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Gamage K, Wang B, Hard ER, Van T, Galesic A, Phillips GR, Pratt M, Lapidus LJ. O-GlcNAc Modification of α-Synuclein Can Alter Monomer Dynamics to Control Aggregation Kinetics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3044-3052. [PMID: 39082221 PMCID: PMC11342298 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered protein α-Synuclein is identified as a major toxic aggregate in Parkinson's as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Recent work on this protein has focused on the effects of posttranslational modifications on aggregation kinetics. Among them, O-GlcNAcylation of α-Synuclein has been observed to inhibit the aggregation propensity of the protein. Here, we investigate the monomer dynamics of two O-GlcNAcylated α-Synucleins, α-Syn(gT72), and α-Syn(gS87) and correlate them with the aggregation kinetics. We find that, compared to the unmodified protein, glycosylation at T72 makes the protein less compact and more diffusive, while glycosylation at S87 makes the protein more compact and less diffusive. Based on a model of the earliest steps in aggregation, we predict that T72 should aggregate slower than unmodified protein, which is confirmed by ThT fluorescence measurements. In contrast, S87 should aggregate faster, which is not mirrored in ThT kinetics of later fibril formation but does not rule out a higher rate of formation of small oligomers. Together, these results show that posttranslational modifications do not uniformly affect aggregation propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Gamage
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Binyou Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eldon R Hard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thong Van
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ana Galesic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - George R Phillips
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Lisa J. Lapidus
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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2
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Yan J, Kahyo T, Zhang H, Ping Y, Zhang C, Jiang S, Ji Q, Ferdous R, Islam MS, Oyama S, Aramaki S, Sato T, Mimi MA, Hasan MM, Setou M. Alpha-Synuclein Interaction with UBL3 Is Upregulated by Microsomal Glutathione S-Transferase 3, Leading to Increased Extracellular Transport of the Alpha-Synuclein under Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7353. [PMID: 39000460 PMCID: PMC11242132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn), a major pathological hallmark of related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), can translocate between cells. Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) is a membrane-anchored ubiquitin-fold protein and post-translational modifier. UBL3 promotes protein sorting into small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and thereby mediates intercellular communication. Our recent studies have shown that α-syn interacts with UBL3 and that this interaction is downregulated after silencing microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (MGST3). However, how MGST3 regulates the interaction of α-syn and UBL3 remains unclear. In the present study, we further explored this by overexpressing MGST3. In the split Gaussia luciferase complementation assay, we found that the interaction between α-syn and UBL3 was upregulated by MGST3. While Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses showed that silencing or overexpression of MGST3 did not significantly alter the expression of α-syn and UBL3, the immunocytochemical staining analysis indicated that MGST3 increased the co-localization of α-syn and UBL3. We suggested roles for the anti-oxidative stress function of MGST3 and found that the effect of MGST3 overexpression on the interaction between α-syn with UBL3 was significantly rescued under excess oxidative stress and promoted intracellular α-syn to extracellular transport. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MGST3 upregulates the interaction between α-syn with UBL3 and promotes the interaction to translocate intracellular α-syn to the extracellular. Overall, our findings provide new insights and ideas for promoting the modulation of UBL3 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of synucleinopathy-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
- Quantum Imaging Laboratory, Division of Research and Development in Photonics Technology, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hengsen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yashuang Ping
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Shuyun Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Qianqing Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Rafia Ferdous
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Md. Shoriful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Soho Oyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Shuhei Aramaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Translational Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mst. Afsana Mimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (J.Y.); (T.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (S.J.); (Q.J.); (R.F.); (M.S.I.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (T.S.); (M.A.M.); (M.M.H.)
- International Mass Imaging and Spatial Omics Center, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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3
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Lloyd GM, Quintin S, Sorrentino ZA, Gorion KMM, Bell BM, Long B, Paterno G, Giasson BI. A multiverse of α-synuclein: investigation of prion strain properties with carboxyl-terminal truncation specific antibodies in animal models. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38858742 PMCID: PMC11163735 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of misfolded α-Synuclein (αSyn) in the brain. These conditions manifest with diverse clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. This disease diversity is hypothesized to be driven by αSyn strains with differing biophysical properties, potentially influencing prion-type propagation and consequentially the progression of illness. Previously, we investigated this hypothesis by injecting brain lysate (seeds) from deceased individuals with various synucleinopathies or human recombinant αSyn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into transgenic mice overexpressing either wild type or A53T human αSyn. In the studies herein, we expanded on these experiments, utilizing a panel of antibodies specific for the major carboxyl-terminally truncated forms of αSyn (αSynΔC). These modified forms of αSyn are found enriched in human disease brains to inform on potential strain-specific proteolytic patterns. With monoclonal antibodies specific for human αSyn cleaved at residues 103, 114, 122, 125, and 129, we demonstrate that multiple system atrophy (MSA) seeds and PFFs induce differing neuroanatomical spread of αSyn pathology associated with host specific profiles. Overall, αSyn cleaved at residue 103 was most widely present in the induced pathological inclusions. Furthermore, αSynΔC-positive inclusions were present in astrocytes, but more frequently in activated microglia, with patterns dependent on host and inoculum. These findings support the hypothesis that synucleinopathy heterogeneity might stem from αSyn strains with unique biochemical properties that include proteolytic processing, which could result in dominant strain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Lloyd
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stephan Quintin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Zachary A Sorrentino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kimberly-Marie M Gorion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Brach M Bell
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Brooke Long
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Giavanna Paterno
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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4
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Anjo SI, He Z, Hussain Z, Farooq A, McIntyre A, Laughton CA, Carvalho AN, Finelli MJ. Protein Oxidative Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Advances in Detection and Modelling to Their Use as Disease Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:681. [PMID: 38929122 PMCID: PMC11200609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction post-translational modifications (redox-PTMs) are chemical alterations to amino acids of proteins. Redox-PTMs participate in the regulation of protein conformation, localization and function, acting as signalling effectors that impact many essential biochemical processes in the cells. Crucially, the dysregulation of redox-PTMs of proteins has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review aims to highlight the current gaps in knowledge in the field of redox-PTMs biology and to explore new methodological advances in proteomics and computational modelling that will pave the way for a better understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of redox-PTMs of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the main types of redox-PTMs of proteins while providing examples of their occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases and an overview of the state-of-the-art methods used for their detection. We explore the potential of novel computational modelling approaches as essential tools to obtain insights into the precise role of redox-PTMs in regulating protein structure and function. We also discuss the complex crosstalk between various PTMs that occur in living cells. Finally, we argue that redox-PTMs of proteins could be used in the future as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zhicheng He
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zohaib Hussain
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aruba Farooq
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattéa J. Finelli
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Tapia-Arellano A, Cabrera P, Cortés-Adasme E, Riveros A, Hassan N, Kogan MJ. Tau- and α-synuclein-targeted gold nanoparticles: applications, opportunities, and future outlooks in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:248. [PMID: 38741193 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in medicine offers multiple opportunities to address neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These diseases are a significant burden for society and the health system, affecting millions of people worldwide without sensitive and selective diagnostic methodologies or effective treatments to stop their progression. In this sense, the use of gold nanoparticles is a promising tool due to their unique properties at the nanometric level. They can be functionalized with specific molecules to selectively target pathological proteins such as Tau and α-synuclein for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Additionally, these proteins are used as diagnostic biomarkers, wherein gold nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing their signal, even at the low concentrations present in biological samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, thus enabling an early and accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, gold nanoparticles act as drug delivery platforms, bringing therapeutic agents directly into the brain, improving treatment efficiency and precision, and reducing side effects in healthy tissues. However, despite the exciting potential of gold nanoparticles, it is crucial to address the challenges and issues associated with their use in the medical field before they can be widely applied in clinical settings. It is critical to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of these nanomaterials in the context of the central nervous system. Therefore, rigorous preclinical and clinical studies are needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of these strategies in patients. Since there is scarce and sometimes contradictory literature about their use in this context, the main aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the current state-of-the-art of gold nanoparticles in relation to delivery, diagnosis, and therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as recent research about their use in preclinical, clinical, and emerging research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tapia-Arellano
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDT), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Pablo Cabrera
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Cortés-Adasme
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Riveros
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Hassan
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDT), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile.
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Gamage K, Wang B, Hard ER, Van T, Galesic A, Phillips GR, Pratt M, Lapidus LJ. Post-translational Modification of α-Synuclein Modifies Monomer Dynamics and Aggregation Kinetics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592473. [PMID: 38766253 PMCID: PMC11100617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered protein α-Synuclein is identified as a major toxic aggregate in Parkinson's as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Recent work on this protein has focused on the effects of posttranslational modifications on aggregation kinetics. Among these, O-GlcNAcylation of α-Synuclein has been observed to inhibit the aggregation propensity of the protein. Here we investigate the monomer dynamics of two O-GlcNAcylated α-Synucleins, α-Syn(gT72) and α-Syn(gS87) and correlate them with the aggregation kinetics. We find that, compared to the unmodified protein, glycosylation at T72 makes the protein less compact and more diffusive while glycosylation at S87 makes the protein more compact and less diffusive. Based on a model of the earliest steps in aggregation, we predict that T72 should aggregate slower than unmodified protein, which is confirmed by ThT fluorescence measurements. In contrast, S87 should aggregate faster, which is not mirrored in ThT kinetics of later fibril formation but does not rule out a higher rate of formation of small oligomers. Together, these results show that posttranslational modifications do not uniformly affect aggregation propensity.
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7
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Liu C, Su Y, Ma X, Wei Y, Qiao R. How close are we to a breakthrough? The hunt for blood biomarkers in Parkinson's disease diagnosis. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2563-2576. [PMID: 38379501 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), being the second largest neurodegenerative disease, poses challenges in early detection, resulting in a lack of timely treatment options to effectively manage the disease. By the time clinical diagnosis becomes possible, more than 60% of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients have already degenerated. Therefore, early diagnosis or identification of warning signs is crucial for the prompt and timely beginning of the treatment. However, conducting invasive or complex diagnostic procedures on asymptomatic patients can be challenging, making routine blood tests a more feasible approach in such cases. Numerous studies have been conducted over an extended period to search for effective diagnostic biomarkers in blood samples. However, thus far, no highly effective biomarkers have been confirmed. Besides classical proteins like α-synuclein (α-syn), phosphorylated α-syn and oligomeric α-syn, other molecules involved in disease progression should also be given equal attention. In this review, we will not only discuss proposed biomarkers that are currently under investigation but also delve into the mechanisms underlying the disease, focusing on processes such as α-syn misfolding, intercellular transmission and the crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our aim is to provide an updated overview of molecules based on these processes that may potentially serve as blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Su
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Balana AT, Mahul-Mellier AL, Nguyen BA, Horvath M, Javed A, Hard ER, Jasiqi Y, Singh P, Afrin S, Pedretti R, Singh V, Lee VMY, Luk KC, Saelices L, Lashuel HA, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAc forces an α-synuclein amyloid strain with notably diminished seeding and pathology. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:646-655. [PMID: 38347213 PMCID: PMC11062923 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-forming proteins such α-synuclein and tau, which are implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, can form different fibril structures or strains with distinct toxic properties, seeding activities and pathology. Understanding the determinants contributing to the formation of different amyloid features could open new avenues for developing disease-specific diagnostics and therapies. Here we report that O-GlcNAc modification of α-synuclein monomers results in the formation of amyloid fibril with distinct core structure, as revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy, and diminished seeding activity in seeding-based neuronal and rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Although the mechanisms underpinning the seeding neutralization activity of the O-GlcNAc-modified fibrils remain unclear, our in vitro mechanistic studies indicate that heat shock proteins interactions with O-GlcNAc fibril inhibit their seeding activity, suggesting that the O-GlcNAc modification may alter the interactome of the α-synuclein fibrils in ways that lead to reduce seeding activity in vivo. Our results show that posttranslational modifications, such as O-GlcNAc modification, of α-synuclein are key determinants of α-synuclein amyloid strains and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Balana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Mahul-Mellier
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Binh A Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mian Horvath
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Afraah Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eldon R Hard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yllza Jasiqi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Abioye A, Akintade D, Mitchell J, Olorode S, Adejare A. Nonintuitive Immunogenicity and Plasticity of Alpha-Synuclein Conformers: A Paradigm for Smart Delivery of Neuro-Immunotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:609. [PMID: 38794271 PMCID: PMC11124533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research successes and continuous developments in modern medicine in terms of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, the lack of clinically useful disease-modifying drugs or immunotherapeutic agents that can successfully treat or prevent neurodegenerative diseases is an ongoing challenge. To date, only one of the 244 drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has been approved in the past decade, indicating a failure rate of 99.6%. In corollary, the approved monoclonal antibody did not demonstrate significant cognitive benefits. Thus, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing rapidly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for creative approaches to identifying and testing biomarkers for better diagnosis, prevention, and disease-modifying strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Overexpression of the endogenous α-synuclein has been identified as the driving force for the formation of the pathogenic α-synuclein (α-Syn) conformers, resulting in neuroinflammation, hypersensitivity, endogenous homeostatic responses, oxidative dysfunction, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the conformational plasticity of α-Syn proffers that a certain level of α-Syn is essential for the survival of neurons. Thus, it exerts both neuroprotective and neurotoxic (regulatory) functions on neighboring neuronal cells. Furthermore, the aberrant metastable α-Syn conformers may be subtle and difficult to detect but may trigger cellular and molecular events including immune responses. It is well documented in literature that the misfolded α-Syn and its conformers that are released into the extracellular space from damaged or dead neurons trigger the innate and adaptive immune responses in PD. Thus, in this review, we discuss the nonintuitive plasticity and immunogenicity of the α-Syn conformers in the brain immune cells and their physiological and pathological consequences on the neuroimmune responses including neuroinflammation, homeostatic remodeling, and cell-specific interactions that promote neuroprotection in PD. We also critically reviewed the novel strategies for immunotherapeutic delivery interventions in PD pathogenesis including immunotherapeutic targets and potential nanoparticle-based smart drug delivery systems. It is envisioned that a greater understanding of the nonintuitive immunogenicity of aberrant α-Syn conformers in the brain's microenvironment would provide a platform for identifying valid therapeutic targets and developing smart brain delivery systems for clinically effective disease-modifying immunotherapeutics that can aid in the prevention and treatment of PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Abioye
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Damilare Akintade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (D.A.); (J.M.); (S.O.)
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (D.A.); (J.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Simisade Olorode
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (D.A.); (J.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA;
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10
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Perez-Villalba A, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Soriano-Cantón R, Folgado V, Pérez-Cañamás A, Kirstein M, Fariñas I, Pérez-Sánchez F. Dopaminergic neuron loss in mice due to increased levels of wild-type human α-Synuclein only takes place under conditions of accelerated aging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2490. [PMID: 38291230 PMCID: PMC10828501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate pathogenic mechanisms behind Parkinson's disease (PD) and its multifactorial nature presents a significant challenge in disease modeling. To address this, we explore genetic models that better capture the disease's complexity. Given that aging is the primary risk factor for PD, this study investigates the impact of aging in conjunction with overexpression of wild-type human α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the dopaminergic system. This is achieved by introducing a novel transgenic mouse strain overexpressing α-Syn under the TH-promoter within the senescence-accelerated SAMP8 (P8) genetic background. Behavioral assessments, conducted at both 10 and 16 months of age, unveil motor impairments exclusive to P8 α-SynTg mice, a phenomenon conspicuously absent in α-SynTg mice. These findings suggest a synergistic interplay between heightened α-Syn levels and the aging process, resulting in motor deficits. These motor disturbances correlate with reduced dopamine (DA) levels, increased DA turnover, synaptic terminal loss, and notably, the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, P8 α-SynTg mice exhibit alterations in gut transit time, mirroring early PD symptoms. In summary, P8 α-SynTg mice effectively replicate parkinsonian phenotypes by combining α-Syn transgene expression with accelerated aging. This model offers valuable insights into the understanding of PD and serves as a valuable platform for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perez-Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior Phenotype (L.A.B.P.), Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Soriano-Cantón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginia Folgado
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Azucena Pérez-Cañamás
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Kirstein
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Cao C, Magalhães P, Krapp LF, Bada Juarez JF, Mayer SF, Rukes V, Chiki A, Lashuel HA, Dal Peraro M. Deep Learning-Assisted Single-Molecule Detection of Protein Post-translational Modifications with a Biological Nanopore. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1504-1515. [PMID: 38112538 PMCID: PMC10795472 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in countless biological processes, profoundly modulating protein properties on both spatial and temporal scales. Protein PTMs have also emerged as reliable biomarkers for several diseases. However, only a handful of techniques are available to accurately measure their levels, capture their complexity at a single molecule level, and characterize their multifaceted roles in health and disease. Nanopore sensing provides high sensitivity for the detection of low-abundance proteins, holding the potential to impact single-molecule proteomics and PTM detection, in particular. Here, we demonstrate the ability of a biological nanopore, the pore-forming toxin aerolysin, to detect and distinguish α-synuclein-derived peptides bearing single or multiple PTMs, namely, phosphorylation, nitration, and oxidation occurring at different positions and in various combinations. The characteristic current signatures of the α-synuclein peptide and its PTM variants could be confidently identified by using a deep learning model for signal processing. We further demonstrate that this framework can quantify α-synuclein peptides at picomolar concentrations and detect the C-terminal peptides generated by digestion of full-length α-synuclein. Collectively, our work highlights the advantage of using nanopores as a tool for simultaneous detection of multiple PTMs and facilitates their use in biomarker discovery and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Cao
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Magalhães
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind
Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lucien F. Krapp
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Juan F. Bada Juarez
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Simon Finn Mayer
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Verena Rukes
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Anass Chiki
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind
Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind
Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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12
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Wiseman JA, Murray HC, Faull RLMF, Dragunow M, Turner CP, Dieriks BV, Curtis MA. Aggregate-prone brain regions in Parkinson's disease are rich in unique N-terminus α-synuclein conformers with high proteolysis susceptibility. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38167744 PMCID: PMC10762179 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), and other α-synucleinopathies, α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates form a myriad of conformational and truncational variants. Most antibodies used to detect and quantify α-Syn in the human brain target epitopes within the C-terminus (residues 96-140) of the 140 amino acid protein and may fail to capture the diversity of α-Syn variants present in PD. We sought to investigate the heterogeneity of α-Syn conformations and aggregation states in the PD human brain by labelling with multiple antibodies that detect epitopes along the entire length of α-Syn. We used multiplex immunohistochemistry to simultaneously immunolabel tissue sections with antibodies mapping the three structural domains of α-Syn. Discrete epitope-specific immunoreactivities were visualised and quantified in the olfactory bulb, medulla, substantia nigra, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus of ten PD cases, and the middle temporal gyrus of 23 PD, and 24 neurologically normal cases. Distinct Lewy neurite and Lewy body aggregate morphologies were detected across all interrogated regions/cases. Lewy neurites were the most prominent in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus, while the substantia nigra, medulla and cortical regions showed a mixture of Lewy neurites and Lewy bodies. Importantly, unique N-terminus immunoreactivity revealed previously uncharacterised populations of (1) perinuclear, (2) glial (microglial and astrocytic), and (3) neuronal lysosomal α-Syn aggregates. These epitope-specific N-terminus immunoreactive aggregate populations were susceptible to proteolysis via time-dependent proteinase K digestion, suggesting a less stable oligomeric aggregation state. Our identification of unique N-terminus immunoreactive α-Syn aggregates adds to the emerging paradigm that α-Syn pathology is more abundant and complex in human brains with PD than previously realised. Our findings highlight that labelling multiple regions of the α-Syn protein is necessary to investigate the full spectrum of α-Syn pathology and prompt further investigation into the functional role of these N-terminus polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Wiseman
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Helen C Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M F Faull
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Clinton P Turner
- LabPlus, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Birger Victor Dieriks
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
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13
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Tarutani A, Hasegawa M. Ultrastructures of α-Synuclein Filaments in Synucleinopathy Brains and Experimental Models. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:15-29. [PMID: 37990381 PMCID: PMC10846975 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions are a neuropathological hallmark of Lewy body disease (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), both of which are termed synucleinopathies. LBD is defined by Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in neurons, while MSA displays glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes. Pathological α-syn adopts an ordered filamentous structure with a 5-10 nm filament diameter, and this conformational change has been suggested to be involved in the disease onset and progression. Synucleinopathies also exhibit characteristic ultrastructural and biochemical properties of α-syn filaments, and α-syn strains with distinct conformations have been identified. Numerous experimental studies have supported the idea that pathological α-syn self-amplifies and spreads throughout the brain, during which processes the conformation of α-syn filaments may drive the disease specificity. In this review, we summarize the ultrastructural features and heterogeneity of α-syn filaments in the brains of patients with synucleinopathy and in experimental models of seeded α-syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Saramowicz K, Siwecka N, Galita G, Kucharska-Lusina A, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Majsterek I. Alpha-Synuclein Contribution to Neuronal and Glial Damage in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:360. [PMID: 38203531 PMCID: PMC10778752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the widespread accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein aggregates. αSyn aggregation disrupts critical cellular processes, including synaptic function, mitochondrial integrity, and proteostasis, which culminate in neuronal cell death. Importantly, αSyn pathology extends beyond neurons-it also encompasses spreading throughout the neuronal environment and internalization by microglia and astrocytes. Once internalized, glia can act as neuroprotective scavengers, which limit the spread of αSyn. However, they can also become reactive, thereby contributing to neuroinflammation and the progression of PD. Recent advances in αSyn research have enabled the molecular diagnosis of PD and accelerated the development of targeted therapies. Nevertheless, despite more than two decades of research, the cellular function, aggregation mechanisms, and induction of cellular damage by αSyn remain incompletely understood. Unraveling the interplay between αSyn, neurons, and glia may provide insights into disease initiation and progression, which may bring us closer to exploring new effective therapeutic strategies. Herein, we provide an overview of recent studies emphasizing the multifaceted nature of αSyn and its impact on both neuron and glial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (N.S.); (G.G.); (A.K.-L.); (W.R.-K.)
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15
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Miller SA, Jeanne Dit Fouque K, Hard ER, Balana AT, Kaplan D, Voinov VG, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Anderson GA, Pratt MR, Fernandez-Lima F. Top/Middle-Down Characterization of α-Synuclein Glycoforms. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18039-18045. [PMID: 38047498 PMCID: PMC10836061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Proteomics studies of human brain samples have associated the modification of the O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to several synucleinopathies; in particular, the position of the O-GlcNAc can regulate protein aggregation and subsequent cell toxicity. There is a need for site specific O-GlcNAc α-synuclein screening tools to direct better therapeutic strategies. In the present work, for the first time, the potential of fast, high-resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) preseparation in tandem with mass spectrometry assisted by an electromagnetostatic (EMS) cell, capable of electron capture dissociation (ECD), and ultraviolet photodissociation (213 nm UVPD) is illustrated for the characterization of α-synuclein positional glycoforms: T72, T75, T81, and S87 modified with a single O-GlcNAc. Top-down 213 nm UVPD and ECD MS/MS experiments of the intact proteoforms showed specific product ions for each α-synuclein glycoforms associated with the O-GlcNAc position with a sequence coverage of ∼68 and ∼82%, respectively. TIMS-MS profiles of α-synuclein and the four glycoforms exhibited large structural heterogeneity and signature patterns across the 8+-15+ charge state distribution; however, while the α-synuclein positional glycoforms showed signature mobility profiles, they were only partially separated in the mobility domain. Moreover, a middle-down approach based on the Val40-Phe94 (55 residues) chymotrypsin proteolytic product using tandem TIMS-q-ECD-TOF MS/MS permitted the separation of the parent positional isomeric glycoforms. The ECD fragmentation of the ion mobility and m/z separated isomeric Val40-Phe94 proteolytic peptides with single O-GlcNAc in the T72, T75, T81, and S87 positions provided the O-GlcNAc confirmation and positional assignment with a sequence coverage of ∼80%. This method enables the high-throughput screening of positional glycoforms and further enhances the structural mass spectrometry toolbox with fast, high-resolution mobility separations and 213 nm UVPD and ECD fragmentation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Kevin Jeanne Dit Fouque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Eldon R Hard
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Aaron T Balana
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Desmond Kaplan
- KapScience LLC, Tewksbury, Massachusetts 01876, United States
| | | | - Mark E Ridgeway
- Bruker Daltonics Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Melvin A Park
- Bruker Daltonics Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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16
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Ivanisevic T, Sewduth RN. Multi-Omics Integration for the Design of Novel Therapies and the Identification of Novel Biomarkers. Proteomes 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 37873876 PMCID: PMC10594525 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics is a cutting-edge approach that combines data from different biomolecular levels, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic marks, to obtain a holistic view of how living systems work and interact. Multi-omics has been used for various purposes in biomedical research, such as identifying new diseases, discovering new drugs, personalizing treatments, and optimizing therapies. This review summarizes the latest progress and challenges of multi-omics for designing new treatments for human diseases, focusing on how to integrate and analyze multiple proteome data and examples of how to use multi-proteomics data to identify new drug targets. We also discussed the future directions and opportunities of multi-omics for developing innovative and effective therapies by deciphering proteome complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj N. Sewduth
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology (VIB), 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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17
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Abstract
Deposits of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) serve as a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau undergoes extensive remodeling. The attachment of post-translational modifications distributed throughout the entire sequence of the protein correlates with clinical presentation. A systematic examination of these protein alterations can shed light on their roles in both healthy and diseased states. However, the ability to access these modifications in the entire protein chain is limited as Tau can only be produced recombinantly or through semisynthesis. In this article, we describe the first chemical synthesis of the longest 2N4R isoform of Tau, consisting of 441 amino acids. The 2N4R Tau was divided into 3 major segments and a total of 11 fragments, all of which were prepared via solid-phase peptide synthesis. The successful chemical strategy has relied on the strategic use of two cysteine sites (C291 and C322) for the native chemical ligations (NCLs). This was combined with modern preparative protein chemistries, such as mercaptothreonine ligation (T205), diselenide-selenoester ligation (D358), and mutations of mercaptoamino acids into native residues via homogeneous radical desulfurization (A40, A77, A119, A157, A246, and A390). The successful completion of the synthesis has established a robust and scalable route to the native protein in multimilligram quantities and high purity. In broader terms, the presented strategy can be applied to the preparation of other shorter isoforms of Tau as well as to introduce all post-translational modifications that are characteristic of tauopathies such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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18
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Chaturvedi M, Raj R, Yadav SK, Srivastava T, Devi S, Dharmadana D, Valéry C, Sharma SK, Kumar D, Priya S. Implications of In Vitro Multi-Serine Phosphorylation of Alpha-Synuclein in Aggregation and Cytotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3103-3112. [PMID: 37562012 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications guide the functional diversity and identity of proteins. Phosphorylation is one such post-translational modification that has been reported in pathological proteins related to various neurodegenerative disorders such as α-synuclein (α-syn) phosphorylation in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. In α-syn, the phosphorylation has mostly been observed at S129; however, the occurrence of other serine modifications at S9, S42, and S87 is partially explored. In pathogenic conditions, where α-syn is phosphorylated by complex kinase pathways, multi-site modifications may happen and alter the mechanism of α-syn aggregation. Here, using Polo-like kinase 2 and G-protein coupled receptor kinase 4, the in vitro phosphorylation of α-syn was performed, which revealed multi-serine phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry with customized proteolytic digestion showed prominent phosphorylation at S129 and modifications at S87 and S42 with PLK2 and S87 with GRK4. The phosphorylation at the identified serine residues was further validated with NMR and western blotting. Multi-serine phosphorylation aggravates the aggregation potential of monomeric α-syn, seeding capacity, and cytotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cell line. This study proposes evidence for in vitro multi-site phosphorylation and its significance in α-syn aggregation, toxicity, and related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Chaturvedi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of BioMedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tulika Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shweta Devi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Durga Dharmadana
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Céline Valéry
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Sandeep K Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of BioMedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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19
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Janssen B, Tian G, Lengyel-Zhand Z, Hsieh CJ, Lougee MG, Riad A, Xu K, Hou C, Weng CC, Lopresti BJ, Kim HJ, Pagar VV, Ferrie JJ, Garcia BA, Mathis CA, Luk K, Petersson EJ, Mach RH. Identification of a Putative α-synuclein Radioligand Using an in silico Similarity Search. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:704-719. [PMID: 36991273 PMCID: PMC10527666 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies from our lab utilized an ultra-high throughput screening method to identify compound 1 as a small molecule that binds to alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) fibrils. The goal of the current study was to conduct a similarity search of 1 to identify structural analogs having improved in vitro binding properties for this target that could be labeled with radionuclides for both in vitro and in vivo studies for measuring α-synuclein aggregates. METHODS Using 1 as a lead compound in a similarity search, isoxazole derivative 15 was identified to bind to α-synuclein fibrils with high affinity in competition binding assays. A photocrosslinkable version was used to confirm binding site preference. Derivative 21, the iodo-analog of 15, was synthesized, and subsequently radiolabeled isotopologs [125I]21 and [11C]21 were successfully synthesized for use in in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. [125I]21 was used in radioligand binding studies in post-mortem Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain homogenates. In vivo imaging of an α-synuclein mouse model and non-human primates was performed with [11C]21. RESULTS In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies for a panel of compounds identified through a similarity search, were shown to correlate with Ki values obtained from in vitro binding studies. Improved affinity of isoxazole derivative 15 for α-synuclein binding site 9 was indicated by photocrosslinking studies with CLX10. Design and successful (radio)synthesis of iodo-analog 21 of isoxazole derivative 15 enabled further in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Kd values obtained in vitro with [125I]21 for α-synuclein and Aβ42 fibrils were 0.48 ± 0.08 nM and 2.47 ± 1.30 nM, respectively. [125I]21 showed higher binding in human postmortem PD brain tissue compared with AD tissue, and low binding in control brain tissue. Lastly, in vivo preclinical PET imaging showed elevated retention of [11C]21 in PFF-injected mouse brain. However, in PBS-injected control mouse brain, slow washout of the tracer indicates high non-specific binding. [11C]21 showed high initial brain uptake in a healthy non-human primate, followed by fast washout that may be caused by rapid metabolic rate (21% intact [11C]21 in blood at 5 min p.i.). CONCLUSION Through a relatively simple ligand-based similarity search, we identified a new radioligand that binds with high affinity (<10 nM) to α-synuclein fibrils and PD tissue. Although the radioligand has suboptimal selectivity for α-synuclein towards Aβ and high non-specific binding, we show here that a simple in silico approach is a promising strategy to identify novel ligands for target proteins in the CNS with the potential to be radiolabeled for PET neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guilong Tian
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zsofia Lengyel-Zhand
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marshall G Lougee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vinayak V Pagar
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John J Ferrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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20
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Siwecka N, Saramowicz K, Galita G, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Majsterek I. Inhibition of Protein Aggregation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Targeted Therapy for α-Synucleinopathy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2051. [PMID: 37631265 PMCID: PMC10459316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein abundant in the central nervous system. Physiologically, the protein regulates vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic terminals. Pathologies related to misfolding and aggregation of α-syn are referred to as α-synucleinopathies, and they constitute a frequent cause of neurodegeneration. The most common α-synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease (PD), is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-syn in the dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. This results in protein overload, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and, ultimately, neural cell apoptosis and neurodegeneration. To date, the available treatment options for PD are only symptomatic and rely on dopamine replacement therapy or palliative surgery. As the prevalence of PD has skyrocketed in recent years, there is a pending issue for development of new disease-modifying strategies. These include anti-aggregative agents that target α-syn directly (gene therapy, small molecules and immunization), indirectly (modulators of ER stress, oxidative stress and clearance pathways) or combine both actions (natural compounds). Herein, we provide an overview on the characteristic features of the structure and pathogenic mechanisms of α-syn that could be targeted with novel molecular-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (N.S.); (K.S.); (G.G.); (W.R.-K.)
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21
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Price DL, Khan A, Angers R, Cardenas A, Prato MK, Bani M, Bonhaus DW, Citron M, Biere AL. In vivo effects of the alpha-synuclein misfolding inhibitor minzasolmin supports clinical development in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:114. [PMID: 37460603 PMCID: PMC10352257 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct targeting of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) has emerged as a disease-modifying strategy for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies which is being approached using both small molecule compounds and ASYN-targeted biologics. Minzasolmin (UCB0599) is an orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant small molecule ASYN misfolding inhibitor in clinical development as a disease-modifying therapeutic for Parkinson's disease. Herein the results of preclinical evaluations of minzasolmin that formed the basis for subsequent clinical development are described. Pharmacokinetic evaluations of intraperitoneal 1 and 5 mg/kg minzasolmin in wildtype mice revealed parallel and dose-proportional exposures in brain and plasma. Three-month administration studies in the Line 61 transgenic mouse model of PD were conducted to measure ASYN pathology and other PD-relevant endpoints including markers of CNS inflammation, striatal DAT labeling and gait. Reductions in ASYN pathology were correlated with improved aspects of gait and balance, reductions in CNS inflammation marker abundance, and normalized striatal DAT levels. These findings provide support for human dose determinations and have informed the translational strategy for clinical trial design and biomarker selection for the ongoing clinical studies of minzasolmin in patients living with early-stage Parkinson's disease (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04658186; EudraCT Number 2020-003265).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Khan
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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22
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Norris V, Oláh J, Krylov SN, Uversky VN, Ovádi J. The Sherpa hypothesis: Phenotype-Preserving Disordered Proteins stabilize the phenotypes of neurons and oligodendrocytes. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37433867 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which can interact with many partner proteins, are central to many physiological functions and to various pathologies that include neurodegeneration. Here, we introduce the Sherpa hypothesis, according to which a subset of stable IDPs that we term Phenotype-Preserving Disordered Proteins (PPDP) play a central role in protecting cell phenotypes from perturbations. To illustrate and test this hypothesis, we computer-simulate some salient features of how cells evolve and differentiate in the presence of either a single PPDP or two incompatible PPDPs. We relate this virtual experiment to the pathological interactions between two PPDPs, α-synuclein and Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein/p25, in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the implications of the Sherpa hypothesis for aptamer-based therapies of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vic Norris
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, University of Rouen, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
| | - Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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23
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Coughlin DG, Irwin DJ. Fluid and Biopsy Based Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:932-954. [PMID: 37138160 PMCID: PMC10457253 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several advances in fluid and tissue-based biomarkers for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies have been made in the last several years. While work continues on species of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and other proteins which can be measured from spinal fluid and plasma samples, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence from peripheral tissue biopsies and alpha-synuclein seeding amplification assays (aSyn-SAA: including real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA)) now offer a crucial advancement in their ability to identify aSyn species in PD patients in a categorical fashion (i.e., of aSyn + vs aSyn -); to augment clinical diagnosis however, aSyn-specific assays that have quantitative relevance to pathological burden remain an unmet need. Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology is commonly found postmortem in PD, especially in those who develop dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Biofluid biomarkers for tau and amyloid beta species can detect AD co-pathology in PD and DLB, which does have relevance for prognosis, but further work is needed to understand the interplay of aSyn tau, amyloid beta, and other pathological changes to generate comprehensive biomarker profiles for patients in a manner translatable to clinical trial design and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9444 Medical Center Drive, ECOB 03-021, MCC 0886, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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24
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Düchs M, Blazevic D, Rechtsteiner P, Kenny C, Lamla T, Low S, Savistchenko J, Neumann M, Melki R, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Wyatt D, Igney F, Ciossek T. AAV-mediated expression of a new conformational anti-aggregated α-synuclein antibody prolongs survival in a genetic model of α-synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37322068 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion-like transmission of pathology in α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy is increasingly recognized as one potential mechanism to address disease progression. Active and passive immunotherapies targeting insoluble, aggregated α-synuclein are already being actively explored in the clinic with mixed outcomes so far. Here, we report the identification of 306C7B3, a highly selective, aggregate-specific α-synuclein antibody with picomolar affinity devoid of binding to the monomeric, physiologic protein. 306C7B3 binding is Ser129-phosphorylation independent and shows high affinity to several different aggregated α-synuclein polymorphs, increasing the likelihood that it can also bind to the pathological seeds assumed to drive disease progression in patients. In support of this, highly selective binding to pathological aggregates in postmortem brains of MSA patients was demonstrated, with no staining in samples from other human neurodegenerative diseases. To achieve CNS exposure of 306C7B3, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) based approach driving expression of the secreted antibody within the brain of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice was used. Widespread central transduction after intrastriatal inoculation was ensured by using the AAV2HBKO serotype, with transduction being spread to areas far away from the inoculation site. Treatment of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice at the age of 12 months demonstrated significantly increased survival, with 306C7B3 concentration reaching 3.9 nM in the cerebrospinal fluid. These results suggest that AAV-mediated expression of 306C7B3, targeting extracellular, presumably disease-propagating aggregates of α-synuclein, has great potential as a disease-modifying therapy for α-synucleinopathies as it ensures CNS exposure of the antibody, thereby mitigating the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Düchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dragica Blazevic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sarah Low
- Boehringer Ingelheim USA, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - David Wyatt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frederik Igney
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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25
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Chen B, Hasan MM, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Waliullah ASM, Ping Y, Zhang C, Oyama S, Mimi MA, Tomochika Y, Nagashima Y, Nakamura T, Kahyo T, Ogawa K, Kaneda D, Yoshida M, Setou M. UBL3 Interacts with Alpha-Synuclein in Cells and the Interaction Is Downregulated by the EGFR Pathway Inhibitor Osimertinib. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1685. [PMID: 37371780 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) acts as a post-translational modification (PTM) factor and regulates protein sorting into small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs have been reported as vectors for the pathology propagation of neurodegenerative diseases, such as α-synucleinopathies. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has been widely studied for its involvement in α-synucleinopathies. However, it is still unknown whether UBL3 interacts with α-syn, and is influenced by drugs or compounds. In this study, we investigated the interaction between UBL3 and α-syn, and any ensuing possible functional and pathological implications. We found that UBL3 can interact with α-syn by the Gaussia princeps based split luciferase complementation assay in cells and immunoprecipitation, while cysteine residues at its C-terminal, which are considered important as PTM factors for UBL3, were not essential for the interaction. The interaction was upregulated by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium exposure. In drug screen results, the interaction was significantly downregulated by the treatment of osimertinib. These results suggest that UBL3 interacts with α-syn in cells and is significantly downregulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway inhibitor osimertinib. Therefore, the UBL3 pathway may be a new therapeutic target for α-synucleinopathies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hengsen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - A S M Waliullah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yashuang Ping
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Soho Oyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mst Afsana Mimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuna Tomochika
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Nagashima
- Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa 252-0880, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daita Kaneda
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Yamanaka-19-14 Noyoricho, Toyohashi 441-8124, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
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26
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Matsui H, Ito S, Matsui H, Ito J, Gabdulkhaev R, Hirose M, Yamanaka T, Koyama A, Kato T, Tanaka M, Uemura N, Matsui N, Hirokawa S, Yoshihama M, Shimozawa A, Kubo SI, Iwasaki K, Hasegawa M, Takahashi R, Hirai K, Kakita A, Onodera O. Phosphorylation of α-synuclein at T64 results in distinct oligomers and exerts toxicity in models of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214652120. [PMID: 37252975 PMCID: PMC10266017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214652120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein accumulates in Lewy bodies, and this accumulation is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have indicated a causal role of α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of α-synuclein toxicity remain elusive. Here, we describe a novel phosphorylation site of α-synuclein at T64 and the detailed characteristics of this post-translational modification. T64 phosphorylation was enhanced in both PD models and human PD brains. T64D phosphomimetic mutation led to distinct oligomer formation, and the structure of the oligomer was similar to that of α-synuclein oligomer with A53T mutation. Such phosphomimetic mutation induced mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal disorder, and cell death in cells and neurodegeneration in vivo, indicating a pathogenic role of α-synuclein phosphorylation at T64 in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa251-8555, Japan
| | - Junko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Ramil Gabdulkhaev
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Akihide Koyama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kato
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Science Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Maiko Tanaka
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa251-8555, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirokawa
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshihama
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki889-1692, Japan
| | - Aki Shimozawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kubo
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa251-8555, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center, Eisei Hospital, Tokyo193-0942, Japan
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8577, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hirai
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa251-8555, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
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Pandit E, Das L, Das AK, Dolui S, Saha S, Pal U, Mondal A, Chowdhury J, Biswas SC, Maiti NC. Single point mutations at the S129 residue of α-synuclein and their effect on structure, aggregation, and neurotoxicity. Front Chem 2023; 11:1145877. [PMID: 37304685 PMCID: PMC10250651 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1145877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is an age-related neurological disorder, and the pathology of the disease is linked to different types of aggregates of α-synuclein or alpha-synuclein (aS), which is an intrinsically disordered protein. The C-terminal domain (residues 96-140) of the protein is highly fluctuating and possesses random/disordered coil conformation. Thus, the region plays a significant role in the protein's solubility and stability by an interaction with other parts of the protein. In the current investigation, we examined the structure and aggregation behavior of two artificial single point mutations at a C-terminal residue at position 129 that represent a serine residue in the wild-type human aS (wt aS). Circular Dichroism (CD) and Raman spectroscopy were performed to analyse the secondary structure of the mutated proteins and compare it to the wt aS. Thioflavin T assay and atomic force microscopy imaging helped in understanding the aggregation kinetics and type of aggregates formed. Finally, the cytotoxicity assay gave an idea about the toxicity of the aggregates formed at different stages of incubation due to mutations. Compared to wt aS, the mutants S129A and S129W imparted structural stability and showed enhanced propensity toward the α-helical secondary structure. CD analysis showed proclivity of the mutant proteins toward α-helical conformation. The enhancement of α-helical propensity lengthened the lag phase of fibril formation. The growth rate of β-sheet-rich fibrillation was also reduced. Cytotoxicity tests on SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines established that the S129A and S129W mutants and their aggregates were potentially less toxic than wt aS. The average survivability rate was ∼40% for cells treated with oligomers (presumably formed after 24 h of incubation of the freshly prepared monomeric protein solution) produced from wt aS and ∼80% for cells treated with oligomers obtained from mutant proteins. The relative structural stability with α-helical propensity of the mutants could be a plausible reason for their slow rate of oligomerization and fibrillation, and this was also the possible reason for reduced toxicity to neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Pandit
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Anoy Kumar Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Dolui
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Saumen Saha
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Uttam Pal
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Animesh Mondal
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Subhas C. Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nakul C. Maiti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
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28
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Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Bellucci A. Alpha synuclein post translational modifications: potential targets for Parkinson's disease therapy? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197853. [PMID: 37305556 PMCID: PMC10248004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. The neuropathological alterations characterizing the brain of patients with PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB), intraneuronal inclusions that are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. The accumulation of α-Syn in insoluble aggregates is a main neuropathological feature in PD and in other neurodegenerative diseases, including LB dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are therefore defined as synucleinopathies. Compelling evidence supports that α-Syn post translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination and C-terminal cleavage, play important roles in the modulation α-Syn aggregation, solubility, turnover and membrane binding. In particular, PTMs can impact on α-Syn conformational state, thus supporting that their modulation can in turn affect α-Syn aggregation and its ability to seed further soluble α-Syn fibrillation. This review focuses on the importance of α-Syn PTMs in PD pathophysiology but also aims at highlighting their general relevance as possible biomarkers and, more importantly, as innovative therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. In addition, we call attention to the multiple challenges that we still need to face to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches modulating α-Syn PTMs.
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29
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Balana AT, Mahul-Mellier AL, Nguyen BA, Horvath M, Javed A, Hard ER, Jasiqi Y, Singh P, Afrin S, Pedretti R, Singh V, Lee VMY, Luk KC, Saelices L, Lashuel HA, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAc modification forces the formation of an α-Synuclein amyloid-strain with notably diminished seeding activity and pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531573. [PMID: 36945566 PMCID: PMC10028859 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of amyloid fibril formation remains one of the primary targets for developing diagnostics and treatments for several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Amyloid-forming proteins such α-Synuclein and Tau, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, can form different types of fibril structure, or strains, that exhibit distinct structures, toxic properties, seeding activities, and pathology spreading patterns in the brain. Therefore, understanding the molecular and structural determinants contributing to the formation of different amyloid strains or their distinct features could open new avenues for developing disease-specific diagnostics and therapies. In this work, we report that O-GlcNAc modification of α-Synuclein monomers results in the formation of amyloid fibril with distinct core structure, as revealed by Cryo-EM, and diminished seeding activity in seeding-based neuronal and rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Although the mechanisms underpinning the seeding neutralization activity of the O-GlcNAc modified fibrils remain unclear, our in vitro mechanistic studies indicate that heat shock proteins interactions with O-GlcNAc fibril inhibit their seeding activity, suggesting that the O-GlcNAc modification may alter the interactome of the α-Synuclein fibrils in ways that lead to reduce seeding activity in vivo. Our results show that post-translational modifications, such as O-GlcNAc modification, of α-Synuclein are key determinants of α-Synuclein amyloid strains and pathogenicity. These findings have significant implications for how we investigate and target amyloids in the brain and could possibly explain the lack of correlation between amyloid burden and neurodegeneration or cognitive decline in some subtypes of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Balana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Mahul-Mellier
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland CH-1015
| | - Binh A Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX-75390
| | - Mian Horvath
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Afraah Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Eldon R. Hard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Yllza Jasiqi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland CH-1015
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX-75390
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX-75390
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX-75390
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX-75390
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin C. Luk
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX-75390
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland CH-1015
| | - Matthew R. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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30
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Amagai R, Yoshioka S, Otomo R, Nagano H, Hashimoto N, Sakakibara R, Tanaka T, Okado-Matsumoto A. Post-translational modification of lysine residues in erythrocyte α-synuclein. J Biochem 2023; 173:177-184. [PMID: 36469357 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a protein linked to various synuclein-associated diseases ('synucleinopathies'), including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy Bodies and multiple system atrophy, and is highly expressed in the central nervous system and in erythrocytes. Moreover, α-synuclein-containing erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles may be involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies and their progression across the blood-brain barrier. Several post-translational modifications of α-synuclein have been reported in brain inclusions, including S129 phosphorylation, but fewer have been found in erythrocytes. In this study, we analysed the post-translational modifications of erythrocyte α-synuclein using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that all lysine residues in the α-synuclein protein could be modified by acetylation, glycation, ubiquitination or SUMOylation but that phosphorylation, nitration and acylation were uncommon minor post-translational modifications in erythrocytes. Since the post-translational modification of lysine residues has been implicated in both membrane association and protein clearance, our findings provide new insight into how synucleinopathies may progress and suggest possible therapeutic strategies designed to target α-synuclein.
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Key Words
- Parkinson’s disease
- erythrocyte
- post-translational modification
- synucleinopathy
- α-synuclein.Abbreviations: aa, amino acids; AGE, advanced glycation end product; BBB, blood–brain barrier; CML, Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-lysine; CNS, central nervous system; EVs, extracellular vesicles; IP, immunoprecipitation; LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PTM, post-translational modification; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Amagai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Riki Otomo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nagano
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryuji Sakakibara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ayako Okado-Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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31
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Khan Z, Ali SA. Isocyanate induces cytotoxicity via activation of phosphorylated alpha synuclein protein, nitrosative stress, and apoptotic pathway in Parkinson's Disease model-SHSY-5Y cells. Neurol Res 2023; 45:676-687. [PMID: 36827495 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2181919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic disorders account for a significant portion of the diseases that influence the worldwide disease burden. Parkinson's disease is one such disease that is linked with environmental toxin exposure. Isocyanates are a highly reactive industrial intermediate used widely in manufacturing plastic products, paints, etc. This study aims to delineate the neurotoxic potential of isocyanate in Parkinson's cell model-SHSY-5Y cells. METHODOLOGY SHSY-5Y cells were treated with isocyanate analogue (N succinimidyl N methyl carbamate) in time and dose dependant manner. Different parameters were assessed like protein expression, nitrosative stress level, antioxidant enzymes level and apoptosis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that dose- and time-dependent isocyanate exposure increases reactive nitrogen species and decreases the glutathione, SOD, and catalase levels. Further, increased phosphorylated alpha-synuclein protein and activation of caspase 3 exert cytotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. CONCLUSION Our research reveals that widely used isocyanate induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis, nitrosative stress, and protein dysfunction, which might constitute a potential mechanism of neurodegeneration in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
| | - Sharique A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
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32
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Schaffrath A, Schleyken S, Seger A, Jergas H, Özdüzenciler P, Pils M, Blömeke L, Cousin A, Willbold J, Bujnicki T, Bannach O, Fink GR, Willbold D, Sommerauer M, Barbe MT, Tamgüney G. Patients with isolated REM-sleep behavior disorder have elevated levels of alpha-synuclein aggregates in stool. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 36732520 PMCID: PMC9895074 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein is a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, α-synuclein aggregates are regarded as a biomarker for the development of diagnostic assays. Quantification of α-synuclein aggregates in body fluids is challenging, and requires highly sensitive and specific assays. Recent studies suggest that α-synuclein aggregates may be shed into stool. We used surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) to detect and quantify single particles of α-synuclein aggregates in stool of 94 PD patients, 72 isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients, and 51 healthy controls. We measured significantly elevated concentrations of α-synuclein aggregates in stool of iRBD patients versus those of controls (p = 0.024) or PD patients (p < 0.001). Our results show that α-synuclein aggregates are excreted in stool and can be measured using the sFIDA assay, which could support the diagnosis of prodromal synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schaffrath
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sophia Schleyken
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923, Köln, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923, Köln, Germany
| | - Hannah Jergas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923, Köln, Germany
| | - Pelin Özdüzenciler
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marlene Pils
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Blömeke
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anneliese Cousin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tuyen Bujnicki
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Bannach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- attyloid GmbH, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923, Köln, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923, Köln, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923, Köln, Germany
| | - Gültekin Tamgüney
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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33
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Zhang S, Zhu R, Pan B, Xu H, Olufemi MF, Gathagan RJ, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xiang W, Kagan EM, Cao X, Yuan C, Kim SJ, Williams CK, Magaki S, Vinters HV, Lashuel HA, Garcia BA, James Petersson E, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Peng C. Post-translational modifications of soluble α-synuclein regulate the amplification of pathological α-synuclein. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:213-225. [PMID: 36690898 PMCID: PMC10103650 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transmission and subsequent amplification of pathological proteins promote neurodegenerative disease progression. Most research on this has focused on pathological protein seeds, but how their normal counterparts, which are converted to pathological forms during transmission, regulate transmission is less understood. Here we show in cultured cells that phosphorylation of soluble, nonpathological α-synuclein (α-Syn) at previously identified sites dramatically affects the amplification of pathological α-Syn, which underlies Parkinson's disease and other α-synucleinopathies, in a conformation- and phosphorylation site-specific manner. We performed LC-MS/MS analyses on soluble α-Syn purified from Parkinson's disease and other α-synucleinopathies, identifying many new α-Syn post-translational modifications (PTMs). In addition to phosphorylation, acetylation of soluble α-Syn also modified pathological α-Syn transmission in a site- and conformation-specific manner. Moreover, phosphorylation of soluble α-Syn could modulate the seeding properties of pathological α-Syn. Our study represents the first systematic analysis how of soluble α-Syn PTMs affect the spreading and amplification of pathological α-Syn, which may affect disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruowei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Buyan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Modupe F Olufemi
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J Gathagan
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuanxi Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Mathematics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Zhang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenxuan Xiang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eliot Masahiro Kagan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Soo-Jung Kim
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher K Williams
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shino Magaki
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, and Brain Research Institute, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Liquid-liquid Phase Separation of α-Synuclein: A New Mechanistic Insight for α-Synuclein Aggregation Associated with Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167713. [PMID: 35787838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant aggregation of the misfolded presynaptic protein, α-Synuclein (α-Syn) into Lewy body (LB) and Lewy neuritis (LN) is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Numerous studies have suggested that prefibrillar and fibrillar species of the misfolded α-Syn aggregates are responsible for cell death in PD pathogenesis. However, the precise molecular events during α-Syn aggregation, especially in the early stages, remain elusive. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of α-Syn occurs in the nucleation step of α-Syn aggregation, which offers an alternate non-canonical aggregation pathway in the crowded microenvironment. The liquid-like α-Syn droplets gradually undergo an irreversible liquid-to-solid phase transition into amyloid-like hydrogel entrapping oligomers and fibrils. This new mechanism of α-Syn LLPS and gel formation might represent the molecular basis of cellular toxicity associated with PD. This review aims to demonstrate the recent development of α-Syn LLPS, the underlying mechanism along with the microscopic events of aberrant phase transition. This review further discusses how several intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulate the thermodynamics and kinetics of α-Syn LLPS and co-LLPS with other proteins, which might explain the pathophysiology of α-Syn in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Review on the interactions between dopamine metabolites and α-Synuclein in causing Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105461. [PMID: 36460239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by an abnormal post-translational modifications (PTM) in amino acid sequence and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) protein. It is generally believed that dopamine (DA) metabolite in dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons promotes the aggregation of toxic α-Syn oligomers and protofibrils, whereas DA inhibits the formation of toxic fibers and even degrades the toxic fibers. Therefore, the study on interaction between DA metabolites and α-Syn oligomers is one of the current hot topics in neuroscience, because this effect may have direct relevance to the selective DAergic neuron loss in PD. Several mechanisms have been reported for DA metabolites induced α-Syn oligomers viz. i) The reactive oxygen species (ROS) released during the auto-oxidation or enzymatic oxidation of DA changes the structure of α-Syn by the oxidation of amino acid residue leading to misfolding, ii) The oxidized DA metabolites directly interact with α-Syn through covalent or non-covalent bonding leading to the formation of oligomers, iii) DA interacts with lipid or autophagy related proteins to decreases the degradation efficiency of α-Syn aggregates. However, there is no clear-cut mechanism proposed for the interaction between DA and α-Syn. However, it is believed that the lysine (Lys) side chain of α-Syn sequence is the initial trigger site for the oligomer formation. Herein, we review different chemical mechanism involved during the interaction of Lys side chain of α-Syn with DA metabolites such as dopamine-o-quinone (DAQ), dopamine-chrome (DAC), dopamine-aldehyde (DOPAL) and neuromelanin. This review also provides the promotive effect of divalent Cu2+ ions on DA metabolites induced α-Syn oligomers and its inhibition effect by antioxidant glutathione (GSH).
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Bagree G, De Silva O, Liyanage PD, Ramarathinam SH, Sharma SK, Bansal V, Ramanathan R. α-synuclein as a potential biomarker for developing diagnostic tools against neurodegenerative disorders. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Arlinghaus R, Iba M, Masliah E, Cookson MR, Landeck N. Specific Detection of Physiological S129 Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Tissue Using Proximity Ligation Assay. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:255-270. [PMID: 36847016 PMCID: PMC10041430 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that are pathologically characterized by intracellular aggregates called Lewy bodies. Lewy bodies are primarily composed of α-synuclein (asyn) protein, which is mostly phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129) when aggregated and therefore used as a marker for pathology. Currently commercial antibodies against pS129 asyn stain aggregates well but in healthy brains cross react with other proteins, thus making it difficult to specifically detect physiological pS129 asyn. OBJECTIVE To develop a staining procedure that detects endogenous and physiological relevant pS129 asyn with high specificity and low background. METHODS We used the fluorescent and brightfield in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) to specifically detect pS129 asyn in cell culture, mouse, and human brain sections. RESULTS The pS129 asyn PLA specifically stained physiological and soluble pS129 asyn in cell culture, mouse brain sections, and human brain tissue without significant cross-reactivity or background signal. However, this technique was not successful in detecting Lewy bodies in human brain tissue. CONCLUSION We successfully developed a novel PLA method that can, in the future, be used on in vitro and in vivo samples as a tool to explore and better understand the cellular localization and function of pS129 asyn in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Arlinghaus
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michiyo Iba
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalie Landeck
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wu L, Gilyazova N, Ervin JF, Wang SHJ, Xu B. Site-Specific Phospho-Tau Aggregation-Based Biomarker Discovery for AD Diagnosis and Differentiation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3281-3290. [PMID: 36350059 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau aggregates are present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases known as "tauopathies," including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PiD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Such misfolded tau aggregates are therefore potential sources for tauopathy biomarker discovery. Using the tau antibody screening approach targeting high-molecular-weight misfolded tau aggregates, we tested several tau antibodies and a comprehensive set of site-specific phospho-tau (p-tau) antibodies targeting tau phosphorylation sites showing high frequencies in AD subjects. Our screens revealed that site-specific p-tau antibodies can not only differentiate AD from non-AD brains, but also discriminate AD from rare tauopathies PiD, PSP, and CBD brains. Differential detection of tau aggregates identified several novel p-tau sites as potential new biomarkers. As a proof-of-principle example, we showed that p-tau198 is a novel promising AD biomarker with sensitivity and specificity comparable with the existing biomarkers p-tau181 and p-tau217. Our results demonstrated that p-tau198 detection can not only differentiate AD from non-AD controls, but also diagnose AD from related 4R tauopathies PSP and CBD with AUCs of 0.96-0.99 (95% CI ranges from 0.90 to 1.00). Promisingly, p-tau198 was able to discriminate mild cognitive impairment from cognitively normal brains with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.58-0.92). Our work provides a new avenue for developing diagnosis and differentiation tools for AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States.,Duke/UNC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Nailya Gilyazova
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - John F Ervin
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Untied States.,Duke/UNC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Shih-Hsiu J Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Untied States.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States.,Duke/UNC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Bin Xu
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States.,Duke/UNC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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39
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Chen WR, Chen JC, Chang SY, Chao CT, Wu YR, Chen CM, Chou C. Phosphorylated α-synuclein in diluted human serum as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Biomed J 2022; 45:914-922. [PMID: 34974168 PMCID: PMC9795354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, which characterized by increased pathological marker protein, α-synuclein (α-syn) and phosphorylated-Ser129-α-syn in the extracellular fluids. Current methods of measuring the p-Ser129-α-syn concentration in cerebrospinal fluid for PD are based on ELISA method, however, the amount of area under the curve (AUC) to predict PD is around 0.7-0.8. Higher confidence level of AUC in p-Ser129-α-syn quantification for the early diagnosis of PD would be essential. METHODS Detection of p-Ser129-α-syn in diluted human serum for diagnosis of PD was investigated by a modified paired surface plasma wave biosensor (PSPWB) using a quarter wave plate for better detection performance. The method combining an immunoassay and non-labeled technique measures the p-Ser129-α-syn level with high sensitivity and specificity. Ten patients with PD at early stage (Hohn & Yahr stage I and II) and 11 age-matched healthy control participants were recruited for measurement of serum p-Ser129-α-syn. RESULTS AUC of the p-Ser129-α-syn in diluted human serum was 0.92 and it shows that p-Ser129-α-syn in diluted human serum could be used as a sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of PD in clinics. Results clearly show that the measured p-Ser129-α-syn concentration in diluted human serum displays a statistical significance between health control subjects and PD patients. CONCLUSIONS P-Ser129-α-syn has low abundance in human serum, high detection sensitivity and specificity are critical to the success of the diagnosis of PD in clinics. In this study, a modified PSPWB was developed that the limit of detection at 1 ng/mL for p-Ser129-α-syn (standard) spiked into diluted human serum of a healthy control was performed. This result shows that the modified PSPWB can be used as a platform for detecting p-Ser129-α-syn in diluted human serum as a potential biomarker for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ru Chen
- PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yi Chang
- PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,The General Education Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tse Chao
- Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Gueishan, Taoyuan 333 Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Gueishan, Taoyuan 333 Taiwan.
| | - Chien Chou
- PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Gueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Reimer L, Gram H, Jensen NM, Betzer C, Yang L, Jin L, Shi M, Boudeffa D, Fusco G, De Simone A, Kirik D, Lashuel HA, Zhang J, Jensen PH. Protein kinase R dependent phosphorylation of α-synuclein regulates its membrane binding and aggregation. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac259. [PMID: 36712380 PMCID: PMC9802061 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulates in the neuronal Lewy body (LB) inclusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) and LB dementia. Yet, under nonpathological conditions, monomeric α-syn is hypothesized to exist in an equilibrium between disordered cytosolic- and partially α-helical lipid-bound states: a feature presumably important in synaptic vesicle release machinery. The exact underlying role of α-syn in these processes, and the mechanisms regulating membrane-binding of α-syn remains poorly understood. Herein we demonstrate that Protein kinase R (PKR) can phosphorylate α-syn at several Ser/Thr residues located in the membrane-binding region that is essential for α-syn's vesicle-interactions. α-Syn phosphorylated by PKR or α-syn isolated from PKR overexpressing cells, exhibit decreased binding to lipid membranes. Phosphorylation of Thr64 and Thr72 appears as the major contributor to this effect, as the phosphomimetic Thr64Glu/Thr72Glu-α-syn mutant displays reduced overall attachment to brain vesicles due to a decrease in vesicle-affinity of the last two thirds of α-syn's membrane binding region. This allows enhancement of the "double-anchor" vesicle-binding mechanism that tethers two vesicles and thus promote the clustering of presynaptic vesicles in vitro. Furthermore, phosphomimetic Thr64Glu/Thr72Glu-α-syn inhibits α-syn oligomerization and completely abolishes nucleation, elongation, and seeding of α-syn fibrillation in vitro and in cells, and prevents trans-synaptic spreading of aggregated α-syn pathology in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Overall, our findings demonstrate that normal and abnormal functions of α-syn, like membrane-binding, synaptic vesicle clustering and aggregation can be regulated by phosphorylation, e.g., via PKR. Mechanisms that could potentially be modulated for the benefit of patients suffering from α-syn aggregate-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hjalte Gram
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nanna Møller Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cristine Betzer
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Lorrain Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Driss Boudeffa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuliana Fusco
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98195, USA,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Opportunities and challenges of alpha-synuclein as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 35869066 PMCID: PMC9307631 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, develops and progresses for 10–15 years before the clinical diagnostic symptoms of the disease are manifested. Furthermore, several aspects of PD pathology overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) linked to alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation, also called synucleinopathies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and validate early diagnostic and prognostic markers that reflect disease pathophysiology, progression, severity, and potential differences in disease mechanisms between PD and other NDDs. The close association between aSyn and the development of pathology in synucleinopathies, along with the identification of aSyn species in biological fluids, has led to increasing interest in aSyn species as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD and differentiate it from other synucleinopathies. In this review, we (1) provide an overview of the progress toward mapping the distribution of aSyn species in the brain, peripheral tissues, and biological fluids; (2) present comparative and critical analysis of previous studies that measured total aSyn as well as other species such as modified and aggregated forms of aSyn in different biological fluids; and (3) highlight conceptual and technical gaps and challenges that could hinder the development and validation of reliable aSyn biomarkers; and (4) outline a series of recommendations to address these challenges. Finally, we propose a combined biomarker approach based on integrating biochemical, aggregation and structure features of aSyn, in addition to other biomarkers of neurodegeneration. We believe that capturing the diversity of aSyn species is essential to develop robust assays and diagnostics for early detection, patient stratification, monitoring of disease progression, and differentiation between synucleinopathies. This could transform clinical trial design and implementation, accelerate the development of new therapies, and improve clinical decisions and treatment strategies.
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Petricca L, Chiki N, Hanna-El-Daher L, Aeschbach L, Burai R, Stoops E, Fares MB, Lashuel HA. Comparative Analysis of Total Alpha-Synuclein (αSYN) Immunoassays Reveals That They Do Not Capture the Diversity of Modified αSYN Proteoforms. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1449-1462. [PMID: 35527570 PMCID: PMC9398082 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The development of therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease (PD) requires the establishment of biomarker assays to enable stratifying patients, monitoring disease progression, and assessing target engagement. Attempts to develop diagnostic assays based on detecting levels of the α-synuclein (αSYN) protein, a central player in the pathogenesis of PD, have yielded inconsistent results. Objective: To determine whether the three commercial kits that have been extensively used for total αSYN quantification in human biological fluids (from Euroimmun, MSD, and Biolegend) are capable of capturing the diversity and complexity of relevant αSYN proteoforms. Methods: We investigated and compared the ability of the different assays to detect the diversity of αSYN proteoforms using a library of αSYN proteins that comprise the majority of disease-relevant αSYN variants and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Results: Our findings showed that none of the three tested immunoassays accurately capture the totality of relevant αSYN species, and that these assays are unable to recognize most disease-associated C-terminally truncated variants of αSYN. Moreover, several N-terminal truncations and phosphorylation/nitration PTMs differentially modify the level of αSYN detection and recovery by different immunoassays, and a CSF matrix effect was observed for most of the αSYN proteoforms analyzed by the three immunoassays. Conclusion: Our results show that the tested immunoassays do not capture the totality of the relevant αSYN species and therefore may not be appropriate tools to provide an accurate measure of total αSYN levels in samples containing modified forms of the protein. This highlights the need for next generation αSYN immunoassays that capture the diversity of αSYN proteoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nour Chiki
- ND Biosciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Layane Hanna-El-Daher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorène Aeschbach
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ritwik Burai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences NV, Technologiepark 94 - Bio Incubator, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Hilal A Lashuel
- ND Biosciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tarutani A, Adachi T, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hasegawa K, Saito Y, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Yoshida M, Murayama S, Hasegawa M. Ultrastructural and biochemical classification of pathogenic tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:613-640. [PMID: 35513543 PMCID: PMC9107452 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins with conformational changes is the defining neuropathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic proteins that accumulate in patients' brains adopt an amyloid-like fibrous structure and exhibit various ultrastructural features. The biochemical analysis of pathogenic proteins in sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from patients' brains also shows disease-specific features. Intriguingly, these ultrastructural and biochemical features are common within the same disease group. These differences among the pathogenic proteins extracted from patients' brains have important implications for definitive diagnosis of the disease, and also suggest the existence of pathogenic protein strains that contribute to the heterogeneity of pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent experimental evidence has shown that prion-like propagation of these pathogenic proteins from host cells to recipient cells underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The reproduction of the pathological features that characterize each disease in cellular and animal models of prion-like propagation also implies that the structural differences in the pathogenic proteins are inherited in a prion-like manner. In this review, we summarize the ultrastructural and biochemical features of pathogenic proteins extracted from the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that accumulate abnormal forms of tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43, and we discuss how these disease-specific properties are maintained in the brain, based on recent experimental insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tadashi Adachi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David M A Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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Lu J, Wang C, Cheng X, Wang R, Yan X, He P, Chen H, Yu Z. A breakdown in microglial metabolic reprogramming causes internalization dysfunction of α-synuclein in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:113. [PMID: 35599331 PMCID: PMC9124408 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The α-synuclein released by neurons activates microglia, which then engulfs α-synuclein for degradation via autophagy. Reactive microglia are a major pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), although the exact role of microglia in the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels are nonselective cation channel protein that have been proposed as neuroprotective targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Using metabolic profiling, microglia energy metabolism was measured including oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. The mRFP-GFP-tagged LC3 reporter was introduced to characterize the role of TRPV1 in microglial autophagy. α-synuclein preformed fibril (PFF) TRPV1flox/flox; Cx3cr1Cre mouse model of sporadic PD were employed to study the capacity of TRPV1 activation to attenuate neurodegeneration process. Results We found that acute exposure to PFF caused microglial activation as a result of metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis via the AKT–mTOR–HIF-1α pathway. Activated microglia eventually reached a state of chronic PFF-tolerance, accompanied by broad defects in energy metabolism. We showed that metabolic boosting by treatment with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin rescued metabolic impairments in PFF-tolerant microglia and also defects in mitophagy caused by disruption of the AKT–mTOR–HIF-1α pathway. Capsaicin attenuated phosphorylation of α-synuclein in primary neurons by boosting phagocytosis in PFF-tolerant microglia in vitro. Finally, we found that behavioral deficits and loss of dopaminergic neurons were accelerated in the PFF TRPV1flox/flox; Cx3cr1Cre mouse model of sporadic PD. We identified defects in energy metabolism, mitophagy and phagocytosis of PFF in microglia from the substantia nigra pars compacta of TRPV1flox/flox; Cx3cr1Cre mice. Conclusion The findings suggest that modulating microglial metabolism might be a new therapeutic strategy for PD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02484-0.
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Zhao X, He H, Xiong X, Ye Q, Feng F, Zhou S, Chen W, Xia K, Qian S, Yang Y, Xie C. Lewy Body-Associated Proteins A-Synuclein (a-syn) as a Plasma-Based Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869797. [PMID: 35645787 PMCID: PMC9133668 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore the combined diagnostic value of plasma Lewy body-associated proteins (p-Asyn at ser129, total α-syn, and oligomeric α-syn) for the diagnosis of PD versus healthy controls (HCs) and other PD syndromes (PDs), as well as clinical characteristics prediction. Methods This study included 145 participants: 79 patients with PD, 24 patients with PDs, and 42 HCs. A panel of plasma levels of p-Asyn, total α-syn, and oligomeric α-syn was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary outcome was the discriminative accuracy of the combined three plasma biomarkers for PD. Results The mean age was 65.43 (SD, 7.467) in the control group, 64.49 (SD, 8.224) in participants with PD, and 69.25 (SD, 7.952) in PDs. The plasma Lewy body-associated protein levels were significantly higher in patients with PD than in age-matched HCs, However, there was no difference in patients with PD and PDs. Of note, a combination of plasma p-Asyn, total α-syn, and oligomeric α-syn was a better biomarker for discriminating PD from HCs, with an AUC of 0.8552 (p < 0.0001, 95%CI, 0.7635–0.9409), which was significantly higher than plasma p-Asyn (ΔAUC, 0.1797), total α-syn (ΔAUC, 0.0891) and oligomeric α-syn (ΔAUC, 0.1592) alone. Meanwhile, Lewy body-associated proteins had no connections between different motor stages and dementia performances. Conclusion Our results suggested that plasma Lewy body-associated proteins, may serve as a non-invasive biomarker to aid the diagnosis of PD from HCs. In addition, increased plasma Lewy body-associated proteins were not associated with the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haijun He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangjie Qian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunjun Yang,
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, China
- Chenglong Xie,
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Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and consequent organ dysfunction is the central event in amyloidogenic diseases. Such protein aggregation may be brought about by conformational changes, and much attention has been directed toward factors like metal binding, post-translational modifications, mutations of protein etc., which eventually affect the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the associated proteins. Over the past decade, a global effort from different groups working on these misfolded/unfolded proteins/peptides has revealed that the amino acid residues in the second coordination sphere of the active sites of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides cause changes in H-bonding pattern or protein-protein interactions, which dramatically alter the structure and reactivity of these proteins/peptides. These second sphere effects not only determine the binding of transition metals and cofactors, which define the pathology of some of these diseases, but also change the mechanism of redox reactions catalyzed by these proteins/peptides and form the basis of oxidative damage associated with these amyloidogenic diseases. The present review seeks to discuss such second sphere modifications and their ramifications in the etiopathology of some representative amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Pons ML, Loftus N, Vialaret J, Moreau S, Lehmann S, Hirtz C. Proteomics Challenges for the Assessment of Synuclein Proteoforms as Clinical Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:818606. [PMID: 35431896 PMCID: PMC9009522 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.818606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a multifaceted clinical presentation which includes bradykinesia combined with either rest tremor, rigidity, or both, as well as many non-motor symptoms. The motor features of the disorder are associated with the pathological form of alpha synuclein aggregates and fibrils in Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease is increasingly considered as a group of underlying disorders with unique genetic, biological, and molecular abnormalities that are likely to respond differentially to a given therapeutic approach. For this reason, it is clinically challenging to treat and at present, no therapy can slow down or arrest the progression of Parkinson’s disease. There is a clear unmet clinical need to develop reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. When disease-modifying treatments become available, prognostic biomarkers are required to support a definitive diagnosis and clinical intervention during the long prodromal period as no clinical implications or symptoms are observed. Robust diagnostic biomarkers would also be useful to monitor treatment response. Potential biomarkers for the sporadic form of Parkinson’s disease have mostly included synuclein species (monomer, oligomer, phosphorylated, Lewy Body enriched fraction and isoforms). In this review, we consider the analysis of synuclein and its proteoforms in biological samples using proteomics techniques (immunoassay and mass spectrometry) applied to neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Pons
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Shimadzu Corporation, Duisburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie-Laure Pons,
| | - Neil Loftus
- Shimadzu Corporation, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Vialaret
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Grosso Jasutkar H, Oh SE, Mouradian MM. Therapeutics in the Pipeline Targeting α-Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:207-237. [PMID: 35017177 PMCID: PMC11034868 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the fastest growing neurologic disease in the world, yet no disease-modifying therapy is available for this disabling condition. Multiple lines of evidence implicate the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the pathogenesis of PD, and as such, there is intense interest in targeting α-Syn for potential disease modification. α-Syn is also a key pathogenic protein in other synucleionpathies, most commonly dementia with Lewy bodies. Thus, therapeutics targeting this protein will have utility in these disorders as well. Here we discuss the various approaches that are being investigated to prevent and mitigate α-Syn toxicity in PD, including clearing its pathologic aggregates from the brain using immunization strategies, inhibiting its misfolding and aggregation, reducing its expression level, enhancing cellular clearance mechanisms, preventing its cell-to-cell transmission within the brain and perhaps from the periphery, and targeting other proteins associated with or implicated in PD that contribute to α-Syn toxicity. We also discuss the therapeutics in the pipeline that harness these strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the field in the discovery and development of therapeutics for disease modification in PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, for which disease-modifying therapies remain a major unmet need. A large body of evidence points to α-synuclein as a key pathogenic protein in this disease as well as in dementia with Lewy bodies, making it of leading therapeutic interest. This review discusses the various approaches being investigated and progress made to date toward discovering and developing therapeutics that would slow and stop progression of these disabling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Grosso Jasutkar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Stephanie E Oh
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - M Maral Mouradian
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Gadhe L, Sakunthala A, Mukherjee S, Gahlot N, Bera R, Sawner AS, Kadu P, Maji SK. Intermediates of α-synuclein aggregation: Implications in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106736. [PMID: 34923391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic deposition of aberrantly misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a common feature of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise pathogenic mechanism of α-Syn in synucleinopathies remains elusive. Emerging evidence has suggested that α-Syn may contribute to PD pathogenesis in several ways; wherein the contribution of fibrillar species, for exerting toxicity and disease transmission, cannot be neglected. Further, the oligomeric species could be the most plausible neurotoxic species causing neuronal cell death. However, understanding the structural and molecular insights of these oligomers are very challenging due to the heterogeneity and transient nature of the species. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in understanding the formation and role of α-Syn oligomers in PD pathogenesis. We also summarize the different types of α-Syn oligomeric species and potential mechanisms to exert neurotoxicity. Finally, we address the possible ways to target α-Syn as a promising approach against PD and the possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nitisha Gahlot
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Riya Bera
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ajay Singh Sawner
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Smith BJ, Silva-Costa LC, Martins-de-Souza D. Human disease biomarker panels through systems biology. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1179-1190. [PMID: 35059036 PMCID: PMC8724340 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As more uses for biomarkers are sought after for an increasing number of disease targets, single-target biomarkers are slowly giving way for biomarker panels. These panels incorporate various sources of biomolecular and clinical data to guarantee a higher robustness and power of separation for a clinical test. Multifactorial diseases such as psychiatric disorders show great potential for clinical use, assisting medical professionals during the analysis of risk and predisposition, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment applicability and efficacy. More specific tests are also being developed to assist in ruling out, distinguishing between, and confirming suspicions of multifactorial diseases, as well as to predict which therapy option may be the best option for a given patient's biochemical profile. As more complex datasets are entering the field, involving multi-omic approaches, systems biology has stepped in to facilitate the discovery and validation steps during biomarker panel generation. Filtering biomolecules and clinical data, pre-validating and cross-validating potential biomarkers, generating final biomarker panels, and testing the robustness and applicability of those panels are all beginning to rely on machine learning and systems biology and research in this area will only benefit from advances in these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licia C. Silva-Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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