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Lombardini ED, Turner GDH, Brown AE, Inamnuay L, Kaewamatawong T, Sunyakumthorn P, Ferguson DJP. A systematic analysis of ultrastructural lesions in the Plasmodium coatneyi splenectomized rhesus macaque model of severe malaria. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:873-882. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221088783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum remains one of the world’s deadliest diseases and with ongoing concerns of evolving drug resistance, there is a need for continued refinement of the Plasmodium coatneyi infection model in macaques to study severe malaria. As such, the systemic ultrastructural lesions associated with P. coatneyi infection in splenectomized rhesus macaques was evaluated in 6 animals. Autopsy samples from multiple areas of the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, heart, liver, and lungs of all 6 animals were processed for electron microscopy. A systematic analysis of the ultrastructural changes associated with the plasmodium was undertaken by multiple pathologists to ensure consensus. All tissues exhibited marked sequestration of infected red blood cells comprised either of cytoadherence to endothelium or rosette formation, associated with variable degrees of host cell damage in a range of tissues that in severe cases resulted in necrosis. This is the first complete systemic evaluation of ultrastructural tissue lesions in P. coatneyi–infected rhesus macaques, and the findings have important implications evaluating of the use of this model for the study of severe malaria caused by P. falciparum in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth D. H. Turner
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthur E. Brown
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laksanee Inamnuay
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lombardini ED, Malleret B, Rungojn A, Popruk N, Kaewamatawong T, Brown AE, Turner GDH, Russell B, Ferguson DJP. Ultrastructural characterization of host-parasite interactions of Plasmodium coatneyi in rhesus macaques. Parasitology 2022; 149:161-170. [PMID: 35234595 PMCID: PMC11010572 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium coatneyi has been proposed as an animal model for human Plasmodium falciparum malaria as it appears to replicate many aspects of pathogenesis and clinical symptomology. As part of the ongoing evaluation of the rhesus macaque model of severe malaria, a detailed ultrastructural analysis of the interaction between the parasite and both the host erythrocytes and the microvasculature was undertaken. Tissue (brain, heart and kidney) from splenectomized rhesus macaques and blood from spleen-intact animals infected with P. coatneyi were examined by electron microscopy. In all three tissues, similar interactions (sequestration) between infected red blood cells (iRBC) and blood vessels were observed with evidence of rosette and auto-agglutinate formation. The iRBCs possessed caveolae similar to P. vivax and knob-like structures similar to P. falciparum. However, the knobs often appeared incompletely formed in the splenectomized animals in contrast to the intact knobs exhibited by spleen intact animals. Plasmodium coatneyi infection in the monkey replicates many of the ultrastructural features particularly associated with P. falciparum in humans and as such supports its use as a suitable animal model. However, the possible effect on host–parasite interactions and the pathogenesis of disease due to the use of splenectomized animals needs to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Lombardini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B. Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science & Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A. Rungojn
- Mahidol Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Popruk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T. Kaewamatawong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A. E. Brown
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - G. D. H. Turner
- Mahidol Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B. Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D. J. P. Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department Biological & Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Gupta A, Styczynski MP, Galinski MR, Voit EO, Fonseca LL. Dramatic transcriptomic differences in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis with Plasmodium knowlesi infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19519. [PMID: 34593836 PMCID: PMC8484567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium knowlesi, a model malaria parasite, is responsible for a significant portion of zoonotic malaria cases in Southeast Asia and must be controlled to avoid disease severity and fatalities. However, little is known about the host-parasite interactions and molecular mechanisms in play during the course of P. knowlesi malaria infections, which also may be relevant across Plasmodium species. Here we contrast P. knowlesi sporozoite-initiated infections in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis using whole blood RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. These macaque hosts are evolutionarily close, yet malaria-naïve M. mulatta will succumb to blood-stage infection without treatment, whereas malaria-naïve M. fascicularis controls parasitemia without treatment. This comparative analysis reveals transcriptomic differences as early as the liver phase of infection, in the form of signaling pathways that are activated in M. fascicularis, but not M. mulatta. Additionally, while most immune responses are initially similar during the acute stage of the blood infection, significant differences arise subsequently. The observed differences point to prolonged inflammation and anti-inflammatory effects of IL10 in M. mulatta, while M. fascicularis undergoes a transcriptional makeover towards cell proliferation, consistent with its recovery. Together, these findings suggest that timely detection of P. knowlesi in M. fascicularis, coupled with control of inflammation while initiating the replenishment of key cell populations, helps contain the infection. Overall, this study points to specific genes and pathways that could be investigated as a basis for new drug targets that support recovery from acute malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Gupta
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark P Styczynski
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary R Galinski
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Luis L Fonseca
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Doritchamou J, Teo A, Fried M, Duffy PE. Malaria in pregnancy: the relevance of animal models for vaccine development. Lab Anim (NY) 2018; 46:388-398. [PMID: 28984865 DOI: 10.1038/laban.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria during pregnancy due to Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax is a major public health problem in endemic areas, with P. falciparum causing the greatest burden of disease. Increasing resistance of parasites and mosquitoes to existing tools, such as preventive antimalarial treatments and insecticide-treated bed nets respectively, is eroding the partial protection that they offer to pregnant women. Thus, development of effective vaccines against malaria during pregnancy is an urgent priority. Relevant animal models that recapitulate key features of the pathophysiology and immunology of malaria in pregnant women could be used to accelerate vaccine development. This review summarizes available rodent and nonhuman primate models of malaria in pregnancy, and discusses their suitability for studies of biologics intended to prevent or treat malaria in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Doritchamou
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology &Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Teo
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology &Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michal Fried
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology &Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology &Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Lombardini ED, Gettayacamin M, Turner GDH, Brown AE. A Review of Plasmodium coatneyi-Macaque Models of Severe Malaria. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:998-1011. [PMID: 26077782 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815583098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most significant public health concerns in the world today. Approximately half the human population is at risk for infection, with children and pregnant women being most vulnerable. More than 90% of the total human malaria burden, which numbers in excess of 200 million annually, is due to Plasmodium falciparum. Lack of an effective vaccine and a dwindling stockpile of antimalarial drugs due to increased plasmodial resistance underscore the critical need for valid animal models. Plasmodium coatneyi was described in Southeast Asia 50 years ago. This plasmodium of nonhuman primates has been used sporadically as a model for severe malaria, as it mimics many of the pathophysiologic features of human disease. This review covers the reported macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular pathology of P. coatneyi infection in macaques, specifically focusing on the rhesus macaque, as well as describing the critical needs still outstanding in the validation of this crucial model of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Lombardini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Gettayacamin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - G D H Turner
- Mahidol Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A E Brown
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Plasmodium coatneyi in rhesus macaques replicates the multisystemic dysfunction of severe malaria in humans. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1889-904. [PMID: 23509137 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00027-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria, a leading cause of mortality among children and nonimmune adults, is a multisystemic disorder characterized by complex clinical syndromes that are mechanistically poorly understood. The interplay of various parasite and host factors is critical in the pathophysiology of severe malaria. However, knowledge regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways leading to the multisystemic disorders of severe malaria in humans is limited. Here, we systematically investigate infections with Plasmodium coatneyi, a simian malaria parasite that closely mimics the biological characteristics of P. falciparum, and develop baseline data and protocols for studying erythrocyte turnover and severe malaria in greater depth. We show that rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with P. coatneyi develop anemia, coagulopathy, and renal and metabolic dysfunction. The clinical course of acute infections required suppressive antimalaria chemotherapy, fluid support, and whole-blood transfusion, mimicking the standard of care for the management of severe malaria cases in humans. Subsequent infections in the same animals progressed with a mild illness in comparison, suggesting that immunity played a role in reducing the severity of the disease. Our results demonstrate that P. coatneyi infection in rhesus macaques can serve as a highly relevant model to investigate the physiological pathways and molecular mechanisms of malaria pathogenesis in naïve and immune individuals. Together with high-throughput postgenomic technologies, such investigations hold promise for the identification of new clinical interventions and adjunctive therapies.
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Sahni SK, Saxena N, Tekwani BL, Dutta GP, Pandey VC. Status of hepatic heme and heme oxygenase during Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection in mice. Exp Mol Pathol 1991; 55:55-62. [PMID: 1884769 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(91)90018-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection in albino mice caused a significant increase in hepatic heme level, the increase being concomitant with a rise in parasitemia. This elevated heme was found to be associated with all the subcellular fractions except the cytosol, where its content remained unaltered. Activity of heme oxygenase, the key enzyme responsible for catabolism of heme, also increased progressively with rise in parasitemia. Treatment of normal mice with cobalt chloride [60 mg (kg body wt)-1; subcutaneously] brought about a 150% increase in the level of heme oxygenase; similar treatment of infected mice at low parasitemia could induce the enzyme activity while at high parasitemia the enzymic activity remained unaltered as compared to untreated infected mice. In spite of an increased level of heme oxygenase in the cobalt-treated mice, the level of heme did not show any noticeable change. Oral administration of chloroquine [64 mg (kg body wt)-1 x 4 days] brought about a 56% reduction in the level of heme oxygenase of normal animals but there was no change in infected animals when compared with the corresponding untreated infected mice. However, the amount of chloroquine present in livers of normal and infected animals was not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahni
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Maurois P, Charet P, Nouvelot A, Fruchart JC, Vernes A, Biguet J. Kinetic study of serum lipoproteins, total cholesterol and triacylglycerides in various models of experimental rodent malaria. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1980; 74:17-28. [PMID: 7377870 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1980.11687306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Desowitz RS, Miller LH, Buchanan RD, Permpanich B. The sites of deep vascular schizogony in Plasmodium coatneyi malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1969; 63:198-202. [PMID: 4978466 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(69)90147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Miller LH, Pavanand K, Buchanan RD, Desowitz RS, Athikulwongse E. Plasmodium berghei: renal function and pathology in mice. Exp Parasitol 1968; 23:134-42. [PMID: 5726851 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(68)90051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Desowitz RS, Pavanand K, Vacharaphorn D. Comparative studies on the pathology and host physiology of malarias. IV. Serum protein alterations in Plasmodium coatneyi malaria: A comparison of cellulose acetate and polyacrylamide disc electrophoretic patterns. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1968; 62:210-7. [PMID: 4178555 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1968.11686552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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