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Mauludiyana S, Aryati, Dachlan YP, Saputro ID. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of Ajwa date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in burn infection. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:161-165. [PMID: 37692010 PMCID: PMC10483919 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_138_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal burns produce tissue damage, which eliminates the protective role of tissue. Due to the extensive tissue damage from severe burns, an overactive immune response occurs. Furthermore, this raises the possibility of getting sepsis, a condition in which a bacterial infection spreads throughout the body rather than only in the area of the injury or localized infection. To determine the compounds of Ajwa dates have the potential as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in infectious thermal burns. The research method used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guideline. Various references were collected from the online database Google Scholar and PubMed including reports, journals, and all references mostly published no more than the past 10 years. This systematic review revealed 16 research articles that were pertinent. Polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic acids were found in ajwa dates. Specified polyphenol chemicals have the ability to interact with one or more immune cell receptors, moving intracellular messages and influencing the host's immunological response. Ajwa dates' polyphenol acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in severe burns by inhibiting the expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, controlling transcription factors, and changing the phenotype of macrophage cells, among other ways. The bacterial activity and immune response regulation of Ajwa dates, on the other hand, also serve as an antibacterial agent directly. The polyphenol compounds in Ajwa dates have the potential to operate as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in infected thermal burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Septin Mauludiyana
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aryati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoes Prijatna Dachlan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Iswinarno Doso Saputro
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Modulatory Effects of Arctostaphylos uva-urs Extract In Ovo Injected into Broiler Embryos Contaminated by Aflatoxin B1. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162042. [PMID: 36009632 PMCID: PMC9404454 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovo injection of nutrients can modulate the embryo’s physiological responses against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) embryotoxicity. This hypothesis was tested using in ovo injection of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Ar. uu.) methanolic extract. The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, and GC-MS analysis were all assessed in the Ar. uu. methanolic extract. A total of 180 ten-day-old embryonated eggs were distributed into six groups of 30 replicates each. The first group was used as a control (non-injected), and the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were injected with 10 µ double-distilled water (DDW), 500 µL methanol, 0.01 g Ar. uu./500 µL methanol, 50 ng AFB1/10 µL DDW, and 50 ng AFB1 in 10 µ DDW + 0.01 g Ar. uu./500 µL methanol, respectively. The relative embryo weight, residual yolk sac weight, tibia length and weight, and survival were recorded. Total and differential leukocytes, oxidative stress, and humoral immune responses were observed. The residual yolk sac was lower (p < 0.05) in the Ar. uu. group than other groups. The embryonic growth (tibia weight and length) was enhanced in AFB1 + Ar. uu.-injected embryos compared with those injected with AFB1 alone. In conclusion, in ovo injection of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi could modulate AFB1-induced toxicity in chicken embryos.
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Molecular networking-guided strategy for the pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines: Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112895. [PMID: 35364379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the bioactive components in the leaf extract of the medicinal herb, Cudrania tricuspidate, were investigated using an MS/MS-based molecular networking system. To identify the major active components of the C. tricuspidate leaf extract (CLE), HPLC-DAD analysis was conducted with a standard mixture of six flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol). The unknown peaks were determined via molecular networking analysis using the mass dataset obtained by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). For the subsequent pharmacokinetic study, CLE (1 g/kg) was orally administered to rats, and plasma samples were collected. The product ion mass data of plasma samples using LC-QTOF/MS were obtained and subjected to molecular networking analysis. The resulting molecular networking map indicated that the glucuronide metabolites of quercetin and kaempferol were the major circulating species. Accordingly, quercetin and kaempferol were determined following β-glucuronidase treatment, and their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. These findings indicate that the proposed molecular network-based approaches are potential and efficient methods for the pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines.
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Cione E, La Torre C, Cannataro R, Caroleo MC, Plastina P, Gallelli L. Quercetin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Curcumin, and Resveratrol: From Dietary Sources to Human MicroRNA Modulation. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010063. [PMID: 31878082 PMCID: PMC6983040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary polyphenol intake is associated with a lower incidence of several non-communicable diseases. Although several foods contain complex mixtures of polyphenols, numerous factors can affect their content. Besides the well-known capability of these molecules to act as antioxidants, they are able to interact with cell-signaling pathways, modulating gene expression, influencing the activity of transcription factors, and modulating microRNAs. Here we deeply describe four polyphenols used as nutritional supplements: quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC), and curcumin, summarizing the current knowledge about them, spanning from dietary sources to the epigenetic capabilities of these compounds on microRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Nile A, Nile SH, Kim DH, Keum YS, Seok PG, Sharma K. Valorization of onion solid waste and their flavonols for assessment of cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:281-289. [PMID: 29496529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is rich with flavonols which perceived benefits to human health. Flavonols like quercetin and quercetin glycosides from onion solid waste (OSW) have been extracted and tested against enzymes of clinical importance in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes and be shown to have cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column was developed to separate quercetin-3, 4'-O-diglucoside, quercetin-4'-O-monoglucoside, and quercetin from OSW. These compounds were identified using infrared, ultra-violet, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The OSW solvent fractions and flavonols showed significant antioxidant activities using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assays. The samples exhibited significant in vitro anti-cholinesterase activity with strong antidiabetic effects. OSW extracted with methanol and ethanol showed greater in vitro anti-cholinesterase and hypoglycemic effects than QDG, QMG, and Q possibly due to interactions between multiple compounds and/or complex multivariate interactions with other factors in OSW. In addition, cytotoxicity assays showed that OSW and QDG, QMG, and Q could inhibit the proliferation of selected cancer cell lines. Results indicate that OSW and flavonol glycosides are potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and sedative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Gyun Seok
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
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6
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Systematic investigation and molecular modelling of complexation between several groups of flavonoids and HP-β-cyclodextrins. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
It is well known that cocoa and dark chocolate possess polyphenols as major constituents whose dietary consumption has been associated to beneficial effects. In fact, cocoa and dark chocolate polyphenols exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities switching on some important signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription. In particular, cocoa polyphenols induce release of nitric oxide (NO) through activation of endothelial NO synthase which, in turn, accounts for vasodilation and cardioprotective effects. In the light of the above described properties, a number of clinical trials based on the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate have been conducted in healthy subjects as well as in different categories of patients, such as those affected by cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal, and metabolic pathologies. Even if data are not always concordant, modifications of biomarkers of disease are frequently associated to improvement of clinical manifestations. Quite interestingly, following cocoa and dark chocolate ingestion, cocoa polyphenols also modulate intestinal microbiota, thus leading to the growth of bacteria that trigger a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory pathway in the host. Finally, many evidences encourage the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate by aged people for the recovery of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Fondazione San Raffaele, Ceglie Messapica, Italy
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Roberto MM, Jamal CM, Malaspina O, Marin-Morales MA. Antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green propolis and its main botanical source determined by the Allium cepa test system. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:257-69. [PMID: 27223486 PMCID: PMC4910559 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian green propolis is a resinous substance prepared by bees from parts of the
plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. As it possess several biological
properties, this work assessed the cytotoxic/anticytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic
and mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green
propolis (EEGP) and of B. dracunculifolia (EEBD), by means of the
Allium cepa test system. The effects were evaluated by assessing
the chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies on meristematic and
F1 generation cells from onion roots. Chemical analyses performed with the extracts
showed differences in flavonoid quality and quantity. No genotoxic or mutagenic
potential was detected, and both extracts were capable of inhibiting cellular damage
caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment, reducing the frequencies of CA and
MN. By these data, we can infer that, independent of their flavonoid content, the
extracts presented a protective effect in A. cepa cells against the
clastogenicity of MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Masrouah Jamal
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudo de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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9
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Phenolic profile, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of second grade date extract from Tunisian cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Chem 2016; 194:1048-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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The Structure–Activity Relationships of Plant Secondary Metabolites with Antimicrobial, Free Radical Scavenging and Inhibitory Activity toward Selected Enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63473-3.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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11
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Cocoa polyphenols and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease. Nutrients 2014; 6:844-80. [PMID: 24566441 PMCID: PMC3942736 DOI: 10.3390/nu6020844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of plant-derived food intake in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The potential bioactivity of cocoa and its polyphenolic components in modulating cardiovascular health is now being studied worldwide and continues to grow at a rapid pace. In fact, the high polyphenol content of cocoa is of particular interest from the nutritional and pharmacological viewpoints. Cocoa polyphenols are shown to possess a range of cardiovascular-protective properties, and can play a meaningful role through modulating different inflammatory markers involved in atherosclerosis. Accumulated evidence on related anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa polyphenols is summarized in the present review.
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Abstract
As America’s baby boomer population matures, there is an increasing interest in supplements that can delay or oppose the aging process. This antiaging movement has exploded over the past decade. While most supplements are not supported by scientific literature or government controls, a number of products have been the subject of significant scientific inquiry. Hormone replacement therapy, including testosterone and growth hormone, has mixed results, and antioxidative strategies are supported by basic science but lack clinical evidence-based outcomes. While the process of aging has become better understood leading to more rational approaches to combat its effects on health, the clinician is reminded to carefully discern between the science and marketing that is available in this area.
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13
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Serra AT, Poejo J, Matias AA, Bronze MR, Duarte CM. Evaluation of Opuntia spp. derived products as antiproliferative agents in human colon cancer cell line (HT29). Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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The involvement of a polyphenol-rich extract of black chokeberry in oxidative stress on experimental arterial hypertension. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:912769. [PMID: 23533529 PMCID: PMC3600185 DOI: 10.1155/2013/912769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the content of Aronia melanocarpa Elliott (black chokeberry) extract and also to estimate the influence of polyphenolic compounds contained in chokeberries on oxidative stress, on an L-NAME-induced experimental model of arterial hypertension. The rat blood pressure values were recorded using a CODA Noninvasive Blood Pressure System. HPLC/DAD coupled with ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry allowed identification of five phenolic compounds in berries ethanolic extract as follows: chlorogenic acid, kuromanin, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin. The serous activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) has significantly lower values in the hypertensive (AHT) group as compared to the group protected by polyphenols (AHT + P). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values are lower in the AHT group and they are significantly higher in the AHT + P group. All the measured blood pressure components revealed a biostatistically significant blood pressure drop between the AHT group and the AHT + P group. The results reveal the normalization of the reduced glutathion (GSH) concentration as well as a considerable reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) serum concentration in the AHT + P group. Ethanolic extract of black chokeberry fruits not only has a potential value as a prophylactic agent but also may function as a nutritional supplement in the management of arterial hypertension.
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15
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Kuno T, Tsukamoto T, Hara A, Tanaka T. Cancer chemoprevention through the induction of apoptosis by natural compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2012.32018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Hahm SW, Park J, Son YS. Opuntia humifusa partitioned extracts inhibit the growth of U87MG human glioblastoma cells. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:247-252. [PMID: 20814744 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia humifusa, a member of the Cactaceae family widely distributed in the southern regions of the Korean peninsula, has potential bioactive functions and medicinal benefits. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hexane, ethyl acetate extracts and water partitioned fraction of O. humifusa on proliferation, G1 arrest and apoptosis in U87MG human glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma cellular proliferation was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and the effects of O. humifusa partitioned extracts on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that when U87MG cells were treated with hexane extracts and water partitioned fraction of O. humifusa, the number of viable cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, water partitioned fractions of O. humifusa induced G1 arrest and non-apoptotic cell death as well as significant increases in ROS production in U87MG cells. In conclusion, water partitioned fractions of O. humifusa induce G1 arrest and inhibit U87MG human glioblastoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahng-Wook Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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17
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Jacquemin G, Shirley S, Micheau O. Combining naturally occurring polyphenols with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand: a promising approach to kill resistant cancer cells? Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3115-30. [PMID: 20508968 PMCID: PMC11115850 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors are attractive targets for anticancer therapy owing to their ability to trigger apoptosis selectively in cancer cells but not in normal cells. To date, many combinatorial strategies, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, have given encouraging results for overcoming TRAIL resistance in preclinical models. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by polyphenols. These naturally occurring compounds can restore tumor cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death with no apparent toxicity towards normal cells. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways can be modulated by polyphenols, the activation of which largely depends on the cell type, the particular polyphenolic compound, and the conditions of treatment. The large variety of polyphenol cellular targets could prove useful in circumventing TRAIL resistance. The relevance of these combined treatments for cancer therapy is discussed in the light of recent preclinical studies.
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18
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Khalil MI, Sulaiman SA. The potential role of honey and its polyphenols in preventing heart diseases: a review. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2010; 7:315-21. [PMID: 21731163 PMCID: PMC3005390 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v7i4.56693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Honey is rich in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants and are becoming increasingly popular because of their potential role in contributing to human health. A wide range of phenolic constituents is present in honey like quercetin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), acacetin, kaempferol, galangin which have promising effect in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many epidemiological studies have shown that regular intake of phenolic compounds is associated with reduced risk of heart diseases. In coronary heart disease, the protective effects of phenolic compounds include mainly antithrombotic, anti-ischemic, anti-oxidant, and vasorelaxant. It is suggested that flavonoids decrease the risk of coronary heart disease by three major actions: improving coronary vasodilatation, decreasing the ability of platelets in the blood to clot, and preventing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidizing. In this review paper, we discussed the preventive role of polyphenols of honey against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Khalil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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19
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Choi EJ, Kim GH. Quercetin accumulation by chronic administration causes the caspase-3 activation in liver and brain of mice. Biofactors 2010; 36:216-21. [PMID: 20533396 DOI: 10.1002/biof.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is an excellent antioxidant that has a variety of side effects. This study investigated whether the chronic administration of quercetin in mice induces apoptosis. Mice were divided randomly into three treatment groups. Quercetin was administered orally to two of three groups at 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 18 days. The serum quercetin level increased in a dose-dependent manner, although the quercetin levels in the liver and brain were lower than in serum. Nevertheless, quercetin induced apoptosis in both the liver and brain, as evidenced by increased caspase-3 expression and activity. Quercetin-induced apoptosis seems to be associated with quercetin accumulation. Moreover, with quercetin accumulation, the brain was more susceptible to apoptosis than the liver. In conclusion, quercetin administration at a high dose may lead to apoptosis in the liver and brain of mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Choi
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, 419 Ssangmun-dong, Tobong-ku, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Aranganathan S, Nalini N. Efficacy of the potential chemopreventive agent, hesperetin (citrus flavanone), on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2594-600. [PMID: 19632289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our current study is an effort to identify a potent chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. Here we have investigated the efficacy of hesperetin on tissue lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system and colonic histoarchitecture in male Wistar rats in colon carcinogenesis. Rats in groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated with DMH (20 mg kg body weight s.c.) once a week for 15 weeks. Group 1 rats received modified pellet diet and served as control; group 2 received modified pellet diet along with hesperetin (20mg/kg body weight, p.o., every day); and hesperetin was given to the rats as in-group 2 during the initiation, post-initiation and entire period stages of colon carcinogenesis. Lipid peroxidation was studied by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and conjugated dienes (CD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), in the liver and colonic tissues of DMH administered rats. (1) Decreased levels of lipid peroxidation in the colonic tissues; (2) decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPX, GR and GSH levels in the tissues on DMH treatment. Hesperetin supplementation during the initiation, post-initiation and entire period stages of carcinogenesis significantly reversed these activities. These results indicate that hesperetin may be a potential chemopreventive agent against DMH-induced colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aranganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tucker G, Robards K. Bioactivity and structure of biophenols as mediators of chronic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 48:929-66. [PMID: 18949595 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701761977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biophenols and their associated activity have generated intense interest. Current topics of debate are their bioavailability and bioactivity. It is generally assumed that their plasma concentrations are insufficient to produce the health benefits previously attributed to their consumption. However, data on localized in vivo concentrations are not available and many questions remain unanswered. Potential mechanisms by which they may exert significant bioactivity are discussed together with structure activity relationships. Biophenols are highly reactive species and they can react with a range of other compounds. Products of their reaction when functioning as antioxidants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tucker
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics, UK
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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Sarić A, Balog T, Sobocanec S, Kusić B, Sverko V, Rusak G, Likić S, Bubalo D, Pinto B, Reali D, Marotti T. Antioxidant effects of flavonoid from Croatian Cystus incanus L. rich bee pollen. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:547-54. [PMID: 19124059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant/antioxidant status, estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity and gene expression profile were studied in mice fed with Cystus incanus L. (Cistaceae) reach bee pollen from location in Central Croatia's Dalmatia coast and offshore islands. Seven phenolic compounds (out of 13 tested) in bee pollen sample were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Phenolics detected in C. incanus L. bee pollen belong to flavonol (pinocembrin), flavanols (quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, and isorhamnetin), flavones (chrysin) and phenylpropanoids (caffeic acid). Bee pollen as a food supplement (100mg/kgbw mixed with commercial food pellets) compared to control (commercial food pellets) modulated antioxidant enzymes (AOE) in the mice liver, brain and lysate of erythrocytes and reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO). Bee pollen induced 25% of anti-estrogenic properties while no estrogenic activity was found. Differential gene expression profile analyses after bee pollen enriched diet identify underexpressed gene Hspa9a, Tnfsf6 (liver) and down-regulated gene expression of Casp 1 and Cc121c (brain) which are important in the apoptosis pathway and chemotaxis. These results indicate that used bee pollen possess a noticable source of compounds with health protective potential and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bosković Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Jalil AMM, Ismail A. Polyphenols in cocoa and cocoa products: is there a link between antioxidant properties and health? Molecules 2008; 13:2190-219. [PMID: 18830150 PMCID: PMC6245372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa and cocoa products have received much attention due to their significant polyphenol contents. Cocoa and cocoa products, namely cocoa liquor, cocoa powder and chocolates (milk and dark chocolates) may present varied polyphenol contents and possess different levels of antioxidant potentials. For the past ten years, at least 28 human studies have been conducted utilizing one of these cocoa products. However, questions arise on which of these products would deliver the best polyphenol contents and antioxidant effects. Moreover, the presence of methylxanthines, peptides, and minerals could synergistically enhance or reduce antioxidant properties of cocoa and cocoa products. To a greater extent, cocoa beans from different countries of origins and the methods of preparation (primary and secondary) could also partially influence the antioxidant polyphenols of cocoa products. Hence, comprehensive studies on the aforementioned factors could provide the understanding of health-promoting activities of cocoa or cocoa products components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Ismail
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ; Tel.: +603- 89472435; Fax: +603-89426769
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Benavente-García O, Castillo J. Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: new findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:6185-205. [PMID: 18593176 DOI: 10.1021/jf8006568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Significantly, much of the activity of Citrus flavonoids appears to impact blood and microvascular endothelial cells, and it is not surprising that the two main areas of research on the biological actions of Citrus flavonoids have been inflammation and cancer. Epidemiological and animal studies point to a possible protective effect of flavonoids against cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. Although flavonoids have been studied for about 50 years, the cellular mechanisms involved in their biological action are still not completely known. Many of the pharmacological properties of Citrus flavonoids can be linked to the abilities of these compounds to inhibit enzymes involved in cell activation. Attempts to control cancer involve a variety of means, including the use of suppressing, blocking, and transforming agents. Suppressing agents prevent the formation of new cancers from procarcinogens, and blocking agents prevent carcinogenic compounds from reaching critical initiation sites, while transformation agents act to facilitate the metabolism of carcinogenic components into less toxic materials or prevent their biological actions. Flavonoids can act as all three types of agent. Many epidemiological studies have shown that regular flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In coronary heart disease, the protective effects of flavonoids include mainly antithrombotic, anti-ischemic, anti-oxidant, and vasorelaxant. It is suggested that flavonoids decrease the risk of coronary heart disease by three major actions: improving coronary vasodilatation, decreasing the ability of platelets in the blood to clot, and preventing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidizing. The anti-inflammatory properties of the Citrus flavonoids have also been studied. Several key studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids are due to its inhibition of the synthesis and biological activities of different pro-inflammatory mediators, mainly the arachidonic acid derivatives, prostaglandins E 2, F 2, and thromboxane A 2. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids can play a key role in their activity against several degenerative diseases and particularly brain diseases. The most abundant Citrus flavonoids are flavanones, such as hesperidin, naringin, or neohesperidin. However, generally, the flavones, such as diosmin, apigenin, or luteolin, exhibit higher biological activity, even though they occur in much lower concentrations. Diosmin and rutin have a demonstrated activity as a venotonic agent and are present in several pharmaceutical products. Apigenin and their glucosides have been shown a good anti-inflammatory activity without the side effects of other anti-inflammatory products. In this paper, we discuss the relation between each structural factor of Citrus flavonoids and the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protection activity of Citrus flavonoids and their role in degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Benavente-García
- Research and Development Department of Nutrafur-Furfural Español S.A., Camino Viejo de Pliego s/n, 80320 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain.
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Woodward GM. The potential effect of excessive coffee consumption on nicotine metabolism: CYP2A6 inhibition by caffeic acid and quercetin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/biohorizons/hzn021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Antioxidative effects of hesperetin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oxidative stress in mice. Life Sci 2008; 82:1059-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Lee ER, Kang YJ, Choi HY, Kang GH, Kim JH, Kim BW, Han YS, Nah SY, Paik HD, Park YS, Cho SG. Induction of apoptotic cell death by synthetic naringenin derivatives in human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 30:2394-8. [PMID: 18057732 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although flavonoids, which are both qualitatively and quantitatively one of the largest groups of natural products, exhibit a variety of beneficial health effects, the exact molecular mechanism of the cellular activities is still not fully explained and there currently exists a lack of evidence for any relationship between the structure-activity relationship and apoptosis-inducing activity. In order to determine the importance of the OH group or substitution of the 5 or carbon-7 in the diphenylpropane skeleton of flavonoids, we originally synthesized several modified naringenin derivatives, including 7-O-benzyl naringenin (KUF-1) and 7-O-(MeO-L-Leu-D-Pro-carbonylmethyl) naringenin (KUF-7). Treatment with KUF-1 or KUF-7 resulted in significant apoptosis-inducing effects concomitant with chromatin condensation, caspase activation, and intracellular ROS production. Our data indicate that originally synthesized naringenin derivatives, KUF-1 and KUF-7 differentially regulate the apoptosis of A549 cells via intracellular ROS production coupled with the concomitant activation of the caspase cascade signaling pathway, thereby implying that hydroxylation or substitution at Carbon-7 is critical for the apoptosis-inducing activity of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, RCTCP, Konkuk University, Seoul 143- 701, Korea
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Lee ER, Kang YJ, Kim HJ, Choi HY, Kang GH, Kim JH, Kim BW, Jeong HS, Park YS, Cho SG. Regulation of apoptosis by modified naringenin derivatives in human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:259-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Lizarraga D, Lozano C, Briedé JJ, van Delft JH, Touriño S, Centelles JJ, Torres JL, Cascante M. The importance of polymerization and galloylation for the antiproliferative properties of procyanidin-rich natural extracts. FEBS J 2007; 274:4802-11. [PMID: 17824958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera) and pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extracts are widely used as nutritional supplements. Procyanidin-rich fractions from grape and pine bark extract showing different mean degrees of polymerization, percentage of galloylation (percentage of gallate esters) and reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity were tested on HT29 human colon cancer cells. We observed that the most efficient fractions in inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in G(2) phase and inducing apoptosis were the grape fractions with the highest percentage of galloylation and mean degree of polymerization. Additionally, the antiproliferative effects of grape fractions were consistent with their oxygen radical-scavenging capacity and their ability to trigger DNA condensation-fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lizarraga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Frusciante L, Carli P, Ercolano MR, Pernice R, Di Matteo A, Fogliano V, Pellegrini N. Antioxidant nutritional quality of tomato. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:609-17. [PMID: 17427261 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Regular consumption of tomatoes has been associated with decreased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. Epidemiological findings confirm the observed health effects are due to the presence of different antioxidant molecules such as carotenoids, particularly lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamin E and phenol compounds, particularly flavonoids. In this work, eight components contributing to the healthy quality of tomato (i. e. lycopene, beta-carotene, other carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins C and E, dry residue) were studied in the framework of breeding programs aiming to develop nutritional superior genotypes. Twelve tomato advanced breeding lines and six open pollinated cultivars were grown in strictly controlled conditions and analysed for their content of antioxidants. Among the 18 genotypes analysed, 10 showed a high level of total carotenoids, 6 high level of beta-carotene, 9 high lycopene levels, 15 high flavonoids and 2 relevant concentration of vitamin E. Based on such data and on a literature survey on tomato composition, an index, called index of antioxidant nutritional quality (I(QUAN)), was proposed as a tool to address the breeding programs in selecting tomato genotypes with antioxidant nutritional qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Soil, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Nemeth K, Piskula MK. Food content, processing, absorption and metabolism of onion flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2007; 47:397-409. [PMID: 17457724 DOI: 10.1080/10408390600846291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The question as to how far the development of chronic diseases in humans depends on diet still remains open. Simultaneously, epidemiological studies suggest the consumption of a flavonoids rich diet might decrease the risk of degenerative changes and certain diseases. The intake of this group of compounds as to quality and quantity depends on dietary habits and a widespread presence of quercetin in the diet makes this compound one of the key factors. Onion, one of the richest and most common quercetin sources, was particularly often studied in different aspects. Quercetin is present in onion mainly as glycosides, of which the distribution within the onion bulb changes in onion processing, and biological activities attracted a lot of attention. Especially antioxidative activity demonstrated in vitro was initially associated with most of the beneficial effects of quercetin on the human body. However, after ingestion quercetin undergoes extensive metabolism and microbial action resulting in its altered or degraded structure; therefore, most of the effects shown in in vitro experiments with the pure compound cannot be directly extrapolated to in vivo systems. Yet, this does not mean that quercetin simultaneously loses its positive impact on consumer health. Even after being metabolized it may still affect the redox balance by inducing antioxidative and detoxifying enzymes or compounds which may be involved in sustaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nemeth
- VUP Food Research Institute, Priemyselna 4, 824 75 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Giovannini C, Scazzocchio B, Matarrese P, Varì R, D'Archivio M, Di Benedetto R, Casciani S, Dessì MR, Straface E, Malorni W, Masella R. Apoptosis induced by oxidized lipids is associated with up-regulation of p66Shc in intestinal Caco-2 cells: protective effects of phenolic compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 19:118-28. [PMID: 17588737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the alterations of the redox balance induced by the lipid fraction of oxLDL in Caco-2 intestinal cells, and the effects of tyrosol and protocatechuic acid, two dietary phenolic compounds. We found that oxidized lipids extracted from oxLDL (LipE) induced oxidative stress by determining, 6 h after treatment, ROS overproduction (about a 100% and a 43% increase of O*2 and H2O2 production, respectively, P<.05: LipE vs. control) and, 12 h after treatment, GSH depletion (about a 26% decrease, P<.05: LipE vs. control), and by impairing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In response to the induced oxidative stress, we observed significant overexpression of glutathione peroxidase (6 h after treatment: P<.05), glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (12 h after treatment: P<.05). Notably, when GSH depletion occurred, p66Shc protein expression increased by about 300% with respect to control (P<.001; LipE vs. control). These effects were fully counteracted by dietary phenolics which inhibited ROS overproduction and GSH consumption, rendered the reactive transcription of glutathione-associated enzymes unnecessary and blocked the intracellular signals leading to the overexpression and rearrangement of p66Shc signalling molecule. Altogether, these results suggest that the impairment of the antioxidant system hijacks intestinal cells towards an apoptotic-prone phenotype via the activation of p66Shc molecule. They also propose a reappraisal of dietary polyphenols as intestinal protecting agents, indicating the antiapoptotic effect as a further mechanism of action of these antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giovannini
- National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 299-00161 Rome, Italy.
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Murillo G, Hirschelman WH, Ito A, Moriarty RM, Kinghorn AD, Pezzuto JM, Mehta RG. Zapotin, a Phytochemical Present in a Mexican Fruit, Prevents Colon Carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2007; 57:28-37. [PMID: 17516860 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701268097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zapotin (5,6,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone), found in the tropical fruit zapote blanco (Casimiroa edulis), is consumed in many parts of the world, including Central America and Asia. Previously, we have demonstrated in vitro chemopreventive activity of extracts derived from the seeds of C. edulis. In the present study, we examined the effects of natural and synthetic zapotin in SW480, SW620, and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines and on the generation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) using mice. Zapotin treatment (IC50=2.74x10(-7 M)) resulted in a marked suppression of cell proliferation in the HT-29 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase, with a concomitant decrease of cells in the G0-G1 phase, after treatment with zapotin (molecular weight=342.35 g/mol; 1 microM for 18, 24, and 48 h). Zapotin treatment enhanced apoptosis in all of the colon cancer cell lines studied. For the study of ACF, 5-wk-old CF-1 mice were given subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane (AOM; 10 mg/kg body weight, BW) weekly for 2 wk, and zapotin (5 or 10 mg/kg BW; 46 or 92 pmol/kg BW) or vehicle was administered intragastrically 7 days/wk. The mean number of ACF for the control group was 14.0+/-2.3, whereas the mean numbers of ACF in the zapotin-treated groups were 6.2+/-1.7 and 4.6+/-1.4 at doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg BW, respectively. Loss of hexosaminidase, a lysosomal enzyme active in normal colonic crypts but decreased in up to 95% of ACF, was used as a second biomarker for colon carcinogenesis. Zapotin was found to significantly (P<0.01) prevent loss of hexosaminidase in the colon of AOM-treated mice. The present study is the first to report the potent anticancer activity of zapotin and suggests a role for zapotin both as a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveva Murillo
- Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Division, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Fridrich D, Kern M, Pahlke G, Volz N, Will F, Dietrich H, Marko D. Apple polyphenols diminish the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in HT29 colon carcinoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:594-601. [PMID: 17427262 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that an apple juice extract (AE) potently inhibits the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the present study, an apple pomace extract (APE) was found to exceed the EGFR inhibitory properties of AE in a cell-free system. The impact of the extracts on the phosphorylation status of the EGFR in intact cells (HT29) was sensitive to catalase, added to suppress the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. In the absence of catalase, the formation of hydrogen peroxide was observed, achieving 1.1 +/- 0.1 microM (AE) and 1.5 +/- 0.1 microM (APE) after 45 min of incubation. In the presence of catalase, suppressing the hydrogen peroxide level to the solvent control, APE effectively suppressed EGFR phosphorylation, even exceeding the effects of AE. Both extracts inhibited the growth of HT29 cells, albeit the enhanced EGFR inhibitory properties of APE compared to AE were not reflected by a higher growth inhibitory potential. The results clearly show that the effect of apple extracts on the EGFR and cell growth are not simply artefacts of hydrogen peroxide formation. However, the formation of hydrogen peroxide has to be considered to modulate and/or mask cellular responses to apple extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fridrich
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Section of Food Toxicology, University of Karlsruhe TH, Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Lund E. Olive oil phenolics: effects on DNA-oxidation and redox enzyme mRNA in prostate cells. Br J Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yeh SL, Wu SH. Effects of quercetin on β-apo-8′-carotenal-induced DNA damage and cytochrome P1A2 expression in A549 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 163:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Free radicals are reactive compounds that are naturally produced in the human body. They can exert positive effects (e.g. on the immune system) or negative effects (e.g. lipids, proteins or DNA oxidation). To limit these harmful effects, an organism requires complex protection - the antioxidant system. This system consists of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E [tocopherol], vitamin A [retinol], vitamin C [ascorbic acid], glutathione and uric acid). An imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defence leads to an oxidative stress state, which may be involved in aging processes and even in some pathology (e.g. cancer and Parkinson's disease). Physical exercise also increases oxidative stress and causes disruptions of the homeostasis. Training can have positive or negative effects on oxidative stress depending on training load, training specificity and the basal level of training. Moreover, oxidative stress seems to be involved in muscular fatigue and may lead to overtraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Finaud
- Laboratoire Biologie Interuniversitaire des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière, France.
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Tomecková V, Guzy J, Kusnír J, Fodor K, Mareková M, Chavková Z, Perjési P. Comparison of the effects of selected chalcones, dihydrochalcones and some cyclic flavonoids on mitochondrial outer membrane determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 69:143-50. [PMID: 16814866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect on mitochondrial outer membrane of 4-hydroxychalcone (1), the cyclic chalcone analogues E-2-(4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-indanone (2a) and E-2-(4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-tetralone (2b), the dihydrochalcones phloretin (3a) and phloridzin (3b), the flavanones naringenin (4a) and naringin (4b), and the flavonol quercetin (5) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of each flavonoid and synthetic analogue were recorded in respiration medium containing 1 mM succinate. Initial interaction of the compounds with the outer mitochondrial membrane was investigated by recording their fluorescence polarization in the presence of rat liver mitochondria. Most of the compounds displayed an elevated fluorescence polarization on mixing with mitochondria at the zero time point. During the investigated 20 min period the initial fluorescence polarization values remained constant (1, 2a), or a gradual depression of the measured polarization values could be observed (2b, 3a, 4b, 5). In the case of naringenin (4a), however, similar to the previously investigated seven-membered cyclic chalcone analogue E-2-(4 -methoxybenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone, a slight, continuous increase of fluorescence polarization could be detected during the 20 min experiment. Phloridzin (3b) showed an increased fluorescence polarization in first 10 min, which was slightly depressed by the 20 min time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Tomecková
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine UPJS, Trieda SNP 1, Kosice, Slovakia
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Clowers BH, Hill HH. Influence of cation adduction on the separation characteristics of flavonoid diglycoside isomers using dual gate-ion mobility-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:339-51. [PMID: 16498610 DOI: 10.1002/jms.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An electrospray ionization-dual gate-ion mobility-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer was used to evaluate the separation characteristics of isomeric flavonoid diglycosides adducted with sodium, potassium, and silver. This instrumental configuration allows ions to be selectively accumulated within the ion trap on the basis of their gas phase conformation prior to mass analysis. For the metal cations examined, silver produced the most compact adducts with flavonoid diglycosides. Listed in order of increasing size, the trend of flavonoid diglycoside ion-neutral cross sections adducted with Na+, K+, and Ag+ was narirutin < naringin < hesperidin < neohesperidin < rutin. To examine the separation contribution of the carbohydrate group, hesperetin, the aglycone of hesperidin, and neohesperin were compared to quercetin, the aglycone of rutin. Separation of the flavonoid diglycosides indicated that quercetin-derived diglycosides drifted longer than their hesperetin-derived isomers. Combined with the observed collision assisted dissociation (CAD) data, these findings suggest that carbohydrate moiety plays a significant role in both the separation and metal chelating characteristics of flavonoid diglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Yeh SL, Wang WY, Huang CS, Hu ML. Flavonoids suppresses the enhancing effect of beta-carotene on DNA damage induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A549 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160:175-82. [PMID: 16497287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of beta-carotene with a common flavonoid (naringin, quercetin or rutin) on DNA damage induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a potent tobacco-related carcinogen in human. A human lung cancer cell line, A549, was pre-incubated with beta-carotene, a flavonoid, or both for 1h followed by incubation with NNK for 4 h. Then, we determined DNA strand breaks and the level of 7-methylguanine (7-mGua), a product of NNK metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP). We showed that beta-carotene at 20 microM significantly enhanced NNK-induced DNA strand breaks and 7-mGua levels by 90% (p < 0.05) and 70% (p < 0.05), respectively, and that the effect of beta-carotene was associated with an increased metabolism of NNK by CYP because the concomitant addition of 1-aminobenzotriazole, a CYP inhibitor, with beta-carotene to cells strongly inhibited NNK-induced DNA strand breaks. In contrast to beta-carotene, incubation of cells with naringin, quercetin or rutin added at 23 microM led to significant inhibition of NNK-induced DNA strand breaks, and the effect was in the order of quercetin > naringin > rutin. However, these flavonoids did not significantly affect the level of 7-mGua induced by NNK. Co-incubation of beta-carotene with any of these flavonoids significantly inhibited the enhancing effect of beta-carotene on NNK-induced DNA strand breaks; the effects of flavonoids were dose-dependent and were also in the order of quercetin > naringin > rutin. Co-incubation of beta-carotene with any of these flavonoids also significantly inhibited the loss of beta-carotene incorporated into the cells, and the effects of the flavonoids were also in the order of quercetin > naringin > rutin. The protective effects of these flavonoids may be attributed to their antioxidant activities because they significantly decreased intracellular ROS, and the effects were also in the order of quercetin > naringin > rutin. These in vitro results suggest that a combination of beta-carotene with naringin, rutin, or quercetin may increase the safety of beta-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lan Yeh
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Brown AC, Reitzenstein JE, Liu J, Jadus MR. The anti-cancer effects of poi (Colocasia esculenta) on colonic adenocarcinoma cells In vitro. Phytother Res 2006; 19:767-71. [PMID: 16220568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hawaiians tend to have lower incidence rates of colorectal cancer and it was hypothesized that this may be due to ethnic differences in diet, specifically, their consumption of poi, a starchy paste made from the taro (Colocasia esulenta L.) plant corm. Soluble extracts of poi were incubated at 100 mg/mL in vitro for antiproliferative activity against the rat YYT colon cancer cell line. (3)H-thymidine incorporation studies were conducted to demonstrate that the poi inhibited the proliferation of these cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The greatest suppression of YYT colon cancer growth occurred when 25% concentration was used. When poi was incubated with the YYT cells after 2 days, the YYT cells underwent apoptotic changes as evidenced by a positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain. Poi enhanced the proliferation of normal mouse splenocyte control cells, suggesting that poi is not simply toxic to all cells but even has a positive immunostimulatory role. By flow cytometry, T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) were predominantly activated by the poi. Although numerous factors can contribute to the risk of colon cancer, perhaps poi consumption may contribute to the lower colon cancer rates among Hawaiians by two distinct mechanisms. First, by inducing apoptosis within colon cancer cells; second, by non-specifically activating lymphocytes, which in turn can lyse cancerous cells. Our results suggest for the first time that poi may have novel tumor specific anti-cancer activities and future research is suggested with animal studies and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA.
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Schoene NW, Kelly MA, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Water-soluble polymeric polyphenols from cinnamon inhibit proliferation and alter cell cycle distribution patterns of hematologic tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett 2005; 230:134-40. [PMID: 16253769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore possible anti-cancer properties of water-soluble, polymeric polyphenols from cinnamon, three myeloid cell lines (Jurkat, Wurzburg, and U937) were exposed to increasing concentrations of an aqueous extract prepared from cinnamon (CE) for 24 h. Cell growth and cell cycle distribution patterns responded in a dose-dependent manner to CE. That is, an increase in the percentage of cells distributed in G2/M was observed in all three cell lines as the amount of CE increased. At the highest dose of CE, the percentage of Wurzburg cells in G2/M was 1.5- and 2.0-fold higher than those observed for Jurkat and U937 cells, respectively. Wurzburg cells lack the CD45 phosphatase and may be more sensitive to imbalances in signaling through kinase/phosphatase networks that promote growth. The results suggest the potential of CE to interact with phosphorylation/dephosphorylation signaling activities to reduce cellular proliferation in tandem with a block at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberta W Schoene
- Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Bldg 307C, Rm 227, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Moon YJ, Wang X, Morris ME. Dietary flavonoids: effects on xenobiotic and carcinogen metabolism. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 20:187-210. [PMID: 16289744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables and beverages derived from plants (tea, red wine), and in many dietary supplements or herbal remedies including Ginkgo Biloba, Soy Isoflavones, and Milk Thistle. Flavonoids have been described as health-promoting, disease-preventing dietary supplements, and have activity as cancer preventive agents. Additionally, they are extremely safe and associated with low toxicity, making them excellent candidates for chemopreventive agents. The cancer protective effects of flavonoids have been attributed to a wide variety of mechanisms, including modulating enzyme activities resulting in the decreased carcinogenicity of xenobiotics. This review focuses on the flavonoid effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the activation of procarcinogens and phase II enzymes, largely responsible for the detoxification of carcinogens. A number of naturally occurring flavonoids have been shown to modulate the CYP450 system, including the induction of specific CYP isozymes, and the activation or inhibition of these enzymes. Some flavonoids alter CYPs through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, acting as either AhR agonists or antagonists. Inhibition of CYP enzymes, including CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2E1 and 3A4 by competitive or mechanism-based mechanisms also occurs. Flavones (chrysin, baicalein, and galangin), flavanones (naringenin) and isoflavones (genistein, biochanin A) inhibit the activity of aromatase (CYP19), thus decreasing estrogen biosynthesis and producing antiestrogenic effects, important in breast and prostate cancers. Activation of phase II detoxifying enzymes, such as UDP-glucuronyl transferase, glutathione S-transferase, and quinone reductase by flavonoids results in the detoxification of carcinogens and represents one mechanism of their anticarcinogenic effects. A number of flavonoids including fisetin, galangin, quercetin, kaempferol, and genistein represent potent non-competitive inhibitors of sulfotransferase 1A1 (or P-PST); this may represent an important mechanism for the chemoprevention of sulfation-induced carcinogenesis. Importantly, the effects of flavonoids on enzymes are generally dependent on the concentrations of flavonoids present, and the different flavonoids ingested. Due to the low oral bioavailability of many flavonoids, the concentrations achieved in vivo following dietary administration tend to be low, and may not reflect the concentrations tested under in vitro conditions; however, this may not be true following the ingestion of herbal preparations when much higher plasma concentrations may be obtained. Effects will also vary with the tissue distribution of enzymes, and with the species used in testing since differences between species in enzyme activities also can be substantial. Additionally, in humans, marked interindividual variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes occurs as a result of genetic and environmental factors. This variability in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and the effect of flavonoid ingestion on enzyme expression and activity can contribute to the varying susceptibility different individuals have to diseases such as cancer. As well, flavonoids may also interact with chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment through the induction or inhibition of their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-1200, USA
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Masella R, Di Benedetto R, Varì R, Filesi C, Giovannini C. Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:577-86. [PMID: 16111877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits and vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. Several polyphenols have been demonstrated to have clear antioxidant properties in vitro, and many of their biological actions have been attributed to their intrinsic reducing capabilities. However, this concept appears now to be a simplistic way to conceive their activity. Evidence is indeed accumulating that polyphenols might exert several other specific biological effects that are as yet poorly understood. In this article we review the most recent data on the subject and describe the additional functions that polyphenols can have in biological systems, focusing on their effects on glutathione and its related enzymes. Experimental data indicate that polyhenols may offer an indirect protection by activating endogenous defense systems. Several lines of evidence suggest a tight connection between exogenous and endogenous antioxidants that appear to act in a coordinated fashion. It is reasonable to hypothesize that this is achieved, at least in part, through antioxidant responsive elements (AREs) present in the promoter regions of many of the genes inducible by oxidative and chemical stress. The latest studies strongly suggest that dietary polyphenols can stimulate antioxidant transcription and detoxification defense systems through ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Masella
- National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Understanding local Mediterranean diets: A multidisciplinary pharmacological and ethnobotanical approach. Pharmacol Res 2005; 52:353-66. [PMID: 16051496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate a beneficial effect of Mediterranean diets on human health, especially on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. These observations are supported by recent intervention studies. However, very little is known about the current role of local Mediterranean food products, which are consumed on a less regular basis and their contribution to a healthy diet. The European consortium "Local Food-Nutraceuticals" collected 127 locally consumed wild or semi-wild plants in three Mediterranean countries, i.e. Greece, Italy, and Spain, in order to assess their ethnobotanical features as well as their biological activities. The project also includes a second line of research, the study of local conceptions about these food resources. All pharmacological assays were conducted with ethanolic extracts prepared from the dried plant material. The biological activities of the extracts were assessed with the following 12 different assays covering a broad range of mechanisms considered crucial in the pathology of chronic, aging-related diseases. Four antioxidant tests: DPPH scavenging, prevention of oxyhaemoglobin bleaching, prevention of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation), and protection from DNA damage (Comet assay); three enzyme inhibition tests: inhibition of xanthine oxidase, inhibition of myeloperoxidase-catalysed guaiacol oxidation as well as the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase; one test investigating the inhibition of cytokine-induced cell activation (including the extracts' potential cytotoxicity); one assay measuring the anti-proliferation potential; one test assessing the anti-diabetic activity (PPARgamma) as well as one assay investigating the extracts' effect on mood disorder-related biochemical parameters (hSERT). Furthermore, the polyphenol content of all extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteaus method. The assays revealed diverse biological effects for the tested extracts ranging from no activity to almost complete inhibition/activation. Moreover, the experimental matrix led to the identification of a sub-set of extracts, i.e. Berberis vulgaris, Reichardia picroides, Scandix australis, Satureja montana, Thymus piperella, Lythrum salicaria and Vitis vinifera, showing high activity in a broad range of assays. In summary, the in vitro observed modulations and effects exerted by extracts derived from local food plants suggest that these plants may contribute to the observed better aging of rural Mediterranean populations.
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Kim YJ, Park HJ, Yoon SH, Kim MJ, Leem KH, Chung JH, Kim HK. Anticancer effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidins on human colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:4674-8. [PMID: 16094708 PMCID: PMC4615409 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i30.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), natural polyphenolic compounds found in plants, are known to have antioxidant and anti-cancer effects. We investigated whether the anti-cancer effects of the OPC are induced by apoptosis on human colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4.
METHODS: Colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cytotoxic effect of OPC was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenylt-etrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To find out the apoptotic cell death, 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed.
RESULTS: In this study, cytotoxic effect of OPC on SNU-C4 cells appeared in a dose-dependent manner. OPC treatment (100 µg/mL) revealed typical morphological apoptotic features. Additionally OPC treatment (100 µg/mL) increased level of BAX and CASPASE-3, and decreased level of BCL-2 mRNA expression. Caspase-3 enzyme activity was also significantly increased by treatment of OPC (100 µg/mL) compared with control.
CONCLUSION: These data indicate that OPC caused cell death by apoptosis through caspase pathways on human colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Seosan, South Korea
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Yeh SL, Wang WY, Huang CH, Hu ML. Pro-oxidative effect of beta-carotene and the interaction with flavonoids on UVA-induced DNA strand breaks in mouse fibroblast C3H10T1/2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:729-35. [PMID: 16098732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that beta-carotene itself is unstable under certain conditions and that a combination of antioxidants may prevent the pro-oxidative effects of beta-carotene. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the interaction of beta-carotene with three flavonoids-naringin, rutin and quercetin-on DNA damage induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) in C3H10T1/2 cells, a mouse embryo fibroblast. The cells were preincubated with beta-carotene and/or flavonoid for 1 h followed by UVA irradiation, and DNA damage was measured using comet assay. We showed that beta-carotene at 20 microM enhanced DNA damage (by 35%; P<.05) induced by UVA (7.6 kJ/m2), whereas naringin, rutin and quercetin significantly decreased UVA-induced DNA damage. When each flavonoid was combined with beta-carotene during preincubation, UVA-induced cellular DNA damage was significantly suppressed and the effects were in the order of naringin > or = rutin > quercetin. The flavonoids decreased UVA-induced oxidation of preincorporated beta-carotene in the same order. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we showed that the ability of these flavonoids to quench singlet oxygen was consistent with protection against DNA damage and beta-carotene oxidation. All three flavonoids had some absorption at the UVA range (320-380 nm), but the effects were opposite to those on DNA damage and beta-carotene oxidation. Taken together, this cell culture study demonstrates an interaction between flavonoids and beta-carotene in UVA-induced DNA damage, and the results suggest that a combination of beta-carotene with naringin, rutin or quercetin may increase the safety of beta-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lan Yeh
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, ROC
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Ferry G, Ubeaud C, Dauly C, Mozo J, Guillard S, Berger S, Jimenez S, Scoul C, Leclerc G, Yous S, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. Purification of the recombinant human serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87): further characterization of and comparison with AANAT from other species. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 38:84-98. [PMID: 15477086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized by a series of enzymes, the penultimate one, serotonin N-acetyltransferase, catalyzing the limiting reaction. In the present study, we compared the recombinant serotonin N-acetyltransferases from rat, ovine, and human. The human protein is particularly difficult to purify because it interacts strongly with a putative chaperone protein from bacteria whereas the rat and sheep enzymes, which interact less strongly with this protein, have been purified close to homogeneity. We identified the contaminating protein as GroEL, the bacterial equivalent of Hsp60. We present numerous catalytic activities (substrate and cosubstrate specificities as well as inhibitor specificities) measured on the three species enzymes from which we deduced that the presence of the chaperone might partly explain the differences between the various species enzyme characteristics, beside the inter-species ones resulting from sequence differences. Despite several trials reported in the literature, a purification to homogeneity of the human (recombinant) enzyme has never been described. We present a new purification method, by using an original denaturation/renaturation process in which the enzyme is immobilized on an affinity chromatography column. The enzyme is then eluted in an active and pure form (i.e., absence of chaperone). The up-scaled system permitted us to perform the necessary experiments for the measurement of more accurate affinities of human serotonin N-acetyltransferase towards its main natural substrates, showing that only the activity of the enzyme towards phenylethylamine was modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ferry
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 125, chemin de Ronde 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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Kern M, Tjaden Z, Ngiewih Y, Puppel N, Will F, Dietrich H, Pahlke G, Marko D. Inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor in apple juice extract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:317-28. [PMID: 15759309 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol-rich extract of a consumer-relevant apple juice blend was found to potently inhibit the growth of the human colon cancer cell line HT29 in vitro. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its subsequent signaling cascade play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation in HT29 cells. The protein tyrosine kinase activity of an EGFR preparation was effectively inhibited by the polyphenol-rich apple juice extract. Treatment of intact cells with this extract resulted in the suppression of the subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Amongst the so far identified apple juice constituents, the proanthocyanidins B1 and B2 as well as quercetin-3-glc (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-gal (hyperoside) were found to possess substantial EGFR-inhibitory properties. However, as to be expected from the final concentration of these potential EGFR inhibitors in the original polyphenol-rich extract, a synthetic mixture of the apple juice constituents identified and available so far, including both proanthocyanidins and the quercetin glycosides, showed only marginal inhibitory effects on the EGFR. These results permit the assumption that yet unknown constituents contribute substantially to the potent EGFR-inhibitory properties of polyphenol-rich apple juice extract. In summary, the polyphenol composition of apple juice possesses promising growth-inhibitory properties, affecting proliferation-associated signaling cascades in colon tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kern
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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