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Nolin MC, Bőthe B, Villeneuve E, Vaillancourt-Morel MP. Associations Between Pornography Use Through Different Media and Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction Among Cohabiting Couples. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024:10.1007/s10508-024-02899-1. [PMID: 38858232 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pornography can be used through multiple media and its associations with couples' relationship and sexual satisfaction are mixed. The aims of this study were to examine the proportion of use of different pornographic media (i.e., videos, pictures, audio material, and written material), including different contents (i.e., sexual activities and nudity), gender-based differences in the frequency of use of these media, and the associations between an individual's frequency of use of different pornographic media and their own and their partner's sexual and relationship satisfaction, considering potential gender differences. A sample of 706 adult couples (1368 participants; Mage = 32.19 years) completed online self-report questionnaires. Results of actor-partner interdependence models indicated that video use was associated with lower relationship and sexual satisfaction, and partners' lower sexual satisfaction. Picture use was associated with lower relationship satisfaction and partners' lower sexual satisfaction. Written material use was associated with lower sexual satisfaction. Cisgender women's audio use was associated with their own higher sexual satisfaction, whereas cisgender men's audio use was associated with their partner's lower sexual satisfaction. These findings suggest different associations with sexual and relationship satisfaction depending on the pornographic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Chloé Nolin
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Pavillon Michel-Sarrazin, 3600, rue Sainte-Marguerite, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Villeneuve
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Pavillon Michel-Sarrazin, 3600, rue Sainte-Marguerite, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Vasquez M, Daspe MÈ, Bőthe B, Brassard A, Lussier Y, Vaillancourt-Morel MP. Associations Between Pornography Use Frequency and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Young Adult Couples: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241234656. [PMID: 38454619 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241234656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pornography use is a common sexual activity for many individuals including those in a romantic relationship. Some studies have shown that violent content depicted in pornography is a risk factor for perpetration of violence in real life. Even if most of these studies examined perpetration of violent behaviors in general, not specifically toward the intimate partner, some studies have shown that pornography use frequency is related to a greater perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), while other studies have found that it is not significantly related. However, most previous studies were cross-sectional, sampled individuals rather than couples, and did not include separately forms of IPV (e.g., physical, psychological, and sexual). The present study examined the associations between pornography use frequency and the perpetration of physical and psychological IPV, and sexual coercion among young adult couples. A convenience sample of 113 couples aged between 16 and 29 years old completed self-reported online questionnaires two times over a 2-year period. The results of autoregressive cross-lagged models showed that a person's pornography use frequency at Time 1 was related to their own higher sexual coercion perpetration 2 years later and that a person's sexual coercion perpetration was related to their partner's lower pornography use frequency 2 years later. However, no significant association between pornography use frequency and physical and psychological IPV emerged. In line with previous studies, our results suggest that pornography use represents an important risk factor for the perpetration of sexual coercion. Findings support the need to include education around pornography use in sexual violence prevention programs to avoid that young adults reproduce pornographic scripts in their sexuality.
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3
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Wright PJ, Tokunaga R, Herbenick D. Pornography, Masturbation, and Relational Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:337-341. [PMID: 36205527 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2131705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wright
- Communication Science Unit, The Media School, Indiana University
| | | | - Debby Herbenick
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, The School of Public Health, Indiana University
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4
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Dover CR, Willoughby BJ. Sexual Behaviors as a Mediator Between Pornography Use and Heterosexual Relationship Outcomes. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:689-701. [PMID: 37735277 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to build on previous research about how pornography use is associated with relationship outcomes. Using the 3AM model (Wright, 2011) as a theoretical guide, sexual behaviors were tested as a possible mediator of the association between pornography use and relationship well-being. Using a national data set of individuals in heterosexual relationships (n = 2519), associations between different types of pornography use (alone use vs. joint use), sexual behaviors, and relationship outcomes were analyzed. Results showed that pornography use with a partner is a distinct activity when compared to pornography use alone. Additionally, significant indirect relationships between pornography use and relationship outcomes were found through sexual behaviors. Both vaginal sex and oral sex had positive effects, while anal sex had a unique, negative effect (use of sex toys was not significantly related). Future research should continue to examine the context of pornography use and how it is related to behaviors and outcomes in relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson R Dover
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2081 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84604, USA.
| | - Brian J Willoughby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2081 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84604, USA
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5
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Willoughby BJ, Dover CR. Context Matters: Moderating Effects in the Associations between Pornography Use, Perceived Addiction, and Relationship Well-being. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:37-50. [PMID: 36449353 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2148155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While perceived addiction and religiosity have been key contextual factors in understanding the link between pornography use and personal distress, these contextual factors have been explored less in the relational literature. Using a large nonprobability convenience sample from the United States, a moderated mediation model of the association between pornography use alone and two key indicators of relationship quality (relationship satisfaction and relationship stability) was explored. Results suggested that both general and aggressive pornography use alone were associated with less relationship satisfaction and relationship stability even when accounting for a range of potentially confounding variables. Perceived addiction partially mediated these associations, while both religiosity and gender moderated them. Generally, higher religiosity and being male were linked to compounding negative associations between pornography use and lower relationship quality. Findings suggest the importance of considering both religiosity and perceived addiction as important contextual factors when studying associations between pornography use and both relational and individual outcomes.
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Ruffing EG, Brody LR, Sandage SJ. Distress and Satisfaction in Women Who Perceive that Their Male Partners Use Pornography: The Roles of Attitude, Religious Commitment and Conservative Religiosity. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:21-36. [PMID: 36305846 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2137097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative studies suggest that women's attitudes and religiosity have an important role in their experience of their male partners' pornography use, but these factors have not been adequately studied. The present study examined the contributions of perceived frequency of male partners' solitary pornography use (PFREQ), women's attitudes toward their partners' pornography use, conservative religiosity, and religious commitment to women's pornography-related distress, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction in women who reported they were married to or cohabitating with men who had used pornography in the prior 3 months (median frequency = 1-2 times/week). Participants were online research panel participants (n = 625), age mean = 44[SD = 13], diverse SES, 86% White. Partial correlations and multiple regressions, controlling for demographic variables and COVID-19-related stress, indicated that higher PFREQ and negative attitudes toward pornography were significantly associated with women's higher pornography-related distress, lower relationship satisfaction, and lower sexual satisfaction. Moderation analyses found that negative attitude amplified the negative association between PFREQ and relationship satisfaction, and conservative religiosity amplified the positive association between PFREQ and pornography-related distress. Neither attitude nor religious factors moderated the negative association between PFREQ and sexual satisfaction. Findings suggest that attitude, religious factors, and PFREQ are each important to consider in research and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Ruffing
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
- The Danielsen Institute, Boston University
| | - Leslie R Brody
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
| | - Steven J Sandage
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
- The Danielsen Institute, Boston University
- Department of Pastoral Psychology, Boston University School of Theology
- Department of Psychology of Religion, MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion, and Society
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7
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Crawford MD, Butler MH, Marks LD, Leavitt CJ. Married women's response to spousal pornography use: A grounded theory. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:95-119. [PMID: 37811548 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Empirical research suggests that married women may more commonly experience spousal pornography use as a relational attachment threat and are more likely to experience negative relational outcomes such as distress and loss of trust. The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of married women's response to the discovery or disclosure of spousal pornography use. This study included the experiences of 30 married women who reported spousal pornography use as a threat to relational attachment, who chose to remain with their spouse, and who reported evidence of individual and relational healing thereafter. The research question, "How do married women describe the experience of learning of their spouse's pornography use and the individual and relationship sequelae that follow?" was explored using grounded theory methods to analyze deidentified blogpost accounts emphasizing response to a spouse's pornography use. The results describe a process model highlighting three interrelated informant categories-emotional response, mental response, and physical response-and one resultant category-behavioral response. Implications include (a) the importance of open communication regarding pornography use within relationships, (b) the necessity for individual and relational healing following betrayal trauma, and (c) the role of therapeutic intervention in shaping adaptive healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha D Crawford
- Department of Marriage, Family, and Human Development, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Mark H Butler
- Department of Marriage and Family Therapy, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Loren D Marks
- Department of Marriage, Family, and Human Development, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Chelom J Leavitt
- Department of Marriage, Family, and Human Development, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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8
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Huntington C, Willoughby B, Rhoades G. Associations of Adolescents' Pornography Viewing with their Romantic Relationship Skills and Behaviors. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:80-91. [PMID: 35856785 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2096844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research into adolescent pornography use has identified numerous individual-level behavioral and attitudinal correlates. However, associations between adolescents' pornography viewing and their romantic relationships remain understudied. Furthermore, very little is known about adolescents' watching pornography with their romantic partners (i.e., joint pornography use). The present study of adolescents (n = 755, 59.9% girls, M age = 15.72 years old [SD = 1.34]) is among the first attempts to link adolescents' pornography viewing behaviors to their romantic relationship attitudes and behaviors. We hypothesized that adolescents' viewing would be associated with poorer self-reported relationship skills, more negative relationship behaviors, and increased involvement in sexual activity, such as sexting. Partial support for these hypotheses was found. Frequency of overall viewing was associated with lower relationship and refusal skills. Lifetime joint pornography viewing was associated with higher rates of dating violence victimization and perpetration in the past six months and with more abusive behaviors from one's partner and more verbal conflict in the current dating relationship. Results, though cross-sectional, suggest that pornography viewing in adolescence is associated with poorer romantic outcomes. Implications for adolescent development and for healthcare providers and educators are discussed.
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9
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Chok L, Suris JC, Barrense-Dias Y. Characteristics of Young People Reporting a Low Sexual Desire in Switzerland. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2023; 28:1152-1169. [PMID: 38707677 PMCID: PMC11068582 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-023-10171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the characteristics of young female and male adults (mean age 26.3 years) reporting a low sexual desire. A 2017 Swiss national survey was carried out among young adults. Participants were divided into two groups based on their level of sexual desire: Low and High. Overall, 17.2% of females and 5.7% of males reported a low sexual desire. At the multivariate level, compared to females in the High group, females in the Low group had higher odds of being dissatisfied with their social life and with their sexual life in the past 4 weeks, having no current relationship and having accepted several times sexual intercourse without really wanting. Compared to males in the High group, males in the Low group had higher odds of reporting a non-heterosexual attraction (trend), having no current relationship and having accepted several times sexual intercourse without really wanting. The prevailing idea that young people, particularly males, always have high levels of sexual desire may not be accurate and warrants further consideration. These results show that sexual desire encompasses social aspects and underscore importance of addressing how stereotypes and social norms may influence our sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Chok
- Research Group on Adolescent Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joan-Carles Suris
- Research Group on Adolescent Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yara Barrense-Dias
- Research Group on Adolescent Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Lebedíková M. Good servant, bad master: How eighty women perceive the influence of pornography on sexual scripts. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2023; 25:1310-1323. [PMID: 36607166 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2155707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Women are often portrayed as the victims of pornography. Their active consumption and the ways in which pornography shapes their sexuality are still under-researched. This article has three goals: to explore how and why young women watch pornography; to analyse how they perceive the influence of pornography on their sexual scripts; and to determine related positive and negative factors. Guided by sexual script theory, I thematically analysed responses from an open-ended form completed by 80 young Czech women (18-30 years old). The analysis resulted in six themes related to cultural, interpersonal and intrapsychic sexual scripts - in other words, the domains of what is societally appropriate, interpersonal relationships, and inner desires. These findings have important implications: pornography simultaneously influences several domains of sexuality. Findings show that under certain conditions, pornography may be beneficial for sexual empowerment and sexual satisfaction, but at the same time, it may also produce negative effects - providing a complex and often contradictory experience for the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Lebedíková
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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11
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Galper EF, Tindage MF. Let's Talk About Sex(ual Health): Young Adult Women's Disclosure of Their Pornography Use to Their Romantic Partners. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37772929 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2257687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Within romantic relationships, secret-keeping has been related to negative outcomes whereas self-disclosure has been related to positive outcomes. Exploring young adult women's pornography use disclosures to their romantic partners can provide further avenues for understanding aspects of sexual and relational health. Using an open-ended survey informed by the Revelation Risk Model (RRM), this study explored young adult women's reasons and perceived relational outcomes of disclosing their pornography use to their romantic partners. Data from 32 young adult women (M = 20.8 years old), were thematically analyzed. Women in our sample reported disclosing for three main reasons: disclosed to be close, disclosed because we are intimate, and speaking our minds. They also reported that their disclosures resulted in emotional, sexual, or no relational changes. Further, we found that women who engaged in more in-depth conversations following their pornography disclosures perceived there to be more positive relational changes in comparison to women who had surface-level conversations following their pornography disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Galper
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina
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12
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Rowland DL, Castleman JM, Bacys KR, Csonka B, Hevesi K. Do pornography use and masturbation play a role in erectile dysfunction and relationship satisfaction in men? Int J Impot Res 2023; 35:548-557. [PMID: 35840678 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Both masturbation frequency and pornography use during masturbation have been hypothesized to interfere with sexual response during partnered sex as well as overall relationship satisfaction. However, results from prior studies have been inconsistent and frequently based on case studies, clinical reports, and simple binary analyses. The current study investigated the relationships among masturbation frequency, pornography use, and erectile functioning and dysfunction in 3586 men (mean age = 40.8 yrs, SE = 0.22) within a multivariate context that assessed sexual dysfunctions using standardized instruments and that included other covariates known to affect erectile functioning. Results indicated that frequency of pornography use was unrelated to either erectile functioning or erectile dysfunction (ED) severity in samples that included ED men with and without various sexual comorbidities or in a subset of men 30 years or younger (p = 0.28-0.79). Masturbation frequency was also only weakly and inconsistently related to erectile functioning or ED severity in the multivariate analyses (p = 0.11-0.39). In contrast, variables long known to affect erectile response emerged as the most consistent and salient predictors of erectile functioning and/or ED severity, including age (p < 0.001), having anxiety/depression (p < 0.001 except for a subset of men ≤ 30 years), having a chronic medical condition known to affect erectile functioning (p < 0.001 except for a subset of men ≤ 30 years), low sexual interest (p < 0.001), and low relationship satisfaction (p ≤ 0.04). Regarding sexual and relationship satisfaction, poorer erectile functioning (p < 0.001), lower sexual interest (p < 0.001), anxiety/depression (p < 0.001), and higher frequency of masturbation (p < 0.001) were associated with lower sexual and lower overall relationship satisfaction. In contrast, frequency of pornography use did not predict either sexual or relationship satisfaction (p ≥ 0.748). Findings of this study reiterate the relevance of long-known risk factors for understanding diminished erectile functioning while concomitantly indicating that masturbation frequency and pornography use show weak or no association with erectile functioning, ED severity, and relationship satisfaction. At the same time, although verification is needed, we do not dismiss the idea that heavy reliance on pornography use coupled with a high frequency of masturbation may represent a risk factor for diminished sexual performance during partnered sex and/or relationship satisfaction in subsets of particularly vulnerable men (e.g., younger, less experienced).
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA.
| | | | - Katelyn R Bacys
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Balazs Csonka
- Department of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hevesi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Lawless NJ, Karantzas GC, Knox L. The Development and Validation of the Pornography Use in Romantic Relationships Scale. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1799-1818. [PMID: 36853349 PMCID: PMC10125950 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent reviews of the pornography literature have called for the development of valid and reliable measures that assess multiple facets of pornography use. Moreover, despite pornography use having important implications for romantic relationships, there are currently no self-report assessments of pornography use specifically within the context of romantic relationships. To address these limitations, the current paper reports on two studies regarding the development and psychometric evaluation of a 38-item multidimensional measure of pornography use within the context of romantic relationships: the Pornography Use in Romantic Relationships Scale (PURRS). Study 1 (n = 739) reports on an Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analytic approach to determine the factor structure of the PURRS. Study 2 (n = 765) reports on the cross-validation of the factor structure of the PURRS, before assessing the criterion validity of the measure. The PURRS exhibited good internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity. The findings suggest that the PURRS is best modeled by 13 first-order factors, though a higher-order factor structure comprising four broad factors may also be used. The PURRS significantly extends on past assessments of pornography use, and in particular, advances the assessment and study of pornography use within the context of romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Lawless
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Gery C Karantzas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Laura Knox
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN. Pornography Use, Problematic Pornography Use, and Potential Impacts on Partners and Relationships. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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15
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Sánchez-Lamadrid N, Sánchez-Fuentes MDM, Moyano N, Granados R. Sexually Explicit Material and Its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables, Sexual Satisfaction, and Relationship Satisfaction in a Spanish Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14131. [PMID: 36361005 PMCID: PMC9659043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous research that has examined the use of sexually explicit material (SEM) in the Spanish population and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with the relationship are practically non-existent. Therefore, the main goal was to analyze the pattern of use of SEM (frequency, format, context, content, and purpose of its use) and its relationship with sociodemographic variables (sex, age, sexual orientation, educational level, religiosity, status of partner, number of sexual partners, and age of first exposure to SEM), sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. The sample consisted of 221 participants, with an average age equal to 29.88 years (SD = 9.73) and of Spanish nationality. All participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as the Spanish adaptations of the Sexual Media Questionnaire, Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, and Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction. Based on the results, it was found that men use SEM more frequently than women, that the age of first exposure is 14 years old, the most used pattern of SEM is internet websites with sexual content in which adult men and women appear, and the way to visualize it is alone as private stimulation. In addition, it was shown that a higher frequency of SEM use implies a decrease in sexual satisfaction and vice versa, while there is no association between the frequency of SEM use and satisfaction with the relationship. The importance of considering the use of SEM, both in research on sexual satisfaction and in clinical practice, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez-Lamadrid
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of La Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Nieves Moyano
- Faculty of Humanities and Science Education, University of Jaén, 23009 Jaén, Spain
| | - Reina Granados
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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16
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Bőthe B, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Bergeron S. Associations Between Pornography Use Frequency, Pornography Use Motivations, and Sexual Wellbeing in Couples. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:457-471. [PMID: 33724108 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1893261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pornography use is prevalent, even among partnered individuals. Although pornography use motivations represent key predictors of sexual behaviors, prior studies only assessed the associations between pornography use frequency and sexual wellbeing, with mixed results. This cross-sectional dyadic study examined the associations between partners' individual and partnered pornography use frequency, motivations, and sexual wellbeing. Self-report data from 265 couples (Mage_men = 31.49 years, SD = 8.26; Mage_women = 29.36 years, SD = 6.74) were analyzed using an actor-partner interdependence model. Men's greater emotional avoidance motivation was related to their own lower sexual function (β = -.24, p = .004) and greater sexual distress (β = .19, p = .012), while their higher sexual curiosity motivation was related to higher partnered sexual frequency (β = .15, p = .031), their own greater sexual satisfaction (β = .13, p = .022), sexual function (β = .16, p = .009), and lower sexual distress (β = -.13, p = .043). Women's higher partnered pornography use frequency was associated with their own greater sexual function (β = .15, p = .034) and lower sexual distress (β = -.14, p = .012). Additionally, women's higher individual pornography use frequency (β = .33, p < .001) and lower sexual pleasure motivation (β = -.35, p = .002) were associated with higher partnered sexual frequency. No partner effects were observed. Findings highlight that women's pornography use frequency and each partner's motivations might play crucial roles in couples' sexual wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
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17
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Wu T, Zheng Y. Perceptions of Pornography and Attitudes Toward Condom Use in Heterosexual Chinese Adults: The Effect of Sexual Pleasure, Safer Sex Communication Apprehension, and Shared Pornography Use During Sex. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1337-1350. [PMID: 34796423 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese people's pornography use is increasing and condomless sex is prevalent in pornography. However, both the relationship between pornography and condom use among Chinese adults and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are underexplored. This study examined how perceptions of pornography were associated with attitudes toward condom use through the mediating effect of gratification of sexual pleasure and safer sex communication apprehension, and how shared pornography use with a partner during sex moderated these relationships. A total of 658 participants (391 women and 267 men) aged 18-65 years and involved in a romantic relationship completed an online survey assessing pornography consumption, condom use, gratification of sexual pleasure, and safer sex communication apprehension. Results showed that expressive/erotic perceptions of pornography were associated with higher levels of gratification of sexual pleasure, which were, in turn, associated with more negative attitudes toward condom use. Expressive/erotic perceptions of pornography were also associated with lower levels of safer sex communication apprehension and lower levels of negative attitudes toward condom use. Higher levels of shared pornography use with a partner during sex strengthened the direct positive relationship between expressive/erotic perceptions of pornography and negative attitudes toward condom use. Higher levels of shared pornography use during sex also strengthened the positive relationship between expressive/erotic perceptions of pornography and gratification of sexual pleasure, and the negative relationship between expressive/erotic perceptions of pornography and safer sex communication apprehension, which in turn, were significantly associated with attitudes toward condom use. Implications for sexual health education and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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18
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Grubbs JB, Perry SL, Grant Weinandy JT, Kraus SW. Porndemic? A Longitudinal Study of Pornography Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Nationally Representative Sample of Americans. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:123-137. [PMID: 34282505 PMCID: PMC8288831 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Of the many changes in daily life brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing efforts and governmentally mandated lockdowns were among the most drastic. Coinciding with these changes, popular pornography websites made some previously premium content available for free, spurring dramatic increases in traffic to these websites. This increase in time spent at home and reported increases in traffic to specific pornographic websites led to some speculation that pornography use might generally increase over the course of the pandemic and that problematic use might also increase. To test these speculations and quantify the effects of the pandemic and its associated restrictions on social behaviors on pornography use, we analyzed data from a longitudinal sample of American adults. Baseline, nationally representative data were collected in August 2019 via YouGov (N = 2518). Subsequent data were collected in February 2020 (n = 1677), May 2020 (n = 1533), August 2020 (n = 1470), and October 2020 (n = 1269). Results indicated that, in May 2020, immediately following the height of the first wave of pandemic-related lockdowns, more people reported past-month pornography use than at other follow-up time points, but less did so than at baseline. Among those who reported use in May 2020, only 14% reported increases in use since the start of the pandemic, and their use returned to levels similar to all other users by August 2020. In general, pornography use trended downward over the pandemic, for both men and women. Problematic pornography use trended downward for men and remained low and unchanged in women. Collectively, these results suggest that many fears about pornography use during pandemic-related lockdowns were largely not supported by available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 400 E. Merry Street, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Samuel L Perry
- Department of Sociology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
| | - Jennifer T Grant Weinandy
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 400 E. Merry Street, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA
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19
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Döring N, Krämer N, Mikhailova V, Brand M, Krüger THC, Vowe G. Sexual Interaction in Digital Contexts and Its Implications for Sexual Health: A Conceptual Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:769732. [PMID: 34916999 PMCID: PMC8669394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on its prevalence, there is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms, opportunities and risks of sexual interaction in digital contexts (SIDC) that are related with sexual arousal. While there is a growing body of literature on SIDC, there is also a lack of conceptual clarity and classification. Therefore, based on a conceptual analysis, we propose to distinguish between sexual interaction (1) through, (2) via, and (3) with digital technologies. (1) Sexual interactions through digital technologies are face-to-face sexual interactions that (a) have been started digitally (e.g., people initiating face-to-face sexual encounters through adult dating apps) or (b) are accompanied by digital technology (e.g., couples augmenting their face-to-face sexual encounters through filming themselves during the act and publishing the amateur pornography online). (2) Sexual interactions via digital technology are technology-mediated interpersonal sexual interactions (e.g., via text chat: cybersex; via smartphone: sexting; via webcam: webcam sex/camming). (3) Sexual interactions with digital technology occur when the technology itself has the role of an interaction partner (e.g., sexual interaction with a sex robot or with a media persona in pornography). The three types of SIDC and their respective subtypes are explained and backed up with empirical studies that are grouped according to two major mediators: consent and commerce. Regarding the causes and consequences of the three types of SIDC we suggest a classification that entails biological, psychological, social, economic, and technological factors. Regarding implications of SIDC we suggest to focus on both opportunities and risks for sexual health. The proposed conceptual framework of SIDC is meant to inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Döring
- Media Psychology and Media Design, Institute of Media and Communication Science, Department of Economic Sciences and Media, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Nicole Krämer
- Social Psychology: Media and Communication, Department of Computer Science and Applied Cognitive Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Mikhailova
- Media Psychology and Media Design, Institute of Media and Communication Science, Department of Economic Sciences and Media, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Department of Computer Science and Applied Cognitive Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Tillmann H C Krüger
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Vowe
- Communication and Media Studies, Center for Advanced Internet Studies (CAIS), Bochum, Germany
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20
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Curvilinear associations between pornography use and relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and relationship stability in the United States. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Kohut T, Dobson KA, Balzarini RN, Rogge RD, Shaw AM, McNulty JK, Russell VM, Fisher WA, Campbell L. But What's Your Partner Up to? Associations Between Relationship Quality and Pornography Use Depend on Contextual Patterns of Use Within the Couple. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661347. [PMID: 34393898 PMCID: PMC8362880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that exposure to pornography harms relationships because pornography changes the way that individuals think, feel, and behave in problematic ways. In the current research, we contribute to a small but growing body of work that challenges this assumption by carefully scrutinizing the relational context of pornography use. In contrast to dominant theoretical explanations in this field, we argue that at least some of the apparent negative “impacts” of pornography use on relationship quality may reflect partner dissimilarity in pornography use behavior rather than the consequences of exposure to such materials. Moreover, we further examine a particular type of pornography use – shared use with a partner – which previous evidence suggests may be positively associated with relationship quality. To this end, we sought to test whether dyadic patterns of pornography use, and related attributes, were associated with sexual and relationship satisfaction in two cross-sectional (N1 = 200; N3 = 207) and two longitudinal (N2 = 77; N4 = 277) samples of heterosexual couples. Across these samples, we found consistent evidence that partners who watch pornography together report higher relationship and sexual satisfaction than partners who do not, and notably, this association was not moderated by gender. Independent of this association, we also found evidence of a similarity-dissimilarity effect, such that the solitary pornography use of one partner was negatively associated with their own relationship and sexual satisfaction, but only in cases where their romantic partners used little or no pornography alone. Further consideration of several correlates of pornography use established comparable patterns of results for dissimilarity in attitudes toward pornography, erotophobia-erotophilia, sexual preferences, and sex drive. Importantly, only dissimilarity in sex drive statistically accounted for dissimilarity in solitary pornography use, suggesting that differences in sex drive may be implicated in the associations between pornography use and relationship quality. These findings demonstrate that links between pornography use and relationship health are partially a function of different dyadic patterns of pornography use within couples and do not always suggest relational harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kohut
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ronald D Rogge
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amanda M Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James K McNulty
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - V Michelle Russell
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - William A Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorne Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Hoagland KC, Grubbs JB. Pornography Use and Holistic Sexual Functioning: a Systematic Review of Recent Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Dewitte M, Reisman Y. Clinical use and implications of sexual devices and sexually explicit media. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:359-377. [PMID: 33948009 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given that sexual pleasure is a core component of sexual health, devices that are designed to enhance and diversify sexual pleasure are particularly useful in clinical practice. Despite their growing popularity and widespread use in various biopsychosocial circumstances, many taboos still seem to exist, as indicated by the paucity of scientific literature on the prevalence, application and effectiveness of sexual devices for therapeutic use. However, sex toys and sexual devices are commonly used and have a variety of indications to expand individual and partnered sexuality and to treat sexual difficulties. Different devices are associated with specific advantages and potential risks, opportunities, barriers and ethical challenges when used in a clinical context. Increased knowledge about the aim and functional possibilities of sexual devices might help health-care professionals overcome potential embarrassment, preconceptions and other barriers, learn which patients might benefit from which products, consider their use in treatment programmes, educate about correct use and safety issues, and facilitate open communication about sexual pleasure with their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Dewitte
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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24
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Rodrigues DL, Lopes D, Dawson K, de Visser R, Štulhofer A. With or Without You: Associations Between Frequency of Internet Pornography Use and Sexual Relationship Outcomes for (Non)Consensual (Non)Monogamous Individuals. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1491-1504. [PMID: 32696155 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
More frequent internet pornography use is often associated with decreased sexual satisfaction. However, individuals who use internet pornography more often can experience better relationship outcomes, depending on how they use it in the context of their relationship. Indeed, internet pornography use with the partner seems to be positively associated with sexual satisfaction. We explored whether the type of agreement partners have about monogamy is related to this association. We conducted a cross-sectional study (N = 866; 66.3% women, Mage = 27.40, SD = 8.58) with individuals in monogamous (n = 552), non-consensual non-monogamous (NCNM; n = 210) and consensually non-monogamous (CNM; n = 104) relationships. Results showed that CNM individuals used internet pornography substantially more than the other two groups, but they were as sexually satisfied with themselves and with their primary partner as monogamous individuals. NCNM individuals were the least sexually satisfied and reported more sexual arousal difficulties than the other groups. Results further showed that CNM individuals included their primary partner in their internet pornography use more frequently than the other groups, and this inclusion was positively associated with sexual satisfaction with the primary partner. The frequency of internet pornography use with the partner was negatively associated with sexual arousal difficulties for monogamous individuals and positively associated with personal and relational sexual satisfaction in both monogamous and NCNM individuals. These results complement past findings by shedding light on the role of internet pornography use for different relationship agreements, and its association with personal and relational experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kate Dawson
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Hertlein KM, Chang J, VanYperen A, Fatkin K, Nakamura S. Experiences after infidelity via internet communication: Surveillance, ambivalence, and termination. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1907568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Hertlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jenna Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ashley VanYperen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kenneth Fatkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Shelby Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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26
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Re UBD, Hilpert P, Bodenmann G. Gemeinsamer Pornographiekonsum steht in positivem Zusammenhang mit sexueller Kommunikation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Befunde zeigen, dass Pornographiekonsum innerhalb einer Partnerschaft im Zusammenhang steht mit sexueller Zufriedenheit. Bisher wurde aber kaum berücksichtigt, ob alleiniger oder gemeinsamer Konsum dabei ausschlaggebend sind und welche Bedeutung der sexuellen Kommunikation zukommt. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht den Bezug der sexuellen Kommunikation zur sexuellen Zufriedenheit und die Rolle, die gemeinsamer versus alleiniger Pornographiekonsum dabei spielt. Methode: Es wurden in der Schweiz lebende 18- bis 60-jährige Männer und Frauen in einer mindestens einjährigen heterosexuellen Partnerschaft ( N = 1091) mittels eines anonymen Online-Fragebogens befragt. Ergebnisse: Gemeinsam-Konsumierende kommunizieren besser miteinander über ihre Sexualität und sind sexuell signifikant zufriedener als die Allein-Konsumierenden. Schlussfolgerung: Der gemeinsame Pornographiekonsum ist im Vergleich zum alleinigen Konsum mit besserer sexueller Kommunikation assoziiert. Beide Variablen gehen mit einer höheren sexuellen und allgemeinen Partnerschaftszufriedenheit einher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hilpert
- Psychologisches Institut, Universität Lausanne, Schweiz
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Psychologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Schweiz
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27
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Litsou K, Graham C, Ingham R. Women in Relationships and Their Pornography Use: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:381-413. [PMID: 33627043 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1885532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and thematic synthesis were conducted on the motivations, purposes, and influence of pornography use among women who are in committed relationships. Pornography use was identified as having both positive and negative outcomes for women's sexual and relationship lives. Women watched pornography for diverse reasons: to feel sexually empowered, to enhance sexual arousal, and for masturbation purposes. Shared use of pornography with partners provided variety in sexual activities, could aid communication about sexual issues and helped improve intimacy. Pornography use can help some women feel sexually empowered, relaxed and better able to enjoy their sexual lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Litsou
- Centre for Sexual Health Research, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Cynthia Graham
- Centre for Sexual Health Research, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Roger Ingham
- Centre for Sexual Health Research, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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28
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Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Rosen NO, Štulhofer A, Bosisio M, Bergeron S. Pornography Use and Sexual Health among Same-Sex and Mixed-Sex Couples: An Event-Level Dyadic Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:667-681. [PMID: 33398695 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A large number of partnered individuals regularly use or are in a relationship with someone who uses pornography. However, knowledge concerning the association between pornography use and partnered sexual health-sexual satisfaction, distress, and function-is fragmentary. The current study used an event-level dyadic design to examine the associations between pornography use and sexual satisfaction, distress, and function on days when partnered sexual activity occurred. A convenience sample of 217 couples (Mage = 30.2; SD = 8.3; 72 same-sex couples) completed a short survey on days of sexual activity with their partner, over a 35-day period. Self-report measures included questions about daily pornography use and masturbation as well as daily sexual satisfaction, distress, and function. Using pornography on days of partnered sexual activity was reported by half of the couples. An individual's solitary pornography use on days of partnered sexual activity was related to their partner's higher sexual distress and, for women's use only, to their own higher quality of lubrication, compared to sex days without solitary pornography use. There was no evidence of an association between pornography use on sex days, whether alone or with the partner, and all other aspects of sexual health including sexual satisfaction. Our findings capture the complexity of the associations between pornography and sexual health. Men and women's pornography use may create idealized fantasies around appearance and performance, which may lead the partner to feel distressed about their sex life. Women's pornography use might facilitate their sexual responsiveness during partnered sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Pavillon Michel-Sarrazin, 3600 rue Sainte-Marguerite, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
| | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Myriam Bosisio
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Huntington C, Markman H, Rhoades G. Watching Pornography Alone or Together: Longitudinal Associations With Romantic Relationship Quality. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:130-146. [PMID: 33107786 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1835760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pornography viewing has been cross-sectionally and longitudinally linked to poorer romantic relationship quality. However, only a few studies have looked at (1) the associations of changes in pornography viewing over time with relationship characteristics, (2) differential impacts of watching alone and watching with one's partner, and (3) how gender moderates these associations. The current study utilizes multilevel modeling to assess for between- and within-subject effects of watching pornography alone versus together on romantic relationship quality over time. A random national sample of 1,234 individuals, who began the study in unmarried heterosexual romantic relationships of at least 2 months' duration, completed five waves of mail-in surveys over a 20-month period. Watching pornography alone was generally associated with poorer relationship quality for men (e.g., lower relationship adjustment and commitment, less emotional intimacy), but better relationship quality for women. People who reported watching more pornography with their partner reported more relationship intimacy and increases in watching together over time were associated with increases in sexual intimacy. Both watching alone and watching together were related to higher levels of psychological aggression between partners, with few differences by gender. Implications for sex education, relationship education, and couples therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Markman
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Galena Rhoades
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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30
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Willoughby B, Leonhardt N, Augustus R. Untangling the Porn Web: Creating an Organizing Framework for Pornography Research Among Couples. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:709-721. [PMID: 31829728 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1698003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Research exploring the correlates, moderators, and potential consequences of viewing pornography for romantic couples has surged in recent years. Research in this area has primarily focused on the question of whether viewing pornography for either partner (or together) is related to enhanced, diminished, or has no effect on relational well-being. However, this narrow scholarly focus and the continued methodological limitations of research in this area have made synthesizing or drawing broad conclusions about pornography use from this scholarship difficult. One specific limitation of this area is the lack of any broad organizational framework that could help scholars categorize existing research while also laying the groundwork for future scholarship. In this paper, we argue for such a framework and suggest that relational pornography scholarship could be organized across five broad dimensions: the nuances of the content viewed, individual background factors, personal views and attitudes, a couple's relational context, and couple processes. We provide a justification for these five areas and then discuss how this framework could help organize and structure the research in this area moving forward.
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31
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Tech Talk: Analyzing the Negotiations and Rules Around Technology Use in Intimate Relationships. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-019-09522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Perry SL. Where Does Masturbation Fit in All This? We Need to Incorporate Measures of Solo-Masturbation in Models Connecting Sexual Media Use to Sexual Quality (or Anything Else). ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:2265-2269. [PMID: 30607712 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Perry
- Department of Sociology, University of Oklahoma, 780 Van Vleet Oval, Kaufman Hall 335A, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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33
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Dwulit AD, Rzymski P. The Potential Associations of Pornography Use with Sexual Dysfunctions: An Integrative Literature Review of Observational Studies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E914. [PMID: 31247949 PMCID: PMC6679165 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the associations between pornography use and sexual dysfunction based on evidence from observational studies. The existing data in this regard mostly derive from cross-sectional investigations and case reports. There is little if no evidence that pornography use may induce delayed ejaculation and erectile dysfunction, although longitudinal studies that control for confounding variables are required for a full assessment. The associations between pornography use and sexual desire may differ between women and men although the existing data is contradictory and causal relationships cannot be established. The strongest evidence is available for the relation of pornography use with decreased sexual satisfaction, although the results of prospective studies are inconsistent. The paper outlines future research prospects beneficial in understanding the nature of associations between pornography use and sexual dysfunctions in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Diana Dwulit
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
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Dwulit AD, Rzymski P. Prevalence, Patterns and Self-Perceived Effects of Pornography Consumption in Polish University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1861. [PMID: 31137778 PMCID: PMC6571756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional online survey of Polish students (n = 6463) assessed the frequency and patterns of pornography consumption, its self-perceived effects, the prevalence of self-perceived pornography addiction, and opinions on the potential effects of pornography and its legal status. Nearly 80% of students have been exposed to pornography (median age of first exposure: 14 years). Streaming videos were decidedly the most frequent form of use. In the subset of current users (n = 4260), daily use and self-perceived addiction was reported by 10.7% and 15.5%, respectively. The majority of those surveyed did not report any negative effects of pornography use on their sexual function, sexual, and relationship satisfaction. Instead, over one-quarter of students in relationships reported beneficial effects on its quality. The most common self-perceived adverse effects of pornography use included: the need for longer stimulation (12.0%) and more sexual stimuli (17.6%) to reach orgasm, and a decrease in sexual satisfaction (24.5%). Females and males with a Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2 more often reported a self-perceived decrease in relationship quality associated with pornography use. Age of first exposure was significantly associated with reported need for longer stimulation and more sexual stimuli to reach orgasm when using pornography, decrease in sexual satisfaction, and quality of romantic relationship, neglect of basic needs and duties due to pornography use, and self-perceived addiction in both females and males. The highest odds ratios were always observed for age <12 years in reference to exposure at >16 years. In the opinion of most of the surveyed students, pornography may have adverse effects on human health, although access restrictions should not be implemented. The study gives a broad insight into the pornography consumption in young Polish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Diana Dwulit
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
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