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Potential of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum in ameliorating redox status and lung injury in COPD: an in vivo and in silico study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1131. [PMID: 36670131 PMCID: PMC9860039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are hypothesised as the main contributor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke (CS), a major cause of COPD leads to inflammation resulting in recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages which are rich sources of oxidants. Activation of these cells produces excess oxidants and depletes antioxidants resulting in stress. Presently, effective drug for COPD is limited; therefore, novel compounds from natural sources, including plants are under exploration. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (OLE) in CS - induced model of COPD. Exposure to CS was performed thrice a week for 8 weeks and OLE (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was administered an hour before CS exposure. Control group (negative control) were exposed to ambient air while COPD group was exposed to CS (positive control). Administration of OLE doses reduced inflammation, decreased oxidant concentration and increased antioxidant concentration (p < 0.01). Molecular docking studies between the major phytocompounds of OLE (Eugenol, Cyclohexane and Caryophyllene) and antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione reductase (GR) and Glutathione S Transferase (GST) showed strong binding interaction in terms of binding energy. In vivo and in silico findings for the first time indicates that OLE extract significantly alleviates oxidative stress by its potent free radical scavenging property and strong interaction with antioxidant enzymes. OLE extract may prove to be a therapeutic option for COPD prevention and treatment.
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Teofilović B, Tomas A, Martić N, Stilinović N, Popović M, Čapo I, Grujić N, Ilinčić B, Rašković A. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) extract in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chemometrics data analysis and controversial carcinogenic effect of Ocimum basilicum L. rich in methyl eugenol. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dhama K, Sharun K, Gugjoo MB, Tiwari R, Alagawany M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Thakur P, Iqbal HM, Chaicumpa W, Michalak I, Elnesr SS, Farag MR. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Ocimum basilicum. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mudasir B. Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary SciencesDeen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico De Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mousavi M, Zaiter A, Becker L, Modarressi A, Baudelaire E, Dicko A. Optimisation of phytochemical characteristics and antioxidative properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds and Ocimum basilicum L. leaves superfine powders using new parting process. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:154-163. [PMID: 31364240 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are two aromatic medicinal plants. Recently, a new parting process which is named CDS "Comminution and to control Diffraction Sieving" is taken into consideration and its positive effect on the extraction of bioactive compounds from the plants, without any solvent, is reported. OBJECTIVE Study the effect of CDS on phytochemical properties of superfine powders of fennel seeds and basil leaves. METHODS Fennel seeds and basil leaves superfine powders were fractionated as follows: 100-180 μm, 180-315 μm, 315-500 μm, > 500 μm and unsieved superfine powders. Extraction of polyphenols was carried out using hydromethanolic maceration. The essential oils were extracted by maceration with dichloromethane. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Using liquid chromatography ultraviolet electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-UV-ESI-MS), concentrations of characterised phenolic compounds were measured. The essential oils compositions were characterised using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS In fennel seeds, the 100-180 μm fraction had maximum antioxidant activity and LC-UV-ESI-MS analyses proved that the best extraction of certain polyphenols was obtained in the 100-180 μm fraction. In basil leaves, the best antioxidant activity corresponded to the 315-500 μm fraction and LC-UV-ESI-MS analyses showed that the polyphenols were concentrated in the < 315 μm fractions. For both plants, GC-MS presented that the essential oils were concentrated in the 315-500 μm fraction. CONCLUSION CDS as a new green parting process leads to improve the phytochemical properties of these two superfine plant powders in the specific granulometric classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Mousavi
- LCP-A2MC (Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelles des milieux Complexes), Université de Lorraine, 1, Boulevard Arago, Metz Cedex 03, 57078, France
| | - Ali Zaiter
- LCP-A2MC (Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelles des milieux Complexes), Université de Lorraine, 1, Boulevard Arago, Metz Cedex 03, 57078, France
- AGRITECH-France, 4, Rue Piroux, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Becker
- AGRITECH-France, 4, Rue Piroux, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Ali Modarressi
- LCP-A2MC (Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelles des milieux Complexes), Université de Lorraine, 1, Boulevard Arago, Metz Cedex 03, 57078, France
| | | | - Amadou Dicko
- LCP-A2MC (Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelles des milieux Complexes), Université de Lorraine, 1, Boulevard Arago, Metz Cedex 03, 57078, France
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Almalki DA. Renoprotective Effect of Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Against Diabetes-induced Renal Affection in Albino Rats. Mater Sociomed 2020; 31:236-240. [PMID: 32082085 PMCID: PMC7007616 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.236-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is the second most common secondary type of glomerular diseases among Saudi patients after systemic lupus erythematosus. Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) was reported to have anti-diabetic and antioxidants effects. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of O. basilicum in controlling STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and preserving the structure of kidney against diabetes-induced nephropathy. Methods: This study utilized forty adult male Spraque-Dawley rats assigned into four groups (n=10 each); control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic, metformin-treated and O. Basilicum-treated groups. The blood glucose level (BGL), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), serum creatinine and BUN levels were assessed. Kidneys were dissected out and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. Results: The BGL significantly decreased in Metformin- and O. basilicum-treated (p=0.02, p=0.01) rats while TAC significantly increased (p=0.01, p=0.003) respectively, compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, O. basilicum significantly reduced (p=0.004, p=0.02) both creatinine and BUN levels compared to the untreated diabetic group, respectively. Examination of kidney of O. basilicum-treated diabetic rats revealed few degenerated renal tubules, with no inflammatory cell infiltrates, peritubular capillaries congestion and minimal peritubular collagen fibers deposition. It also reduced immunoexpression of desmin and αsmooth muscle actin in glomeruli of O. basilicum-treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: Glucose lowering and antioxidant effects of O. basilicum was evident biochemically in this study. O. basilicum could protect the kidney against diabetes-induced nephropathy as revealed biochemically and histopathologically. Further exploration of the mechanism and assessment of efficacy in human through clinical study are recommended.
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Rehan T, MacEwan D, Shah N, Rehan T, Tahira R, Murad S, Anees M, Murtaza I, Farman M, Abid OUR, Sultan A. Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells by Ocimum basilicum Fractions Following TNF alpha Induced Activation of JNK and Caspase 3. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3681-3691. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191011100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:
Leukemia, one of the major cancers, affects a large proportion of people around the world.
Better treatment options for leukemia are required due to a large number of side effects associated with current
therapeutic regimens. In the present study, we sought to determine the pathway of triggering apoptosis of leukemic
cells by Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) plant extract.
Materials/Methods:
Methanolic extract of the O. basilicum plant material was prepared. The crude extract was
fractionated into several fractions through column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as eluting
solvents. Cell viability of leukemic cells was assessed via Cell titer GLO assay and apoptosis was measured
through Annexin V/PI staining. Two apoptotic molecules JNK and caspases were analyzed through western blotting
while pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL8 using qPCR. Fractions were characterized
through LC-MS.
Results:
The most potent with lowest IC50 values among the fractions were BF2 (2:8 n-hexane:ethyl acetate) and
BF3 (3:7 n-hexane:ethyl acetate). Cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis. Apoptosis was found caspasedependent
and P-JNK activation was detected sustained. A significant increase in the level of TNF α and a decrease
in the level of CXCL8 were observed in BF2 and BF3 treated cells.
Conclusion:
The fractions of O. basilicum extract were found to kill cells following JNK pathway activation.
Excellent results were obtained with BF2 and BF3 probably due to predominant Epicatechin and Cinnamic acid
derivatives in these fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - David MacEwan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Rehan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Tahira
- Plant Genetic Resources Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheeba Murad
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhan Y, An X, Wang S, Sun M, Zhou H. Basil polysaccharides: A review on extraction, bioactivities and pharmacological applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115179. [PMID: 31740199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine has been widely used in China and is regarded as the most commonly used treatment. As a natural plant used in traditional Chinese Medicine, Basil has various functions associated with a number of its components. There are many compositions in basil including polysaccharides, naphtha, steroids, flavone, coumarins, vitamins, and so on. Among these, polysaccharides play a significant role in based therapeutics. The article summarizes that basil polysaccharides have a lot of biological activities and pharmacological applications, such as their antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, anti-aging activity, immunity enhancement effect, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, antibacterial effect, treatment of diabetes mellitus, and so on. This review summarized the extraction method, purification method, compositions, pharmacological applications, molecular weight, biological activities, and prospects of basil polysaccharides, providing a basis for further study of basil and basil polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Xinin An
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Mengjia Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China.
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Alomar MY, Al-Attar AM. Effect of Basil Leaves Extract on Liver Fibrosis Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.478.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Improvement of memory and neurological deficit with Ocimum basilicum L. extract after ischemia reperfusion induced cerebral injury in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1111-1120. [PMID: 29546690 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. Strategies using antioxidants to improve neurological functions after stroke have, thus, gained significant attention. Ocimum basilicum L. is used traditionally to treat CNS disorders. Its antioxidant capacity is well established. Our laboratory has reported protective effects of pre-treatment with O. basilicum in experimental stroke, but its curative (post-treatment) effects in ischemic stroke have not been documented. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of O. basilicum leaf extract (OBLE) on functional outcomes following cerebral injury in mice. Cerebral injury was induced in the experimental animals by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) followed by reperfusion. OBLE treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg; orally, once daily) was given for 7 days after BCCAO. Cognitive outcomes and sensorimotor disturbances were evaluated with Morris Water Maze, Elevated Plus Maze and neurological severity score, respectively. TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining was used to measure cerebral infarct size. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in mice brain homogenate were estimated to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of OBLE. Treatment with OBLE resulted in marked improvement in memory and motor coordination. OBLE also decreased cerebral infarct size and oxidative stress in mice. The extract was standardised with respect to total phenol content; an HPLC-PDA analysis showed the presence of eight phenolic acids in OBLE. It is concluded that treatment with OBLE improves functional outcomes after ischemic stroke and this may be developed as a neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Sestili P, Ismail T, Calcabrini C, Guescini M, Catanzaro E, Turrini E, Layla A, Akhtar S, Fimognari C. The potential effects of Ocimum basilicum on health: a review of pharmacological and toxicological studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:679-692. [PMID: 29865879 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1484450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basil (Ocimum basilicum L., OB) is a plant world widely used as a spice and a typical ingredient of the healthy Mediterranean diet. In traditional medicine, OB is indicated for many maladies and conditions; OB-containing nutritional supplements are increasingly sold. Conversely, safety concerns have been raised about the promutagens and procarcinogens alkenylbenzenes contained in OB. Areas covered: A critical review of the current status of OB as a nutraceutical, the pharmacology of its bioactive components, the rationale for its indications, and its safety. Expert opinion: Due to the polyphenolic and flavonoidic content, OB can be considered as an important ingredient in healthy diets; OB preparations may be effective as chemopreventive agents or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of different clinical conditions. From a toxicological perspective, since the tumorigenic potential of alkenylbenzenes is counteracted by other OB constituents such as nevadensin, it can be concluded that OB consumption in food and preparations is safe. The only concern relates to OB essential oils: in this case, a concentration limit for alkenylbenzenes should be precautionary defined, and the use of plant chemotypes with no or low levels of these alkylbenzenes for the preparation of essential oils should be made compulsory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sestili
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Tariq Ismail
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Anam Layla
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
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Eftekhar N, Moghimi A, Hossein Boskabady M, Kaveh M, Shakeri F. Ocimum basilicum affects tracheal responsiveness, lung inflammatory cells and oxidant-antioxidant biomarkers in sensitized rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:286-294. [PMID: 29683006 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1459672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) was shown previously. In the present study, the effect of O. basilicum on tracheal responsiveness (TR) to methacholine and ovalbumin (OVA), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of oxidant-antioxidant biomarkers as well as total and differential white blood cell (WBC) in sensitized rats was examined. Six groups of rats including control (group C), sensitized rats to OVA (group S), S groups treated with three concentrations of O. basilicum (0.75, 1.50, and 3.00 mg/ml) and one concentration of dexamethasone (1.25 μg/ml) (n = 8 for all groups) were studied. TR to methacholine and OVA, total WBC count, percentages of eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and levels of oxidant biomarkers were significantly increased but other measured parameters were significantly decreased in group S compared to group C. TR to methacholine and OVA, percentages of eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and levels of oxidant biomarkers were significantly decreased but lymphocytes and antioxidant biomarkers were significantly increased in S groups treated with dexamethasone and at least two higher concentrations of the extract compared to group S. Total WBC count was also decreased in treated S groups with dexamethasone and high extract concentration. The effect of extract on most measured parameters was significantly lower than dexamethasone treatment. The effects of two higher concentrations of the extract on most variables were significantly higher than the effect of low extract concentration. These results showed the concentration-dependent effect of O. basilicum on tracheal responses, lung inflammatory cells, and oxidant-antioxidant parameters in sensitized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeima Eftekhar
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Ali Moghimi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- b Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c Department of Physiology, School of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mahsa Kaveh
- d Department of Biology , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- e Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center , North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences , Bojnurd , Iran
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Nirmala JG, Narendhirakannan RT. Vitis vinifera peel and seed gold nanoparticles exhibit chemopreventive potential, antioxidant activity and induce apoptosis through mutant p53, Bcl-2 and pan cytokeratin down-regulation in experimental animals. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:902-917. [PMID: 28292018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest surface modifications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by capping agents or surface coatings could play an important role in biological systems, and site directed delivery. The present study was carried out to assess the antioxidant and apoptotic activities of the Vitis vinifera peel and seed gold nanoparticles in experimentally induced cancer in Swiss albino mice. 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) (single application) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) (thrice a week) were applied on the dorsal area of the skin to induce skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice for 16 weeks. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using Vitis vinifera peel and seed aqueous extracts and characterized by Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses. On topical application, peel and seed gold nanoparticles demonstrated chemopreventive potential by significantly (p<0.05) reducing the cumulative number of tumors while increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities in the gold nanoparticles treated mice. The down-regulated expression of mutant p53, Bcl-2 and the levels of pan-cytokeratins might have facilitated the process of apoptosis in the chemical carcinogenesis process. The results were supported by the histopathological evaluation which exhibited mild dysplasia and acanthosis in the skin tissues of Vitis vinifera peel and seed AuNPs treated mice. Based on the present study, the chemopreventive action of Vitis vinifera peel and seed AuNPs is probably due to its ability to stimulate the antioxidant enzymes within the cells and suppressed abnormal skin cell proliferation that occurred during DMBA-induced skin papillomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grace Nirmala
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R T Narendhirakannan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Singh V, Krishan P, Singh N, Kumar A, Shri R. Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion induced functional and biochemical deficit in mice by Ocimum kilimandscharicum leaf extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:556-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Singh V, Kahol A, Singh IP, Saraf I, Shri R. Evaluation of anti-amnesic effect of extracts of selected Ocimum species using in-vitro and in-vivo models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:490-499. [PMID: 27725240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ocimum species are traditionally used for the treatment of anxiety, nerve pain, convulsions and a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-amnesic effect of O. basilicum L., O. sanctum L. and O. gratissimum L. extracts using in-vitro and in-vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of hydro-methanol extracts of plants were evaluated using Ellman and DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The most active extract i.e. O. basilicum extract (OBE) was further explored for the possible anti-amnesic activity in mouse model of scopolamine induced amnesia using behavioral models (elevated plus maze and passive shock avoidance task). Brain AChE activity, oxidative profile and histopathological studies were assessed to outline the anti-amnesic mechanism of the extract. RESULTS Significant antioxidant and AChE inhibition activity was observed with all prepared extracts and however, OBE showed most marked free radical scavenging, reducing power and AChE inhibition (IC50 0.65±0.15mg/ml) activity. Basil leaves were standardized with respect to content of 7 phenolic acids using a HPLC-PDA method. A TLC densitometric method was employed to determine the quercetin content in the leaves. The in-vivo studies showed that OBE pre-treatment (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) reversed the memory deficit induced by scopolamine in mice, evident by significant (p<0.05) decrease in the transfer latency time and increase in step down latency in elevated plus maze and passive shock avoidance task, respectively. Moreover, OBE significantly reduced the brain AChE activity and oxidative stress. Further, histopathological examination of brain tissues displayed decrease in vacuolated cytoplasm and increase in pyramidal cells in hippocampal and cortical regions with OBE pre-treatment. CONCLUSION OBE possesses antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activity. These biochemical changes are responsible for the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective activities of O. basilicum which may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This can be developed as an effective anti-amnesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Kahol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Natural products, NIPER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Isha Saraf
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Natural products, NIPER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Soliman HA, El-Desouky MA, Hozayen WG, Ahmed RR, Khaliefa AK. Hepatoprotective effects of parsley, basil, and chicory aqueous extracts against dexamethasone-induced in experimental rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:65-71. [PMID: 27069727 PMCID: PMC4805149 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160124113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of parsley, basil, and chicory whole plant in normal and dexamethasone (Dex) rats. Materials and Methods: 50 female albino rats were used in this study and divided into 5 groups (for each 10). Group (1) fed basal diet and maintained as negative control group. Group (2) received Dex in a dose of (0.1 mg/kg b. wt.). Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with Dex along with three different plant extracts of parsley, basil, and chicory (2 g/kg b. wt.), (400 mg/kg b. wt.), and (100 mg/kg b. wt.), respectively. Results: All these groups were treated given three times per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Dex-induced alterations in the levels of serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular indices and serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, liver thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) levels increased, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, and liver glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. On the other hand, plant extracts succeeded to modulate these observed abnormalities resulting from Dex as indicated by the reduction of glucose, cholesterol, TBARS, and the pronounced improvement of the investigated biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Conclusions: It was concluded that probably, due to its antioxidant property, parsley, basil, and chicory extracts have hepatoprotective effects in Dex-induced in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Soliman
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Desouky
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Hozayen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Ahmed
- Department, of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Amal K Khaliefa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Subramanian V, Venkatesan B, Tumala A, Vellaichamy E. Topical application of Gallic acid suppresses the 7,12-DMBA/Croton oil induced two-step skin carcinogenesis by modulating anti-oxidants and MMP-2/MMP-9 in Swiss albino mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Misra RC, Maiti P, Chanotiya CS, Shanker K, Ghosh S. Methyl jasmonate-elicited transcriptional responses and pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis in sweet basil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1028-44. [PMID: 24367017 PMCID: PMC3912077 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.232884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is well known for its diverse pharmacological properties and has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Although a variety of secondary metabolites with potent biological activities are identified, our understanding of the biosynthetic pathways that produce them has remained largely incomplete. We studied transcriptional changes in sweet basil after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, which is considered an elicitor of secondary metabolites, and identified 388 candidate MeJA-responsive unique transcripts. Transcript analysis suggests that in addition to controlling its own biosynthesis and stress responses, MeJA up-regulates transcripts of the various secondary metabolic pathways, including terpenoids and phenylpropanoids/flavonoids. Furthermore, combined transcript and metabolite analysis revealed MeJA-induced biosynthesis of the medicinally important ursane-type and oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenes. Two MeJA-responsive oxidosqualene cyclases (ObAS1 and ObAS2) that encode for 761- and 765-amino acid proteins, respectively, were identified and characterized. Functional expressions of ObAS1 and ObAS2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to the production of β-amyrin and α-amyrin, the direct precursors of oleanane-type and ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenes, respectively. ObAS1 was identified as a β-amyrin synthase, whereas ObAS2 was a mixed amyrin synthase that produced both α-amyrin and β-amyrin but had a product preference for α-amyrin. Moreover, transcript and metabolite analysis shed light on the spatiotemporal regulation of pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis in sweet basil. Taken together, these results will be helpful in elucidating the secondary metabolic pathways of sweet basil and developing metabolic engineering strategies for enhanced production of pentacyclic triterpenes.
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Edet OU, Aikpokpodion PO. Karyotype Analysis of <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> in South-Eastern Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.51016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Sakr SA, Nooh HZ. Effect of Ocimum basilicum extract on cadmium-induced testicular histomorphometric and immunohistochemical alterations in albino rats. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:122-30. [PMID: 23869259 PMCID: PMC3713276 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the efficacy of Ocimum basilicum (basil) extract, a natural herb, with antioxidant properties, against testicular toxicity induced by cadmium (Cd), which is one of the most important toxic heavy metals. The intoxicated rats showed significant alterations in the testicular tissue including decreased seminiferous epithelium height and changes in the arrangement of spermatogenic layers. Hypospermatogensis with cytoplasmic vacuolization and pyknotic nuclei were observed. Intertubular hemorrahage and absence of spermatozoa were noted. Decreased cell proliferation was reflected by a decrease in Ki-67 expression, whereas the increase in apoptotic rate was associated with a decrease in the Bcl/Bax ratio. Concomitant treatment with aqueous basil extract led to an improvement in histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical changes induced by Cd. The beneficial effects of basil extract could be attributed to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber A Sakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt
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Mahajan N, Rawal S, Verma M, Poddar M, Alok S. A phytopharmacological overview on Ocimum species with special emphasis on Ocimum sanctum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rapid Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles Using Henna Extract for the Fabrication of Photoabsorption Enhanced Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (PE-DSSC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Henna (Lawsonia inermis). The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV – visible spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and FTIR. Effect of leaf extract concentration, pH and reaction temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles has been analysed by studying the variations in absorbance and wavelength of SPR of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle increases photoabsorption due to Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. In this current study, we have fabricated Photo Enhanced Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (PE – DSSC) using the Henna dye reduced silver nanoparticles as sensitizer to improve photocurrent. We have obtained photocurrent output of Henna reduced silver nanoparticle dye sensitized solar cell.
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Kathirvel P, Ravi S. Chemical composition of the essential oil from basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) and its in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa and HEp-2 human cancer cell lines and NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1112-8. [PMID: 21939371 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.545357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the chemical composition and in vitro anticancer activity of the essential oil from Ocimum basilicum Linn. (Lamiaceae), cultivated in the Western Ghats of South India. The chemical compositions of basil fresh leaves were identified by GC-MS: 11 components were identified. The major constituents were found to be methyl cinnamate (70.1%), linalool (17.5%), β-elemene (2.6%) and camphor (1.52%). The results revealed that this plant may belong to the methyl cinnamate and linalool chemotype. A methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay was used for in vitro cytotoxicity screening against the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell line (HEp-2) and NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The IC(50) values obtained were 90.5 and 96.3 µg mL(-1), respectively, and the results revealed that basil oil has potent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonkodi Kathirvel
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam College of Engineering , Coimbatore-641632, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Kaefer C, Milner J. Herbs and Spices in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10787-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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D. G. Basil (Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum) Reduces Azoxymethane Induced Colon Tumors in Fisher 344 Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2010.136.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The chemical composition and antioxidant activities of basil from Thailand using retention indices and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc100203125p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Ocimum basilicum
var. thyrsiflora (1.39 % dry weight) and Ocimum basilicum (0.61 %) were
analyzed by GC-MS. Seventy-three constituents representing 99.64 % of the
chromatographic peak area were obtained in the O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora
oil, whereas 80 constituents representing 91.11 % observed in the essential
oil of O. basilicum were obtained. Methyl chavicol (81.82 %), ?-(E)-ocimene
(2.93 %) and ?-(E)- bergamotene (2.45 %) were found to be the dominant
constituents in O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora oil while O. basilicum
contained predominantly linalool (43.78 %), eugenol (13.66 %) and 1,8-cineole
(10.18 %). The clear separation of the volatiles in all samples, demonstrated
by the application of GC?GC, resulted in significantly different fingerprints
for the two types of basil. The O. basilicum oil showed strong antioxidant
activity while the oil of O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora exhibited very low
activity, which was attributed to the significant differences in linalool and
eugenol contents in these essential oils.
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Gajula D, Verghese M, Boateng J, Walker L, Shackelfor L, Mentreddy S, Cedric S. Determination of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant and Chemopreventive
Potential of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum
L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2009.130.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Panjamurthy K, Manoharan S, Balakrishnan S, Suresh K, Nirmal MR, Senthil N, Alias LM. Protective effect of Withaferin-A on micronucleus frequency and detoxication agents during experimental oral carcinogenesis. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2008; 6:1-8. [PMID: 20162035 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v6i1.57067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effect of Withaferin-A on bone marrow micronucleus frequency and buccal mucosa detoxication agents during 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in hamsters' buccal pouches by painting 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin, three times per week for 14 weeks. We observed 100% tumor formation in DMBA painted hamsters. Elevated frequency of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and decrease in buccal mucosa phase II detoxication agents were noticed in tumor bearing hamsters. Oral administration of Withaferin-A significantly reduced the micronucleus frequency and brought back the status of phase II detoxication agents in DMBA painted hamsters. Our study thus demonstrated the protective effect of Withaferin-A on DMBA-induced micronucleus frequency in the bone marrow of golden Syrian hamsters. Also, Withaferin-A maintained the status of buccal mucosa detoxication agents during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Panjamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Raja Muthaiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Singh B, Kale RK. Chemomodulatory action of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) on skin and forestomach papillomagenesis, enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant status in murine model system. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3842-50. [PMID: 18976688 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemopreventive effect of different doses of test diet of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Fennel) seeds was examined on DMBA-induced skin and B(a)P-induced forestomach papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Fennel seeds exhibiting a significant reduction in the skin and the forestomach tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity as compared to the control group. Further, biochemical assays showed a significant increase in the content/activities of phase I enzymes especially in the case of 6% test diet. A concomitant increase in the activities of the phase II enzymes were observed with all the doses of test diet under study. A significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed especially at 4% and 6% test diets of Fennel. Glyoxalase I activity and the content of reduced glutathione were significantly elevated. Expectedly, the levels of peroxidative damage along with lactate dehydrogenase activity, exhibited a significant reduction at all three doses of test diets. These findings were indicative of chemopreventive potential of Fennel against carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Lab No. 215, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Berić T, Nikolić B, Stanojević J, Vuković-Gačić B, Knežević-Vukčević J. Protective effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:724-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stanojevic J, Beric T, Opacic B, Vukovic-Gacic B, Simic D, Knezevic-Vukcevic J. The effect of essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ARCH BIOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/abs0801093s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimutagenic potential of essential oil (EO) of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and its major constituent linalool were studied with the E. coli K12 and S.cerevisiae D7 assays. In the E. coli assay, EO and linalool inhibited UV-induced mutagenesis in a repair-proficient strain, but had no effect on spontaneous mutagenesis in repair-proficient, nucleotide excision repair-deficient, and mismatch-deficient strains. By testing participation of different mechanisms involved in antimutagenesis, it was concluded that the antimutagenic effect against UV-induced mutagenesis involved decrease of protein synthesis and cell proliferation which led to increased efficiency of nucleotide excision repair. An antimutagenic effect of basil derivatives in S. cerevisiae was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Beric
- Institut za botaniku, Biološki fakultet, Beograd
| | | | | | - Draga Simic
- Institut za botaniku, Biološki fakultet, Beograd
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Tapsell LC, Hemphill I, Cobiac L, Patch CS, Sullivan DR, Fenech M, Roodenrys S, Keogh JB, Clifton PM, Williams PG, Fazio VA, Inge KE. Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future. Med J Aust 2006; 185:S1-S24. [PMID: 17022438 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Herbs and spices have a traditional history of use, with strong roles in cultural heritage, and in the appreciation of food and its links to health. Demonstrating the benefits of foods by scientific means remains a challenge, particularly when compared with standards applied for assessing pharmaceutical agents. Pharmaceuticals are small-molecular-weight compounds consumed in a purified and concentrated form. Food is eaten in combinations, in relatively large, unmeasured quantities under highly socialised conditions. The real challenge lies not in proving whether foods, such as herbs and spices, have health benefits, but in defining what these benefits are and developing the methods to expose them by scientific means. CULTURAL ASPECTS The place of herbs and spices in the diet needs to be considered in reviewing health benefits. This includes definitions of the food category and the way in which benefits might be viewed, and therefore researched. Research may focus on identifying bioactive substances in herbs and spices, or on their properties as a whole food, and/or be set in the context of a dietary cuisine. THE ROLE OF HERBS AND SPICES IN HEALTH The antioxidant properties of herbs and spices are of particular interest in view of the impact of oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the development of atherosclerosis. There is level III-3 evidence (National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC] levels of evidence) that consuming a half to one clove of garlic (or equivalent) daily may have a cholesterol-lowering effect of up to 9%. There is level III-1 evidence that 7.2 g of aged garlic extract has been associated with anticlotting (in-vivo studies), as well as modest reductions in blood pressure (an approximate 5.5% decrease in systolic blood pressure). A range of bioactive compounds in herbs and spices have been studied for anticarcinogenic properties in animals, but the challenge lies in integrating this knowledge to ascertain whether any effects can be observed in humans, and within defined cuisines. Research on the effects of herbs and spices on mental health should distinguish between cognitive decline associated with ageing and the acute effects of psychological and cognitive function. There is level I and II evidence for the effect of some herbal supplements on psychological and cognitive function. There is very limited scientific evidence for the effects of herbs and spices on type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the best evidence being available for the effect of ginseng on glycaemia, albeit based on four studies. More research is required, particularly examining the effects of chronic consumption patterns. With increasing interest in alternatives to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the management of chronic inflammation, research is emerging on the use of food extracts. There is level II evidence for the use of ginger in ameliorating arthritic knee pain; however, the improvement is modest and the efficacy of ginger treatment is ranked below that of ibuprofen. More definitive research is required. PUBLIC HEALTH AND DIETARY IMPLICATIONS Recommendations for intakes of food in the Australian guide to healthy eating do not yet include suggested intakes of herbs and spices. Future consideration should be given to including more explicit recommendations about their place in a healthy diet. In addition to delivering antioxidant and other properties, herbs and spices can be used in recipes to partially or wholly replace less desirable ingredients such as salt, sugar and added saturated fat in, for example, marinades and dressings, stir-fry dishes, casseroles, soups, curries and Mediterranean-style cooking. Vegetable dishes and vegetarian options may be more appetising when prepared with herbs and spices. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As several metabolic diseases and age-related degenerative disorders are closely associated with oxidative processes in the body, the use of herbs and spices as a source of antioxidants to combat oxidation warrants further attention. Immediate studies should focus on validating the antioxidant capacity of herbs and spices after harvest, as well as testing their effects on markers of oxidation. This will work in parallel with clinical trials that are aiming to establish antioxidants as mediators of disease prevention. From a dietary perspective, the functionality of herbs and spices will be exposed through consideration of their properties as foods. As with most foods, the real benefits of including them in the diet are likely to emerge with a better understanding of the attributes of health that are best supported by food, and in methodological developments addressing the evidence base for their effects. These developments are well underway through evidence-based frameworks for substantiating health claims related to foods. At present, recommendations are warranted to support the consumption of foods rich in bioactive components, such as herbs and spices. With time, we can expect to see a greater body of scientific evidence supporting the benefits of herbs and spices in the overall maintenance of health and protection from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Tapsell
- National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, University of Wollongong, NSW
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Tohti I, Tursun M, Umar A, Turdi S, Imin H, Moore N. Aqueous extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) decrease platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin in vitro and rats arterio--venous shunt thrombosis in vivo. Thromb Res 2006; 118:733-9. [PMID: 16469363 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum basilicum L (OBL) on platelet aggregation and experimental thrombus. METHODS Platelet aggregation induced by ADP (5 muM) and thrombin (4 UI), and thrombus weight in an arteriovenous thrombosis (AVT) model were tested after 2 weeks treatment with 15, 75 and 375 mg/kg OBL orally in rats, compared to 8.8 mg/kg/day aspirin. AVT was also tested 2 h after 75 mg/kg OBL orally, after 3 and 7 days treatment, and one, three and seven days after the end of a two-week treatment. Analysis was done by ANOVA followed by protected t-tests (Tukey). RESULTS OBL (15, 75, 375 mg/Kg) dose-dependently inhibits platelet aggregation by ADP and thrombin, with 75 mg/kg/day having approximately the same effect as 8.8 mg/kg/day aspirin. ADP induced aggregation reached 45%, 28% and 18% for OBL, respectively, 15, 75, 375 mg/kg compared to 71% for control and 27% for aspirin (all p<0.01 except aspirin vs. OBL 75 mg/kg/day p=0.7). Thrombin-induced aggregation reached 33%, 22%, 21% for OBL, respectively, 15, 75, 375 mg/kg compared to 67% for control and 48% for aspirin (all p<0.01 except OBL 75 vs. OBL 375 mg/kg/day, p=1.0). Compared to a control thrombus weight of 48.1 mg (SD 4.9), thrombus weight was 29.4 (3.3), 19.0 (1.9) and 12.3 (1.7) after treatment for 2 weeks with 15, 75 and 375 mg/kg OBL, respectively, and 27.4 (5.3) after 8.8 mg/kg aspirin (all p<0.001 except aspirin vs. OBL 75 mg/kg/day p=1.0). Maximum effect of OBL was reached after one week's treatment. The effect subsided between 3 and 7 days. CONCLUSION OBL possesses an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin, that is dose-dependent and results in an anti-thrombotic effect in vivo which develops progressively over 7 days and disappears over 3-7 days. The active ingredient now needs to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibadet Tohti
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China
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