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Liu CL, Mou HL, Na RS, Wang X, Hu PF, Ceccobelli S, Huang YF, E GX. Multiomic meta-analysis suggests a correlation between steroid hormone-related genes and litter size in goats. Anim Genet 2024. [PMID: 39019844 DOI: 10.1111/age.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Litter size is a key indicator of production performance in livestock. However, its genetic basis in goats remains poorly understood. In this work, a genome-wide selection sweep analysis (GWSA) on 100 published goat genomes with different litter rates was performed for the first time to identify candidate genes related to kidding rate. This analysis was combined with the public RNA-sequencing data of ovary tissues (follicular phase) from high- and low-yielding goats. A total of 2278 genes were identified by GWSA. Most of these genes were enriched in signaling pathways related to ovarian follicle development and hormone secretion. Moreover, 208 differentially expressed genes between groups were obtained from the ovaries of goats with different litter sizes. These genes were substantially enriched in the cholesterol and steroid synthesis signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the weighted gene co-expression network was used to perform modular analysis of differentially expressed genes. The results showed that seven modules were reconstructed, of which one module showed a very strong correlation with litter size (r = -0.51 and p-value <0.001). There were 51 genes in this module, and 39 hub genes were screened by Pearson's correlation coefficient between core genes > 0.4, correlation coefficient between module members > 0.80 and intra-module connectivity ≥5. Finally, based on the results of GWSA and hub gene Venn analysis, seven key genes (ACSS2, HECW2, KDR, LHCGR, NAMPT, PTGFR and TFPI) were found to be associated with steroid synthesis and follicle growth development. This work contributes to understanding of the genetic basis of goat litter size and provides theoretical support for goat molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Li Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Long Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ri-Su Na
- Animal Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hu
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Simone Ceccobelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yong-Fu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Xin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Shim J, Kim A, Iwata J. Craniofacial bone anomalies related to cholesterol synthesis defects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5371. [PMID: 38438535 PMCID: PMC10912708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
DHCR7 and SC5D are enzymes crucial for cholesterol biosynthesis, and mutations in their genes are associated with developmental disorders, which are characterized by craniofacial deformities. We have recently reported that a loss of either Dhcr7 or Sc5d results in a failure in osteoblast differentiation. However, it remains unclear to what extent a loss of function in either DHCR7 or SC5D affects craniofacial skeletal formation. Here, using micro computed tomography (μCT), we found that the bone phenotype differs in Dhcr7-/- and Sc5d-/- mice in a location-specific fashion. For instance, in Sc5d-/- mice, although craniofacial bones were overall affected, some bone segments, such as the anterior part of the premaxilla, the anterior-posterior length of the frontal bone, and the main body of the mandible, did not present significant differences compared to WT controls. By contrast, in Dhcr7-/- mice, while craniofacial bones were not much affected, the frontal bone was larger in width and volume, and the maxilla and palatine bone were hypoplastic, compared to WT controls. Interestingly the mandible in Dhcr7-/- mice was mainly affected at the condylar region, not the body. Thus, these results help us understand which bones and how greatly they are affected by cholesterol metabolism aberrations in Dhcr7-/- and Sc5d-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Junbo Shim
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Aemin Kim
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Heinken A, El Kouche S, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Guéant JL. Towards personalized genome-scale modeling of inborn errors of metabolism for systems medicine applications. Metabolism 2024; 150:155738. [PMID: 37981189 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of more than 1000 inherited diseases that are individually rare but have a cumulative global prevalence of 50 per 100,000 births. Recently, it has been recognized that like common diseases, patients with rare diseases can greatly vary in the manifestation and severity of symptoms. Here, we review omics-driven approaches that enable an integrated, holistic view of metabolic phenotypes in IEM patients. We focus on applications of Constraint-based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA), a widely used mechanistic systems biology approach, to model the effects of inherited diseases. Moreover, we review evidence that the gut microbiome is also altered in rare diseases. Finally, we outline an approach using personalized metabolic models of IEM patients for the prediction of biomarkers and tailored therapeutic or dietary interventions. Such applications could pave the way towards personalized medicine not just for common, but also for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Heinken
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France.
| | - Sandra El Kouche
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France; National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France; National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Nancy F-54000, France
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Korade Z, Anderson A, Balog M, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Mirnics K. Chronic Aripiprazole and Trazodone Polypharmacy Effects on Systemic and Brain Cholesterol Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1321. [PMID: 37759721 PMCID: PMC10526910 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The concurrent use of several medications is a common practice in the treatment of complex psychiatric conditions. One such commonly used combination is aripiprazole (ARI), an antipsychotic, and trazodone (TRZ), an antidepressant. In addition to their effects on dopamine and serotonin systems, both of these compounds are inhibitors of the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) enzyme. To evaluate the systemic and nervous system distribution of ARI and TRZ and their effects on cholesterol biosynthesis, adult mice were treated with both ARI and TRZ for 21 days. The parent drugs, their metabolites, and sterols were analyzed in the brain and various organs of mice using LC-MS/MS. The analyses revealed that ARI, TRZ, and their metabolites were readily detectable in the brain and organs, leading to changes in the sterol profile. The levels of medications, their metabolites, and sterols differed across tissues with notable sex differences. Female mice showed higher turnover of ARI and more cholesterol clearance in the brain, with several post-lanosterol intermediates significantly altered. In addition to interfering with sterol biosynthesis, ARI and TRZ exposure led to decreased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and increased DHCR7 protein expression in the cortex. Changes in sterol profile have been also identified in the spleen, liver, and serum, underscoring the systemic effect of ARI and TRZ on sterol biosynthesis. Long-term use of concurrent ARI and TRZ warrants further studies to fully evaluate the lasting consequences of altered sterol biosynthesis on the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Allison Anderson
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
| | - Marta Balog
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Keri A. Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; (K.A.T.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; (K.A.T.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
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Song Z, Xiong H, Meng X, Ma Q, Wei Y, Li Y, Liu J, Liang M, Xu H. Dietary Cholesterol Supplementation Inhibits the Steroid Biosynthesis but Does Not Affect the Cholesterol Transport in Two Marine Teleosts: A Hepatic Transcriptome Study. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2308669. [PMID: 37312679 PMCID: PMC10260315 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2308669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol has been used as additive in fish feeds due to the reduced use of fish meal and fish oil. In order to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation (D-CHO-S) on fish physiology, a liver transcriptome analysis was performed following a feeding experiment on turbot and tiger puffer with different levels of dietary cholesterol. The control diet contained 30% fish meal (0% fish oil) without cholesterol supplementation, while the treatment diet was supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol (CHO-1.0). A total of 722 and 581 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the dietary groups were observed in turbot and tiger puffer, respectively. These DEG were primarily enriched in signaling pathways related to steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism. In general, D-CHO-S downregulated the steroid synthesis in both turbot and tiger puffer. Msmo1, lss, dhcr24, and nsdhl might play key roles in the steroid synthesis in these two fish species. Gene expressions related to cholesterol transport (npc1l1, abca1, abcg1, abcg2, abcg5, abcg8, abcb11a, and abcb11b) in the liver and intestine were also extensively investigated by qRT-PCR. However, the results suggest that D-CHO-S rarely affected the cholesterol transport in both species. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed on steroid biosynthesis-related DEG showed that in turbot, Msmo1, Lss, Nsdhl, Ebp, Hsd17b7, Fdft1, and Dhcr7 had high intermediary centrality in the dietary regulation of steroid synthesis. In conclusion, in both turbot and tiger puffer, the supplementation of dietary cholesterol inhibits the steroid metabolism but does not affect the cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Song
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanlu Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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6
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Sun T, Liu X, Su Y, Wang Z, Cheng B, Dong N, Wang J, Shan A. The efficacy of anti-proteolytic peptide R7I in intestinal inflammation, function, microbiota, and metabolites by multi-omics analysis in murine bacterial enteritis. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10446. [PMID: 36925697 PMCID: PMC10013768 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased antibiotic resistance poses a major limitation in tackling inflammatory bowel disease and presents a large challenge for global health care. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential class of antimicrobial agents. Here, we have designed the potential oral route for antimicrobial peptide R7I with anti-proteolytic properties to deal with bacterial enteritis in mice. The results revealed that R7I protected the liver and gut from damage caused by inflammation. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that R7I promoted digestion and absorption in the small intestine by upregulating transmembrane transporter activity, lipid and small molecule metabolic processes and other pathways, in addition to upregulating hepatic steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. For the gut microbiota, Clostridia were significantly reduced in the R7I-treated group, and Odoribacteraceae, an efficient isoalloLCA-synthesizing strain, was the main dominant strain, protecting the gut from potential pathogens. In addition, we further discovered that R7I reduced the accumulation of negative organic acid metabolites. Overall, R7I exerted better therapeutic and immunomodulatory potential in the bacterial enteritis model, greatly reduced the risk of disease onset, and provided a reference for the in vivo application of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yunzhe Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zihang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Baojing Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Na Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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7
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Wang J, Shi R, Yang Q, Chen Z, Wang J, Gong Z, Chen S, Wang N. Characterization and potential function of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) in Cynoglossus semilaevis sexual size dimorphism. Gene X 2023; 853:147089. [PMID: 36470484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical sexual size dimorphism (SSD) phenomenon of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) seriously restricts the sustainable development of the fishing industry. Previous transcriptome analysis has found a close relationship between the steroid biosynthesis and C. semilaevis SSD. The 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) are two genes in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, playing important roles in lipid synthesis, cellular metabolism, and growth. The present study assessed their roles in the mechanism of C. semilaevis SSD. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that C. semilaevis dhcr7 was mainly expressed in female livers, and C. semilaevis sc5d was highly expressed in female livers and gonads. Dual-luciferase experiment showed that dhcr7 and sc5d promoters had strong transcriptional activity. The transcription factors E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) significantly regulated the transcriptional activity of dhcr7 and sc5d promoters, respectively. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown results showed that expression levels of several genes [SREBF chaperone (scap), membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (mbtps1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), sonic hedgehog (shh), bone morphogenetic protein 2b (bmp2b) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (akt1)] were suppressed. Protein subcellular localization results indicated that Dhcr7 and Sc5d were both specifically distributed in the cytoplasm, with co-localization been observed. The present study provides evidence that dhcr7 and sc5d might regulate C. semilaevis sexual size dimorphism by involving in energy homeostasis and cell cycle, or by affecting PI3K-Akt and Shh signaling pathways. The detailed roles of these steroid biosynthesis genes regulating C. semilaevis SSD needed more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangfan Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
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8
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Söbü E, Kaya Özçora GD, Görükmez Ö, Şahinoğlu B. Lathosterolosis: a rare cholesterol metabolism disorder with a wide range of clinical variability. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:424-429. [PMID: 36607840 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lathosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disease that occurs due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the sterol C5-desaturase (SC5D) gene. We report a male patient with biallelic missense variant detected in the SC5D gene. CASE PRESENTATION An eight-month-old male patient was referred to the department of paediatric neurology for status epilepticus. He had no remarkable dysmorphic features except micrognathia, ptotic ear and thin-stranded hair. Laboratory tests revealed an alanine aminotransferase level of 502 IU/L and an aspartate aminotransferase level of 279 IU/L; other biochemical test results were normal. The brain MRI revealed atrophic changes in both hemispheres. A decrease in the volume of brain stem and thin corpus callosum were noticeable. Whole exome sequencing was performed because of consanguineous marriage and sibling death in his medical history, and the encountered features were consistent with suspected neurometabolic disease in the cranial imaging and the presence of borderline psychomotor retardation. A biallelic missense variant, c.656T>C p.(Leu219Ser), was identified in the SC5D gene. CONCLUSIONS Lathosterolosis is a rare cholesterol metabolism disorder and can be presented with a wide range of clinical features by newly reported cases. Lathosterolosis should be considered in cases with cataracts, delayed neuromotor developmental milestones and high levels of liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Söbü
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital Kartal, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gül Demet Kaya Özçora
- Faculty of Medical Sciences Pediatric Neurology Department, Gaziantep Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Görükmez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Bahtiyar Şahinoğlu
- Medical Genetics Department, Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Türkiye
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9
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Pu X, Lin X, Qi Y, Li Y, Li T, Liu Y, Wei D. Effects of Fdft 1 gene silencing and VD3 intervention on lung injury in hypoxia-stressed rats. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1201-1213. [PMID: 35947298 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can induce lung injury such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary edema. And in the rat model of hypoxia-induced lung injury, the expression of Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1 (Fdft 1) was highly expressed and the steroid biosynthesis pathway was activated. However, the role of Fdft 1 and steroid biosynthesis pathway in hypoxia-induced lung injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to further investigate the relationship between Fdft1 and steroid biosynthesis pathway with hypoxia-induced lung injury. METHODS A rat model of lung injury was constructed by hypobaric chamber with hypoxic stress, the adenovirus interference vector was used to silence the expression of Fdft 1, and the exogenous steroid biosynthesis metabolite Vitamin D3 (VD3) was used to treat acute hypoxia-induced lung injury in rats. RESULTS Sh-Fdft 1 and exogenous VD3 significantly inhibited the expression of Fdft 1 and the activation of the steroid pathway in hypoxia-induced lung injury rats, which showed a synergistic effect on the steroid activation pathway. In addition, sh-Fdft 1 promoted the increase of pulmonary artery pressure and lung water content, the decrease of oxygen partial pressure and oxygen saturation, and leaded to the increase of lung cell apoptosis and the aggravation of mitochondrial damage in hypoxia-stressed rats. And VD3 could significantly improve the lung injury induced by hypoxia and sh-Fdft 1 in rats. CONCLUSIONS Fdft 1 gene silencing can promote hypoxic-induced lung injury, and exogenous supplement of VD3 has an antagonistic effect on lung injury induced by Fdft 1 gene silencing and hypoxic in rats, suggesting that VD3 has a preventive and protective effect on the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pu
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglian Qi
- Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglian Li
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengbang Wei
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wang W, Zhang F, Zhang S, Xue Z, Xie L, Govers F, Liu X. Phytophthora capsici sterol reductase PcDHCR7 has a role in mycelium development and pathogenicity. Open Biol 2022; 12:210282. [PMID: 35382565 PMCID: PMC8984297 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The de novo biosynthesis of sterols is critical for the majority of eukaryotes; however, some organisms lack this pathway, including most oomycetes. Phytophthora spp. are sterol auxotrophic but, remarkably, have retained a few genes encoding enzymes in the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Here, we show that PcDHCR7, a gene in Phytophthora capsici predicted to encode Δ7-sterol reductase, displays multiple functions. When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PcDHCR7 showed the Δ7-sterol reductase activity. Knocking out PcDHCR7 in P. capsici resulted in loss of the capacity to transform ergosterol into brassicasterol, which means PcDHCR7 has the Δ7-sterol reductase activity in P. capsici itself. This enables P. capsici to transform sterols recruited from the environment for better use. The biological characteristics of ΔPcDHCR7 transformants were compared with those of the wild-type strain and a PcDHCR7 complemented transformant, and the results showed that PcDHCR7 plays a key role in mycelium development and pathogenicity of zoospores. Further analysis of the transcriptome indicated that the expression of many genes changed in the ΔPcDHCR7 transformant, which involve in different biological processes. It is possible that P. capsici compensates for the defects caused by the loss of PcDHCR7 by remodelling its transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Xue
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfang Xie
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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11
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Fan GH, Wei RL, Wei XY, Zhang CZ, Qi ZT, Xie HY, Zheng SS, Xu X. Key factors and potential drug combinations of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation-based study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 20:433-451. [PMID: 34233850 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its advanced stage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other end-stage liver disease. However, the potential mechanism and therapeutic strategies have not been clarified. This study aimed to identify potential roles of miRNA/mRNA axis in the pathogenesis and drug combinations in the treatment of NASH. METHODS Microarray GSE59045 and GSE48452 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and analyzed using R. Then we obtained differentially expressed genes (DE-genes). DAVID database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used for the identification of hub genes. We found upstream regulators of hub genes using miRTarBase. The expression and correlation of key miRNA and its targets were detected by qPCR. Drug Pair Seeker was employed to predict drug combinations against NASH. The expression of miRNA and hub genes in HCC was identified in the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Human Protein Atlas database. RESULTS Ninety-four DE-genes were accessed. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these predicted genes were linked to lipid metabolism. Eleven genes were identified as hub genes in PPI networks, and they were highly expressed in cells with vigorous lipid metabolism. hsa-miR-335-5p was the upstream regulator of 9 genes in the 11 hub genes, and it was identified as a key miRNA. The hub genes were highly expressed in NASH models, while hsa-miR-335-5p was lowly expressed. The correlation of miRNA-mRNA was established by qPCR. Functional verification indicated that hsa-miR-335-5p had inhibitory effect on the development of NASH. Finally, drug combinations were predicted and the expression of miRNA and hub genes in HCC was identified. CONCLUSIONS In the study, potential miRNA-mRNA pathways related to NASH were identified. Targeting these pathways may be novel strategies against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Han Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Rong-Li Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xu-Yong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chen-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhe-Tuo Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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12
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Jia C, Bai Y, Liu J, Cai W, Liu L, He Y, Song J. Metabolic Regulations by lncRNA, miRNA, and ceRNA Under Grass-Fed and Grain-Fed Regimens in Angus Beef Cattle. Front Genet 2021; 12:579393. [PMID: 33747033 PMCID: PMC7969984 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.579393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef cattle raised under grass-fed and grain-fed have many differences, including metabolic efficiency and meat quality. To investigate these two regimens' intrinsic influence on beef cattle, we used high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics analyses to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolimic networks in the liver. A total of 200 DEGs, 76 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and two differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were detected between regimen groups. Metabolic processes and pathways enriched functional genes including target genes of miRNAs and lncRNAs. We found that many genes were involved in energy, retinol and cholesterol metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. Combined with metabolites such as low glucose concentration, high cholesterol concentration, and increased primary bile acid concentration, these genes were mainly responsible for lowering intramuscular fat, low cholesterol, and yellow meat in grass-fed cattle. Additionally, we identified two lncRNAs and eight DEGs as potential competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to bind miRNAs by the interaction network analysis. These results revealed that the effects of two feeding regimens on beef cattle were mainly induced by gene expression changes in metabolic pathways mediated via lncRNAs, miRNAs, and ceRNAs, and contents of metabolites in the liver. It may provide a clue on feeding regimens inducing the metabolic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunling Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal & Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Animal & Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jianan Liu
- Department of Animal & Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Wentao Cai
- Department of Animal & Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal & Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.,Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanghua He
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI, United States
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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13
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Yuan H, Lu J. Consensus module analysis of abdominal fat deposition across multiple broiler lines. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:115. [PMID: 33568065 PMCID: PMC7876793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several RNA-Seq and microarray studies on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-abdominal fat deposition in different broiler lines, to our knowledge, gene coexpression analysis across multiple broiler lines has rarely been reported. Here, we constructed a consensus gene coexpression network focused on identifying consensus gene coexpression modules associated with abdominal fat deposition across multiple broiler lines using two public RNA-Seq datasets (GSE42980 and GSE49121). RESULTS In the consensus gene coexpression network, we identified eight consensus modules significantly correlated with abdominal fat deposition across four broiler lines using the consensus module analysis function in the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) package. The eight consensus modules were moderately to strongly preserved in the abdominal fat RNA-Seq dataset of another broiler line (SRP058295). Furthermore, we identified 5462 DEGs between high- and low-abdominal fat lines (FL and LL) (GSE42980) and 6904 DEGs between high- and low-growth (HG and LG) (GSE49121), including 1828 overlapping DEGs with similar expression profiles in both datasets, which were clustered into eight consensus modules. Pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the green, yellow, and medium purple 3 consensus modules. The PPAR signaling pathway and adipocytokine signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the green and purple consensus modules. Autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome were significantly enriched in the medium purple 3 and yellow consensus modules. CONCLUSION Based on lipid metabolism pathways enriched in eight consensus modules and the overexpression of numerous lipogenic genes in both FL vs. LL and HG vs. LG, we hypothesize that more fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), and cholesterol might be synthesized in broilers with high abdominal fat than in broilers with low abdominal fat. According to autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome enrichment in eight consensus modules, we inferred that autophagy might participate in broiler abdominal fat deposition. Altogether, these studies suggest eight consensus modules associated with abdominal fat deposition in broilers. Our study also provides an idea for investigating the molecular mechanism of abdominal fat deposition across multiple broiler lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
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14
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Jiang K, Ma Z, Wang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Tian Y, Li D, Liu X. Evolution, Expression Profile, Regulatory Mechanism, and Functional Verification of EBP-Like Gene in Cholesterol Biosynthetic Process in Chickens (Gallus Gallus). Front Genet 2021; 11:587546. [PMID: 33519893 PMCID: PMC7841431 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.587546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emopamil binding protein (EBP) is an important enzyme participating in the final steps of cholesterol biosynthesis in mammals. A predictive gene EBP-like, which encodes the protein with a high identity to human EBP, was found in chicken genome. No regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of EBP-like have been characterized in chickens. In the present study, the coding sequence of EBP-like was cloned, the phylogenetic trees of EBP/EBP-like were constructed and the genomic synteny of EBP-like was analyzed. The regulatory mechanism of EBP-like were explored with in vivo and in vitro experiments. The biological functions of EBP-like in liver cholesterol biosynthetic were examined by using gain- or loss-of-function strategies. The results showed that chicken EBP-like gene was originated from a common ancestral with Japanese quail EBP gene, and was relatively conservative with EBP gene among different species. The EBP-like gene was highly expressed in liver, its expression level was significantly increased in peak-laying stage, and was upregulated by estrogen. Inhibition of the EBP-like mRNA expression could restrain the expressions of EBP-like downstream genes (SC5D, DHCR24, and DHCR7) in the cholesterol synthetic pathway, therefore downregulate the liver intracellular T-CHO level. In conclusion, as substitute of EBP gene in chickens, EBP-like plays a vital role in the process of chicken liver cholesterol synthesis. This research provides a basis for revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of cholesterol synthesis in birds, contributes insights into the improvement of the growth and development, laying performance and egg quality in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238992. [PMID: 33256181 PMCID: PMC7729585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites and metabolites in these metabolic pathways are crucial for many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of these pathways causes cellular dysfunction, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as a skeleton of the body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required for the maintenance of healthy bony components through the deposition and resorption of bone matrix and minerals. This highly coordinated event is regulated throughout life by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and requires synchronized activities from different metabolic pathways. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the cellular metabolism involved in bone development and homeostasis, as revealed by mouse genetic studies.
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16
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Cabral WA, Fratzl-Zelman N, Weis M, Perosky JE, Alimasa A, Harris R, Kang H, Makareeva E, Barnes AM, Roschger P, Leikin S, Klaushofer K, Forlino A, Backlund PS, Eyre DR, Kozloff KM, Marini JC. Substitution of murine type I collagen A1 3-hydroxylation site alters matrix structure but does not recapitulate osteogenesis imperfecta bone dysplasia. Matrix Biol 2020; 90:20-39. [PMID: 32112888 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Null mutations in CRTAP or P3H1, encoding cartilage-associated protein and prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, cause the severe bone dysplasias, types VII and VIII osteogenesis imperfecta. Lack of either protein prevents formation of the ER prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex, which catalyzes 3Hyp modification of types I and II collagen and also acts as a collagen chaperone. To clarify the role of the A1 3Hyp substrate site in recessive bone dysplasia, we generated knock-in mice with an α1(I)P986A substitution that cannot be 3-hydroxylated. Mutant mice have normal survival, growth, femoral breaking strength and mean bone mineralization. However, the bone collagen HP/LP crosslink ratio is nearly doubled in mutant mice, while collagen fibril diameter and bone yield energy are decreased. Thus, 3-hydroxylation of the A1 site α1(I)P986 affects collagen crosslinking and structural organization, but its absence does not directly cause recessive bone dysplasia. Our study suggests that the functions of the modification complex as a collagen chaperone are thus distinct from its role as prolyl 3-hydroxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Cabral
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph E Perosky
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adrienne Alimasa
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Harris
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heeseog Kang
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena Makareeva
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aileen M Barnes
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Peter S Backlund
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Facility, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Furber KL, Backlund PS, Yergey AL, Coorssen JR. Unbiased Thiol-Labeling and Top-Down Proteomic Analyses Implicate Multiple Proteins in the Late Steps of Regulated Secretion. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7040034. [PMID: 31569819 PMCID: PMC6958363 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated exocytosis enables temporal and spatial control over the secretion of biologically active compounds; however, the mechanism by which Ca2+ modulates different stages of exocytosis is still poorly understood. For an unbiased, top-down proteomic approach, select thiol- reactive reagents were used to investigate this process in release-ready native secretory vesicles. We previously characterized a biphasic effect of these reagents on Ca2+-triggered exocytosis: low doses potentiated Ca2+ sensitivity, whereas high doses inhibited Ca2+ sensitivity and extent of vesicle fusion. Capitalizing on this novel potentiating effect, we have now identified fluorescent thiol- reactive reagents producing the same effects: Lucifer yellow iodoacetamide, monobromobimane, and dibromobimane. Top-down proteomic analyses of fluorescently labeled proteins from total and cholesterol-enriched vesicle membrane fractions using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry identified several candidate targets, some of which have been previously linked to the late steps of regulated exocytosis and some of which are novel. Initial validation studies indicate that Rab proteins are involved in the modulation of Ca2+ sensitivity, and thus the efficiency of membrane fusion, which may, in part, be linked to their previously identified upstream roles in vesicle docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Furber
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Peter S Backlund
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Alfred L Yergey
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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18
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Allen LB, Genaro-Mattos TC, Porter NA, Mirnics K, Korade Z. Desmosterolosis and desmosterol homeostasis in the developing mouse brain. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:934-943. [PMID: 30891795 PMCID: PMC6739189 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol serves as a building material for cellular membranes and plays an important role in cellular metabolism. The brain relies on its own cholesterol biosynthesis, which starts during embryonic development. Cholesterol is synthesized from two immediate precursors, desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Mutations in the DHCR24 enzyme, which converts desmosterol into cholesterol, lead to desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive developmental disorder. In this study, we assessed the brain content of desmosterol, 7-DHC, and cholesterol from development to adulthood, and analyzed the biochemical, molecular, and anatomical consequences of Dhcr24 mutations on the sterol profile in a mouse model of desmosterolosis and heterozygous Dhcr24+/- carriers. Our HPLC-MS/MS studies revealed that by P0 desmosterol almost entirely replaced cholesterol in the Dhcr24-KO brain. The greatly elevated desmosterol levels were also present in the Dhcr24-Het brains irrespective of maternal genotype, persisting into adulthood. Furthermore, Dhcr24-KO mice brains showed complex changes in expression of lipid and sterol transcripts, nuclear receptors, and synaptic plasticity transcripts. Cultured Dhcr24-KO neurons showed increased arborization, which was also present in the Dhcr24-KO mouse brains. Finally, we observed a shared pathophysiological mechanism between the mouse models of desmosterolosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (a genetic disorder of conversion of 7-DHC to cholesterol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B. Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Corresponding Author: Zeljka Korade, DVM, PhD, ; 982165 Nebraska Medicine Center, Omaha, 68198-2165
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19
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Gale PJ, Cologna SM. Alfred L. Yergey III (September 17, 1941-May 27, 2018). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:557-560. [PMID: 30644054 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Jane Gale
- ASMS Archivist/Historian, Southborough, MA, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Koczok K, Gurumurthy CB, Balogh I, Korade Z, Mirnics K. Subcellular localization of sterol biosynthesis enzymes. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:63-73. [PMID: 30535733 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a complex, coordinated process involving a series of enzymes. As of today, our understanding of subcellular localization of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is far from complete. Considering the complexity and intricacies of this pathway and the importance of functions of DHCR7, DHCR24 and EBP enzymes for human health, we undertook a study to determine their subcellular localization and co-localization. Using expression constructs and antibody staining in cell cultures and transgenic mice, we found that all three enzymes are expressed in ER and nuclear envelope. However, their co-localization was considerably different across the cellular compartments. Furthermore, we observed that in the absence of DHCR7 protein, DHCR24 shows a compensatory upregulation in a Dhcr7-/- transgenic mouse model. The overall findings suggest that the sterol biosynthesis enzymes might not always work in a same functional complex, but that they potentially have different, multifunctional roles that go beyond the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the newly uncovered compensatory mechanism between DHCR7 and DHCR24 could be of importance for designing medications that would improve cholesterol production in patients with desmosterolosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Koczok
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Károly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Kosteria I, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Anagnostopoulos AK, Chrousos GP, Tsangaris GT. Pediatric endocrine and metabolic diseases and proteomics. J Proteomics 2018; 188:46-58. [PMID: 29563068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The principles of Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine (PPPM) dictate the need to recognize individual susceptibility to disease in a timely fashion and to offer targeted preventive interventions and treatments. Proteomics is a state-of-the art technology- driven science aiming at expanding our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie disease, but also at identifying accurate predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, that will eventually promote the implementation of PPPM. In this review, we summarize the wide spectrum of the applications of Mass Spectrometry-based proteomics in the various fields of Pediatric Endocrinology, including Inborn Errors of Metabolism, type 1 diabetes, Adrenal Disease, Metabolic Syndrome and Thyroid disease, ranging from neonatal screening to early recognition of specific at-risk populations for disease manifestations or complications in adult life and to monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Proteomics is a state-of-the art technology- driven science aiming at expanding our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie disease, but also at identifying accurate predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers that will eventually lead to successful, targeted, patient-centric, individualized approach of each patient, as dictated by the principles of Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine. In this review, we summarize the wide spectrum of the applications of Mass Spectrometry-based proteomics in the various fields of Pediatric Endocrinology, including Inborn Errors of Metabolism, type 1 diabetes, Adrenal Disease, Metabolic Syndrome and Thyroid disease, ranging from neonatal screening, accurate diagnosis, early recognition of specific at-risk populations for the prevention of disease manifestation or future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kosteria
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Th Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Epstein JA, Blank PS, Searle BC, Catlin AD, Cologna SM, Olson MT, Backlund PS, Coorssen JR, Yergey AL. ProteinProcessor: A probabilistic analysis using mass accuracy and the MS spectrum. Proteomics 2017; 16:2480-90. [PMID: 27546229 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to protein identification rely heavily on database matching of fragmentation spectra or precursor peptide ions. We have developed a method for MALDI TOF-TOF instrumentation that uses peptide masses and their measurement errors to confirm protein identifications from a first pass MS/MS database search. The method uses MS1-level spectral data that have heretofore been ignored by most search engines. This approach uses the distribution of mass errors of peptide matches in the MS1 spectrum to develop a probability model that is independent of the MS/MS database search identifications. Peptide mass matches can come from both precursor ions that have been fragmented as well as those that are tentatively identified by accurate mass alone. This additional corroboration enables us to confirm protein identifications to MS/MS-based scores that are otherwise considered to be only of moderate quality. Straightforward and easily applicable to current proteomic analyses, this tool termed "ProteinProcessor" provides a robust and invaluable addition to current protein identification tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Epstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Blank
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Aaron D Catlin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew T Olson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Backlund
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Faculty of Graduate Studies and the Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Alfred L Yergey
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Tallman KA, Kim HYH, Korade Z, Genaro-Mattos TC, Wages PA, Liu W, Porter NA. Probes for protein adduction in cholesterol biosynthesis disorders: Alkynyl lanosterol as a viable sterol precursor. Redox Biol 2017; 12:182-190. [PMID: 28258022 PMCID: PMC5333532 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of lipid electrophile-protein adducts is associated with many disorders that involve perturbations of cellular redox status. The identities of adducted proteins and the effects of adduction on protein function are mostly unknown and an increased understanding of these factors may help to define the pathogenesis of various human disorders involving oxidative stress. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), the immediate biosynthetic precursor to cholesterol, is highly oxidizable and gives electrophilic oxysterols that adduct proteins readily, a sequence of events proposed to occur in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a human disorder resulting from an error in cholesterol biosynthesis. Alkynyl lanosterol (a-Lan) was synthesized and studied in Neuro2a cells, Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells and human fibroblasts. When incubated in control Neuro2a cells and control human fibroblasts, a-Lan completed the sequence of steps involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and alkynyl-cholesterol (a-Chol) was the major product formed. In Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells or fibroblasts from SLOS patients, the biosynthetic transformation was interrupted at the penultimate step and alkynyl-7-DHC (a-7-DHC) was the major product formed. When a-Lan was incubated in Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells and the alkynyl tag was used to ligate a biotin group to alkyne-containing products, protein-sterol adducts were isolated and identified. In parallel experiments with a-Lan and a-7-DHC in Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells, a-7-DHC was found to adduct to a larger set of proteins (799) than a-Lan (457) with most of the a-Lan protein adducts (423) being common to the larger a-7-DHC set. Of the 423 proteins found common to both experiments, those formed from a-7-DHC were more highly enriched compared to a DMSO control than were those derived from a-Lan. The 423 common proteins were ranked according to the enrichment determined for each protein in the a-Lan and a-7-DHC experiments and there was a very strong correlation of protein ranks for the adducts formed in the parallel experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Phillip A Wages
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
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24
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Kuzu OF, Noory MA, Robertson GP. The Role of Cholesterol in Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2063-70. [PMID: 27197250 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The roles played by cholesterol in cancer development and the potential of therapeutically targeting cholesterol homeostasis is a controversial area in the cancer community. Several epidemiologic studies report an association between cancer and serum cholesterol levels or statin use, while others suggest that there is not one. Furthermore, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project using next-generation sequencing has profiled the mutational status and expression levels of all the genes in diverse cancers, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism, providing correlative support for a role of the cholesterol pathway in cancer development. Finally, preclinical studies tend to more consistently support the role of cholesterol in cancer, with several demonstrating that cholesterol homeostasis genes can modulate development. Because of space limitations, this review provides selected examples of the epidemiologic, TCGA, and preclinical data, focusing on alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and its consequent effect on patient survival. In melanoma, this focused analysis demonstrated that enhanced expression of cholesterol synthesis genes was associated with decreased patient survival. Collectively, the studies in melanoma and other cancer types suggested a potential role of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in cancer development but additional studies are needed to link population-based epidemiological data, the TCGA database results, and preclinical mechanistic evidence to concretely resolve this controversy. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2063-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad A Noory
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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25
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Identification of candidate biomarkers for the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by quantitative proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2014; 109:162-75. [PMID: 24998431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major head and neck cancer with high occurrence in Southeast Asia and southern China. To identify novel biomarkers for the early detection of NPC patients, 2D-DIGE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in the carcinogenesis and progression of NPC using LCM-purified normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and various stages of NPC biopsies. As a result, 26 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which two proteins with sharp expressional changes in the carcinogenic process, ENO1 and CYPA, were validated by western blot analysis and identified as critical seed proteins in the functional network. Immunohistochemistry assay was further performed to detect the expression of the two proteins with a tissue microarray that included various stages of NPC tissues. The ability of these proteins to detect NPC early was evaluated via a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The results indicated that the combination of the two proteins could perfectly discriminate NNET and AH from stage I of NPC with high sensitivity and specificity, which is more effective than using either of the two proteins individually. In summary, the combination of ENO1 and CYPA can serve as potential molecular markers for the early detection of NPC. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE NPC is a lethal malignancy that is most prevalent in Southeast Asia, and early detection and treatment are essential for the survival and good prognosis of NPC patients. In the present work, we identified 26 differentially expressed proteins in NNET, AH and different stages of NPC tissues by using 2D-DIGE combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. Of these proteins, the down-regulation of ENO1 and over-expression of CYPA were confirmed with a high-throughput tissue microarray that included various stages of NPC tissues via an IHC assay, and the results indicated that the combination of ENO1 and CYPA can serve as a potential molecular marker for the early detection of NPC.
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26
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Calvo PL, Brunati A, Spada M, Romagnoli R, Corso G, Parenti G, Rossi M, Baldi M, Carbonaro G, David E, Pucci A, Amoroso A, Salizzoni M. Liver transplantation in defects of cholesterol biosynthesis: the case of lathosterolosis. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:960-5. [PMID: 24621408 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the outcome of liver transplantation (LT) in the only surviving patient with lathosterolosis, a defect of cholesterol biosynthesis characterized by high lathosterol levels associated with progressive cholestasis, multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. From her diagnosis at age 2 she had shown autistic behavior, was unable to walk unaided and her sight was impaired by cataracts. By age 7 she developed end-stage liver disease. After a soul-searching discussion within the transplantation team, she was treated with LT as this represented her only lifesaving option. At 1-year follow-up, her lathosterol levels had returned to normal (0.61 mg/dL from 13.04 ± 2.65) and her nutrition improved. She began exploring her environment and walking by holding onto an adult's hand and then independently. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had shown a normal picture at age 1, whereas a volume reduction of white matter with ex vacuo ventricular dilatation and defective myelinization were observed before transplant. At 5-year follow-up, a complete biochemical recovery, an arrest of mental deterioration and a stable MRI picture were achieved, with a return to her every day life albeit with limitations. Timely liver transplant in defects of cholesterol biosynthesis might arrest the progression of neurological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Calvo
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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27
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Fryer LGD, Jones B, Duncan EJ, Hutchison CE, Ozkan T, Williams PA, Alder O, Nieuwdorp M, Townley AK, Mensenkamp AR, Stephens DJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, Shoulders CC. The endoplasmic reticulum coat protein II transport machinery coordinates cellular lipid secretion and cholesterol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4244-61. [PMID: 24338480 PMCID: PMC3924288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.479980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides and cholesterol are essential for life in most organisms. Triglycerides serve as the principal energy storage depot and, where vascular systems exist, as a means of energy transport. Cholesterol is essential for the functional integrity of all cellular membrane systems. The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of secretory lipoprotein production and de novo cholesterol synthesis, yet little is known about how these activities are coordinated with each other or with the activity of the COPII machinery, which transports endoplasmic reticulum cargo to the Golgi. The Sar1B component of this machinery is mutated in chylomicron retention disorder, indicating that this Sar1 isoform secures delivery of dietary lipids into the circulation. However, it is not known why some patients with chylomicron retention disorder develop hepatic steatosis, despite impaired intestinal fat malabsorption, and why very severe hypocholesterolemia develops in this condition. Here, we show that Sar1B also promotes hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B lipoprotein secretion and that this promoting activity is coordinated with the processes regulating apoB expression and the transfer of triglycerides/cholesterol moieties onto this large lipid transport protein. We also show that although Sar1A antagonizes the lipoprotein secretion-promoting activity of Sar1B, both isoforms modulate the expression of genes encoding cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes and the synthesis of cholesterol de novo. These results not only establish that Sar1B promotes the secretion of hepatic lipids but also adds regulation of cholesterol synthesis to Sar1B's repertoire of transport functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee G D Fryer
- From the Endocrinology Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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28
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Tu C, Li J, Jiang X, Sheflin LG, Pfeffer BA, Behringer M, Fliesler SJ, Qu J. Ion-current-based proteomic profiling of the retina in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3583-98. [PMID: 23979708 PMCID: PMC3861709 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.027847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is one of the most common recessive human disorders and is characterized by multiple congenital malformations as well as neurosensory and cognitive abnormalities. A rat model of SLOS has been developed that exhibits progressive retinal degeneration and visual dysfunction; however, the molecular events underlying the degeneration and dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a well-controlled, ion-current-based approach to compare retinas from the SLOS rat model to retinas from age- and sex-matched control rats (n = 5/group). Retinas were subjected to detergent extraction and subsequent precipitation and on-pellet-digestion procedures and then were analyzed on a long, heated column (75 cm, with small particles) with a 7-h gradient. The high analytical reproducibility of the overall proteomics procedure enabled reliable expression profiling. In total, 1,259 unique protein groups, ~40% of which were membrane proteins, were quantified under highly stringent criteria, including a peptide false discovery rate of 0.4%, with high quality ion-current data (e.g. signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 10) obtained independently from at least two unique peptides for each protein. The ion-current-based strategy showed greater quantitative accuracy and reproducibility over a parallel spectral counting analysis. Statistically significant alterations of 101 proteins were observed; these proteins are implicated in a variety of biological processes, including lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, cell death, proteolysis, visual transduction, and vesicular/membrane transport, consistent with the features of the associated retinal degeneration in the SLOS model. Selected targets were further validated by Western blot analysis and correlative immunohistochemistry. Importantly, although photoreceptor cell death was validated by TUNEL analysis, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses suggested a caspase-3-independent pathway. In total, these results provide compelling new evidence implicating molecular changes beyond the initial defect in cholesterol biosynthesis in this retinal degeneration model, and they might have broader implications with respect to the pathobiological mechanism underlying SLOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Tu
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
- §New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Jun Li
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
- §New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Xiaosheng Jiang
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
- §New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Lowell G. Sheflin
- ¶Research Service, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York 14215
| | - Bruce A. Pfeffer
- ‖Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
- **SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, New York 14215
| | - Matthew Behringer
- ‖Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Steven J. Fliesler
- ¶Research Service, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York 14215
- ‖Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
- **SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, New York 14215
| | - Jun Qu
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
- §New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203
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Abstract
During the past 20 years, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of many genetic skin conditions. The translation of these laboratory findings into effective therapies for affected individuals has been slow, however, in large part due to the risk of carcinogenesis from random viral genomic integration and the lack of efficacy of topically applied genetic material and most proteins. As intervention at the gene level still appears remote for most genetic disorders, increased knowledge about the cellular and biochemical pathogenesis of disease allows specific targeting of pathways with existing and/or novel drugs and molecules. In contrast to the requirement for personalization of most gene-based approaches, pathogenesis-based therapy is pathway specific, and in theory, it should have broader applicability. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the pathoetiology of the various types of ichthyoses and demonstrate how a pathogenesis-based approach can potentially lead to innovative treatments for these conditions. Notably, this strategy has been successfully validated for the treatment of the rare X-linked dominant condition, CHILD syndrome, in which topical applications of cholesterol and lovastatin together to affected skin resulted in marked improvement of the skin phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey E Lai-Cheong
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 cerebellum identifies protein biomarkers and provides pathological insight. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47845. [PMID: 23144710 PMCID: PMC3483225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no definitive therapy. In NPC1, a pathological cascade including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis likely contribute to the clinical phenotype. While the genetic cause of NPC1 is known, we sought to gain a further understanding into the pathophysiology by identifying differentially expressed proteins in Npc1 mutant mouse cerebella. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, 77 differentially expressed proteins were identified in Npc1 mutant mice cerebella compared to controls. These include proteins involved in glucose metabolism, detoxification/oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease-related proteins. Furthermore, members of the fatty acid binding protein family, including FABP3, FABP5 and FABP7, were found to have altered expression in the Npc1 mutant cerebellum relative to control. Translating our findings from the murine model to patients, we confirm altered expression of glutathione s-transferase α, superoxide dismutase, and FABP3 in cerebrospinal fluid of NPC1 patients relative to pediatric controls. A subset of NPC1 patients on miglustat, a glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, showed significantly decreased levels of FABP3 compared to patients not on miglustat therapy. This study provides an initial report of dysregulated proteins in NPC1 which will assist with further investigation of NPC1 pathology and facilitate implementation of therapeutic trials.
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31
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Elias PM, Williams ML, Feingold KR. Abnormal barrier function in the pathogenesis of ichthyosis: therapeutic implications for lipid metabolic disorders. Clin Dermatol 2012; 30:311-22. [PMID: 22507046 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ichthyoses, including inherited disorders of lipid metabolism, display a permeability barrier abnormality in which the severity of the clinical phenotype parallels the prominence of the barrier defect. The pathogenesis of the cutaneous phenotype represents the consequences of the mutation for epidermal function, coupled with a "best attempt" by affected epidermis to generate a competent barrier in a terrestrial environment. A compromised barrier in normal epidermis triggers a vigorous set of metabolic responses that rapidly normalizes function, but ichthyotic epidermis, which is inherently compromised, only partially succeeds in this effort. Unraveling mechanisms that account for barrier dysfunction in the ichthyoses has identified multiple, subcellular, and biochemical processes that contribute to the clinical phenotype. Current treatment of the ichthyoses remains largely symptomatic: directed toward reducing scale or corrective gene therapy. Reducing scale is often minimally effective. Gene therapy is impeded by multiple pitfalls, including difficulties in transcutaneous drug delivery, high costs, and discomfort of injections. We have begun to use information about disease pathogenesis to identify novel, pathogenesis-based therapeutic strategies for the ichthyoses. The clinical phenotype often reflects not only a deficiency of pathway end product due to reduced-function mutations in key synthetic enzymes but often also accumulation of proximal, potentially toxic metabolites. As a result, depending upon the identified pathomechanism(s) for each disorder, the accompanying ichthyosis can be treated by topical provision of pathway product (eg, cholesterol), with or without a proximal enzyme inhibitor (eg, simvastatin), to block metabolite production. Among the disorders of distal cholesterol metabolism, the cutaneous phenotype in Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform Erythroderma and Limb Defects (CHILD syndrome) and X-linked ichthyosis reflect metabolite accumulation and deficiency of pathway product (ie, cholesterol). We validated this therapeutic approach in two CHILD syndrome patients who failed to improve with topical cholesterol alone, but cleared with dual treatment with cholesterol plus lovastatin. In theory, the ichthyoses in other inherited lipid metabolic disorders could be treated analogously. This pathogenesis (pathway)-driven approach possesses several inherent advantages: (1) it is mechanism-specific for each disorder; (2) it is inherently safe, because natural lipids and/or approved drugs often are utilized; and (3) it should be inexpensive, and therefore it could be used widely in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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32
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Xu L, Mirnics K, Bowman AB, Liu W, Da J, Porter NA, Korade Z. DHCEO accumulation is a critical mediator of pathophysiology in a Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome model. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:923-9. [PMID: 22182693 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by defective cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), the last enzyme in the pathway, lead to the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the brain tissue and blood of the SLOS patients. The objective of this study was to determine the consequences of the accumulation of an immediate cholesterol precursor, 7-DHC and its oxysterol metabolite, 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), in the brain tissue of Dhcr7-KO mouse, a model for SLOS. We found that cholesterol, 7-DHC and DHCEO show region-specific distribution, suggesting that the midbrain and the cortex are the primary sites of vulnerability. We also report that neurons are ten fold more susceptible to a 7-DHC-derived oxysterol mixture than glial cells, and that DHCEO accelerates differentiation and arborization of cortical neurons. The overall results suggest that 7-DHC oxidative metabolites are critical contributors to altered neural development in SLOS. The future studies will test if antioxidant supplementation will ameliorate some of the clinical symptoms associated with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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33
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Abstract
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive, multiple congenital malformation and intellectual disability syndrome, with clinical characteristics that encompass a wide spectrum and great variability. Elucidation of the biochemical and genetic basis for SLOS, specifically understanding SLOS as a cholesterol deficiency syndrome caused by mutation in DHCR7, opened up enormous possibilities for therapeutic intervention. When cholesterol was discovered to be the activator of sonic hedgehog, cholesterol deficiency with inactivation of this developmental patterning gene was thought to be the cause of SLOS malformations, yet this explanation is overly simplistic. Despite these important research breakthroughs, there is no proven treatment for SLOS. Better animal models are needed to allow potential treatment testing and the study of disease pathophysiology, which is incompletely understood. Creation of human cellular models, especially models of brain cells, would be useful, and in vivo human studies are also essential. Biomarker development will be crucial in facilitating clinical trials in this rare condition, because the clinical phenotype can change over many years. Additional research in these and other areas is critical if we are to make headway towards ameliorating the effects of this devastating condition.
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Keber R, Motaln H, Wagner KD, Debeljak N, Rassoulzadegan M, Ačimovič J, Rozman D, Horvat S. Mouse knockout of the cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (Cyp51) resembles Antley-Bixler syndrome. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29086-29097. [PMID: 21705796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) represents a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by skeletal, cardiac, and urogenital abnormalities that have frequently been associated with mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 or cytochrome P450 reductase genes. In some ABS patients, reduced activity of the cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 CYP51A1, an ortholog of the mouse CYP51, and accumulation of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol has been reported, but the role of CYP51A1 in the ABS etiology has remained obscure. To test whether Cyp51 could be involved in generating an ABS-like phenotype, a mouse knock-out model was developed that exhibited several prenatal ABS-like features leading to lethality at embryonic day 15. Cyp51(-/-) mice had no functional Cyp51 mRNA and no immunodetectable CYP51 protein. The two CYP51 enzyme substrates (lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) were markedly accumulated. Cholesterol precursors downstream of the CYP51 enzymatic step were not detected, indicating that the targeting in this study blocked de novo cholesterol synthesis. This was reflected in the up-regulation of 10 cholesterol synthesis genes, with the exception of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Lethality was ascribed to heart failure due to hypoplasia, ventricle septum, and epicardial and vasculogenesis defects, suggesting that Cyp51 deficiency was involved in heart development and coronary vessel formation. As the most likely downstream molecular mechanisms, alterations were identified in the sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Cyp51 knock-out mice provide evidence that Cyp51 is essential for embryogenesis and present a potential animal model for studying ABS syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Keber
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kay D Wagner
- INSERM U907, Parc Valrose, Nice, France; Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nataša Debeljak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France; Centre de Biochimie, INSERM U636, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Jure Ačimovič
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and.
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35
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Hojo K, Hakamata H, Kusu F. Simultaneous determination of serum lathosterol and cholesterol by semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:751-5. [PMID: 21398191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lathosterol and cholesterol by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Lathosterol was found to be electrochemically oxidized and its current peak height was linearly related to the amount of lathosterol injected, ranging from 0.15 μmol/L to 300 μmol/L (r=0.995). Similar results were obtained with cholesterol from 15 μmol/L to 600 μmol/L (r=0.995). The separation was carried out with an ODS column, acetonitrile containing 30 mmol/L lithium perchlorate as a mobile phase, and an applied potential at +2.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The detection limit (S/N=3) of lathosterol as well as cholesterol was 0.03 μmol/L (0.15 pmol). Total lathosterol in control human and rat serum was determined by the present method with a recovery of more than 95.8% and an RSD (n=5) of less than 7.3%. The present method was applied to an experiment with rats to examine the effect of lathosterol feeding. There were no significant changes in serum lathosterol or cholesterol levels in rats fed with a high-lathosterol diet for six days. Therefore, we found this method to be both simple and useful for the simultaneous determination of lathosterol and cholesterol in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hojo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Porter FD, Herman GE. Malformation syndromes caused by disorders of cholesterol synthesis. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:6-34. [PMID: 20929975 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r009548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal growth and development. In addition to being a major membrane lipid, cholesterol has multiple biological functions. These roles include being a precursor molecule for the synthesis of steroid hormones, neuroactive steroids, oxysterols, and bile acids. Cholesterol is also essential for the proper maturation and signaling of hedgehog proteins, and thus cholesterol is critical for embryonic development. After birth, most tissues can obtain cholesterol from either endogenous synthesis or exogenous dietary sources, but prior to birth, the human fetal tissues are dependent on endogenous synthesis. Due to the blood-brain barrier, brain tissue cannot utilize dietary or peripherally produced cholesterol. Generally, inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis lead to both a deficiency of cholesterol and increased levels of potentially bioactive or toxic precursor sterols. Over the past couple of decades, a number of human malformation syndromes have been shown to be due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis. Herein, we will review clinical and basic science aspects of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, desmosterolosis, lathosterolosis, HEM dysplasia, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects Syndrome, sterol-C-4 methyloxidase-like deficiency, and Antley-Bixler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forbes D Porter
- Program in Developmental Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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