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Marshall CJ, Garrett K, Van Vliet S, Beck MR, Gregorini P. Dietary and Animal Strategies to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Pastoral Dairy Systems Result in Altered Nutraceutical Profiles in Milk. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212994. [PMID: 36359120 PMCID: PMC9657149 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and provide further insights into how dairy cows genetically divergent for milk urea N breeding values [MUNBV, high (2.21 ± 0.21) vs. low (−1.16 ± 0.21); µ ± SEM], consuming either fresh cut Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L., PL) or Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., RG) herbage, impacted the nutraceutical profile of whole milk by investigating amino and fatty acid composition and applying metabolomic profiling techniques. Both diet and MUNBV, and their interaction term, were found to affect the relative abundance of alanine, glycine, histidine, and phenylalanine in the milk (p < 0.05), but their minor absolute differences (up to ~0.13%) would not be considered biologically relevant. Differences were also detected in the fatty acid profile based on MUNBV and diet (p < 0.05) with low MUNBV cows having a greater content of total unsaturated fatty acids (+16%) compared to high MUNBV cows and cows consuming PL having greater content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (+92%), omega 3 (+101%) and 6 (+113%) compared to RG. Differences in the metabolomic profile of the milk were also detected for both MUNBV and dietary treatments. Low MUNBV cows were found to have greater abundances of choline phosphate, phosphorylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, and 2-dimethylaminoethanol (p < 0.05). High MUNBV cows had a greater abundance of methionine sulfoxide, malate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), glycerate, arabitol/xylitol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, 5-hydroxylysine and cystine (p < 0.05). Large differences (p < 0.05) were also detected as a result of diet with PL diets having greater abundances of the phytochemicals 4-acetylcatechol sulfate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide whilst RG diets had greater abundances of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamidophenol sulfate, and 2-hydroxyhippurate. The results of this study indicate the potential to alter the nutraceutical value of milk from dietary and genetic strategies that have been previously demonstrated to reduce environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Joel Marshall
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Konagh Garrett
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Stephan Van Vliet
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Matthew Raymond Beck
- Livestock Nutrient Management Research Unit, The Agricultural Research Service, The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), 300 Simmons Drive, Unit 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Pablo Gregorini
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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Winichayakul S, Curran A, Moraga R, Cookson R, Xue H, Crowther T, Roldan M, Bryan G, Roberts N. An alternative angiosperm DGAT1 topology and potential motifs in the N-terminus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951389. [PMID: 36186081 PMCID: PMC9523541 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The highly variable cytoplasmic N-terminus of the plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has been shown to have roles in oligomerization as well as allostery; however, the biological significance of the variation within this region is not understood. Comparing the coding sequences over the variable N-termini revealed the Poaceae DGAT1s contain relatively high GC compositional gradients as well as numerous direct and inverted repeats in this region. Using a variety of reciprocal chimeric DGAT1s from angiosperms we show that related N-termini had similar effects (positive or negative) on the accumulation of the recombinant protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When expressed in Camelina sativa seeds the recombinant proteins of specific chimeras elevated total lipid content of the seeds as well as increased seed size. In addition, we combine N- and C-terminal as well as internal tags with high pH membrane reformation, protease protection and differential permeabilization. This led us to conclude the C-terminus is in the ER lumen; this contradicts earlier reports of the cytoplasmic location of plant DGAT1 C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrutai Winichayakul
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Amy Curran
- ZeaKal Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Roger Moraga
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Cookson
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hong Xue
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tracey Crowther
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marissa Roldan
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Greg Bryan
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
- ZeaKal Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nick Roberts
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
- ZeaKal Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
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Willett M, Campbell M, Schoenfeld E, Callcott E. Review of Associated Health Benefits of Algal Supplementation in Cattle with Reference to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Feedlot Systems. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151943. [PMID: 35953932 PMCID: PMC9367321 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Australian beef industry bovine respiratory disease is considered one of the most common disease and costs the industry an average net loss of $1647.53 Australian dollars per animal death to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). This is due to the disease overwhelming the animal’s immune system during a period where they experience multiple stressors that consequently increase the animal’s susceptivity to disease. Research into the bioactive compounds commonly found in marine algae is rapidly increasing due to its positive health benefits and potential immune modulating properties. Algal supplementation within previous studies has resulted in improved reproduction potential, growth performance, increases antioxidant activity and decreased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Additional research is required to further understand the aetiology of BRD and complete analysis of the bioavailability of these bioactive compounds within marine algae to fully explore the potential of marine algae supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Willett
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Campbell
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Ebony Schoenfeld
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Callcott
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-4582
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Makmur M, Zain M, Sholikin MM, Suharlina, Jayanegara A. Modulatory effects of dietary tannins on polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09828. [PMID: 35815140 PMCID: PMC9263859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tannins are a group of phenolic compounds that can modify the rumen biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but to date results obtained have been inconsistent. This study therefore aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the scientific literature related to the effects of tannins on rumen BH and fermentation. Methods A total of 28 articles were collected from various scientific databases, such as Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and the data were analysed using a random effects model and meta-regression for rumen BH. The publication bias on the main variables of rumen fermentation was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Results An increase in tannin levels significantly reduced methane production (p < 0.001) and the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (p < 0.05). Dietary tannins also decreased the SFA proportion (p < 0.001) and increased (p < 0.001) the rumen monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions. In additions, there were negative relationships between dietary tannin levels and BH rates of C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dietary tannins modulate the rumen fermentation profile, mitigate methane emissions, and inhibit rumen BH of PUFA.
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Zhu X, Liu B, Xiao J, Guo M, Zhao S, Hu M, Cui Y, Li D, Wang C, Ma S, Shi Y. Effects of Different Roughage Diets on Fattening Performance, Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Composition, and Rumen Microbe in Steers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:885069. [PMID: 35799586 PMCID: PMC9253607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.885069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate different roughages on fatting performance, muscle fatty acids, rumen fermentation and rumen microbes of steers. Seventy-five Simmental crossbred steers were randomly divided into wheat straw group (WG), peanut vine group (PG) and alfalfa hay group (AG), with 5 replicates of 5 steers each. The results showed a highest average daily gain and lowest feed/gain ratio in AG group (P = 0.001). Steers fed alfalfa hay had the highest muscle marbling score and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and also the rumen NH3-N and microbial protein (MCP) concentration among the three groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that ruminal NH3-N and MCP were negatively correlated with muscle saturated fatty acid (SFA), while ruminal MCP was positively correlated with muscle PUFA and n-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA analysis indicated that fed alfalfa hay decreased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-001(P = 0.005). More importantly, muscle SFA deposition were positively correlated to the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-001 (P < 0.05), while the muscle PUFA and n-3 PUFA deposition were negatively correlated to it (P < 0.01). Therefore, alfalfa hay provides a better fattening effect on steers. Alfalfa rich in n-3 PUFA would reduce the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-001 involved in hydrogenation, increase the rumen protective effect of C18:3 n-3, which is beneficial to the deposition of muscle n-3 PUFA and PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junnan Xiao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shumin Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Menglin Hu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Sakowski T, Grodkowski G, Gołebiewski M, Slósarz J, Kostusiak P, Solarczyk P, Puppel K. Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Beef Quality—A Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:819605. [PMID: 35280136 PMCID: PMC8907586 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.819605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavor, quality, and composition of beef changes with the cattle diet regimen. The quality of meat varies, and that variability is determined by both individual and environmental factors: age, breed, live weight, fatness degree, plane of nutrition, and concentrate/roughage ratio. The strategy for the rearing and feeding of cattle for slaughter should therefore aim at reducing the saturated fatty acid content and increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels. Many diseases in humans, like atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, are associated with dietary fat, and their development process could take a year, the results of which can be a shorter life and its lower quality. The objective of this review was to describe the factors affecting the meat quality and fatty acid profile of the intramuscular fat of European cattle fed various diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sakowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grodkowski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołebiewski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Slósarz
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kostusiak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Solarczyk
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Kamila Puppel
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Nguyen T T, Navarrete S, Horne D, Donaghy D, Kemp P. Forage plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.): meta-analysis quantifying the decrease in nitrogen excretion, the increase in milk production, and the changes in milk composition of dairy cows grazing pastures containing plantain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Tian XZ, Li JX, Luo QY, Wang X, Xiao MM, Zhou D, Lu Q, Chen X. Effect of Supplementation With Selenium-Yeast on Muscle Antioxidant Activity, Meat Quality, Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:813672. [PMID: 35146016 PMCID: PMC8821878 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.813672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of selenium-yeast (SY) on growth performance, muscle antioxidant activity, meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in growing goats. A total of 18 Qianbei-pockmarked goats were assigned to three groups (six duplicates per group) by body weight (25.75 ± 1.75 kg; mean ± standard deviation) according to a completely randomized design: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) CON with 2.4 mg/kg SY (LS); and (3) CON with 4.8 mg/kg SY (HS). The results indicated that goats receiving SY did not show any differences (P > 0.05) in terms of dry matter intake, growth performance, or muscle chemical composition. In addition, dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the pH values (pH45min and pH24h), percentage of water loss, drip loss, or cooking loss. The HS group showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the dressing percentage, eye muscle area and meat color, as well as muscle total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity levels, whereas it showed a significant drop (P < 0.05) in shear force and muscle malondialdehyde levels relative to the control. Feeding 4.8 mg/kg SY led to a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the levels of C8:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0 and total saturated fatty acids, whereas it led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in C15:1 in comparison with that of the control group. Goats receiving 2.4 mg/kg SY had significantly (P < 0.05) increased C16:1, C17:1, C18:1n7, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, C20:4n6, C22:1n9, and PUFA relative to the control group. Compared with the control group, the treatment groups had higher (P < 0.05) levels of C18:1n9, C22:4, and monounsaturated fatty acids. The inclusion of 2.4 mg/kg SY induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in 4-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and umami amino acid concentrations compared to the control. In addition, the feeding of 4.8 mg/kg SY had significantly higher (P < 0.05) muscle serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, ornithine hydrochloride, methionine, and tyrosine levels than the control group. Collectively, Se supplementation in the diet did not affect growth performance, muscle chemical composition, whereas it could improve meat quality, muscle antioxidant activity, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in Qianbei-pockmarked goats. This showed that the optimal accession SY level was 4.8 mg/kg under the experimental conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Lu
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Xiang Chen
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Tropical grass and legume pastures may alter lamb meat physical and chemical characteristics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:427. [PMID: 34341838 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the influence of the type of the tropical pastures on lamb body weight (BW) gain and meat quality. Fifty-four lambs were allocated to three grazing pastures: (1) AG - Aruana grass (Panicum maximum cv. IZ-5); (2) PP - pigeon pea legume (Cajanus cajan cv. Anão); and (3) CS - contiguous swards, half of the paddock with AG and half with PP. After 92 days of grazing, the lambs were slaughtered. Carcasses were evaluated and the longissimus muscle was collected to determine color, lipid profile, tocopherol concentrations, and lipid oxidation. Although the pastures present differences in the characteristics of nutritional quality, the animals did not show difference in BW gain. The results show that all forage presented similar concentration of alpha-tocopherol (137 ± 14.37 mg kg-1 of fresh matter), whereas total and condensed tannin contents were greater in PP, intermediate in CS, and the lowest in AG treatment (P = 0.0001). Meat α-tocopherol content was similar among treatments (P = 0.1392), with an average concentration close to the optimal level to reduce the meat oxidation. Meat from AG treatment had 45 and 25% lower n-6/n-3 ratio than meat from PP and CS treatments, respectively. The legume increases the unsaturated fatty acids and the grass can reduce the n6/n3 ratio. The level of condensed tannin concentration did show to have important effect on meat characteristics. Both tropical pastures studied can provide a high amount of alpha-tocopherol, generating a great potential to increase the concentration of this antioxidant in lamb's meat.
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Sun HZ, Zhu Z, Zhou M, Wang J, Dugan MER, Guan LL. Gene co-expression and alternative splicing analysis of key metabolic tissues to unravel the regulatory signatures of fatty acid composition in cattle. RNA Biol 2020; 18:854-862. [PMID: 32931715 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1824060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the healthy/unhealthy fatty acid (FA) ratio in meat is one of the urgent tasks required to address consumer concerns. However, the regulatory mechanisms ultimately resulting in FA profiles vary among animals and remain largely unknown. In this study, using ~1.2 Tb high-quality RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic data of 188 samples from four key metabolic tissues (rumen, liver, muscle, and backfat) together with the contents of 49 FAs in backfat, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of these tissues contributing to FA formation in cattle were explored. Using this large dataset, the alternative splicing (AS) events, one of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in four tissues were identified. The highly conserved and absent AS events were detected in rumen tissue, which may contribute to its functional differences compared with the other three tissues. In addition, the healthy/unhealthy FA ratio related AS events, differential expressed (DE) genes, co-expressed genes, and their functions in four tissues were analysed. Eight key genes were identified from the integrated analysis of DE, co-expressed, and AS genes between animals with high and low healthy/unhealthy FA ratios. This study provides an applicable pipeline for AS events based on comprehensive RNA-Seq analysis and improves our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of FAs in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Burnett DD, Legako JF, Phelps KJ, Gonzalez JM. Biology, strategies, and fresh meat consequences of manipulating the fatty acid composition of meat. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa033. [PMID: 31999826 PMCID: PMC7036598 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility and attractiveness of adipose tissue within meat products vary based on species, cut, and consumer preference. In beef, producers are rewarded for producing carcasses with greater visual marbling at the 12th and 13th rib juncture, while pork producers are either not rewarded or penalized for producing carcasses with too much adipose tissue. Some consumers prefer to purchase leaner meat cuts, while other consumers pay premiums to consume products with elevated fat content. While no clear consumer adipose tissue preference standard exists, advances in beef and swine nutrition have enabled producers to target markets that enable them to maximize profits. One niche market that has increased in popularity over the last decade is manipulating the fatty acid profile, specifically increasing omega-3 fatty acid content, of beef and pork products to increase their appeal in a healthy diet. While much research has documented the ability of preharvest diet to alter the fatty acid profile of beef and pork, the same studies have indicated both the color and palatability of these products were negatively affected if preharvest diets were not managed properly. The following review discusses the biology of adipose tissue and lipid accumulation, altering the omega-3 fatty acid profile of beef and pork, negative fresh meat color and palatability associated with these studies, and strategies to mitigate the negative effects of increased omega-3 fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville
| | - Jerrad F Legako
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
| | | | - John M Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens
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Cenzano AM, Arslan I. Comprehensive and quantitative profiling of lipid molecular species by LC-ESI-MS/MS of four native species from semiarid Patagonian Monte. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:447-456. [PMID: 31812010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of lipid and fatty acids unsaturated composition has been described as one of the mechanisms associated to drought tolerance, but research about the lipid profile in native plants of semiarid environment is still limited. The primary objective was to study whether lipid profiles correlates with drought resistance strategies (tolerant or avoidant) of two life forms (shrubs and grasses). The lipid classes and molecular species of green leaves of Larrea divaricata and Lycium chilense shrubs and Pappostipa speciosa and Poa ligularis grasses were determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The soil water content was very low during spring and leaf relative water content was between 47 and 74% in the four species. Lipid profiling was different between both life forms. The prevalent compounds were digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidic acid (PA). The lipid signature shows that L. divaricata adjust its lipid composition to tolerate drought, increasing the content of: a) total lipids and total phospholipids, b) structural phospholipids (36:4 and 36:2-PC, phosphatidylcholine; 36:4-PE, phosphatidylethanolamine), c) chloroplast and mitochondria lipids (32:1 and 32:0-PG, phosphatidylglycerol; 34:3, 36:6 and 36:3-DGDG), d) signaling lipids (34:3, 34:2 and 36:5-PA and PI, phosphatidylinositol), and e) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, 18:3 and 18:2) and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs, in 40:2 and 42:2-PS, phosphatidylserine). This membrane lipid composition contributes to membrane stabilization as metabolic-functional strategy for drought tolerance in the Patagonian Monte. In addition, the 18:3 present in lipids of both grasses could be incorporated to lamb fed based on pastures and result healthy for human dietary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cenzano
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal (ECOFIVE), Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPEEC- CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, CP 9120, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Idris Arslan
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Incivez, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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13
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Mangwe MC, Bryant RH, Beck MR, Fleming AE, Gregorini P. Grazed chicory, plantain or ryegrass–white clover alters milk yield and fatty acid composition of late-lactating dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to compare milk fatty acid composition of cows grazing perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture (RGWC), with that of cows grazing alternative forages of chicory or plantain. Fifty-four cows, balanced for milk solids, days in milk and bodyweight, were divided evenly into replicated groups of six cows/group. Cows grazing chicory or plantain had similar estimated dry-matter intake (17.7 kg DM/cow.day) and milk-solid (MS) yield (1.93 kg MS/cow.day), which were greater (P < 0.05) than for cows grazing RGWC (15.6 kg DM/cow.day and 1.65 kg MS/cow.day). Milk produced from cows grazing chicory or plantain contained greater proportions of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) than that from cows on RGWC (P < 0.01), despite lower omega-3 FA in herbage. RGWC increased the percentage of conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids in milk compared with those of milk produced from herbs (P < 0.01). This reflects the greater percentage of α-linolenic acid in RGWC (P ≤ 0.02) than in forage herbs. The changes in FA profile from the herbage to the milk suggests less biohydrogenation in cows grazing the herbs. Forage herbs demonstrated the potential benefit to alter milk FA composition, while increasing milk production.
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14
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Hanuš O, Samková E, Křížová L, Hasoňová L, Kala R. Role of Fatty Acids in Milk Fat and the Influence of Selected Factors on Their Variability-A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E1636. [PMID: 29973572 PMCID: PMC6100482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) of milk fat are considered to be important nutritional components of the diets of a significant portion of the human population and substantially affect human health. With regard to dairy farming, the FA profile is also seen as an important factor in the technological quality of raw milk. In this sense, making targeted modifications to the FA profile has the potential to significantly contribute to the production of dairy products with higher added value. Thus, FAs also have economic importance. Current developments in analytical methods and their increasing efficiency enable the study of FA profiles not only for scientific purposes but also in terms of practical technological applications. It is important to study the sources of variability of FAs in milk, which include population genetics, type of farming, and targeted animal nutrition. It is equally important to study the health and technological impacts of FAs. This review summarizes current knowledge in the field regarding sources of FA variability, including the impact of factors such as: animal nutrition, seasonal feed changes, type of animal farming (conventional and organic), genetic parameters (influence of breed), animal individuality, lactation, and milk yield. Potential practical applications (to improve food technology and consumer health) of FA profile information are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oto Hanuš
- Dairy Research Institute Ltd., 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Samková
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Křížová
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Hasoňová
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Kala
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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15
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Brandstetter E, Costa K, da Silva M, Araújo Neto F, da Silva V, Neves R, de Souza W, de Oliveira I. Production of Jiggs bermudagrass and the impact of quality milk production and quality of Holstein dairy cows under an intermittent grazing system. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2016-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dairy production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy and high-quality forage is necessary for ruminants to produce satisfactory milk levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass and its effects on the production and quality parameters of milk from Holstein cows under an intermittent grazing system throughout the year. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with the four seasons as treatments, replicated five times. The season had a significant effect on the production and nutritional parameters of Jiggs bermudagrass with the highest total dry matter production observed during summer, followed by spring and fall. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly higher in winter. The in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in summer, spring, and fall. Jiggs bermudagrass is a promising forage for the enhancement of milk production under intermittent stocking. However, its effects vary seasonally which exerts a greater influence during the winter, even with irrigation, because it directly affects the milk production and quality. The correlation results demonstrated the importance of better quality forage for increasing milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.V. Brandstetter
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - K.A.P. Costa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - M.A.P. da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - F.R. Araújo Neto
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - V.R. da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - R.B.S. Neves
- Goiás Federal University (Universidade Federal de Goiás), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - W.F. de Souza
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - I.P. de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Goiás Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano—IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiânia, km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
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16
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Marei WFA, De Bie J, Mohey-Elsaeed O, Wydooghe E, Bols PEJ, Leroy JLMR. Alpha-linolenic acid protects the developmental capacity of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes matured under lipotoxic conditions in vitro. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:1181-1196. [PMID: 28520897 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs), predominantly palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids (PSO), exert detrimental effects on oocyte developmental competence. This study examined the effects of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) in the presence of PSO on subsequent embryo development and quality, and the cellular mechanisms that might be involved. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were supplemented during IVM with ALA (50 μM), PSO (425 μM), or PSO+ALA. Compared with FFA-free controls (P < 0.05), PSO increased embryo fragmentation and decreased good quality embryos on day 2 postfertilization. Day 7 blastocyst rate was also reduced. Day 8 blastocysts had lower cell counts and higher apoptosis but normal metabolic profile. In the PSO group, cumulus cell (CC) expansion was inhibited with an increased CC apoptosis while COC metabolism was not affected. Mitochondrial inner membrane potential (MMP; JC-1 staining) was reduced in the CCs and oocytes. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) but not glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78, known as BiP; an endoplasmic reticulum stress marker) was upregulated in the CCs. Higher reactive oxygen species levels (DCHFDA staining) were detected in the oocytes. In contrast, adding ALA in the presence of PSO normalized embryo fragmentation, cleavage, blastocyst rates, and blastocyst quality compared to controls (P > 0.05). Combined treatment with ALA also reduced CC apoptosis, partially recovered CC expansion, abrogated the reduction in MMP in the CCs but not in the oocytes, and reduced BiP and HSP70 expression in CCs, compared with PSO only (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ALA supplementation protected oocyte developmental capacity under lipotoxic conditions mainly by protecting cumulus cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jessie De Bie
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Omnia Mohey-Elsaeed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eline Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter E J Bols
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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17
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Baldin M, Ying Y, Fan Y, Roth G, Casper DP, Harvatine KJ. Characterization of linoleic acid (C18:2) concentration in commercial corn silage and grain hybrids. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:222-232. [PMID: 29103704 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Corn silage and high-moisture corn grain are commonly recognized as risk factors for biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression and may be due to the high concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2) in corn. Corn silage and corn grain have a low concentration of fatty acids (FA), but due to their high inclusion rate in diets they contribute substantially to unsaturated FA intake. The first objective of this study was to characterize the contribution of individual plant parts to total FA in whole-plant chopped corn. The second objective was to characterize the variation in FA profile in commercial silage and grain hybrids and evaluate the relationship between FA profile and other nutrients. To determine the location of FA in the corn plant, 4 stalks from 4 different commercial hybrids were separated into stalk, husk and shank, leaves, cob, and kernels. On a dry matter basis, 80.5% of total FA were in the kernels, 11.8% in the leaves, 5.1% in the stalk, 1.7% in the cob, and 1.0% in the husk and shank. More than 96% of the oleic acid (C18:1) and 92.5% of the C18:2 was in the kernels, whereas 71.0% of the linolenic acid (C18:3) was in the leaves. Next, the FA composition of fresh whole-plant chopped corn from 124 silage hybrids and grain from 72 grain hybrids was determined over 2 yr from test plots in Pennsylvania. Last, to extend the characterization, FA composition of whole-plant corn silage from 45 hybrids grown in test plots in South Dakota were characterized. In the fresh whole-plant chopped corn from PA test plots, C18:2 as a percentage of total FA averaged from 48.7% in 2013 (percentiles: 10th = 45.2, 90th = 52.2) and 48.0% in 2014 (percentiles: 10th = 44.1, 90th = 49.4). Concentration of C18:2 in corn grain averaged 57.5% in the 2013 (percentiles: 10th = 53.4, 90th = 60.8) and 56.1% in 2014 (percentiles: 10th = 53.5, 90th = 59.4). In the corn silage from South Dakota, the concentration of C18:2 as percentage of total FA averaged 45.4% (percentiles: 10th = 39.4, 90th = 50.2) and C18:2 concentration as a percent of dry matter averaged 1.1% (percentiles: 10th = 0.76, 90th = 1.41). An increase in the concentration of C18:2 was associated with a decrease in C18:3 in fresh whole-plant chopped corn and with a decrease in C18:1 in corn grain. Total FA and C18:2 (as a percentage of dry matter) were positively correlated with starch and negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber in both fresh whole-plant chopped corn and corn silage samples, whereas no correlation with these traits was observed for C18:2 as a percentage of total FA. In conclusion, FA concentration and profile of corn silage reflects to a great extent the FA composition of kernels and the proportion of grain in the silage. The variation in C18:2 across hybrids provides the opportunity to develop selection programs to decrease C18:2 in corn silage and grain. Selection based on C18:2 concentration as a percent of total FA is preferred as this trait did not correlate with other nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baldin
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - Y Ying
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193
| | - G Roth
- Department of Plant Sciences, Penn State University, University Park 16802
| | - D P Casper
- Furst-McNess Company, 120 E Clark St, Freeport, IL 61032
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802.
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18
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Foito A, Hackett CA, Stewart D, Velmurugan J, Milbourne D, Byrne SL, Barth S. Quantitative trait loci associated with different polar metabolites in perennial ryegrass - providing scope for breeding towards increasing certain polar metabolites. BMC Genet 2017; 18:84. [PMID: 29017444 PMCID: PMC5634963 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in the mapping of biochemical traits have been reported in Lolium perenne. Although the mapped traits, including individual sugars and fatty acids, contribute greatly towards ruminant productivity, organic acids and amino acids have been largely understudied despite their influence on the ruminal microbiome. Results In this study, we used a targeted gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) approach to profile the levels of 25 polar metabolites from different classes (sugars, amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds) present in a L. perenne F2 population consisting of 325 individuals. A quantitative trait (QTL) mapping approach was applied and successfully identified QTLs regulating seven of those polar metabolites (L-serine, L-leucine, glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, citric acid and 2, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid).Two QTL mapping approaches were carried out using SNP markers on about half of the population only and an imputation approach using SNP and DArT markers on the entire population. The imputation approach confirmed the four QTLs found in the SNP-only analysis and identified a further seven QTLs. Conclusions These results highlight the potential of utilising molecular assisted breeding in perennial ryegrass to modulate a range of biochemical quality traits with downstream effects in livestock productivity and ruminal digestion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-017-0552-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Foito
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland.,Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Derek Stewart
- Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.,Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb 115, -1431, Ås, NO, Norway
| | - Janaki Velmurugan
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Dan Milbourne
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Stephen L Byrne
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Susanne Barth
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland.
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19
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Abstract
The nutritional value of meat is an increasingly important factor influencing consumer preferences for poultry, red meat and processed meat products. Intramuscular fat content and composition, in addition to high quality protein, trace minerals and vitamins are important determinants of nutritional value. Fat content of meat at retail has decreased substantially over the past 40 years through advances in animal genetics, nutrition and management and changes in processing techniques. Evidence of the association between diet and the incidence of human non-communicable diseases has driven an interest in developing production systems for lowering total SFA and trans fatty acid (TFA) content and enrichment of n-3 PUFA concentrations in meat and meat products. Typically, poultry and pork has a lower fat content, containing higher PUFA and lower TFA concentrations than lamb or beef. Animal genetics, nutrition and maturity, coupled with their rumen microbiome, are the main factors influencing tissue lipid content and relative proportions of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Altering the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb and beef is determined to a large extent by extensive plant and microbial lipolysis and subsequent microbial biohydrogenation of dietary lipid in the rumen, and one of the major reasons explaining the differences in lipid composition of meat from monogastrics and ruminants. Nutritional strategies can be used to align the fat content and FA composition of poultry, pork, lamb and beef with Public Health Guidelines for lowering the social and economic burden of chronic disease.
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20
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Patel M, Wredle E, Spörndly E, Bertilsson J. Whole lactation production responses in high-yielding dairy cows using high-quality grass/clover silage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2883-2890. [PMID: 27790705 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limiting the use of purchased concentrate for livestock and replacing it with home-grown forage without compromising milk production can offer benefits in both organic and conventional dairy systems. A full lactation trial was conducted with 92 cows over two years comparing three diets, each differing in the mean forage proportion over the lactation, 500 (500F), 600 (600F) and 700 (700F) g kg-1 dry matter (DM) respectively. The diets were designed to represent common conventional feeding, current regulations for organic production and more extreme high-forage-based production respectively. The aims were to determine the effects of forage proportion in the diet on milk production and feed utilisation. RESULTS Compared with 500F, daily milk yield did not differ in 600F but was lower in 700F (31.3, 31.1 and 29.2 kg energy-corrected milk respectively). Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between treatments (20.3, 20.4 and 19.9 kg in 500F, 600F and 700F respectively). CONCLUSION Increasing the forage proportion from 500 to 600 g kg-1 DM did not have any adverse effects on milk production or DMI. Thus it is possible to produce the same quantity of milk with less concentrate and reduce the use of potential human feeds in dairy production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Patel
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750, 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewa Wredle
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750, 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Spörndly
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750, 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Bertilsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750, 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Lv R, EL-Sabagh M, Obitsu T, Sugino T, Kurokawa Y, Kawamura K. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1513-1522. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renlong Lv
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mabrouk EL-Sabagh
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafrelsheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuzo Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawamura
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences; Tsukuba Japan
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22
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MacKintosh SB, Richardson I, Kim EJ, Dannenberger D, Coulmier D, Scollan ND. Addition of an extract of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to cattle diets - Effects on fatty acid profile, meat quality and eating quality of the M. longissimus muscle. Meat Sci 2017; 130:69-80. [PMID: 28433853 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in enhancing beneficial fatty acids, particularly 18:3n-3, conjugated linoleic acid and long chain n-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in beef to provide benefits to human health. Here, the potential to enhance these fatty acids by feeding a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich plant extract (PX) from lucerne is presented. Cattle (n=8/diet) were assigned to the following finishing diets: straw and concentrate (S-CC); straw and concentrate containing 25% PX and 2000IUvitaminE/kg PX-concentrate (S-PXC); grass silage (GS); GS plus 75gPX/kg dry matter intake (DMI) (GS-LPX) or GS plus 150g PX/kg DMI (GS-HPX). Addition of PX to concentrates or GS increased the n-3 fatty acid content of loin muscle and had favourable effects on the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (P<0.05), without detrimental effects on loin muscle sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân B MacKintosh
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Ian Richardson
- Division of Farm Animal Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Eun Joong Kim
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196 Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Germany
| | - Didier Coulmier
- Desialis, Complexe Agricole Mont Bernard, 51007 Chalons en Champagne, France
| | - Nigel D Scollan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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23
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Hanuš O, Křížová L, Samková E, Špička J, Kučera J, Klimešová M, Roubal P, Jedelská R. The effect of cattle breed, season and type of diet on the fatty acid profile
of raw milk. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-373-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of cow breed, season and type of diet on the fatty acid (FA) profile of raw milk. A 2-year study was conducted on bulk milk samples collected from eight herds consisting of Czech Fleckvieh (CF, four herds) and Holstein (H, four herds) breeds. One half of the herds of each breed was grazed (G), while the other half was not (N). Samples were collected twice in winter (W) and twice in summer (S). Milk yield in CF (5385.50 kg) was lower than in H (7015.15 kg, P < 0.05). The effect of breed was found in odd-chain, branch-chain and hypercholesterolemic FAs (P < 0.05). The content of fat was lower in summer (S) than in winter (W), being 3.71 and 3.91 g 100 g−1, respectively (P < 0.05). The proportion of saturated and polyunsaturated FAs was lower in S than in W (P < 0.05). The content of monounsaturated FAs was higher in S (30.69 g 100 g−1) than in W (27.72 g 100 g−1, P < 0.05). Milk yield in grazing herds (G, 5197.50 kg) was lower (P < 0.05) than in non-grazing herds (N, 7203.75 kg). The sum of saturated and hypercholesterolemic FAs was lower and the sum of monounsaturated and odd-chain FAs was higher in G than in N (P < 0.05). Content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and C18:3n3 was higher in G (0.93 and 0.64 g 100 g−1) than in N (0.42 and 0.39 g 100 g−1, respectively, P < 0.001).
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The effect of clover silages on long chain fatty acid rumen transformations and digestion in beef steers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTen Hereford ✕ Friesian steers prepared with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulae were offered ad libitum access to either grass (G), white clover (W) or red clover (R) silage or mixtures of the grass silage with the clover silages (GW and GR; 60: 40 dry matter (DM) basis). The experiment was conducted as a two-period change-over design within each clover treatment, with grass silage as an experimental control. The clover silages had higher concentrations of DM, nitrogen (N), and total fatty acids and lower concentrations of fibre (P < 0·05) than the grass silage. Rumen fermentation characteristics were similar between treatments apart from a slight elevation of n-butyric acid levels with white clover silage diets (P < 0·05). Duodenal flows of DM, organic matter (OM), total and microbial nitrogen (MN) were significantly higher (P < 0·05) with the white clover silage treatments compared with the grass silage diet. However there were no significant differences in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis with a mean value of 27·1 g MN per kg OM apparently digested in the rumen. Duodenal flows of total fatty acids per unit intake were not significantly different, although there was a trend (P < 0·1) for increased flows with the white clover silage diets. Duodenal flows of cis-vaccenic acid (P < 0·01), linoleic acid (P < 0·05), α-linolenic acid (P < 0·05) and cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (P < 0·05) were higher for the clover silages, particularly white clover silage. The increased flows of α-linolenic and linoleic acids remained significant after correcting for differences in DM intake. Biohydrogenation of linoleic (mean = 0·83) and α-linolenic (mean = 0·86) acids was extensive for all diets but the latter was significantly lower (P < 0·01) for the diets based on red clover silage. These results suggest potential for modifying the fatty acid composition of ruminant products by feeding clover silages.
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Adeyemi KD, Sazili AQ, Ebrahimi M, Samsudin AA, Alimon AR, Karim R, Karsani SA, Sabow AB. Effects of blend of canola oil and palm oil on nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, rumen fermentation and fatty acids in goats. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:1137-47. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem Dauda Adeyemi
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture
- Department of Animal Production; University of Ilorin; Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture
- Halal Products Research Institute
- Animal Production Laboratory; Institute of Tropical Agriculture
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | | | - Roselina Karim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Azad Behnan Sabow
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture
- Department of Animal Resource; University of Salahaddin; Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq
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Castagnino P, Messana J, Fiorentini G, de Jesus R, San Vito E, Carvalho I, Berchielli T. Glycerol combined with oils did not limit biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid but reduced methane production in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Howes NL, Bekhit AEDA, Burritt DJ, Campbell AW. Opportunities and Implications of Pasture-Based Lamb Fattening to Enhance the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition in Meat. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 14:22-36. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Howes
- AbacusBio Limited; Dunedin New Zealand
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Dept. of Botany; Univ. of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Ebrahimi M, Rajion MA, Goh YM. Effects of oils rich in linoleic and α-linolenic acids on fatty acid profile and gene expression in goat meat. Nutrients 2014; 6:3913-28. [PMID: 25255382 PMCID: PMC4179195 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of foods can result in a healthier product. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flaxseed oil or sunflower oil in the goat diet on fatty acid composition of muscle and expression of lipogenic genes in the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Twenty-one entire male Boer kid goats were fed diets containing different levels of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) for 100 days. Inclusion of flaxseed oil increased (p < 0.05) the α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) concentration in the ST muscle. The diet high in α-linolenic acid (p < 0.05) decreased the arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 content in the ST muscle. There was a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of PPARα and PPARγ gene expression and downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene in the ST muscle for the high α-linolenic acid group compared with the low α-linolenic acid group. The results of the present study show that flaxseed oil as a source of α-linolenic acid can be incorporated into the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with n-3 fatty acids, upregulate the PPARα and PPARγ, and downregulate the SCD gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Ali Rajion
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
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The quality of Valle del Belice sheep’s milk and cheese produced in the hot summer season in Sicily. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Duckett SK, Neel JPS, Lewis RM, Fontenot JP, Clapham WM. Effects of forage species or concentrate finishing on animal performance, carcass and meat quality1,2. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1454-67. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - J. P. S. Neel
- USDA-ARS-Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Beaver, WV 25813
| | - R. M. Lewis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - J. P. Fontenot
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - W. M. Clapham
- USDA-ARS-Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Beaver, WV 25813
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Effect of linseed oil dietary supplementation on fatty acid composition and gene expression in adipose tissue of growing goats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:194625. [PMID: 23484090 PMCID: PMC3581249 DOI: 10.1155/2013/194625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding oil palm frond silage based diets with added linseed oil (LO) containing high α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), namely, high LO (HLO), low LO (LLO), and without LO as the control group (CON) on the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPAR-γ, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in Boer goats. The proportion of C18:3n-3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue was increased (P < 0.01) by increasing the LO in the diet, suggesting that the FA from HLO might have escaped ruminal biohydrogenation. Animals fed HLO diets had lower proportions of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6, CLA cis-9 trans-11, and C20:4n-6 and higher proportions of C18:3n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue than animals fed the CON diets, resulting in a decreased n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio (FAR) in the tissue. In addition, feeding the HLO diet upregulated the expression of PPAR-γ (P < 0.05) but downregulated the expression of SCD (P < 0.05) in the adipose tissue. The results of the present study show that LO can be safely incorporated in the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with potential health beneficial FA (i.e., n-3 FA).
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The effect of N-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage : concentrate ratio. Animal 2012; 6:1178-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nassu R, Dugan M, He M, McAllister T, Aalhus J, Aldai N, Kramer J. The effects of feeding flaxseed to beef cows given forage based diets on fatty acids of longissimus thoracis muscle and backfat. Meat Sci 2011; 89:469-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Widmann P, Nuernberg K, Kuehn C, Weikard R. Association of an ACSL1 gene variant with polyunsaturated fatty acids in bovine skeletal muscle. BMC Genet 2011; 12:96. [PMID: 22078495 PMCID: PMC3260110 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-12-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intramuscular fat deposition and the fatty acid profiles of beef affect meat quality. High proportions of unsaturated fatty acids are related to beef flavor and are beneficial for the nutritional value of meat. Moreover, a variety of clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that particularly long-chain omega-3 fatty acids from animal sources have a positive impact on human health and disease. Results To screen for genetic factors affecting fatty acid profiles in beef, we initially performed a microsatellite-based genome scan in a F2 Charolais × German Holstein resource population and identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for fatty acid composition in a region on bovine chromosome 27 where previously QTL affecting marbling score had been detected in beef cattle populations. The long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) gene was identified as the most plausible functional and positional candidate gene in the QTL interval due to its direct impact on fatty acid metabolism and its position in the QTL interval. ACSL1 is necessary for synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoA esters, fatty acid degradation and phospholipid remodeling. We validated the genomic annotation of the bovine ACSL1 gene by in silico comparative sequence analysis and experimental verification. Re-sequencing of the complete coding, exon-flanking intronic sequences, 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and partial promoter region of the ACSL1 gene revealed three synonymous mutations in exons 6, 7, and 20, six noncoding intronic gene variants, six polymorphisms in the promoter region, and four variants in the 3' UTR region. The association analysis identified the gene variant in intron 5 of the ACSL1 gene (c.481-233A>G) to be significantly associated with the relative content of distinct fractions and ratios of fatty acids (e.g., n-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans vaccenic acid) in skeletal muscle. A tentative association of the ACSL1 gene variant with intramuscular fat content indicated that an indirect effect on fatty acid composition via modulation of total fat content of skeletal muscle cannot be excluded. Conclusions The initial QTL analysis suggested the ACSL1 gene as a positional and functional candidate gene for fatty acid composition in bovine skeletal muscle. The findings of subsequent association analyses indicate that ACSL1 or a separate gene in close proximity might play a functional role in mediating the lipid composition of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Widmann
- Research Unit Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
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Scano P, Anedda R, Melis MP, Dessi’ MA, Lai A, Roggio T. 1
H‐ and
13
C‐NMR Characterization of the Molecular Components of the Lipid Fraction of Pecorino Sardo Cheese. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Scano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di CagliariCittadella Universitaria di MonserratoS. S. 554‐Bivio per SestuMonserratoCagliari09042Italy
| | - R. Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche SrlS. P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo CacciaTramariglio‐AlgheroSS07041Italy
| | - M. P. Melis
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia SperimentaleUniversità degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaMonserratoCAItaly
| | - M. A. Dessi’
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia SperimentaleUniversità degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaMonserratoCAItaly
| | - A. Lai
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di CagliariCittadella Universitaria di MonserratoS. S. 554‐Bivio per SestuMonserratoCagliari09042Italy
| | - T. Roggio
- Porto Conte Ricerche SrlS. P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo CacciaTramariglio‐AlgheroSS07041Italy
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Red meat from animals offered a grass diet increases plasma and plateletn-3 PUFA in healthy consumers. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:80-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concentrations of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA. However, the effects of red meat consumption from grass-fed animals on consumer blood concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status of consuming red meat produced from either grass-fed animals or concentrate-fed animals. A randomised, double-blinded, dietary intervention study was carried out for 4 weeks on healthy subjects who replaced their habitual red meat intake with three portions per week of red meat (beef and lamb) from animals offered a finishing diet of either grass or concentrate (n20 consumers). Plasma and platelet fatty acid composition, dietary intake, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary intakes of totaln-3 PUFA, as well as plasma and platelet concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA, were significantly higher in those subjects who consumed red meat from grass-fed animals compared with those who consumed red meat from concentrate-fed animals (P < 0·05). No significant differences in concentrations of serum cholesterol, TAG or blood pressure were observed between groups. Consuming red meat from grass-fed animals compared with concentrate-fed animals as part of the habitual diet can significantly increase consumer plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status. As a result, red meat from grass-fed animals may contribute to dietary intakes of LCn-3 PUFA in populations where red meat is habitually consumed.
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Cabiddu A, Salis L, Tweed JKS, Molle G, Decandia M, Lee MRF. The influence of plant polyphenols on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in dried forages at different phenological stages: in vitro study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:829-835. [PMID: 20355119 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that forage legumes show a higher transfer efficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to ruminant dairy products in comparison with grasses. Legumes are usually characterised by moderate levels of plant secondary metabolites, which can have an effect on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in the rumen. An in vitro study was carried out to compare two species with different plant phenol compositions, Vicia sativa (VS, common vetch, cv. Jose) and Trifolium incarnatum (TI, crimson clover, cv. Viterbo) cut at the vegetative (Veg) and reproductive (Rep) stages, on lipolysis and PUFA biohydrogenation in the rumen. RESULTS The study showed that forage species and phenological stage affected the levels of bound phenols (BP) and tannic polyphenols (TP). VS was characterised by a higher level of TP than TI at both Veg and Rep stages, whereas BP levels were low in both forages. BP and TP had a negative effect on lipolysis and biohydrogenation, but TP showed a greater negative correlation than BP for both forages. CONCLUSION These results showed that lipolysis and biohydrogenation of PUFA could be affected by plant phenols, particularly TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabiddu
- Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, AGRIS Sardegna, I-07040 Olmedo, Italy.
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Smet K, Coudijzer K, Fredrick E, De Campeneere S, De Block J, Wouters J, Raes K, Dewettinck K. Crystallization behavior of milk fat obtained from linseed-fed cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:495-505. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Palladino RA, O'Donovan M, Murphy JJ, McEvoy M, Callan J, Boland TM, Kenny DA. Fatty acid intake and milk fatty acid composition of Holstein dairy cows under different grazing strategies: herbage mass and daily herbage allowance. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:5212-23. [PMID: 19762839 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of level of 1) pregrazing herbage mass (HM) and 2) level of daily herbage allowance (DHA) on the performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of milk from grazing dairy cows. Sixty-eight Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated to either a high or low pregrazing HM (1,700 vs. 2,400 kg of DM/ha; >40 mm), and within HM treatment, cows were further allocated to either a high or low DHA (16 vs. 20 kg of DM/d per cow; >40 mm) in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Pregrazing HM did not affect dry matter intake (17.5 +/- 0.75 kg/d), milk production (22.1 +/- 0.99 kg/d), milk composition (milk fat, 3.88 +/- 0.114%; milk protein, 3.28 +/- 0.051%), body weight (525 +/- 16 kg), or body condition score (2.65 +/- 0.064). Increasing DHA increased dry matter intake (+1.5 kg/d) but did not affect any other variable measured. Cows grazing the low HM or high DHA had a higher daily intake of total FA (+0.12 and +0.09 kg/d, respectively, for the low HM and high DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; +0.08 and +0.05 kg/d, respectively, for the low HM and high DHA), and linoleic acid (+0.01 for both the low HM and high DHA) compared with either the high HM or low DHA. Milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 isomer) was not affected by treatment (13.0 +/- 0.77 g/kg of total FA); however, large variation was recorded between individual animals (range from 5.9 to 20.6 g/kg of total FA). Milk concentrations of LNA were higher for animals offered the low HM (5.3 g/kg of total FA), but across treatments, milk concentrations of LNA were low (4.9 +/- 0.33 g/kg of total FA). The present study indicates that changes in HM and DHA do not have a great effect on the milk FA composition of grazing dairy cows. Further enhancement of the beneficial FA content in milk purely from changes in grazing strategy may be difficult when pasture quality is already high.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Palladino
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Lind V, Berg J, Eik LO, Mølmann J, Haugland E, Jørgensen M, Hersleth M. Meat quality of lamb: Pre-slaughter fattening on cultivated or mountain range pastures. Meat Sci 2009; 83:706-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Marei WF, Wathes DC, Fouladi-Nashta AA. The effect of linolenic Acid on bovine oocyte maturation and development. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:1064-72. [PMID: 19587335 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.076851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can influence reproductive performance. In dairy cattle, some high-fat diets resulted in higher blastocyst rates and improved embryo quality. These effects may partly be mediated by a direct action of fatty acids on oocyte development. The present study investigated the effect of linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3) supplementation on bovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development in vitro. Treatment of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) with 50 muM ALA significantly increased the percentage of oocytes at the metaphase II (MII) stage compared with untreated controls (95% +/- 2% vs. 84% +/- 2%, respectively). Higher doses of ALA were detrimental. Treatment of COCs with 50 muM ALA compared with controls also resulted in a significantly higher percentage of cleaved embryos (77% +/- 9% vs. 69% +/- 9%, respectively) and blastocyst rate (36% +/- 4% vs. 23% +/- 5%, respectively) and better-quality embryos. Furthermore, COCs treated with ALA had significant increases compared with controls in: 1) prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) concentration (233% +/- 41%) in the medium, 2) intracellular cAMP at 3 h of maturation, and 3) phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) during the first 6 h of maturation. Moreover, ALA overcame the suppressive effects of the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 inhibitor (NS-398) on oocyte maturation and partially improved the maturation rate in the presence of the MAPK kinase inhibitor (U-0126). Linolenic acid could not, however, recover maturation in the presence of both inhibitors. In conclusion, treatment of bovine COCs with ALA during oocyte maturation affects the molecular mechanisms controlling oocyte nuclear maturation, leading to an increased number of MII-stage oocytes and improved subsequent early embryo development. This effect is mediated both directly through MAPK pathway and indirectly through PGE(2) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed F Marei
- Reproduction, Genes and Development Research Group, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Duckett SK, Neel JPS, Fontenot JP, Clapham WM. Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: III. Tissue proximate, fatty acid, vitamin, and cholesterol content. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:2961-70. [PMID: 19502506 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus-cross steers (n = 198; 270 kg of BW; 8 mo) were used in a 3-yr study to assess the effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on LM proximate, fatty acid, cholesterol, vitamin, and mineral composition. During the winter months (December to April), steers were randomly allotted to 3 stocker growth rates: low (0.23 kg/d), medium (0.45 kg/d), or high (0.68 kg/d). At the completion of the stockering phase, steers were allotted randomly within each stocker growth rate to a high concentrate (CONC) or pasture (PAST) finishing system and finished to an equal time endpoint. Winter stocker growth rate did not alter (P > 0.05) proximate, cholesterol, or vitamin content of the LM. All interactions among winter stocker growth rate and finishing system were nonsignificant, indicating that supplementation systems during winter stocker period did not influence beef composition after finishing on PAST or CONC. Finishing steers on CONC decreased (P < 0.001) moisture content of the LM and increased (P < 0.001) lipid content of the LM. Protein, ash, and cholesterol content of the LM did not differ (P > 0.05) between finishing systems. alpha-Tocopherol and beta-carotene content of the LM were 288 and 54% greater, respectively, for PAST-finished cattle than CONC. B-vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, were also present in greater (P = 0.001) concentrations for PAST than CONC. Calcium, Mg, and K contents of the LM were greater (P < 0.05) for PAST than CONC. Total fatty acid content of the LM was 49% less for PAST than CONC. Myristoleic, palmitoleic, and oleic acid concentrations were all less (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC. Trans-10 octadecenoic acid percentage in LM was 97% greater (P = 0.001) for CONC than PAST; conversely, trans-11 vaccenic acid percentage in the LM was 90% greater (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC. Conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 isomer, percentage was greater (P = 0.001) by 117% for PAST than CONC. Linoleic acid (C18:2) concentration did not differ (P > 0.05) among PAST and CONC. Concentrations of all n-3 fatty acids (linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) were greater (P = 0.01) for PAST than CONC. Total n-6 PUFA percentages were unchanged (P > 0.05) among finishing systems. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was 4.84 for CONC and 1.65 for PAST. Beef from CONC finished has a greater total, saturated, and monounsaturated fat content; in contrast, beef from PAST finished has less total, saturated, and monounsaturated fat content with greater contents of n-3 fatty acids and a decreased n-6 to n-3 ratio. Beef from PAST finished also has greater contents of B-vitamins and antioxidants (vitamin E and beta-carotene).
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Smet K, De Block J, De Campeneere S, De Brabander D, Herman L, Raes K, Dewettinck K, Coudijzer K. Oxidative stability of UHT milk as influenced by fatty acid composition and packaging. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolism, Health, and Nutrition and for Modified Animal Product Foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arvidsson K, Gustavsson AM, Martinsson K. Fatty acids in forages: A comparison of different pre-treatments prior to analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Arvidsson K, Gustavsson AM, Martinsson K. Effects of conservation method on fatty acid composition of silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Waters SM, Kelly JP, O'Boyle P, Moloney AP, Kenny DA. Effect of level and duration of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the transcriptional regulation of Δ9-desaturase in muscle of beef cattle1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:244-52. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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A Snapshot in Time of Fatty Acids Composition of Grass Herbage as Affected by Time of Day. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lourenço M, Van Ranst G, Vlaeminck B, De Smet S, Fievez V. Influence of different dietary forages on the fatty acid composition of rumen digesta as well as ruminant meat and milk. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effects of polyphenol oxidase on lipolysis and proteolysis of red clover silage with and without a silage inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum L54). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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