP aggregation, improving our understanding of the potential anti-aggregative properties of molecular chaperones in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nabanita Saikia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Yousef
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Moncef Ladjimi
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Kandel R, Jung J, Neal S. Proteotoxic stress and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:107-120. [PMID: 37734998 PMCID: PMC10807858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system maintains protein homeostasis by regulating the breakdown of misfolded proteins, thereby preventing misfolded protein aggregates. The efficient elimination is vital for preventing damage to the cell by misfolded proteins, known as proteotoxic stress. Proteotoxic stress can lead to the collapse of protein homeostasis and can alter the function of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Conversely, impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system can also cause proteotoxic stress and disrupt protein homeostasis. This review examines two impacts of proteotoxic stress, 1) disruptions to ubiquitin homeostasis (ubiquitin stress) and 2) disruptions to proteasome homeostasis (proteasome stress). Here, we provide a mechanistic description of the relationship between proteotoxic stress and the ubiquitin proteasome system. This relationship is illustrated by findings from several protein misfolding diseases, mainly neurodegenerative diseases, as well as from basic biology discoveries from yeast to mammals. In addition, we explore the importance of the ubiquitin proteasome system in endoplasmic reticulum quality control, and how proteotoxic stress at this organelle is alleviated. Finally, we highlight how cells utilize the ubiquitin proteasome system to adapt to proteotoxic stress and how the ubiquitin proteasome system can be genetically and pharmacologically manipulated to maintain protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kandel
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jasmine Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Sonya Neal
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Jin W, Fan M, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Jing C, Jiang R, Piao C, Sun L. Polydatin prevents lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and excessive autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154410. [PMID: 36030747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated free fatty acid levels can adversely affect pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polydatin (PD) from Polygonum cuspidatum has been shown to regulate blood lipid content and lower cholesterol levels. However, there have been no reports on the potential therapeutic effects and actions of PD on lipotoxicity in β-cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PD on palmitate (PA)-treated INS-1 insulinoma cells and diabetic mice. METHODS Cells were incubated with PA and varying concentrations of PD for 24 h. Viability assays, morphological observations, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the effects of PD on PA-induced lipotoxicity. Western blotting was used to measure the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the levels of autophagy-related factors after incubation with inducers and inhibitors of ERS and autophagy. Diabetic mice were treated with intragastric PD for 6 weeks followed by the measurement of their physiological and blood lipid indices and assessment of the results of histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Treatment with PD after PA exposure enhanced insulin secretion and the expression of diabetes-associated genes. PD promoted β-cell function by reducing the levels of proteins associated with ERS and autophagy while also attenuating ERS triggered by tunicamycin. PD also reduced tunicamycin-induced autophagy, indicating that it regulated ERS-mediated autophagy and reduced PA-induced cellular dysfunction. In addition, treatment of db/db mice with PD substantially reduced body weight gain, alleviated dyslipidemia, improved β-cell function, and reduced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PD protects β-cells from lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction and apoptosis by inhibiting ERS and preventing excessive autophagy. Our study provides a new basis for exploring the potential of PD against β-cell lipotoxicity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Cross-regional Cooperation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Product Research and Development, Changchun, China.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Amylin Turnover, Misfolding and Toxicity in the Pancreas. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031021. [PMID: 35164285 PMCID: PMC8838401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a common pathological event in which proteins self-assemble into misfolded soluble and insoluble molecular forms, oligomers and fibrils that are often toxic to cells. Notably, aggregation-prone human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), or amylin, is a pancreatic hormone linked to islet β-cells demise in diabetics. The unifying mechanism by which amyloid proteins, including hIAPP, aggregate and kill cells is still matter of debate. The pathology of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by extracellular and intracellular accumulation of toxic hIAPP species, soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils in pancreatic human islets, eventually leading to loss of β-cell mass. This review focuses on molecular, biochemical and cell-biology studies exploring molecular mechanisms of hIAPP synthesis, trafficking and degradation in the pancreas. In addition to hIAPP turnover, the dynamics and the mechanisms of IAPP–membrane interactions; hIAPP aggregation and toxicity in vitro and in situ; and the regulatory role of diabetic factors, such as lipids and cholesterol, in these processes are also discussed.
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Anti-IAPP Monoclonal Antibody Improves Clinical Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111316. [PMID: 34835247 PMCID: PMC8622146 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease, defined by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia. Amyloidogenic aggregates are a hallmark of T2DM patients; they are cytotoxic for the insulin producing β-cells, and cause inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β. To avoid the associated β-cell loss and inflammation in advanced stage T2DM, we developed a novel monoclonal therapy targeting the major component of aggregates, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). The here described monoclonal antibody (mAb) m81, specific for oligomeric and fibrils, but not for soluble free IAPP, is able to prevent oligomer growth and aggregate formation in vitro, and blocks islet inflammation and disease progression in vivo. Collectively, our data show that blocking fibril formation and prevention of new amyloidogenic aggregates by monoclonal antibody therapy may be a potential therapy for T2DM.
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Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Overexpression in INS-1E Cells Influences Amylin Oligomerization under ER Stress and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111341. [PMID: 34768769 PMCID: PMC8583535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amylin or islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is synthesized in the pancreatic β-cells and has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro and in vivo. This study compared amylin oligomerization/expression and signal transduction under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing INS-1E cells presented different patterns of amylin oligomerization/expression under ER stress and oxidative stress. Amylin oligomerization/expression under ER stress showed three amylin oligomers of less than 15 kDa size in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells, while one band was detected under oxidative stress. Under ER stress conditions, HIF1α, p-ERK, CHOP, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Bax were significantly increased in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells compared to the pCMV-Entry-expressing cells (control), whereas p-Akt, p-mTOR, Mn-SOD, catalase, and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased. Under oxidative stress conditions, HIF1α, p-ERK, CHOP, Mn-SOD, catalase, and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells compared to the control, whereas p-mTOR, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Bax were significantly increased. In mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the mitochondrial complex I and complex IV were significantly decreased under ER stress conditions and significantly increased under oxidative stress conditions in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells compared to the control. The present study results demonstrate that amylin undergoes oligomerization under ER stress in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells. In addition, human amylin overexpression under ER stress in the pancreatic β cells may enhance amylin protein aggregation, resulting in β-cell dysfunction.
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Sun-Wang JL, Yarritu-Gallego A, Ivanova S, Zorzano A. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy: self-digestion for metabolic health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:594-608. [PMID: 34034951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of T2DM is key to improving current therapies. Loss of protein homeostasis leads to the accumulation of damaged proteins in cells, which results in tissue dysfunction. The elimination of damaged proteins occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. In this review, we describe the mutual regulation between the UPS and autophagy and the involvement of these two proteolytic systems in metabolic dysregulation, insulin resistance, and T2DM. We propose that alterations in the UPS or autophagy contribute to triggering insulin resistance and the development of T2DM. In addition, these two pathways emerge as promising therapeutic targets for improving insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liang Sun-Wang
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alex Yarritu-Gallego
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saška Ivanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Potential of peptides and phytochemicals in attenuating different phases of islet amyloid polypeptide fibrillation for type 2 diabetes management. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Sharif M, Kerns K, Sutovsky P, Bovin N, Miller DJ. Progesterone induces porcine sperm release from oviduct glycans in a proteasome-dependent manner. Reproduction 2021; 161:449-457. [PMID: 33589564 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the oviduct retains sperm, forming a reservoir from which they are released in synchrony with ovulation. However, the mechanisms underlying sperm release are unclear. Herein, we first examined in greater detail the release of sperm from the oviduct reservoir by sex steroids, and secondly, if the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediates this release in vitro. Sperm were allowed to bind to oviductal cells or immobilized oviduct glycans, either bi-SiaLN or a suLeX, and channeled with steroids in the presence or absence of proteasome inhibitors. Previously, we have demonstrated progesterone-induced sperm release from oviduct cells and immobilized glycans in a steroid-specific manner. Herein, we found that the release of sperm from an immobilized oviduct glycan, a six-sialylated branched structure, and from immobilized fibronectin was inhibited by the CatSper blocker NNC 055-0396, akin to the previously reported ability of NNC 055-0396 to inhibit sperm release from another oviduct glycan, sulfated Lewis-X trisaccharide. Thus, CatSper may be required for release of sperm from a variety of adhesion systems. One possible mechanism for sperm release is that glycan receptors on sperm are degraded by proteasomes or shed from the sperm surface by proteasomal degradation. Accordingly, the inhibition of proteasomal degradation blocked sperm release from oviduct cell aggregates both immobilized oviduct glycans as well as fibronectin. In summary, progesterone-induced sperm release requires both active CatSper channels and proteasomal degradation, suggesting that hyperactivation and proteolysis are vital parts of the mechanism by which sperm move from the oviduct reservoir to the site of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momal Sharif
- Department of Animal Sciences and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Karl Kerns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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10
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FoxA2 and RNA Pol II mediate human islet amyloid polypeptide turnover in ER-stressed pancreatic β-cells. Biochem J 2021; 478:1261-1282. [PMID: 33650632 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated transcriptional and trafficking mechanisms of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in normal and stressed β-cells. In high glucose-challenged human islets and rat insulinoma cells overexpressing hIAPP, cell fractionation studies revealed increased accumulation of hIAPP. Unexpectedly, a significant fraction (up to 22%) of hIAPP was found in the nuclear soluble and chromatin-enriched fractions of cultured human islet and rat insulinoma cells. The nucleolar accumulation of monomeric forms of hIAPP did not have any adverse effect on the proliferation of β-cells nor did it affect nucleolar organization or function. However, intact nucleolar organization and function were essential for hIAPP expression under normal and ER-stress conditions as RNA polymerase II inhibitor, α-amanitin, reduced hIAPP protein expression evoked by high glucose and thapsigargin. Promoter activity studies revealed the essential role of transcription factor FoxA2 in hIAPP promoter activation in ER-stressed β-cells. Transcriptome and secretory studies demonstrate that the biosynthetic and secretory capacity of islet β-cells was preserved during ER stress. Thus, the main reason for increased intracellular hIAPP accumulation is its enhanced biosynthesis under these adverse conditions.
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Milardi D, Gazit E, Radford SE, Xu Y, Gallardo RU, Caflisch A, Westermark GT, Westermark P, Rosa CL, Ramamoorthy A. Proteostasis of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide: A Molecular Perspective of Risk Factors and Protective Strategies for Type II Diabetes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1845-1893. [PMID: 33427465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The possible link between hIAPP accumulation and β-cell death in diabetic patients has inspired numerous studies focusing on amyloid structures and aggregation pathways of this hormone. Recent studies have reported on the importance of early oligomeric intermediates, the many roles of their interactions with lipid membrane, pH, insulin, and zinc on the mechanism of aggregation of hIAPP. The challenges posed by the transient nature of amyloid oligomers, their structural heterogeneity, and the complex nature of their interaction with lipid membranes have resulted in the development of a wide range of biophysical and chemical approaches to characterize the aggregation process. While the cellular processes and factors activating hIAPP-mediated cytotoxicity are still not clear, it has recently been suggested that its impaired turnover and cellular processing by proteasome and autophagy may contribute significantly toward toxic hIAPP accumulation and, eventually, β-cell death. Therefore, studies focusing on the restoration of hIAPP proteostasis may represent a promising arena for the design of effective therapies. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the structures and pathology associated with hIAPP self-assembly and point out the opportunities for therapy that a detailed biochemical, biophysical, and cellular understanding of its aggregation may unveil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xu
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo U Gallardo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Gunilla T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 41809-1055, United States
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Saghir AE, Farrugia G, Vassallo N. The human islet amyloid polypeptide in protein misfolding disorders: Mechanisms of aggregation and interaction with biomembranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 234:105010. [PMID: 33227292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), otherwise known as amylin, is a 37-residue peptide hormone which is reported to be a common factor in protein misfolding disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, due to deposition of insoluble hIAPP amyloid in the pancreas and brain. Multiple studies point to the importance of the peptide's interaction with biological membranes and the cytotoxicity of hIAPP species. Here, we discuss the aggregation pathways of hIAPP amyloid fibril formation and focus on the complex interplay between membrane-mediated assembly of hIAPP and the associated mechanisms of membrane damage caused by the peptide species. Mitochondrial membranes, which are unique in their lipid composition, are proposed as prime targets for the early intracellular formation of hIAPP toxic entities. We suggest that future studies should include more physiologically-relevant and in-cell studies to allow a more accurate model of in vivo interactions. Finally, we underscore an urgent need for developing effective therapeutic strategies aimed at hindering hIAPP-phospholipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam El Saghir
- Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Gianluca Farrugia
- Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
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13
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Are Heat Shock Proteins an Important Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218204. [PMID: 33147803 PMCID: PMC7662599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are growing in prevalence worldwide. The development of T2D increases the risk of AD disease, while AD patients can show glucose imbalance due to an increased insulin resistance. T2D and AD share similar pathological features and underlying mechanisms, including the deposition of amyloidogenic peptides in pancreatic islets (i.e., islet amyloid polypeptide; IAPP) and brain (β-Amyloid; Aβ). Both IAPP and Aβ can undergo misfolding and aggregation and accumulate in the extracellular space of their respective tissues of origin. As a main response to protein misfolding, there is evidence of the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in moderating T2D and AD. HSPs play a pivotal role in cell homeostasis by providing cytoprotection during acute and chronic metabolic stresses. In T2D and AD, intracellular HSP (iHSP) levels are reduced, potentially due to the ability of the cell to export HSPs to the extracellular space (eHSP). The increase in eHSPs can contribute to oxidative damage and is associated with various pro-inflammatory pathways in T2D and AD. Here, we review the role of HSP in moderating T2D and AD, as well as propose that these chaperone proteins are an important link in the relationship between T2D and AD.
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14
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Daryabor G, Atashzar MR, Kabelitz D, Meri S, Kalantar K. The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1582. [PMID: 32793223 PMCID: PMC7387426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance and obesity play key roles in the induction and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The field of immunometabolism implies a bidirectional link between the immune system and metabolism, in which inflammation plays an essential role in the promotion of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity and T2DM), and metabolic factors, in turn, regulate immune cell functions. Obesity as the main inducer of a systemic low-level inflammation is a main susceptibility factor for T2DM. Obesity-related immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress promote metabolic impairments in the insulin-sensitive tissues and finally, insulin resistance, organ failure, and premature aging occur. Hyperglycemia and the subsequent inflammation are the main causes of micro- and macroangiopathies in the circulatory system. They also promote the gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and fatty liver disease. The impaired immune system together with metabolic imbalance also increases the susceptibility of patients to several pathogenic agents such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, the need for a proper immunization protocol among such patients is granted. The focus of the current review is to explore metabolic and immunological abnormalities affecting several organs of T2DM patients and explain the mechanisms, whereby diabetic patients become more susceptible to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Homma T, Fujii J. Emerging connections between oxidative stress, defective proteolysis, and metabolic diseases. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:931-946. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1734588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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16
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Grune T. Oxidized protein aggregates: Formation and biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:120-124. [PMID: 32097679 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of protein aggregates has a long history. While in the first decades until the 80ies of the 20th century only the observation of the presence of such aggregates was reported, later the biochemistry of the formation and the biological effects of theses aggregates were described. This review focusses on the complexity of the biological effects of protein aggregates and its potential role in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785, Berlin, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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17
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ER-Phagy: Quality Control and Turnover of Endoplasmic Reticulum. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:384-398. [PMID: 32302550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in cells and has fundamental functions, such as folding, processing, and trafficking of proteins, cellular metabolism, and ion storage. To maintain its function, it is turned over constitutively, and even more actively under certain stress conditions. Quality control of the ER is mediated primarily by two pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy (termed 'ER-phagy'). The identification of ER-phagy adaptor molecules has shed light on the mechanisms and physiological significance of ER-phagy. Here, we describe recent findings on various types of ER-phagy and present unanswered questions related to their mechanism and regulation.
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18
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Santoro AM, Lanza V, Bellia F, Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Cannizzo A, Grasso G, Arizzi M, Nicoletti VG, Alcaro S, Costa G, Pietropaolo A, Malgieri G, D'Abrosca G, Fattorusso R, García‐Viñuales S, Ahmed IMM, Coletta M, Milardi D. Pyrazolones Activate the Proteasome by Gating Mechanisms and Protect Neuronal Cells from β‐Amyloid Toxicity. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:302-316. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Cristallografia Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Cristallografia Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Cristallografia Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- IRCCS – Fondazione G.B. Bietti Via Livenza 3 00189 Roma Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale Via Montpellier 1 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Grazia R. Tundo
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale Via Montpellier 1 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Alessandra Cannizzo
- Università degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche V.le Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Università degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche V.le Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Arizzi
- Università degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche V.le Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Vincenzo G. Nicoletti
- Università degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche (BIOMETEC) Università di Catania Via Santa Sofia 97 95124 Catania
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Gaetano Malgieri
- Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Gianluca D'Abrosca
- Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Sara García‐Viñuales
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Cristallografia Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Ikhlas M. M. Ahmed
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Cristallografia Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale Via Montpellier 1 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Cristallografia Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
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19
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Aldras Y, Singh S, Bode K, Bhowmick DC, Jeremic A, O'Halloran DM. An inducible model of human amylin overexpression reveals diverse transcriptional changes. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:212-219. [PMID: 30974231 PMCID: PMC6594890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide or amylin is a neuroendocrine peptide with important endocrine and paracrine functions. Excessive production and accumulation of human amylin in the pancreas can lead to its aggregation and apoptosis of islet β-cells. Amylin has been shown to function within the central nervous system to decrease food intake, and more recently, it has been revealed that amylin is directly transcribed from neurons of the central nervous system, including the hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, medial preoptic area, and nucleus accumbens. These findings alter the current model of how amylin targets the nervous system, and as a result may lead to obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Here we set out to use Caenorhabditis elegans as an inducible in vivo model system to study the effects of amylin overexpression in tissues that include the nervous system. We profiled the transcriptional changes in transgenic animals expressing human amylin through RNA-seq. Using this genome-wide approach our results revealed for the first time that expression of human amylin in tissues including the nervous system induce diverse physiological responses in various signaling pathways. From our characterization of transgenic C. elegans animals expressing human amylin, we also observed specific defects in neural developmental programs as well as sensory behavior. Taken together, our data demonstrate the utility of using C. elegans as a valuable in vivo model to study human amylin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Aldras
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636 Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W. Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Katrin Bode
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636 Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W. Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Diti Chatterjee Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Aleksandar Jeremic
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Damien M O'Halloran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington DC, 20052, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636 Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W. Washington DC, 20052, USA.
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