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Kang DW, Field CJ, Patel D, Fairey AS, Boulé NG, Dieli-Conwright CM, Courneya KS. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance: a randomized controlled trial. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024:10.1038/s41391-024-00867-3. [PMID: 39009705 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-024-00867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS) from the Exercise During Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ERASE) Trial. METHODS Fifty-two men with prostate cancer on AS were randomized to either an exercise (HIIT; n = 26) or usual care (UC; n = 26) group. The HIIT intervention consisted of progressive, supervised, aerobic HIIT at an intensity of 85 to 95% VO2peak for 28 to 40 min per session performed three times/week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and postintervention to analyze cardiometabolic biomarkers. Analysis of covariance was used to examine between-group mean differences. RESULTS Blood data were obtained from 49/52 (94%) participants at postintervention. Participants were aged 63.4 ± 7.1 years and 40% were obese. The HIIT group attended 96% of the planned exercise sessions. No significant between-group changes in weight were observed after the intervention. Compared to UC, HIIT significantly improved total cholesterol (-0.40 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval[CI], -0.70 to -0.10; p = 0.011), non-high-density lipoprotein-c (-0.35 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.11; p = 0.006), insulin (-13.6 pmol/L; 95% CI, -25.3 to -1.8; p = 0.025), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (-15.0 ng/mL; 95% CI, -29.9 to -0.1; p = 0.048), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 (152.3 ng/mL; 95% CI, 12.6 to 292.1; p = 0.033). No significant differences were observed for fasting glucose, HbA1c, other lipid markers, IGFBP-1, adiponectin, and leptin. CONCLUSIONS The ERASE Trial showed that a 12-week aerobic HIIT program improved several cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer on AS that may contribute to cardiovascular health benefits and potentially influence signaling pathways in the progression of prostate cancer. Further research is needed to confirm the effects of exercise on cardiometabolic markers in men with prostate cancer on AS and determine if these effects are associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Woo Kang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adrian S Fairey
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Normand G Boulé
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Jing C, Wang Z, Fu X. Effect of diabetes mellitus on survival in patients with gallbladder Cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:689. [PMID: 32709224 PMCID: PMC7379826 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidences indicated that diabetes might increase the incidence of gallbladder cancer. However, no sufficient data has ever clarified the impact of diabetes on the survival of patients with gallbladder cancer. Methods We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases through July 2019 in order to find sufficient eligible researches. The pooled hazard risks (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with either fix-effects or random-effects model. Due to the low gallbladder cancer mortality in general population, the RRs and standard mortality ratios (SMRs) were considered the similar estimates of the HRs. Results Ten eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis of eight cohorts found that diabetes was closely associated with the mortality of gallbladder cancer (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06–1.14; P < 0.00001). However, the mortality in male diabetes patients was not higher than female patients (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.57–2.04, P = 0.80). Conclusions These findings indicated that diabetes patients had a higher mortality of gallbladder cancer compared with non-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jing
- School of Nursing and Health, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510970, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510970, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Fu
- School of Nursing and Health, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510970, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hagström H, Stål P, Hultcrantz R, Brismar K, Ansurudeen I. IGFBP-1 and IGF-I as markers for advanced fibrosis in NAFLD - a pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1427-1434. [PMID: 28927302 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1379556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease globally. Advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4) is the most robust marker for future mortality, but diagnosis requires liver biopsy. Current non-invasive scoring systems aimed to identify advanced fibrosis are imperfect. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its binding protein IGFBP-1 are liver derived proteins, that are involved in various liver disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between advanced fibrosis and IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in NAFLD. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 52 patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy. Total IGF-I and IGFBP-1 concentrations were determined in serum by in-house radio-immuno-assays. IGF-I levels were age-standardized (IGF-SD). A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association of IGF-SD and IGFBP-1 with advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4). RESULTS Patients with advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4 vs. 0-2) had lower IGF-SD (-1.17 vs. 0.11, p = .01) and higher mean levels of IGFBP-1 (29.9 vs. 18.8 µg/l, p = .02). IGFBP-1 was associated with presence of advanced fibrosis (OR 1.04 per unit increase, 95%CI 1.0-1.07, p = .05), while IGF-1 was negatively associated with advanced fibrosis (OR 0.63 per standard deviation, 95%CI 0.44-0.92, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests an association between serum IGFBP-1 and IGF-I levels with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients. IGFBP1 and IGF-1 could be of interest as future biomarkers. Similar studies in larger cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hagström
- a Unit of Hepatology , Centre for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- a Unit of Hepatology , Centre for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Rolf Hultcrantz
- a Unit of Hepatology , Centre for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Rolf Luft Research Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ishrath Ansurudeen
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Rolf Luft Research Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Gu J, Yan S, Wang B, Shen F, Cao H, Fan J, Wang Y. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:63-72. [PMID: 26111736 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increasing evidence suggests that a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) may be involved in the development of various sites of cancer. However, the association with risk of gallbladder cancer remains unclear. METHODS We identified studies by a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE through 31 August 2014 and by searching the reference lists of pertinent articles. All data were independently extracted by two investigators using a standardized data abstraction tool. Summary relative risks (SRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 20 studies (eight case-control studies and 12 cohort studies) were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis of these 20 studies found that compared with non-diabetic individuals, diabetic individuals had an increased risk of gallbladder cancer (SRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.36-1.79). There was evidence of moderate heterogeneity among these studies (p = 0.010 and I(2) = 43.5%). This increased risk relationship is independent of smoking, body mass index and a history of gallstones. However, whether or not controlled for, alcohol use may be one of the potential confounders that significantly affect the association between type 2 DM and the risk of gallbladder cancer. Diabetic women and men had a similarly increased risk of gallbladder cancer associated with type 2 DM. CONCLUSIONS These findings of this systematic review indicate that compared with non-diabetic individuals, both men and women with type 2 DM had an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyan Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baochan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2411-23. [PMID: 23562551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between diabetes mellitus and the risk of lung cancer. To determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies conducted prior to September 2012. We included prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks and case-control studies that showed odds ratios in the analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated with a random effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed with studies which controlled for smoking status. Associations were assessed in several subgroups representing different participant and study characteristics. RESULTS A total of 34 studies from 24 manuscripts (10 case-control studies and 24 cohort studies) were included in the analyses. Diabetes was significantly associated with the increased risk of lung cancer compared with non-diabetic controls when limiting the analysis to studies adjusting for smoking status (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20; I(2)=46.1%). By contrast, this association disappeared when the analysis was restricted to studies not adjusting for smoking status (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88-1.11; I(2)=96.7%). When stratifying by sex, an increased risk of lung cancer was prominent in diabetic women (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.20; I(2)=0%), while there was no association in diabetic men (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.89-1.28; I(2)=96.6%). Among diabetic women, significantly increased risks of lung cancer were found in the following subgroups: cohort studies (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.20; I(2)=0%), studies controlling for major confounding variables such as age, smoking and alcohol (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.43; I(2)=23.1%), studies with long-term follow-up (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.20; I(2)=0%), and high-quality studies assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.20; I(2)=0%). INTERPRETATION Preexisting diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of lung cancer, especially among female diabetic patients. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to test specifically the effect of diabetes mellitus on lung cancer risk.
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Effects of two different levels of dietary protein on body composition and protein nutritional status of growing rats. Nutrients 2012; 4:1328-37. [PMID: 23112920 PMCID: PMC3475242 DOI: 10.3390/nu4091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a high-protein diet on growth, body composition, and protein nutritional status of young rats. Newly-weaned Wistar rats, weighing 45–50 g, were distributed in two experimental groups, according to their diets, which contained 12% (G12) or 26% protein (G26), over a period of 3 weeks. The animals were euthanized at the end of this period and the following analyses were performed: chemical composition of the carcass, proteoglycan synthesis, IGF-I concentration (serum, muscle and cartilage), total tissue RNA, protein concentration (muscle and cartilage) and protein synthesis (muscle and cartilage). The high-protein diet was found to result in a higher fat-free mass and lower fat mass in the carcass, with no difference in growth or protein nutritional status.
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Petridou ET, Sergentanis TN, Antonopoulos CN, Dessypris N, Matsoukis IL, Aronis K, Efremidis A, Syrigos C, Mantzoros CS. Insulin resistance: an independent risk factor for lung cancer? Metabolism 2011; 60:1100-6. [PMID: 21251684 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is closely associated with numerous metabolic disorders. Although studies have supported the importance of insulin resistance in carcinogenesis, the existing data have not established its relevance in the context of lung cancer. The aim of the present case-control study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and lung cancer after adjusting for possible confounders. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined in 81 lung cancer cases and 162 age- and sex-matched controls; anthropometric and lifestyle variables were recorded. Mean HOMA-IR in the cases was more than 2-fold higher compared with the mean value of controls (P < .001). Among controls, HOMA-IR correlated positively with serum leptin (r = 0.16; P = .04), body mass index (r = 0.43; P = .0001), and waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.21; P = .01) but negatively with serum adiponectin (r = -0.29; P = .0002). As expected, smoking was associated with an approximately 10-fold increase in lung cancer risk in multiple logistic regression models. A positive association between HOMA-IR, treated as continuous variable, and lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.99, P = .002, model 1) was demonstrated, which persisted after adjustment for somatometric and lifestyle variables (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.00-5.55, P = .05, model 2). When serum adiponectin was also taken into account, the association seemed fairly robust (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.11-6.01, P = .03, model 3); on the contrary, when serum leptin was added, the association remained positive, but lost its statistical significance (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 0.78-3.98, P = .17, model 4). In the fully adjusted model, HOMA-IR was still positively, but only marginally, associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 0.88-4.65, P = .10, model 5). Insulin resistance may represent a meaningful risk factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
This review will summarize recent findings concerning the biological regulation of starvation as it relates to anorexia nervosa (AN), a serious eating disorder that mainly affects female adolescents and young adults. AN is generally viewed as a psychosomatic disorder mediated by obsessive concerns about weight, perfectionism and an overwhelming desire to be thin. By contrast, the thesis that will be developed here is that, AN is primarily a metabolic disorder caused by defective regulation of the starvation response, which leads to ambivalence towards food, decreased food consumption and characteristic psychopathology. We will trace the starvation response from yeast to man and describe the central role of insulin (and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1))/Akt/ F-box transcription factor (FOXO) signaling in this response. Akt is a serine/threonine kinase downstream of the insulin and IGF-1 receptors, whereas FOXO refers to the subfamily of Forkhead box O transcription factors, which are regulated by Akt. We will also discuss how initial bouts of caloric restriction may alter the production of neurotransmitters that regulate appetite and food-seeking behavior and thus, set in motion a vicious cycle. Finally, an integrated approach to treatment will be outlined that addresses the biological aspects of AN.
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Swindell WR, Masternak MM, Bartke A. In vivo analysis of gene expression in long-lived mice lacking the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PappA) gene. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:366-74. [PMID: 20197085 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PappA) gene exhibit diminished localized IGF-1 bioavailability and a 30% increase in mean life span. However, it is uncertain which tissues exhibit reduced IGF-1 signals in the PappA(-/-) mouse, and whether effects of this mutation parallel those of mutations that diminish IGF-1 in serum. Across a panel of 21 tissues, we used RT-PCR to evaluate the effects of the PappA(-/-) mutation on expression of Igfbp5, which served as an in vivo indicator of IGF-1 signaling. Among these tissues, expression of Igfbp5 was significantly reduced by PappA(-/-) only in kidney. A broader survey of IGF-associated genes in six organs identified five other genes responsive to PappA(-/-) in kidney, with stronger effects in this organ relative to other tissues. Renal expression of Irs1 and Mt1 was increased by PappA(-/-) as well as by mutations that reduce IGF-1 in serum (i.e., Ghr(-/-), Pit1(dw/dw) and Prop1(df/df)), and we demonstrate that expression of these genes is regulated by growth hormone-treatment and calorie restriction. These results provide in vivo data on an important new model of mammalian aging, and characterize both similar and contrasting expression patterns between long-lived mice with reduced local IGF-1 availability and diminished IGF-1 in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- University of Michigan, Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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RIBEIRO SML, ROGERO MM, BACURAU RFP, CAMPOS PLD, LUZ SDS, LANCHA Jr AH, TIRAPEGUI J. Effects of Different Levels of Protein Intake and Physical Training on Growth and Nutritional Status of Young Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2010. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Engvall IL, Elkan AC, Tengstrand B, Cederholm T, Brismar K, Hafstrom I. Cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with inflammatory activity, physical disability, and low bioavailable insulin-like growth factor. Scand J Rheumatol 2008; 37:321-8. [PMID: 18666027 DOI: 10.1080/03009740802055984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of inflammation, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and its regulating binding protein (IGFBP-1) on lean body mass (LBM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In 60 inpatients (50 women), inflammatory activity was measured by Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL)-6, and physical disability by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). LBM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat free mass index (FFMI; kg/m(2)) and fat mass index (FMI; kg/m(2)) were calculated. RESULTS Median age was 65 years and disease duration 13 years. Fifty per cent of the patients had FFMI below the 10th percentile of a reference population and 45% had FMI above the 90th percentile, corresponding to the condition known as rheumatoid cachexia (loss of muscle mass in the presence of stable or increased FM). DAS28, CRP, and IL-6 correlated negatively with LBM (p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.018, respectively), as did HAQ (p = 0.001). Mean (confidence interval) IGF-1 was in the normal range, at 130 (116-143) microg/L. IGFBP-1 levels were elevated in patients (median 58 microg/L in women and 59 microg/L in men) compared with a normal population (33 microg/L in women and 24 microg/L in men). The ratio IGF-1/IGFBP-1, which reflects bioavailable IGF-1, was low (2.0 microg/L) and was positively correlated with LBM (p = 0.015). In multiple regression analysis, 42% of the LBM variance was explained by IGF-1/IGFBP-1, HAQ score, and DAS28. CONCLUSION A large proportion of RA inpatients, mainly women, had rheumatoid cachexia. The muscle wasting was explained by inflammatory activity and physical disability as well as low bioavailable IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-L Engvall
- Department of Rheumatology, the Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Narita S, Tsuchiya N, Saito M, Inoue T, Kumazawa T, Yuasa T, Nakamura A, Habuchi T. Candidate genes involved in enhanced growth of human prostate cancer under high fat feeding identified by microarray analysis. Prostate 2008; 68:321-35. [PMID: 18175332 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that a high fat diet (HFD) may be a risk factor of prostate cancer (PCa). As a first step to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced progression of PCa under HFD, we investigated the differential gene expressions of a human PCa xenograft under HFD and a low fat diet (LFD). METHODS LNCaP cells were subcutaneously injected in 20 nude mice, which were equally divided into two groups, the HFD group and LFD group. Oligonucleotide microarray analyses were performed using mice xenografts from HFD and LFD, and the results of candidate genes with a significant differential expression were validated by quantitative RT-PCR experiments. As for insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), protein expression levels were further examined by immunohistochemistry in xenograft tissues and in 78 radical prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS Tumor volume and serum PSA levels were significantly higher in the HFD group than in the LFD group (P<0.001 and P=0.006, respectively). We found 64 up-regulated genes (0.19%) and 14 down-regulated genes (0.04%) with more than twofold differences in the HFD xenograft. IGF-IR, TNFRSF, and LPL showed striking differences in the quantitative RT-PCR experiment. Immunostaining further revealed marked enhanced IGF-IR expression in the HFD xenograft. In human PCa, the lowest IGF-IR immunoreactivity group tended to have the lowest body mass index in both normal and PCa epithelium. CONCLUSION HFD induced remarkable up- and down-regulation of mRNA of a substantial number of genes. Furthermore, the IGF-I system may be involved in the HFD-associated enhanced progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Dewell A, Weidner G, Sumner MD, Barnard RJ, Marlin RO, Daubenmier JJ, Chi C, Carroll PR, Ornish D. Relationship of Dietary Protein and Soy Isoflavones to Serum IGF-1 and IGF Binding Proteins in the Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial. Nutr Cancer 2007; 58:35-42. [PMID: 17571965 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701308034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, whereas increased levels of some of its binding proteins (IGFBPs) seem to be protective. High intakes of dietary protein, especially animal and soy protein, appear to increase IGF-1. However, soy isoflavones have demonstrated anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects both in vitro and in vivo. We evaluated dietary intakes of total protein and soy isoflavones in relation to the IGF axis in prostate cancer patients making comprehensive lifestyle changes including a very low-fat vegan diet supplemented with soy protein (58 g/day). After one year, intervention group patients reported significantly higher intakes of dietary protein and soy isoflavones compared to usual-care controls (P < 0.001). IGF-1 increased significantly in both groups, whereas IGFBP-1 rose in the experimental group only (P < 0.01). Increases in vegetable protein over one year were associated with increases in IGFBP-1 among intervention group patients (P < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary protein and soy isoflavones, in the context of comprehensive lifestyle changes, may not significantly alter IGF-1. However, given the recent literature indicating that high intake of protein rich in essential amino acids (animal or soy protein) may increase IGF-1, it may be prudent for men with early stage prostate cancer not to exceed dietary protein recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dewell
- Preventive Medicine Research Institute, 900 Bridgeway, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA.
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Ngo TH, Barnard RJ, Anton T, Tran C, Elashoff D, Heber D, Freedland SJ, Aronson WJ. Effect of isocaloric low-fat diet on prostate cancer xenograft progression to androgen independence. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1252-4. [PMID: 14973081 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An isocaloric low-fat diet has been shown to slow androgen-sensitive Los Angeles Prostate Cancer-4 (LAPC-4) tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. LAPC-4 cells were injected into male severe combined immunodeficient mice. After palpable tumors developed, the mice were divided into three groups, high-fat intact, high-fat castration, and low-fat castration. Tumor latency (18 versus 9 weeks; P < 0.001) and mouse survival (20.8 +/- 1.3 versus 13 +/- 0.7 weeks; P < 0.01) were significantly longer in the low-fat castration versus high-fat castration group. Reduced dietary fat intake delayed conversion from androgen-sensitive to -insensitive prostate cancer and significantly prolonged survival of severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing LAPC-4 xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung H Ngo
- Department of Physiological Science, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Gulay MS, Hayen MJ, Liboni M, Belloso TI, Wilcox CJ, Head HH. Low Doses of Bovine Somatotropin During the Transition Period and Early Lactation Improves Milk Yield, Efficiency of Production, and Other Physiological Responses of Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:948-60. [PMID: 15259229 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to determine whether low doses of bovine somatotropin (bST) during the transition period and early lactation period improved dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), or body condition score (BCS); provoked positive changes in concentrations of somatotropin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and Ca; or improved milk yield (MY) response without obvious adverse effects on health status. Eighty-four multiparous Holstein cows completed treatments arranged in a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial design that included prepartum and postpartum bST, dry period (30 d dry, 30 d dry + estradiol cypionate, and 60 d dry), and prepartum anionic or cationic diets. Biweekly injections of bST began at 21 +/- 3 d before expected calving date through 42 +/- 2 d postpartum (control = 0 vs. bST = 10.2 mg of bST/d; POSILAC). At 56 +/- 2 d in milk, all cows were injected with a full dose of bST (500 mg of bST/14 d; POSILAC). During the prepartum period and during the first 28 d postpartum, no differences in mean BW, BCS, or DMI were detected between the bST treatment group and the control group. During the first 10 wk of lactation, cows in the bST treatment group had greater mean MY and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield and lower SCC than did cows in the control group. When cows received a full dose of bST, an increase in milk production through wk 21 was maintained better by cows in the bST group. Mean concentrations of somatotropin, IGF-I, and insulin differed during the overall prepartum period (d -21 to -1). During the postpartum period (d 1 to 28), cows in the bST group had greater mean concentrations of somatotropin and IGF-I in plasma. Concentrations of Ca around calving did not differ because of bST treatment. Results suggest that changes in concentrations of blood measures provoked by injections of bST during the transition period and early lactation period resulted in improved metabolic status and production of the cows without apparent positive or negative effects on calving or health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gulay
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville 32611-0910, USA
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16
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Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Coward PY, Scott DA. Analysis of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in tobacco smokers and non-smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2002; 1:157-70. [PMID: 19570255 PMCID: PMC2671651 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-1-2-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2002] [Revised: 08/11/2002] [Accepted: 08/12/2002] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IGF-1 and the major serum IGF-1 binding protein, IGFBP-3, are under extensive investigation as potential prognostic markers of specific malignancies and vascular diseases. However, there is conflicting evidence that tobacco smoking may influence systemic concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured in 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers, matched for age and gender. Serum concentrations of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, and ICAM-1, known to exhibit a dose-dependent relationship with cotinine, were also assayed. RESULTS There was no difference between the systemic concentrations of IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 found in smokers and non-smokers (IGF-1: mean [s.d]; 104 29 vs 101 24 ng ml-1, respectively; and IGFBP-3: 2562 [522] vs 2447 [570] ng ml-1, respectively). Similarly, there was no correlation between serum cotinine and IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 concentrations in smokers. Soluble ICAM-1 concentrations were significantly increased in smokers, compared to non-smokers (mean [s.d]; 258 [60] vs 194 [50] ng ml-1, respectively; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION There was no relationship noted between tobacco smoking and either IGF-1 or IGFBP-3. These data suggest that smoking would not appear to be a major confounder of the reported clinical associations between IGF-1, IGFBP-3, or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratios and specific disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Palmer
- Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK.
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17
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Sjögren K, Wallenius K, Liu JL, Bohlooly-Y M, Pacini G, Svensson L, Törnell J, Isaksson OG, Ahrén B, Jansson JO, Ohlsson C. Liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Diabetes 2001; 50:1539-45. [PMID: 11423474 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.7.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I is important for postnatal body growth and exhibits insulin-like effects on carbohydrate metabolism. The function of liver-derived IGF-I is still not established, although we previously demonstrated that liver-derived IGF-I is not required for postnatal body growth. Mice whose IGF-I gene in the liver was inactivated at 24 days of age were used to investigate the long-term role of liver-derived IGF-I for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Serum levels of leptin in these mice were increased by >100% at 3 months of age, whereas the fat mass of the mice was decreased by 25% at 13 months of age. The mice became markedly hyperinsulinemic and yet normoglycemic, indicating an adequately compensated insulin resistance. Furthermore, they had increased serum levels of cholesterol. We conclude that liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sjögren
- Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Nutrition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); the requirement and metabolic effect of lysine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(98)10049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao AZ, Zhao H, Teague J, Fujimoto W, Beavo JA. Attenuation of insulin secretion by insulin-like growth factor 1 is mediated through activation of phosphodiesterase 3B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:3223-8. [PMID: 9096374 PMCID: PMC20350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/1996] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are known to reduce glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the beta cells of pancreatic islets. In this paper we show that the mechanism by which IGF-1 mediates this effect is in large part through activation of a specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B). More specifically, in both isolated pancreatic islets and insulin-secreting HIT-T15 cells, IGF-1 inhibits insulin secretion that has been increased by glucose and glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1). Moreover, IGF-1 decreases cAMP levels in parallel to the reduction of insulin secretion. Insulin secretion stimulated by cAMP analogs that activate protein kinase A and also are substrates for PDE3B is also inhibited by IGF-1. However, IGF-1 does not inhibit insulin secretion stimulated by nonhydrolyzable cAMP analogs. In addition, selective inhibitors of PDE3B completely block the ability of IGF-1 to inhibit insulin secretion. Finally, PDE3B activity measured in vitro after immunoprecipitation from cells treated with IGF-1 is higher than the activity from control cells. Taken together with the fact that pancreatic beta cells express little or no insulin receptor but large amounts of IGF-1 receptor, these data strongly suggest a new regulatory feedback loop model for the control of insulin secretion. In this model, increased insulin secretion in vivo will stimulate IGF-1 synthesis by the liver, and the secreted IGF-1 in turn feedback inhibits insulin secretion from the beta cells through an IGF-1 receptor-mediated pathway. This pathway is likely to be particularly important when levels of both glucose and secretagogues such as GLP-1 are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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20
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Verschure PJ, Van Noorden CJ, Van Marle J, Van den Berg WB. Articular cartilage destruction in experimental inflammatory arthritis: insulin-like growth factor-1 regulation of proteoglycan metabolism in chondrocytes. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1996; 28:835-57. [PMID: 9015706 DOI: 10.1007/bf02331388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, a disease of unknown aetiology, is characterized by joint inflammation and, in its later stages, cartilage destruction. Inflammatory mediators may exert not only suppression of matrix synthesis but also cartilage degradation, which eventually leads to severe cartilage depletion. Systemically and locally produced growth factors and hormones regulate cartilage metabolism. Alterations in levels of these factors or in their activity can influence the pathogenesis of articular cartilage destruction in arthritic joints. The main topic of the present review is the role of the anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-1 in the regulation of chondrocyte metabolic functions in normal and in diseased cartilage. This is the most important growth factor that balances chondrocytes proteoglycan synthesis and catabolism to maintain a functional cartilage matrix. A brief overview of how chondrocytes keep the cartilage matrix intact, and how catabolic and anabolic factors are thought to be involved in pathological cartilage destruction precedes the review of the role of this growth factor in proteoglycan metabolism in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Verschure
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Mokni R, Chakar A, Bleiberg-Daniel F, Mahu JL, Walravens PA, Chappuis P, Navarro J, Lemonnier D. Decreased serum levels of nutritional biochemical indices in healthy children with marginally delayed physical growth. Acta Paediatr 1993; 82:539-43. [PMID: 8338986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical markers of nutritional status (albumin, transthyretin, insulin-like growth factor-I and zinc) were measured in slowly growing two- to five-year-old, low-income Parisian children whose weight-for-height or height-for-age z scores (WHZ or HAZ) were between -1 and -2 SD of the NCHS median. The results were compared to controls who were matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin with WHZ and HAZ between -1 and +2 SD. Mean serum levels of transthyretin, albumin and insulin-like growth factor-I and mean plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the growth-impaired children than in the controls (p = 0.002, p = 0.006, p = 0.015, and p = 0.035, respectively). While the height-retarded children had low mean serum insulin-like growth factor-I values, the weight-retarded subjects had decreased levels of albumin, transthyretin and zinc when compared to controls. Lower mean levels of nutritional markers in healthy, slowly growing children suggest that inadequate dietary intakes of zinc, protein and/or energy may result in marginal delays in weight and height gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mokni
- U 1 INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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22
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Abstracts of Communications. Proc Nutr Soc 1991. [DOI: 10.1079/pns19910017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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