1
|
Dahal L, Graham TGW, Dailey GM, Heckert A, Tjian R, Darzacq X. Surprising Features of Nuclear Receptor Interaction Networks Revealed by Live Cell Single Molecule Imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.16.558083. [PMID: 37745337 PMCID: PMC10516011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.16.558083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Nuclear Receptors (T2NRs) require heterodimerization with a common partner, the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), to bind cognate DNA recognition sites in chromatin. Based on previous biochemical and over-expression studies, binding of T2NRs to chromatin is proposed to be regulated by competition for a limiting pool of the core RXR subunit. However, this mechanism has not yet been tested for endogenous proteins in live cells. Using single molecule tracking (SMT) and proximity-assisted photoactivation (PAPA), we monitored interactions between endogenously tagged retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in live cells. Unexpectedly, we find that higher expression of RAR, but not RXR increases heterodimerization and chromatin binding in U2OS cells. This surprising finding indicates the limiting factor is not RXR but likely its cadre of obligate dimer binding partners. SMT and PAPA thus provide a direct way to probe which components are functionally limiting within a complex TF interaction network providing new insights into mechanisms of gene regulation in vivo with implications for drug development targeting nuclear receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza Dahal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Thomas GW Graham
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Gina M Dailey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alec Heckert
- Eikon Therapeutics Inc., Hayward, California, United States
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Persico M, Sessa R, Cesaro E, Dini I, Costanzo P, Ritieni A, Fattorusso C, Grosso M. A multidisciplinary approach disclosing unexplored Aflatoxin B1 roles in severe impairment of vitamin D mechanisms of action. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1275-1295. [PMID: 36066700 PMCID: PMC10425525 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, is the most toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin among the classes of aflatoxins. Previous research showed that AFB1 affects vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. In the present study, integrated computational and experimental studies were carried out to investigate how AFB1 can interfere with Vitamin D signalling. A competitive antagonism of AFB1 toward RXRα and VDR was hypothesized by comparing the docked complex of AFB1/RXRα and AFB1/VDR ligand-binding domain (LBD) with the X-ray structures of RXRα and VDR bound to known ligands. Accordingly, we demonstrated that AFB1 can affect vitamin D-mediated transcriptional activation of VDR by impairing the formation of protein complexes containing both VDR-RXRα and RXRα/RAR and affecting the subcellular localization of VDR and RXRα. As a whole, our data indicate that AFB1 can interfere with different molecular pathways triggered by vitamin D with an antagonistic mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Persico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sessa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cesaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, Naples, Italy.
- Staff of UNESCO Chair On Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee JH, Gwon MR, Park JS, Lee HW, Lee DH, Yoon YR, Seong SJ. Metabolomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of phthalates and bisphenol A on the antioxidant activity of vitamin D in human samples using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1221:123687. [PMID: 37001203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is important because it has roles in maintaining musculoskeletal health, redox homeostasis, and the immune system; however, it is commonly dysregulated by endocrine disrupting chemicals, particularly phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA). Continuous exposure to phthalates and BPA may alter the endogenous metabolite profiles associated with vitamin D activity, although the specific metabolites are yet to be identified. In this study, we identified the endogenous metabolites altered by phthalates and BPA exposure through untargeted metabolic profiling and investigated the role of these metabolites in vitamin D activity. Plasma metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed in two groups: severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and high exposure to phthalates and BPA (Group A) and 25(OH)D deficiency and low exposure to phthalates and BPA (Group B). Multivariate analysis revealed a distinct separation between the two groups. A total of six metabolites were annotated, of which levels of two were significantly different between the two groups: platelet-activating factor (PAF) C16 or lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) 18:0, and 11Z-eicosenamide. Plasma levels of PAF C16 or lysoPC 18:0 were increased in Group A and exhibited an area under the curve of 0.769 with an accuracy of 74.4% in a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. These metabolites are generated as byproducts of lipid peroxidation, which supports the fact that phthalates and BPA induce oxidative stress in cells. Furthermore, PAF C16 and lysoPC 18:0 may be involved in the network that interferes with the antioxidant activity of vitamin D upon exposure to phthalates and BPA. This study results provide useful information on how the activity of vitamin D on the antioxidant system is inhibited when exposure to phthalates and BPA.
Collapse
|
4
|
How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020482. [PMID: 36851695 PMCID: PMC9961480 DOI: 10.3390/v15020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Females often exhibit superior immune responses compared to males toward vaccines and pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. To help explain these differences, we first studied serum immunoglobulin isotype patterns in C57BL/6 male and female mice. We focused on IgG2b, an isotype that lends to virus control and that has been previously shown to be elevated in murine females compared to males. Improvements in IgG2b serum levels, and/or IgG2b ratios with other non-IgM isotypes, were observed when: (i) wildtype (WT) female mice were compared to estrogen receptor knockout mice (IgG2b, IgG2b/IgG3, IgG2b/IgG1, and IgG2b/IgA were all higher in WT mice), (ii) unmanipulated female mice were compared to ovariectomized mice (IgG2b/IgA was higher in unmanipulated animals), (iii) female mice were supplemented with estrogen in the context of an inflammatory insult (IgG2b and IgG2b/IgG3 were improved by estrogen supplementation), and (iv) male mice were supplemented with testosterone, a hormone that can convert to estrogen in vivo (IgG2b, IgG2b/IgG3, IgG2b/IgG1, and IgG2b/IgA were all improved by supplementation). We next examined data from three sets of previously described male and female human blood samples. In each case, there were higher IgG2 levels, and/or ratios of IgG2 with non-IgM isotypes, in human females compared to males. The effects of sex and sex hormones in the mouse and human studies were subtle, but frequent, suggesting that sex hormones represent only a fraction of the factors that influence isotype patterns. Examination of the gene loci suggested that upregulation of murine IgG2b or human IgG2 could be mediated by estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements and cytosine-adenine (CA) repeats upstream of respective Cγ genes. Given that murine IgG2b and human IgG2 lend to virus control, the isotype biases in females may be sufficient to improve outcomes following vaccination or infection. Future attention to sex hormone levels, and consequent immunoglobulin isotype patterns, in clinical trials are encouraged to support the optimization of vaccine and drug products for male and female hosts.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rehó B, Fadel L, Brazda P, Benziane A, Hegedüs É, Sen P, Gadella TWJ, Tóth K, Nagy L, Vámosi G. Agonist-controlled competition of RAR and VDR nuclear receptors for heterodimerization with RXR is manifested in their DNA binding. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102896. [PMID: 36639026 PMCID: PMC9943875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We found previously that nuclear receptors (NRs) compete for heterodimerization with their common partner, retinoid X receptor (RXR), in a ligand-dependent manner. To investigate potential competition in their DNA binding, we monitored the mobility of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in live cells by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. First, specific agonist treatment and RXR coexpression additively increased RAR DNA binding, while both agonist and RXR were required for increased VDR DNA binding, indicating weaker DNA binding of the VDR/RXR dimer. Second, coexpression of RAR, VDR, and RXR resulted in competition for DNA binding. Without ligand, VDR reduced the DNA-bound fraction of RAR and vice versa, i.e., a fraction of RXR molecules was occupied by the competing partner. The DNA-bound fraction of either RAR or VDR was enhanced by its own and diminished by the competing NR's agonist. When treated with both ligands, the DNA-bound fraction of RAR increased as much as due to its own agonist, whereas that of VDR increased less. RXR agonist also increased DNA binding of RAR at the expense of VDR. In summary, competition between RAR and VDR for RXR is also manifested in their DNA binding in an agonist-dependent manner: RAR dominates over VDR in the absence of agonist or with both agonists present. Thus, side effects of NR-ligand-based (retinoids, thiazolidinediones) therapies may be ameliorated by other NR ligands and be at least partly explained by reduced DNA binding due to competition. Our results also complement the model of NR action by involving competition both for RXR and for DNA sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Rehó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lina Fadel
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Brazda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anass Benziane
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Hegedüs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pialy Sen
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- Section of Molecular Cytology and van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA.
| | - György Vámosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Interactions governing transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1941-1952. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The key players in transcriptional regulation are transcription factors (TFs), proteins that bind specific DNA sequences. Several mechanisms exist to turn TFs ‘on’ and ‘off’, including ligand binding which induces conformational changes within TFs, subsequently influencing multiple inter- and intramolecular interactions to drive transcriptional responses. Nuclear receptors are a specific family of ligand-regulated TFs whose activity relies on interactions with DNA, coregulator proteins and other receptors. These multidomain proteins also undergo interdomain interactions on multiple levels, further modulating transcriptional outputs. Cooperation between these distinct interactions is critical for appropriate transcription and remains an intense area of investigation. In this review, we report and summarize recent findings that continue to advance our mechanistic understanding of how interactions between nuclear receptors and diverse partners influence transcription.
Collapse
|
7
|
Retinol Binding Protein, Sunlight Hours, and the Influenza Virus-Specific Immune Response. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092322. [PMID: 36140423 PMCID: PMC9496108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy pediatric immune responses depend on adequate vitamin A and D levels. Relationships between solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and vitamin D are well understood, while relationships between sunlight, vitamin A, and its serum escort, retinol binding protein (RBP), are not. A pediatric clinical study enrolled 2–8-year-old children at various times between September 2016 and March 2017, inclusive, in Memphis, Tennessee. A serum sample from each child was then assayed to examine the influence of season on vitamin levels. We found that RBP and RBP/retinol molar ratios decreased in winter months and RBP/retinol ratios correlated positively with the average daily sunlight hours per month. A food frequency questionnaire given to parents/guardians indicated a shift in dietary intake from plant-based foods to animal-based foods by children between winter and spring months. This translated to higher retinol and zinc (integral to RBP–transthyretin–retinol complexes) in the spring, perhaps explaining the seasonal influence on RBP/retinol. RBP and retinol were associated positively with IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM ratios. RBP and retinol, but not 25(OH)D, also correlated positively with influenza virus-specific antibodies. Retinol correlated negatively, while 25(OH)D correlated positively, with certain serum cytokine/chemokine levels. Significant differences in 25(OH)D, immunoglobulin ratios, and cytokines/chemokines were observed between black and white children. In sum, seasonal changes in dietary foods rich in retinol and zinc may have influenced RBP levels, which in turn influenced innate and adaptive immune responses. Results encourage routine monitoring and reporting of season, RBP, and vitamin levels in future clinical studies, as seasons may affect sunlight exposures, diet, vitamin levels, and immune protection against infectious disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
H M Ehrler J, Brunst S, Tjaden A, Kilu W, Heering J, Hernandez-Olmos V, Krommes A, Kramer JS, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Müller-Knapp S, Merk D, Proschak E. Compilation and Evaluation of Fatty Acid Mimetics Screening Library. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115191. [PMID: 35907497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Focused compound libraries are well-established tools for hit identification in drug discovery and chemical probe development. We present the compilation and application of a focused screening library of fatty acid mimetics (FAMs), which are compounds designed to bind the orthosteric site proteins that endogenously accommodate natural fatty acids and lipid metabolites. This set complies with chemical properties of FAM and was found suitable for use also in cellular setting. Several hits were retrieved in screening the focused library against diverse fatty acid binding targets including the enzymes soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), the carrier proteins fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and FABP5), as well as the G-protein coupled receptors leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) and free-fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1). Thus, the focused FAM library is suitable to obtain chemical starting matter for fatty acid binding proteins and valuable extends available screening collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H M Ehrler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Brunst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amelie Tjaden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrè Krommes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan S Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller-Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rochel N. Vitamin D and Its Receptor from a Structural Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142847. [PMID: 35889804 PMCID: PMC9325172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The activities of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25D3, are mediated via its binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of 1,25D3 and VDR signaling in various biological processes and associated pathologies. A wealth of information about ligand recognition and mechanism of action by structural analysis of the VDR complexes is also available. The methods used in these structural studies were mainly X-ray crystallography complemented by NMR, cryo-electron microscopy and structural mass spectrometry. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of VDR structures and also to explore the recent progress in understanding the complex mechanism of action of 1,25D3 from a structural perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rochel
- Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bosire R, Fadel L, Mocsár G, Nánási P, Sen P, Sharma AK, Naseem MU, Kovács A, Kugel J, Kroemer G, Vámosi G, Szabó G. Doxorubicin impacts chromatin binding of HMGB1, Histone H1 and retinoic acid receptor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8087. [PMID: 35577872 PMCID: PMC9110345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox), a widely used anticancer DNA-binding drug, affects chromatin in multiple ways, and these effects contribute to both its efficacy and its dose-limiting side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. Here, we studied the effects of Dox on the chromatin binding of the architectural proteins high mobility group B1 (HMGB1) and the linker histone H1, and the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor (RARα) by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in live cells. At lower doses, Dox increased the binding of HMGB1 to DNA while decreasing the binding of the linker histone H1. At higher doses that correspond to the peak plasma concentrations achieved during chemotherapy, Dox reduced the binding of HMGB1 as well. This biphasic effect is interpreted in terms of a hierarchy of competition between the ligands involved and Dox-induced local conformational changes of nucleosome-free DNA. Combined, FRAP and FCS mobility data suggest that Dox decreases the overall binding of RARα to DNA, an effect that was only partially overcome by agonist binding. The intertwined interactions described are likely to contribute to both the effects and side effects of Dox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosevalentine Bosire
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lina Fadel
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mocsár
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nánási
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pialy Sen
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anshu Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Umair Naseem
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Kovács
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jennifer Kugel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - György Vámosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Solé E, González-Prendes R, Oliinychenko Y, Tor M, Ros-Freixedes R, Estany J, Pena RN. Transcriptome shifts triggered by vitamin A and SCD genotype interaction in Duroc pigs. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:16. [PMID: 34991486 PMCID: PMC8739656 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of intramuscular fat depends on genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. In pigs, we identified a haplotype of three SNP mutations in the stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD) gene promoter associated with higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat. The second of these three SNPs (rs80912566, C > T) affected a putative retinol response element in the SCD promoter. The effect of dietary vitamin A restriction over intramuscular fat content is controversial as it depends on the pig genetic line and the duration of the restriction. This study aims to investigate changes in the muscle transcriptome in SCD rs80912566 TT and CC pigs fed with and without a vitamin A supplement during the fattening period. RESULTS Vitamin A did not affect carcass traits or intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition, but we observed an interaction between vitamin A and SCD genotype on the desaturation of fatty acids in muscle. As reported before, the SCD-TT pigs had more monounsaturated fat than the SCD-CC animals. The diet lacking the vitamin A supplement enlarged fatty acid compositional differences between SCD genotypes, partly because vitamin A had a bigger effect on fatty acid desaturation in SCD-CC pigs (positive) than in SCD-TT and SCD-TC animals (negative). The interaction between diet and genotype was also evident at the transcriptome level; the highest number of differentially expressed genes were detected between SCD-TT pigs fed with the two diets. The genes modulated by the diet with the vitamin A supplement belonged to metabolic and signalling pathways related to immunity and inflammation, transport through membrane-bounded vesicles, fat metabolism and transport, reflecting the impact of retinol on a wide range of metabolic processes. CONCLUSIONS Restricting dietary vitamin A during the fattening period did not improve intramuscular fat content despite relevant changes in muscle gene expression, both in coding and non-coding genes. Vitamin A activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner, which affected the monounsaturated fatty acid content, particularly in SCD-CC pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Solé
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25197, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rayner González-Prendes
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25197, Lleida, Spain.,Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc Tor
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25197, Lleida, Spain
| | - Roger Ros-Freixedes
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25197, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Estany
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25197, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ramona N Pena
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25197, Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Vink PJ, Koops AA, D'Arrigo G, Cruciani G, Spyrakis F, Brunsveld L. Cooperativity as quantification and optimization paradigm for nuclear receptor modulators. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2744-2752. [PMID: 35340861 PMCID: PMC8890100 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A cooperativity framework describes the formation of nuclear receptor ternary complexes and deconvolutes ligand and cofactor binding into intrinsic affinities and a cooperativity factor, providing a conceptually new understanding of NR modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim J. de Vink
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Auke A. Koops
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia D'Arrigo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Welsh J. Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Update. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10582. [PMID: 34950835 PMCID: PMC8674767 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mammary gland and breast cancer has long been recognized, and multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that its ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), modulates normal mammary gland development and inhibits growth of breast tumors in animal models. Vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients, and some evidence suggests that low vitamin D status enhances the risk for disease development or progression. Although many 1,25D-responsive targets in normal mammary cells and in breast cancers have been identified, validation of specific targets that regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation, particularly in vivo, has been challenging. Model systems of carcinogenesis have provided evidence that both VDR expression and 1,25D actions change with transformation, but clinical data regarding vitamin D responsiveness of established tumors is limited and inconclusive. Because breast cancer is heterogeneous, the relevant VDR targets and potential sensitivity to vitamin D repletion or supplementation will likely differ between patient populations. Detailed analysis of VDR actions in specific molecular subtypes of the disease will be necessary to clarify the conflicting data. Genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of in vitro and in vivo model systems are also warranted to comprehensively understand the network of vitamin D-regulated pathways in the context of breast cancer heterogeneity. This review provides an update on recent studies spanning the spectrum of mechanistic (cell/molecular), preclinical (animal models), and translational work on the role of vitamin D in breast cancer. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoEllen Welsh
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesSUNY Albany Cancer Research CenterRensselaerNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarohan AR, Kızıl M, İnkaya AÇ, Mahmud S, Akram M, Cen O. A novel hypothesis for COVID-19 pathogenesis: Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110121. [PMID: 34438017 PMCID: PMC8380544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. In less than a year and a half, more than 200 million people have been infected and more than four million have died. Despite some improvement in the treatment strategies, no definitive treatment protocol has been developed. The pathogenesis of the disease has not been clearly elucidated yet. A clear understanding of its pathogenesis will help develop effective vaccines and drugs. The immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is characteristic with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan involvement with impaired Type I interferon response and hyperinflammation. The destructive systemic effects of COVID-19 cannot be explained simply by the viral tropism through the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. In addition, the recently identified mutations cannot fully explain the defect in all cases of Type I interferon synthesis. We hypothesize that retinol depletion and resulting impaired retinoid signaling play a central role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis that is characteristic for dysregulated immune system, defect in Type I interferon synthesis, severe inflammatory process, and destructive systemic multiorgan involvement. Viral RNA recognition mechanism through RIG-I receptors can quickly consume a large amount of the body's retinoid reserve, which causes the retinol levels to fall below the normal serum levels. This causes retinoid insufficiency and impaired retinoid signaling, which leads to interruption in Type I interferon synthesis and an excessive inflammation. Therefore, reconstitution of the retinoid signaling may prove to be a valid strategy for management of COVID-19 as well for some other chronic, degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Rodan Sarohan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicina Plus Medical Center, 75. Yıl Mah., İstiklal Cad. 1305 Sk., No: 16 Sultangazi, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kızıl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dicle University. Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Shokhan Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine Government College, University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Osman Cen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, John Wood College, Quincy, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vitamin A5/X controls stress-adaptation and prevents depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model of chronic stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100375. [PMID: 34401411 PMCID: PMC8355947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), acts as an endogenous ligand of the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), and is an active form of a suggested new vitamin, vitamin A5/X. Nutritional-relevance of this pathway as well as its detailed role in vertebrate physiology, remain largely unknown. Since recent GWAS data and experimental studies associated RXR-mediated signaling with depression, we explored here the relevance of RXR and vitamin A5/X-mediated signaling in the control of stress adaptation and depressive-like behaviors in mice. We found that compromised availability of 9CDHRA in Rbp1−/− mice was associated with increased despair in the forced swim and anhedonia in the sucrose preference test. 9CDHRA similarly to synthetic RXR agonist, BMS649, normalized despair behaviors in Rbp1−/− but not Rxrγ−/− mice, supporting involvement of RXR signaling in anti-despair activity of these ligands. Importantly, similarly to BMS649, the 9CDHRA and its nutritional-precursor, 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol (vitamin A5/X alcohol), prevented development of depressive-like behaviors in mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress, revealing the beneficial role of RXRs and its endogenous ligand in stress adaptation process. These data point to the need for relevant nutritional, biochemical and pharmacological studies of this signaling pathway in human, both in physiological conditions and in pathologies of stress-related disorders.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ligands and DNA in the allosteric control of retinoid receptors function. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:887-899. [PMID: 34296739 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are a family of compounds that include both vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and its naturally occurring metabolites such as retinoic acids (e.g. all-trans retinoic acid) as well as synthetic analogs. They are critically involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as embryogenesis and organogenesis, apoptosis, reproduction, vision, and the growth and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells in vertebrates. The ability of these small molecules to control the expression of several hundred genes through binding to nuclear ligand-dependent transcription factors accounts for most of their functions. Three retinoic acid receptor (RARα,β,γ) and three retinoid X receptor (RXRα,β,γ) subtypes form a variety of RXR-RAR heterodimers that have been shown to mediate the pleiotropic effects of retinoids through the recruitment of high-molecular weight co-regulatory complexes to response-element DNA sequences found in the promoter region of their target genes. Hence, heterodimeric retinoid receptors are multidomain entities that respond to various incoming signals, such as ligand and DNA binding, by allosteric structural alterations which are the basis of further signal propagation. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge with regard to the structural mechanisms by which retinoids and DNA response elements act as allosteric effectors that may combine to finely tune RXR-RAR heterodimers activity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kilu W, Merk D, Steinhilber D, Proschak E, Heering J. Heterodimer formation with retinoic acid receptor RXRα modulates coactivator recruitment by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100814. [PMID: 34081964 PMCID: PMC8258697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) activate transcription of target genes in response to binding of ligands to their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Typically, in vitro assays use either gene expression or the recruitment of coactivators to the isolated LBD of the NR of interest to measure NR activation. However, this approach ignores that NRs function as homo- as well as heterodimers and that the LBD harbors the main dimerization interface. Cofactor recruitment is thereby interconnected with oligomerization status as well as ligand occupation of the partnering LBD through allosteric cross talk. Here we present a modular set of homogeneous time-resolved FRET-based assays through which we investigated the activation of PPARγ in response to ligands and the formation of heterodimers with its obligatory partner RXRα. We introduced mutations into the RXRα LBD that prevent coactivator binding but do not interfere with LBD dimerization or ligand binding. This enabled us to specifically detect PPARγ coactivator recruitment to PPARγ:RXRα heterodimers. We found that the RXRα agonist SR11237 destabilized the RXRα homodimer but promoted formation of the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer, while being inactive on PPARγ itself. Of interest, incorporation of PPARγ into the heterodimer resulted in a substantial gain in affinity for coactivator CBP-1, even in the absence of ligands. Consequently, SR11237 indirectly promoted coactivator binding to PPARγ by shifting the oligomerization preference of RXRα toward PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer formation. These results emphasize that investigation of ligand-dependent NR activation should take NR dimerization into account. We envision these assays as the necessary assay tool kit for investigating NRs that partner with RXRα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Di Martino O, Ferris MA, Hadwiger G, Sarkar S, Vu A, Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Ricote M, Welch JS. RXRA DT448/9PP generates a dominant active variant capable of inducing maturation in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Haematologica 2021; 107:417-426. [PMID: 34134472 PMCID: PMC8804561 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.278603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
RARA and RXRA contribute to myeloid maturation in both mice and humans, and deletion of Rxra and Rxrb augments leukemic growth in mice. While defining the domains of RXRA that are required for anti-leukemic effects in murine KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia cells, we unexpectedly identified RXRA DT448/9PP as a constitutively active variant capable of inducing maturation and loss of their proliferative phenotype. RXRA DT448/9PP was associated with ligand-independent activity in reporter assays, with enhanced co-activator interactions, reduced engraftment in vivo, and activation of myeloid maturation transcriptional signatures that overlapped with those of cells treated with the potent RXRA agonist bexarotene, suggestive of constitutive activity that leads to leukemic maturation. Phenotypes of RXRA DT448/9PP appear to differ from those of two other RXRA mutations with forms of constitutive activity (F318A and S427F), in that DT448/9PP activity was resistant to mutations at critical ligand-interacting amino acids (R316A/L326A) and was resistant to pharmacological antagonists, suggesting it may be ligand-independent. These data provide further evidence that activated retinoid X receptors can regulate myeloid maturation and provide a novel constitutively active variant that may be germane for broader studies of retinoid X receptors in other settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Di Martino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Margaret A Ferris
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Gayla Hadwiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Soyi Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Anh Vu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - María P Menéndez-Gutiérrez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - John S Welch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qian H, Zhao J, Yang X, Wu S, An Y, Qu Y, Li Z, Ge H, Li E, Qi W. TET1 promotes RXRα expression and adipogenesis through DNA demethylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158919. [PMID: 33684567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is important for systemic metabolic homeostasis in response to environmental changes, and adipogenesis involves dynamic transcriptional regulation. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes (TET1, 2 and 3) oxidize the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC), which associates with transcriptional activation. Step by step, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) are further generated by TETs and the cytosine can be restored through base-excision repair. It is still unclear how DNA demethylation is involved in adipogenesis. Through a phenotypic screen, we found TET inhibition decreased adipocyte differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Comparing with the undifferentiated MSCs, the differentiated adipocytes exhibited much higher levels of 5hmC and slightly increased 5fC and 5caC. Higher 5hmC was associated with better differentiation at single-cell level by image analysis. TET1 is upregulated in differentiation and depletion of it significantly impaired the gain of 5hmC. Furthermore, Tet1 depletion significantly hampered the adipocyte differentiation. Using RNA-seq, 5mC and 5hmC-DNA immunoprecipitation, we found that Tet1 knockout led to lower expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and fat cell differentiation. Genes with loss of 5mC or gain of 5hmC in adipocytes include Lipe, Bmp4 and Rxra, etc. RXRα agonist partially rescued the inhibitory effect of Tet1 knockout for adipogenesis. So, Rxra is one of the critical TET1 modulated genes. Together, TET1-mediated active DNA demethylation plays an important role in adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China; China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sujuan Wu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang An
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuxiu Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Ge
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - En Li
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alatshan A, Benkő S. Nuclear Receptors as Multiple Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630569. [PMID: 33717162 PMCID: PMC7952630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are important bridges between lipid signaling molecules and transcription responses. Beside their role in several developmental and physiological processes, many of these receptors have been shown to regulate and determine the fate of immune cells, and the outcome of immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions. While NLRP3 inflammasome is assumed as key regulator for innate and adaptive immune responses, and has been associated with various pathological events, the precise impact of the nuclear receptors on the function of inflammasome is hardly investigated. A wide variety of factors and conditions have been identified as modulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and at the same time, many of the nuclear receptors are known to regulate, and interact with these factors, including cellular metabolism and various signaling pathways. Nuclear receptors are in the focus of many researches, as these receptors are easy to manipulate by lipid soluble molecules. Importantly, nuclear receptors mediate regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels: not only at transcription level, but also in the cytosol via non-genomic effects. Their importance is also reflected by the numerous approved drugs that have been developed in the past decade to specifically target nuclear receptors subtypes. Researches aiming to delineate mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation draw a wide range of attention due to their unquestionable importance in infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of current reports and knowledge about NLRP3 inflammasome regulation from the perspective of nuclear receptors, in order to bring new insight to the potentially therapeutic aspect in targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alatshan
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|