1
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Yakovlev AG, Taisova AS. Quenching of bacteriochlorophyll a triplet state by carotenoids in the chlorosome baseplate of green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8815-8823. [PMID: 38421198 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To capture weak light fluxes, green photosynthetic bacteria have unique structures - chlorosomes, consisting of 104-5 molecules of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, e. Chlorosomes are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane through the baseplate, a paracrystalline protein structure containing BChl a and carotenoids (Car). The most important function of Car is the quenching of triplet states of BChl, which prevents the formation of singlet oxygen and thereby provides photoprotection. In our work, we studied the dynamics of the triplet states of BChl a and Car in the baseplate of Chloroflexus aurantiacus chlorosomes using picosecond differential spectroscopy. BChl a of the baseplate was excited into the Qy band at 810 nm, and the corresponding absorption changes were recorded in the range of 420-880 nm. It was found that the formation of the Car triplet state occurs in ∼1.3 ns, which is ∼3 times faster than the formation of this state in the peripheral antenna of C. aurantiacus according to literature data. The Car triplet state was recorded by the characteristic absorption band T1 → Tn at ∼550 nm. Simultaneously with the appearance of absorption T1 → Tn, there was a bleaching of the singlet absorption of Car in the region of 400-500 nm. Theoretical modeling made it possible to estimate the characteristic time of formation of the triplet state of BChl a as ∼0.5 ns. It is shown that the experimental data are well described by the sequential scheme of formation and quenching of the BChl a triplet state: BChl a* → BChl aT → CarT. Thus, carotenoids from green bacteria effectively protect the baseplate from possible damage by singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G Yakovlev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexandra S Taisova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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2
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Fleitas AG, Sardar S, Arnould-Pétré MM, Murace M, Vignolini S, Brodie J, Lanzani G, D'Andrea C. Influence of structural colour on the photoprotective mechanism in the gametophyte phase of the red alga Chondrus crispus. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230676. [PMID: 38378137 PMCID: PMC10878799 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine life is populated by a huge diversity of organisms with an incredible range of colour. While structural colour mechanisms and functions are usually well studied in marine animal species, there is a huge knowledge gap regarding the marine macroalgae (red, green and brown seaweeds) that have structural coloration and the biological significance of this phenomenon in these photosynthetic organisms. Here we show that structural colour in the gametophyte life history phase of the red alga Chondrus crispus plays an important role as a photoprotective mechanism in synergy with the other pigments present. In particular, we have demonstrated that blue structural coloration attenuates the more energetic light while simultaneously favouring green and red light harvesting through the external antennae (phycobilisomes) which possess an intensity-dependent photoprotection mechanism. These insights into the relationship between structural colour and photosynthetic light management further our understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel García Fleitas
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Samim Sardar
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Murace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Juliet Brodie
- Natural History Museum, Science, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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3
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Hu F, Zhang Y, Guo J. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, leaf microstructure, and related gene expression of yellow horn. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2215025. [PMID: 37243677 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2215025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Yellow horn grows in northern China and has a high tolerance to drought and poor soil. Improving photosynthetic efficiency and increasing plant growth and yield under drought conditions have become important research content for researchers worldwide. Our study goal is to provide comprehensive information on photosynthesis and some candidate genes breeding of yellow horn under drought stress. In this study, seedlings' stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence parameters decreased under drought stress, but non-photochemical quenching increased. The leaf microstructure showed that stomata underwent a process from opening to closing, guard cells from complete to dry, and surrounding leaf cells from smooth to severe shrinkage. The chloroplast ultrastructure showed that the changes of starch granules were different under different drought stress, while plastoglobules increased and expanded continuously. In addition, we found some differentially expressed genes related to photosystem, electron transport component, oxidative phosphate ATPase, stomatal closure, and chloroplast ultrastructure. These results laid a foundation for further genetic improvement and deficit resistance breeding of yellow horn under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
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4
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Cantrell M, Ware MA, Peers G. Characterizing compensatory mechanisms in the absence of photoprotective qE in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:23-39. [PMID: 37488319 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid fluctuations in the quantity and quality of natural light expose photosynthetic organisms to conditions when the capacity to utilize absorbed quanta is insufficient. These conditions can result in the production of reactive oxygen species and photooxidative damage. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and alternative electron transport are the two most prominent mechanisms which synergistically function to minimize the overreduction of photosystems. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the stress-related light-harvesting complex (LHCSR) is a required component for the rapid induction and relaxation of NPQ in the light-harvesting antenna. Here, we use simultaneous chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen exchange measurements to characterize the acclimation of the Chlamydomonas LHCSR-less mutant (npq4lhcsr1) to saturating light conditions. We demonstrate that, in the absence of NPQ, Chlamydomonas does not acclimate to sinusoidal light through increased light-dependent oxygen consumption. We also show that the npq4lhcsr1 mutant has an increased sink capacity downstream of PSI and this energy flow is likely facilitated by cyclic electron transport. Furthermore, we show that the timing of additions of mitochondrial inhibitors has a major influence on plastid/mitochondrial coupling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maxwell A Ware
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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5
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Osyczka P, Myśliwa-Kurdziel B. The pattern of photosynthetic response and adaptation to changing light conditions in lichens is linked to their ecological range. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01015-z. [PMID: 36976446 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epiphytic lichens constitute an important component of biodiversity in both deforested and forest ecosystems. Widespread occurrence is the domain of generalist lichens or those that prefer open areas. While, many stenoecious lichens find shelter only in a shaded interior of forests. Light is one of the factors known to be responsible for lichen distribution. Nevertheless, the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis of lichen photobionts remain largely unknown. We investigated photosynthesis in lichens with different ecological properties in relation to light as the only parameter modified during the experiments. The aim was to find links between this parameter and habitat requirements of a given lichen. We applied the methods based on a saturating light pulse and modulated light to perform comprehensive analyses of fast and slow chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP and PSMT) combined with quenching analysis. We also examined the rate of CO2 assimilation. Common or generalist lichens, i.e. Hypogymnia physodes, Flavoparmelia caperata and Parmelia sulcata, are able to adapt to a wide range of light intensity. Moreover, the latter species, which prefers open areas, dissipates the excess energy most efficiently. Conversely, Cetrelia cetrarioides considered an old-growth forest indicator, demonstrates definitely lower range of energy dissipation than other species, although it assimilates CO2 efficiently both at low and high light. We conclude that functional plasticity of the thylakoid membranes of photobionts largely determines the dispersal abilities of lichens and light intensity is one of the most important factors determining the specificity of a species to a given habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Osyczka
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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6
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Slonimskiy YB, Zupnik AO, Varfolomeeva LA, Boyko KM, Maksimov EG, Sluchanko NN. A primordial Orange Carotenoid Protein: Structure, photoswitching activity and evolutionary aspects. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:167-180. [PMID: 36165868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthesizing prokaryotes responsible for the Great Oxygenation Event on Earth ~2.5 Ga years ago. They use a specific photoprotective mechanism based on the 35-kDa photoactive Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP), a promising target for developing novel optogenetic tools and for biomass engineering. The two-domain OCP presumably stems from domain fusion, yet the primitive thylakoid-less cyanobacteria Gloeobacter encodes a complete OCP. Its photosynthesis regulation lacks the so-called Fluorescence Recovery Protein (FRP), which in Synechocystis inhibits OCP-mediated phycobilisome fluorescence quenching, and Gloeobacter OCP belongs to the recently defined, heterogeneous clade OCPX (GlOCPX), the least characterized compared to OCP2 and especially OCP1 clades. Here, we describe the first crystal structure of OCPX, which explains unique functional adaptations of Gloeobacter OCPX compared to OCP1 from Synechocystis. We show that monomeric GlOCPX exploits a remarkable intramolecular locking mechanism stabilizing its dark-adapted state and exhibits drastically accelerated, less temperature-dependent recovery after photoactivation. While GlOCPX quenches Synechocystis phycobilisomes similar to Synechocystis OCP1, it evades interaction with and regulation by FRP from other species and likely uses alternative mechanisms for fluorescence recovery. This analysis of a primordial OCPX sheds light on its evolution, rationalizing renaming and subdivision of the OCPX clade into subclades - OCP3a, OCP3b, OCP3c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury B Slonimskiy
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei O Zupnik
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa A Varfolomeeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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7
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Moya R, Norris AC, Spangler LC, Scholes GD, Schlau-Cohen GS. Observation of conformational dynamics in single light-harvesting proteins from cryptophyte algae. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:035102. [PMID: 35868944 PMCID: PMC9894659 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms use pigment-protein complexes to capture the sunlight that powers most life on earth. Within these complexes, the position of the embedded pigments is all optimized for light harvesting. At the same time, the protein scaffold undergoes thermal fluctuations that vary the structure, and, thus, photophysics, of the complexes. While these variations are averaged out in ensemble measurements, single-molecule spectroscopy provides the ability to probe these conformational changes. We used single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to identify the photophysical substates reflective of distinct conformations and the associated conformational dynamics in phycoerythrin 545 (PE545), a pigment-protein complex from cryptophyte algae. Rapid switching between photophysical states was observed, indicating that ensemble measurements average over a conformational equilibrium. A highly quenched conformation was also identified, and its population increased under high light. This discovery establishes that PE545 has the characteristics to serve as a photoprotective site. Finally, unlike homologous proteins from the evolutionarily related cyanobacteria and red algae, quenching was not observed upon photobleaching, which may allow for robust photophysics without the need for rapid repair or replacement machinery. Collectively, these observations establish the presence of a rich and robust set of conformational states of PE545. Cryptophytes exhibit particularly diverse energetics owing to the variety of microenvironments in which they survive, and the conformational states and dynamics reported here may provide photophysical flexibility that contributes to their remarkable ability to flourish under diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Moya
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Audrey C. Norris
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Leah C. Spangler
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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8
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Putzier CC, Polich SB, Verhoeven AS. Sustained zeaxanthin-dependent thermal dissipation is induced by desiccation and low temperatures in the fern Polypodium virginianum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13743. [PMID: 35773786 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation and low temperatures inhibit photosynthetic carbon reduction and, in combination with light, result in severe oxidative stress, thus, tolerant organisms must utilize enhanced photoprotective mechanisms to prevent damaging reactions from occurring. We sought to characterize the desiccation tolerance of the fern Polypodium virginianum and to assess the role of the xanthophyll cycle and sustained forms of thermal dissipation in its response to desiccation, as well as to low temperatures during winter. Our results demonstrate that P. virginianum is desiccation-tolerant and that it increases its utilization of sustained forms of zexanthin (Z)-dependent thermal dissipation in response to desiccation and low temperatures during winter. Experiments with detached fronds were conducted in dark and natural light conditions and demonstrated that some dark-formation of Z occurs in this species. In addition, desiccation in the light resulted in more pronounced declines in maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv /Fm ) and higher Z levels than desiccation in the dark, indicating a substantial fraction of the sustained reduction in Fv /Fm is due to Z-dependent sustained dissipation. Recovery from desiccation and from low temperatures exhibited biphasic kinetics with a more rapid phase (1-4 h), which was accompanied by an increase in minimal fluorescence yield (Fo ) but no change in Z, and a slower phase (up to 24 h) correlating with reconversion of Z to violaxanthin. These data suggest that two mechanisms of sustained thermal dissipation occur in response to desiccation and low temperatures, possibly corresponding to sustained forms of the energy-dependent and zeaxanthin-dependent mechanisms of dynamic thermal dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidney B Polich
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy S Verhoeven
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1025-1034. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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10
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Theodosiou E, Tüllinghoff A, Toepel J, Bühler B. Exploitation of Hetero- and Phototrophic Metabolic Modules for Redox-Intensive Whole-Cell Biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855715. [PMID: 35497353 PMCID: PMC9043136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful realization of a sustainable manufacturing bioprocess and the maximization of its production potential and capacity are the main concerns of a bioprocess engineer. A main step towards this endeavor is the development of an efficient biocatalyst. Isolated enzyme(s), microbial cells, or (immobilized) formulations thereof can serve as biocatalysts. Living cells feature, beside active enzymes, metabolic modules that can be exploited to support energy-dependent and multi-step enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Metabolism can sustainably supply necessary cofactors or cosubstrates at the expense of readily available and cheap resources, rendering external addition of costly cosubstrates unnecessary. However, for the development of an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst, in depth comprehension of metabolic modules and their interconnection with cell growth, maintenance, and product formation is indispensable. In order to maximize the flux through biosynthetic reactions and pathways to an industrially relevant product and respective key performance indices (i.e., titer, yield, and productivity), existing metabolic modules can be redesigned and/or novel artificial ones established. This review focuses on whole-cell bioconversions that are coupled to heterotrophic or phototrophic metabolism and discusses metabolic engineering efforts aiming at 1) increasing regeneration and supply of redox equivalents, such as NAD(P/H), 2) blocking competing fluxes, and 3) increasing the availability of metabolites serving as (co)substrates of desired biosynthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Theodosiou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Adrian Tüllinghoff
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Toepel
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Fattore N, Savio S, Vera‐Vives AM, Battistuzzi M, Moro I, La Rocca N, Morosinotto T. Acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus in the mesophilic red alga Dixoniella giordanoi. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:805-817. [PMID: 34171145 PMCID: PMC8596783 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic algae are photosynthetic organisms capable of exploiting sunlight to fix carbon dioxide into biomass with highly variable genetic and metabolic features. Information on algae metabolism from different species is inhomogeneous and, while green algae are, in general, more characterized, information on red algae is relatively scarce despite their relevant position in eukaryotic algae diversity. Within red algae, the best-known species are extremophiles or multicellular, while information on mesophilic unicellular organisms is still lacunose. Here, we investigate the photosynthetic properties of a recently isolated seawater unicellular mesophilic red alga, Dixoniella giordanoi. Upon exposure to different illuminations, D. giordanoi shows the ability to acclimate, modulate chlorophyll content, and re-organize thylakoid membranes. Phycobilisome content is also largely regulated, leading to almost complete disassembly of this antenna system in cells grown under intense illumination. Despite the absence of a light-induced xanthophyll cycle, cells accumulate zeaxanthin upon prolonged exposure to strong light, likely contributing to photoprotection. D. giordanoi cells show the ability to perform cyclic electron transport that is enhanced under strong illumination, likely contributing to the protection of Photosystem I from over-reduction and enabling cells to survive PSII photoinhibition without negative impact on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Savio
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Mariano Battistuzzi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali (CISAS) “Giuseppe Colombo”University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
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Verhoeven AS, Berkowitz JM, Walton BN, Berube BK, Willour JJ, Polich SB. Is zeaxanthin needed for desiccation tolerance? Sustained forms of thermal dissipation in tolerant versus sensitive bryophytes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:453-467. [PMID: 33161567 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerant (DT) plants engage and disengage sustained forms of energy dissipation in response to desiccation and rehydration. This project sought to characterize the role of zeaxanthin and thylakoid protein phosphorylation status in sustained energy dissipation during desiccation in bryophytes with varying DT. Tolerant (Polytrichum piliferum, Dicranum species, Calliergon stramineum) and sensitive (Grimmia species, Schistidium rivulare, Sphagnum species) moss were desiccated in darkness or natural light conditions for up to three weeks. Desiccation caused pronounced reductions in Fv /Fm in all cases which was enhanced by light exposure during desiccation. Desiccation in darkness resulted in no accumulation of Z in any species, however, in natural light conditions there was significant accumulation of Z in tolerant but not sensitive species. Desiccation in natural light, relative to darkness, resulted in more pronounced reductions in Fo in tolerant but not sensitive species. Recovery of Fv /Fm upon rehydration occurred in two phases, a rapid phase (minutes) and a slower phase (hours). Increased time of desiccation, and light exposure, resulted in a reduction in the rapid phase. Desiccation in light conditions resulted in some accumulation of the phosphorylated form of the major light harvesting trimer (LHCII). Data are consistent with two mechanisms of sustained quenching, neither of which requires Z. However, when desiccation occurs in natural light conditions, accumulation of Z likely contributes to one or both of the sustained forms of dissipation. Increases in LHCII phosphorylation during desiccation are consistent with increased connectivity between the photosystems. The absence of Z formation in sensitive species may contribute to their lack of desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Verhoeven
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Brenna N Walton
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandt K Berube
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jerry J Willour
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sidney B Polich
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Adaptive laboratory evolution of the fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801 for improved solvent tolerance. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:491-500. [PMID: 33610455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria hold promise as cell factories for the photoautotrophic conversion of carbon dioxide to useful chemicals. For the eventual commercial viability of such processes, cyanobacteria need to be engineered for (i) efficient channeling of carbon flux toward the product of interest and (ii) improved product tolerance, the latter being the focus of this study. We chose the recently reported, fast-growing, high light and CO2 tolerant cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801 for adaptive laboratory evolution. In two parallel experiments that lasted over 8400 h of culturing and 100 serial passages, S. elongatus PCC 11801 was evolved to tolerate 5 g/L n-butanol or 30 g/L 2,3-butanediol representing a 100% improvement in concentrations tolerated. The evolved strains retained alcohol tolerance even after being passaged several times without the alcohol stress suggesting that the changes were permanent. Whole genome sequencing of the n-butanol evolved strains revealed mutations in a number of stress responsive genes encoding translation initiation factors, RpoB and an ABC transporter. In 2,3-butanediol evolved strains, genes for ClpC, a different ABC transporter, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoribulokinase were found to be mutated. Furthermore, the evolved strains showed significant improvement in tolerance toward several other alcohols. Notably, the n-butanol evolved strain could tolerate up to 32 g/L ethanol, thereby making it a promising host for photosynthetic production of biofuels via metabolic engineering.
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14
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Bondanza M, Cupellini L, Faccioli P, Mennucci B. Molecular Mechanisms of Activation in the Orange Carotenoid Protein Revealed by Molecular Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21829-21841. [PMID: 33332967 PMCID: PMC7775743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Light-harvesting
in photosynthesis is accompanied by photoprotective
processes. In cyanobacteria, the photoprotective role is played by
a specialized complex, the orange carotenoid protein, which is activated
by strong blue-green light. This photoactivation involves a unique
series of structural changes which terminate with an opening of the
complex into two separate domains, one of which acts as a quencher
for the light-harvesting complexes. Many experimental studies have
tried to reveal the molecular mechanisms through which the energy
absorbed by the carotenoid finally leads to the large conformational
change of the complex. Here, for the first time, these mechanisms
are revealed by simulating at the atomistic level the whole dynamics
of the complex through an effective combination of enhanced sampling
techniques. On the basis of our findings, we can conclude that the
carotenoid does not act as a spring that, releasing its internal strain,
induces the dissociation, as was previously proposed, but as a “latch”
locking together the two domains. The photochemically triggered displacement
of the carotenoid breaks this balance, allowing the complex to dissociate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bondanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Faccioli
- Physics Department, Trento University, Via Sommarive 14, 38128 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Šebelík V, West R, Trsková EK, Kaňa R, Polívka T. Energy transfer pathways in the CAC light-harvesting complex of Rhodomonas salina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148280. [PMID: 32717221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms had to evolve diverse mechanisms of light-harvesting to supply photosynthetic apparatus with enough energy. Cryptophytes represent one of the groups of photosynthetic organisms combining external and internal antenna systems. They contain one type of immobile phycobiliprotein located at the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane, together with membrane-bound chlorophyll a/c antenna (CAC). Here we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study energy transfer pathways in the CAC proteins of cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina. The major CAC carotenoid, alloxanthin, is a cryptophyte-specific carotenoid, and it is the only naturally-occurring carotenoid with two triple bonds in its structure. In order to explore the energy transfer pathways within the CAC complex, three excitation wavelengths (505, 590, and 640 nm) were chosen to excite pigments in the CAC antenna. The excitation of Chl c at either 590 or 640 nm proves efficient energy transfer between Chl c and Chl a. The excitation of alloxanthin at 505 nm shows an active pathway from the S2 state with efficiency around 50%, feeding both Chl a and Chl c with approximately 1:1 branching ratio, yet, the S1-route is rather inefficient. The 57 ps energy transfer time to Chl a gives ~25% efficiency of the S1 channel. The low efficiency of the S1 route renders the overall carotenoid-Chl energy transfer efficiency low, pointing to the regulatory role of alloxanthin in the CAC antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šebelík
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert West
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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16
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Qiao Y, Wang W, Lu X. High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1659. [PMID: 32765469 PMCID: PMC7379126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the oldest photosynthetic microorganisms with good environmental adaptability. They are ubiquitous in light-exposed habitats on Earth. In recent years, cyanobacteria have become an ideal platform for producing biofuels and biochemicals from solar energy and carbon dioxide. Alka(e)nes are the main constituents of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Alka(e)ne biosynthesis pathways are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria. Most cyanobacteria biosynthesize long chain alka(e)nes via acyl-acyl-carrier proteins reductase (AAR) and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO). Alka(e)nes can be biodegraded by a variety of cyanobacteria, which lack a β-oxidation pathway. However, the mechanisms of alka(e)ne biodegradation in cyanobacteria remain elusive. In this study, a cyanobacterial alka(e)ne biodegradation pathway was uncovered by in vitro enzyme assays. Under high light, alka(e)nes in the membrane can be converted into alcohols and aldehydes by ADO, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) can then convert the aldehydes into fatty acids to maintain lipid homeostasis in cyanobacteria. As highly reduced molecules, alka(e)nes could serve as electron donors to further reduce partially reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cyanobacteria under high light. Alka(e)ne biodegradation may serve as an emergency mechanism for responding to the oxidative stress generated by excess light exposure. This study will shed new light on the roles of alka(e)ne metabolism in cyanobacteria. It is important to reduce the content of ROS by optimization of cultivation and genetic engineering for efficient alka(e)ne biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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17
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Abu-Ghosh S, Dubinsky Z, Iluz D. Acclimation of thermotolerant algae to light and temperature interaction 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:662-670. [PMID: 31913505 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we explore the responses of photosynthesis and related cellular processes in the thermotolerant microalga Micractinium sp. acclimated to limiting and saturating irradiances combined with elevated temperatures, using a novel computer-controlled multi-sensor system. This system allows for the monitoring of online values of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and respiration with high accuracy. Micractinium sp. cells showed maximum growth and net oxygen production rates under the optimal temperature of 25°C regardless of the light acclimation conditions. Our results show that the upper thermal threshold for Micractinium sp. photosynthesis and growth ranges between 35°C and 40°C. This microalga exhibited stable photosynthetic efficiency and effective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under saturating light, and was more susceptible to temperature change when acclimated to limiting light levels. These results demonstrate that the acclimation of thermotolerant microalgae to saturating light helps to enhance the thermal tolerance of PSII. This feature results from enhanced heat stability of PSII photochemistry and oxygen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Mina and Everard Goodman, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Mina and Everard Goodman, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - David Iluz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Mina and Everard Goodman, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
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18
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Veaudor T, Blanc-Garin V, Chenebault C, Diaz-Santos E, Sassi JF, Cassier-Chauvat C, Chauvat F. Recent Advances in the Photoautotrophic Metabolism of Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Implications. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E71. [PMID: 32438704 PMCID: PMC7281370 DOI: 10.3390/life10050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria constitute the only phylum of oxygen-evolving photosynthetic prokaryotes that shaped the oxygenic atmosphere of our planet. Over time, cyanobacteria have evolved as a widely diverse group of organisms that have colonized most aquatic and soil ecosystems of our planet and constitute a large proportion of the biomass that sustains the biosphere. Cyanobacteria synthesize a vast array of biologically active metabolites that are of great interest for human health and industry, and several model cyanobacteria can be genetically manipulated. Hence, cyanobacteria are regarded as promising microbial factories for the production of chemicals from highly abundant natural resources, e.g., solar energy, CO2, minerals, and waters, eventually coupled to wastewater treatment to save costs. In this review, we summarize new important discoveries on the plasticity of the photoautotrophic metabolism of cyanobacteria, emphasizing the coordinated partitioning of carbon and nitrogen towards growth or compound storage, and the importance of these processes for biotechnological perspectives. We also emphasize the importance of redox regulation (including glutathionylation) on these processes, a subject which has often been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Veaudor
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (E.D.-S.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Victoire Blanc-Garin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (E.D.-S.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Célia Chenebault
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (E.D.-S.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Encarnación Diaz-Santos
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (E.D.-S.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Jean-François Sassi
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Cadarache St Paul Lez, 13108 Durance, France;
| | - Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (E.D.-S.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (E.D.-S.); (C.C.-C.)
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19
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Zheng T, Zhou M, Yang L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Meng Y, Liu J, Zuo Z. Effects of high light and temperature on Microcystis aeruginosa cell growth and β-cyclocitral emission. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110313. [PMID: 32066007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria always massively grow and even occur blooms in summer, with releasing amount of β-cyclocitral. To uncover the effects of summer high irradiance and temperature on cyanobacterial growth and β-cyclocitral emission, the cell growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence and β-cyclocitral emission were investigated in Microcystis aeruginosa under high light and temperature. Compared to the control under 50 μmol m-2·s-1, the cell growth was promoted under 100 μmol m-2·s-1, but inhibited under 500 and 1000 μmol m-2·s-1. The inhibition was also detected under high temperature at 30 and 35 °C in contrast to the control at 25 °C. Under high light and high temperature, M. aeruginosa increased ROS levels and reduced photosynthetic pigment content and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, which resulted in the inhibition on cell growth. With increasing the light intensity and temperature, 1O2 levels gradually increased, while β-carotene content gradually decreased by quenching 1O2, with increasing β-cyclocitral emission. In summer, high irradiance and temperature not benefited the growth of cyanobacteria, but the emission of β-cyclocitral derived from β-carotene quenching 1O2 may offset the disadvantages by poisoning other algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yiyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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20
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Gao S, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wang G. Slow zeaxanthin accumulation and the enhancement of CP26 collectively contribute to an atypical non-photochemical quenching in macroalga Ulva prolifera under high light. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:393-403. [PMID: 31849051 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants, which dissipates excess energy and further protects the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress. NPQ can be dissected into a number of components: qE, qZ, and qI. In general, NPQ is catalyzed by two independent mechanisms, with the faster-activated quenching catalyzed by the monomeric light-harvesting complex (LHCII) proteins and the slowly activated quenching catalyzed by LHCII trimers, both processes depending on zeaxanthin but to different extent. Here, we studied the NPQ of the intertidal green macroalga, Ulva prolifera, and found that the NPQ of U. prolifera lack the faster-activated quenching, and showed much greater sensitivity to dithiothreitol (DTT) than to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Further results suggested that the monomeric LHC proteins in U. prolifera included only CP29 and CP26, but lacked CP24, unlike Arabidopsis thaliana and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, the expression levels of CP26 increased significantly following exposure to high light, but the concentrations of the two important photoprotective proteins (PsbS and light-harvesting complex stress-related [LhcSR]) did not change upon the same conditions. Analysis of the xanthophyll cycle pigments showed that, upon exposure to high light, zeaxanthin synthesis in U. prolifera was gradual and much slower than that in P. patens, and could effectively be inhibited by DTT. Based on these results, we speculate the enhancement of CP26 and slow zeaxanthin accumulation provide an atypical NPQ, making this green macroalga well adapted to the intertidal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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21
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Lacour T, Babin M, Lavaud J. Diversity in Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments Content and Related Nonphotochemical Quenching (NPQ) Among Microalgae: Implications for Growth Strategy and Ecology. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:245-263. [PMID: 31674660 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycle-related nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which is present in most photoautotrophs, allows dissipation of excess light energy. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ depends principally on xanthophyll cycle pigments composition and their effective involvement in NPQ. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in a species-/strain-specific manner. These features are especially relevant in microalgae living in a complex and highly variable environment. The goal of this study was to perform a comparative assessment of NPQ ecophysiologies across microalgal taxa in order to underline the specific involvement of NPQ in growth adaptations and strategies. We used both published results and data acquired in our laboratory to understand the relationships between growth conditions (irradiance, temperature, and nutrient availability), xanthophyll cycle composition, and xanthophyll cycle pigments quenching efficiency in microalgae from various taxa. We found that in diadinoxanthin-containing species, the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool is controlled by energy pressure in all species. At any given energy pressure, however, the diatoxanthin content is higher in diatoms than in other diadinoxanthin-containing species. XC pigments quenching efficiency is species-specific and decreases with acclimation to higher irradiances. We found a clear link between the natural light environment of species/ecotypes and quenching efficiency amplitude. The presence of diatoxanthin or zeaxanthin at steady state in all species examined at moderate and high irradiances suggests that cells maintain a light-harvesting capacity in excess to cope with potential decrease in light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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22
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Photosynthetic Response Mechanism of Soil Salinity-Induced Cross-Tolerance to Subsequent Drought Stress in Tomato Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030363. [PMID: 32187994 PMCID: PMC7154942 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization and water shortage cause ion imbalance and hyperosmoticity in plant cells, adversely impairing photosynthesis efficiency. How soil salinity-induced photosynthetic acclimation influences the cross-tolerance to drought conditions represents a promising research topic. This study was to reveal the photosynthetic mechanism of soil salinity-induced resistance to the subsequent drought stress in tomato leaves through comprehensive photosynthesis-related spectroscopy analysis. We conducted soil salinity pretreatment and subsequent drought stress experiments, including irrigation with 100 mL water, 100 mL 100 mM NaCl solution (NaCl100), 50 mL water, and 50 mL 100 mM NaCl solution (NaCl50) for five days, followed by five-day drought stress. The results showed that soil salinity treatment by NaCl decreased the rate of photosynthetic gas exchange but enhanced CO2 assimilation, along with photosystem II [PS(II)] and photosystem I [PS(I)] activity and photochemical efficiency in tomato plants compared with water pretreatment after subsequent drought stress. NaCl100 and NaCl50 had the capacity to maintain non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence and the cyclic electron (CEF) flow around PSI in tomato leaves after being subjected to subsequent drought stress, thus avoiding the decrease of photosynthetic efficiency under drought conditions. NaCl100 and NaCl50 pretreatment induced a higher proton motive force (pmf) and also alleviated the damage to the thylakoid membrane and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase of tomato leaves caused by subsequent drought stress. Overall, soil salinity treatment could enhance drought resistance in tomato plants by inducing NPQ, maintaining CEF and pmf that tradeoff between photoprotection and photochemistry reactions. This study also provides a photosynthetic perspective for salt and drought cross-tolerance.
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23
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Slonimskiy YB, Maksimov EG, Lukashev EP, Moldenhauer M, Friedrich T, Sluchanko NN. Engineering the photoactive orange carotenoid protein with redox-controllable structural dynamics and photoprotective function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148174. [PMID: 32059843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis requires various photoprotective mechanisms for survival of organisms in high light. In cyanobacteria exposed to high light, the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is reversibly photoswitched from the orange (OCPO) to the red (OCPR) form, the latter binds to the antenna (phycobilisomes, PBs) and quenches its overexcitation. OCPR accumulation implicates restructuring of a compact dark-adapted OCPO state including detachment of the N-terminal extension (NTE) and separation of protein domains, which is reversed by interaction with the Fluorescence Recovery Protein (FRP). OCP phototransformation supposedly occurs via an intermediate characterized by an OCPR-like absorption spectrum and an OCPO-like protein structure, but the hierarchy of steps remains debatable. Here, we devise and analyze an OCP variant with the NTE trapped on the C-terminal domain (CTD) via an engineered disulfide bridge (OCPCC). NTE trapping preserves OCP photocycling within the compact protein structure but precludes functional interaction with PBs and especially FRP, which is completely restored upon reduction of the disulfide bridge. Non-interacting with the dark-adapted oxidized OCPCC, FRP binds reduced OCPCC nearly as efficiently as OCPO devoid of the NTE, suggesting that the low-affinity FRP binding to OCPO is realized via NTE displacement. The low efficiency of excitation energy transfer in complexes between PBs and oxidized OCPCC indicates that OCPCC binds to PBs in an orientation suboptimal for quenching PBs fluorescence. Our approach supports the presence of the OCPR-like intermediate in the OCP photocycle and shows effective uncoupling of spectral changes from functional OCP photoactivation, enabling redox control of its structural dynamics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury B Slonimskiy
- Protein-Protein Interactions Unit, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- Protein-Protein Interactions Unit, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny P Lukashev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marcus Moldenhauer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- Protein-Protein Interactions Unit, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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24
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Sehin TB, Hnatush SO, Maslovska OD, Halushka AA, Zaritska YH. Biochemical indicators of green photosynthetic bacteria Chlorobium limicola response to Cu(2+) action. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Green BR. What Happened to the Phycobilisome? Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110748. [PMID: 31752285 PMCID: PMC6921069 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting complex of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophyte algae. In spite of the fact that it is very well structured to absorb light and transfer it efficiently to photosynthetic reaction centers, it has been completely lost in the green algae and plants. It is difficult to see how selection alone could account for such a major loss. An alternative scenario takes into account the role of chance, enabled by (contingent on) the evolution of an alternative antenna system early in the diversification of the three lineages from the first photosynthetic eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley R Green
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6N 3T7, Canada
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26
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Schoffman H, Keren N. Function of the IsiA pigment-protein complex in vivo. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:343-353. [PMID: 30929163 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The acclimation of cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus to iron deficiency is crucial for their performance under limiting conditions. In many cyanobacterial species, one of the major responses to iron deficiency is the induction of isiA. The function of the IsiA pigment-protein complex has been the subject of intensive research. In this study of the model Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strain, we probe the accumulation of the pigment-protein complex and its effects on in vivo photosynthetic performance. We provide evidence that in this organism the dominant factor controlling IsiA accumulation is the intracellular iron concentration and not photo-oxidative stress or redox poise. These findings support the use of IsiA as a tool for assessing iron bioavailability in environmental studies. We also present evidence demonstrating that the IsiA pigment-protein complex exerts only small effects on the performance of the reaction centers. We propose that its major function is as a storage depot able to hold up to 50% of the cellular chlorophyll content during transition into iron limitation. During recovery from iron limitation, chlorophyll is released from the complex and used for the reconstruction of photosystems. Therefore, the IsiA pigment-protein complex can play a critical role not only when cells transition into iron limitation, but also in supporting efficient recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus in the transition back out of the iron-limited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Schoffman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel.
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27
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Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Šedivá B, Kuthanová Trsková E. Photoprotective strategies in the motile cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina-role of non-photochemical quenching, ions, photoinhibition, and cell motility. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:691-703. [PMID: 31352667 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored photoprotective strategies in a cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina. This cryptophytic alga represents phototrophs where chlorophyll a/c antennas in thylakoids are combined with additional light-harvesting system formed by phycobiliproteins in the chloroplast lumen. The fastest response to excessive irradiation is induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The maximal NPQ appears already after 20 s of excessive irradiation. This initial phase of NPQ is sensitive to Ca2+ channel inhibitor (diltiazem) and disappears, also, in the presence of non-actin, an ionophore for monovalent cations. The prolonged exposure to high light of R. salina cells causes photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) that can be further enhanced when Ca2+ fluxes are inhibited by diltiazem. The light-induced reduction in PSII photochemical activity is smaller when compared with immotile diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We explain this as a result of their different photoprotective strategies. Besides the protective role of NPQ, the motile R. salina also minimizes high light exposure by increased cell velocity by almost 25% percent (25% from 82 to 104 μm/s). We suggest that motility of algal cells might have a photoprotective role at high light because algal cell rotation around longitudinal axes changes continual irradiation to periodically fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Šedivá
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre ALGATECH, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Student of Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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28
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Bennett DIG, Amarnath K, Park S, Steen CJ, Morris JM, Fleming GR. Models and mechanisms of the rapidly reversible regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting. Open Biol 2019; 9:190043. [PMID: 30966997 PMCID: PMC6501642 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid response of photosynthetic organisms to fluctuations in ambient light intensity is incompletely understood at both the molecular and membrane levels. In this review, we describe research from our group over a 10-year period aimed at identifying the photophysical mechanisms used by plants, algae and mosses to control the efficiency of light harvesting by photosystem II on the seconds-to-minutes time scale. To complement the spectroscopic data, we describe three models capable of describing the measured response at a quantitative level. The review attempts to provide an integrated view that has emerged from our work, and briefly looks forward to future experimental and modelling efforts that will refine and expand our understanding of a process that significantly influences crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doran I. G. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kapil Amarnath
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Collin J. Steen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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29
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Calzadilla PI, Muzzopappa F, Sétif P, Kirilovsky D. Different roles for ApcD and ApcF in Synechococcus elongatus and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 phycobilisomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:488-498. [PMID: 31029593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The phycobilisome, the cyanobacterial light harvesting complex, is a huge phycobiliprotein containing extramembrane complex, formed by a core from which rods radiate. The phycobilisome has evolved to efficiently absorb sun energy and transfer it to the photosystems via the last energy acceptors of the phycobilisome, ApcD and ApcE. ApcF also affects energy transfer by interacting with ApcE. In this work we studied the role of ApcD and ApcF in energy transfer and state transitions in Synechococcus elongatus and Synechocystis PCC6803. Our results demonstrate that these proteins have different roles in both processes in the two strains. The lack of ApcD and ApcF inhibits state transitions in Synechocystis but not in S. elongatus. In addition, lack of ApcF decreases energy transfer to both photosystems only in Synechocystis, while the lack of ApcD alters energy transfer to photosystem I only in S. elongatus. Thus, conclusions based on results obtained in one cyanobacterial strain cannot be systematically transferred to other strains and the putative role(s) of phycobilisomes in state transitions need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo I Calzadilla
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Fernando Muzzopappa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Sétif
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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30
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Bojko M, Olchawa-Pajor M, Goss R, Schaller-Laudel S, Strzałka K, Latowski D. Diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation as important factor in the short-term stabilization of diatom photosynthetic membranes exposed to different temperatures. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1270-1286. [PMID: 30362127 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The importance of diadinoxanthin (Ddx) de-epoxidation in the short-term modulation of the temperature effect on photosynthetic membranes of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The 5-SASL spin probe employed for the EPR measurements and Laurdan provided information about the membrane area close to the polar head groups of the membrane lipids, whereas with the 16-SASL spin probe, the hydrophobic core, where the fatty acid residues are located, was probed. The obtained results indicate that Ddx de-epoxidation induces a two component mechanism in the short-term regulation of the membrane fluidity of diatom thylakoids during changing temperatures. One component has been termed the "dynamic effect" and the second the "stable effect" of Ddx de-epoxidation. The "dynamic effect" includes changes of the membrane during the time course of de-epoxidation whereas the "stable effect" is based on the rigidifying properties of Dtx. The combination of both effects results in a temporary increase of the rigidity of both peripheral and internal parts of the membrane whereas the persistent increase of the rigidity of the hydrophobic core of the membrane is solely based on the "stable effect."
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bojko
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Olchawa-Pajor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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31
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OCP-FRP protein complex topologies suggest a mechanism for controlling high light tolerance in cyanobacteria. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3869. [PMID: 30250028 PMCID: PMC6155142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, high light photoactivates the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) that binds to antennae complexes, dissipating energy and preventing the destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus. At low light, OCP is efficiently deactivated by a poorly understood action of the dimeric fluorescence recovery protein (FRP). Here, we engineer FRP variants with defined oligomeric states and scrutinize their functional interaction with OCP. Complemented by disulfide trapping and chemical crosslinking, structural analysis in solution reveals the topology of metastable complexes of OCP and the FRP scaffold with different stoichiometries. Unable to tightly bind monomeric FRP, photoactivated OCP recruits dimeric FRP, which subsequently monomerizes giving 1:1 complexes. This could be facilitated by a transient OCP–2FRP–OCP complex formed via the two FRP head domains, significantly improving FRP efficiency at elevated OCP levels. By identifying key molecular interfaces, our findings may inspire the design of optically triggered systems transducing light signals into protein–protein interactions. Cyanobacterial photoprotection is controlled by OCP and FRP proteins, but their dynamic interplay is not fully understood. Here, the authors combine protein engineering, disulfide trapping and structural analyses to provide mechanistic insights into the transient OCP-FRP interaction.
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32
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Núñez-Pons L, Avila C, Romano G, Verde C, Giordano D. UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E336. [PMID: 30223486 PMCID: PMC6165330 DOI: 10.3390/md16090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota-particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones-depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs intracellular structures and enzymatic reactions. It can also affect organismal physiologies and eventually alter trophic chains at the ecosystem level. In Antarctica, physical drivers, such as sunlight, sea-ice, seasonality and low temperature are particularly influencing as compared to other regions. The springtime ozone depletion over the Southern Ocean makes organisms be more vulnerable to UV-R. Nonetheless, Antarctic species seem to possess analogous UV photoprotection and repair mechanisms as those found in organisms from other latitudes. The lack of data on species-specific responses towards increased UV-B still limits the understanding about the ecological impact and the tolerance levels related to ozone depletion in this region. The photobiology of Antarctic biota is largely unknown, in spite of representing a highly promising reservoir in the discovery of novel cosmeceutical products. This review compiles the most relevant information on photoprotection and UV-repair processes described in organisms from the Southern Ocean, in the context of this unique marine polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology (Biotech), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italia.
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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33
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Woodford OJ, Ziessel R, Harriman A. Photofading of an Extended BOPHY Chromophore Dispersed in Poly(methyl methacrylate) as a Chemical Actinometer. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen J. Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory NESS (Chemistry)Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory NESS (Chemistry)Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory NESS (Chemistry)Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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34
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cis-carotene biosynthesis, evolution and regulation in plants: The emergence of novel signaling metabolites. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 654:172-184. [PMID: 30030998 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments synthesised by plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria as well as some non-photosynthetic bacteria, fungi and insects. Abundant carotenoids found in nature are synthesised via a linear route from phytoene to lycopene after which the pathway bifurcates into cyclised α- and β-carotenes. Plants evolved additional steps to generate a diversity of cis-carotene intermediates, which can accumulate in fruits or tissues exposed to an extended period of darkness. Enzymatic or oxidative cleavage, light-mediated photoisomerization and histone modifications can affect cis-carotene accumulation. cis-carotene accumulation has been linked to the production of signaling metabolites that feedback and forward to regulate nuclear gene expression. When cis-carotenes accumulate, plastid biogenesis and operational control can become impaired. Carotenoid derived metabolites and phytohormones such as abscisic acid and strigolactones can fine-tune cellular homeostasis. There is a hunt to identify a novel cis-carotene derived apocarotenoid signal and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which it facilitates communication between the plastid and nucleus. In this review, we describe the biosynthesis and evolution of cis-carotenes and their links to regulatory switches, as well as highlight how cis-carotene derived apocarotenoid signals might control organelle communication, physiological and developmental processes in response to environmental change.
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35
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Jez JM. Introduction to the Thematic Minireview Series: Green biological chemistry. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5016-5017. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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