1
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Haque PS, Kapur N, Barrett TA, Theiss AL. Mitochondrial function and gastrointestinal diseases. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00931-2. [PMID: 38740978 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that function in cellular energy metabolism, intracellular and extracellular signalling, cellular fate and stress responses. Mitochondria of the intestinal epithelium, the cellular interface between self and enteric microbiota, have emerged as crucial in intestinal health. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of intestinal epithelial cell mitochondrial metabolism, function and signalling to affect tissue homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition. We also discuss mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer and the evolving concept of mitochondrial impairment as a consequence versus initiator of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa S Haque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Terrence A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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2
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Hou J, Li T, Hsu JM, Zhang X, Hung MC. Gasdermins and cancers. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101833. [PMID: 37647772 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of gasdermin as the executor of pyroptosis has opened new avenues for the study of this process. Although pyroptosis research has mainly focused on immune cells since it was discovered three decades ago, accumulating evidence suggests that pyroptosis plays crucial roles in many biological processes. One example is the discovery of gasdermin-mediated cancer cell pyroptosis (CCP) which has become an important and frontier field in oncology. Recent studies have shown that CCP induction can heat tumor microenvironment (TME) and thereby elicit the robust anti-tumor immunity to suppress tumor growth. As a newly discovered form of tumor cell death, CCP offers promising opportunities for improving tumor treatment and developing new drugs. Nevertheless, the research on CCP is still in its infancy, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression, regulation and activation of gasdermins are not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of gasdermin research in cancer area, and propose that the anti-tumor effect of immune cell pyroptosis (ICP) and CCP depends on their duration, intensity, and the type of cells undergoing pyroptosis within TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Tiansheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Feilstrecker Balani G, dos Santos Cortez M, Picasky da Silveira Freitas JE, Freire de Melo F, Zarpelon-Schutz AC, Teixeira KN. Immune response modulation in inflammatory bowel diseases by Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4604-4615. [PMID: 37662864 PMCID: PMC10472898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i30.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies point to an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although controversial, this association indicates that the presence of the bacterium somehow affects the course of IBD. It appears that H. pylori infection influences IBD through changes in the diversity of the gut microbiota, and hence in local chemical characteristics, and alteration in the pattern of gut immune response. The gut immune response appears to be modulated by H. pylori infection towards a less aggressive inflammatory response and the establishment of a targeted response to tissue repair. Therefore, a T helper 2 (Th2)/macrophage M2 response is stimulated, while the Th1/macrophage M1 response is suppressed. The immunomodulation appears to be associated with intrinsic factors of the bacteria, such as virulence factors - such oncogenic protein cytotoxin-associated antigen A, proteins such H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein, but also with microenvironmental changes that favor permanence of H. pylori in the stomach. These changes include the increase of gastric mucosal pH by urease activity, and suppression of the stomach immune response promoted by evasion mechanisms of the bacterium. Furthermore, there is a causal relationship between H. pylori infection and components of the innate immunity such as the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome that directs IBD toward a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina 85.950-000, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kádima Nayara Teixeira
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina 85.950-000, Paraná, Brazil
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4
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Fan X, Yin J, Yin J, Weng X, Ding R. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin E and vitamin D on a rat model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:98. [PMID: 36761001 PMCID: PMC9893224 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the clinical effects of vitamin E and vitamin D on a rat model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC), and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with changes in the levels of cytokines. After successful establishment of the rat model of DSS-induced UC, prednisolone (1 mg/kg), vitamin D (50 ng) and vitamin E (6, 30 and 150 IU/kg) were orally administered for 1 week. The pharmacodynamics were evaluated by a daily combination of clinical observation (CO) scores, histopathological evaluations and assessment of molecular markers of inflammation. Administration of vitamin D, vitamin E (30 and 150 IU/kg), prednisolone, and the combination of vitamin D and vitamin E resulted in a decrease in CO scores. The severity of inflammation of the colon was markedly alleviated in the treatment groups compared with that in the untreated DSS group according to the results of histopathological examination; however, they showed different inhibitory effects on the levels of some cytokines. In conclusion, the present results indicated that oral administration of vitamin E could promote recovery of DSS-induced UC by the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, and that its underlying mechanism may differ from that of vitamin D and glucocorticoid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory for Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China,Office of Laboratory Management, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Neuroscience, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Yin
- National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory for Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiechuan Weng
- Department of Neuroscience, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Xiechuan Weng, Department of Neuroscience, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P.R. China NULL
| | - Rigao Ding
- National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory for Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Xiechuan Weng, Department of Neuroscience, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P.R. China NULL
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5
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Zhang J, Zeng S, Wang P, Chen Y, Zeng C. NLRP3: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1106-1116. [PMID: 37946354 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501255960231101105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an intestinal disease with complicated pathological mechanisms. The incidence of IBD has been increasing in recent years, which has a significant negative impact on the lives of patients. Therefore, it is particularly important to find new therapeutic targets and innovative drugs for the development of IBD. Recent studies have revealed that NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles can play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and sustaining the intestinal immune response in IBD. On the one hand, aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles may cause excessive immune response by converting caspase-1, proIL-18, and proIL-1β to their active forms and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines to stimulate the development and progression of IBD, and we can improve IBD by targeting blockade of NLRP3 activation. On the other hand, NLRP3 may also play an enter protective role by maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal immune system. In this paper, we reviewed the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on IBD are discussed from two different perspectives: pathology and protection. At the same time, we listed the effects of direct inhibitors, indirect inhibitors, and natural inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome on IBD in combination with cutting-edge advances and clinical practice results, providing new targets and new ideas for the clinical treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Huankui Academy of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Huankui Academy of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Huankui Academy of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Zhu S, Kong X, Song M, Chi M, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Shang P, Feng F. MiR-223-3p attenuates the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by regulating NLRP3. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985962. [PMID: 36276078 PMCID: PMC9583869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with high invasion and metastasis, which seriously threatens public health. Previous study showed that NLRP3 could promote the occurrence of lung tumors in B(a)P-induced mice. MicroRNAs are closely related to the progression and metastasis of lung cancer by regulating target genes. However, which miRNAs affect the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through regulating NLRP3 remains poorly defined. In this study, the miRNAs targeting NLRP3 were selected from TargetScan and miRDB database and finally miR-223-3p was chosen due to the consistent expression in both A549 and H520 cells. Then, the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells were detected with miR-223-3p mimic and inhibitor using Transwell assay, at the same time the expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 was determined using Western Blot and immunohistochemistry assay. Our data demonstrated that miR-223-3p was upregulated in both A549 and H520 cells. Furthermore, the migration and invasion of A549 and H520 cells were promoted after inhibiting miR-223-3p. Besides, the levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were increased in the two lung cancer cells. And the corresponding results were contrary in miR-223-3p mimic group. Taken together, miR-223-3p attenuates the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by regulating NLRP3, which provides evidence for the prevention and targeted treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangbing Kong
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengru Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Chi
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- College of Public Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Feng, ; Pingping Shang,
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Feng, ; Pingping Shang,
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7
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NF-κB: A Double-Edged Sword Controlling Inflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061250. [PMID: 35740272 PMCID: PMC9219609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, when properly mounted and precisely calibrated, is a beneficial process that enables the rapid removal of invading pathogens and/or cellular corpses and promotes tissue repair/regeneration to restore homeostasis after injury. Being a paradigm of a rapid response transcription factor, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family plays a central role in amplifying inflammation by inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, NF-κB also induces the expression of pro-survival and -proliferative genes responsible for promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Paradoxically, recent studies have suggested that the NF-κB pathway can also exert inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production to temper inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding about the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of NF-κB and discuss the implication of its dichotomous inflammation-modulating activity in the context of inflammasome activation and tumorigenesis.
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8
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Khan I, Wei J, Li A, Liu Z, Yang P, Jing Y, Chen X, Zhao T, Bai Y, Zha L, Li C, Ullah N, Che T, Zhang C. Lactobacillus plantarum strains attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and immune response. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:587-603. [PMID: 35414032 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has become a new therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects and have shown good efficacy in the clinical treatment of IBD and animal models of colitis. However, how these probiotics contribute to the amelioration of IBD is largely unknown. In the current study, the DSS-induced mouse colitis model was treated with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strains to investigate their effects on colitis. The results indicated that the L. plantarum strains improved dysbiosis and enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Moreover, L. plantarum strains decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-22, and TNF-α and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., TGF-β, IL-10. Our result suggests that L. plantarum strains possess probiotic effects and can ameliorate DSS colitis in mice by modulating the resident gut microbiota and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junshu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Anping Li
- Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yaping Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lajia Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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9
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Xiao J, Sun K, Wang C, Abu-Amer Y, Mbalaviele G. Compound loss of GSDMD and GSDME function is necessary to achieve maximal therapeutic effect in colitis. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100162. [PMID: 36097634 PMCID: PMC9463374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME) perpetuate inflammation by mediating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. However, not only are the actions of GSDMD in colitis still controversial, but its interplay with GSDME in the pathogenesis of this disease has not been investigated. We sought to fill these knowledge gaps using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) experimental mouse colitis model. DSS ingestion by wild-type mice caused body weight loss as the result of severe gut inflammation, outcomes that were significantly attenuated in Gsdmd−/− or Gsdme−/− mice and nearly fully prevented in Gsdmd−/−;Gsdme−/− animals. To assess the translational implications of these findings, we tested the efficacy of the active metabolite of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved disulfiram, which inhibits GSDMD and GSDME function. The severe DSS-induced gut toxicity was significantly decreased in mice treated with the inhibitor. Collectively, our findings indicate that disruption of the function of both GSDMD and GSDME is necessary to achieve maximal therapeutic effect in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Corresponding author. Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110.
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10
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Watanabe D, Guo Y, Kamada N. Interaction between the inflammasome and commensal microorganisms in gastrointestinal health and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13452. [PMID: 34705319 PMCID: PMC8649886 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that plays a crucial role in inflammation and cell death. The sensor proteins in the inflammasome complex detect various microbial and endogenous stimuli, leading to subsequent caspase activation. The activation of caspases results in the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 or pyroptosis. Inflammasome dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including autoimmune disease and cancer. It appears that the interactions between the gut microbiota and the inflammasome play crucial roles in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota induces the expression and activation of inflammasome proteins, which contribute to both homeostasis and disease in the gut. Likewise, although controversial, mounting evidence suggests that inflammasome activation can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, which, in turn, affects disease progression. In this review, we summarize the current concepts and recent insights linking the inflammasome and gut commensal microorganisms. We describe how the reciprocal interaction between the inflammasome and the commensal microbiota relates to physiological and pathophysiological consequences in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yijie Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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11
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Hou J, Hsu JM, Hung MC. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in inflammation and antitumor immunity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4579-4590. [PMID: 34562371 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonically, gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage by caspase-1 through inflammasome signaling triggers immune cell pyroptosis (ICP) as a host defense against pathogen infection. However, cancer cell pyroptosis (CCP) was recently discovered to be activated by distinct molecular mechanisms in which GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDME, rather than GSDMD, are the executioners. Moreover, instead of inflammatory caspases, apoptotic caspases and granzymes are required for gasdermin protein cleavage to induce CCP. Sufficient accumulation of protease-cleaved gasdermin proteins is the prerequisite for CCP. Inflammation induced by ICP or CCP results in diametrically opposite effects on antitumor immunity because of the differential duration and released cellular contents, leading to contrary effects on therapeutic outcomes. Here, we focus on the distinct mechanisms of ICP and CCP and discuss the roles of ICP and CCP in inflammation and antitumor immunity, representing actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Hou
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Bruland T, Østvik AE, Sandvik AK, Hansen MD. Host-Viral Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910851. [PMID: 34639191 PMCID: PMC8509287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic mucosal inflammation. During the early stages of viral infection, innate immune defenses are activated, leading to the rapid release of cytokines and the subsequent initiation of downstream responses including inflammation. Previously, intestinal viruses were thought to be either detrimental or neutral to the host. However, persisting viruses may have a role as resident commensals and confer protective immunity during inflammation. On the other hand, the dysregulation of gut mucosal immune responses to viruses can trigger excessive, pathogenic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss virus-induced innate immune responses that are at play in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Doré Hansen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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13
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IF1 inactivation attenuates experimental colitis through downregulation of neutrophil infiltration in colon mucosa. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107980. [PMID: 34298397 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
IF1 is a mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of ATP synthase activity. The role of IF1 remains to be established in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this study, we report that IF1 gene inactivation generated protection against IBD in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. IF1 gene knockout (IF1-KO) mice developed less severe colitis than the wild type (WT) mice as judged by parameters including disease activity index (DAI), body weight loss, inflammatory cytokines, leukocyte infiltration and bacterial invasion in the colon tissue. The intestinal barrier integrity was protected in the colon tissue of IF1-KO mice through a reduction in apoptosis and inflammasomal activity. The protection was abolished in the KO mice after substitution of the immune cells with the wild type cells following bone marrow transplantation. Depletion of neutrophils with anti-Gr-1 antibody abolished the protection from colitis in IF1-KO mice. Neutrophil number was decreased in the peripheral blood of IF1-KO mice, which was associated with a reduction in LC3A/B proteins in the KO neutrophils in Rapamycin-induced autophagy response. Inhibition of autophagy with the lysosome inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) decreased the absolute number of neutrophils in WT mice and protected the mice from colitis. Taken together, these findings suggest that IF1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD through acceleration of neutrophil autophagy. The activity is attenuated in the IF1-KO mice through reduction of autophagy in neutrophils leading to resistance to IBD.
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14
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Inflammasomes and Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092172. [PMID: 34571825 PMCID: PMC8467678 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are important intracellular multiprotein signaling complexes that modulate the activation of caspase-1 and induce levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in response to pathogenic microorganisms and molecules that originated from host proteins. Inflammasomes play contradictory roles in the development of inflammation-induced cancers. Based on several findings, inflammasomes can initiate and promote carcinogenesis. On the contrary, inflammasomes also exhibit anticancer effects by triggering pyroptosis and immunoregulatory functions. Herein, we review extant studies delving into different functions of inflammasomes in colorectal cancer development.
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15
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The intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium is controlled by an enterocyte intrinsic inflammasome that depends on NLRP6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2007807118. [PMID: 33372132 PMCID: PMC7812745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007807118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is able to control pathogens while tolerating and interpreting microbial cues from an abundant microbiome. The mechanisms of innate recognition are crucial to differentiating between pathogen and commensal in this tissue and to mounting an appropriate inflammatory response. Persistent inflammation can alter the cellular architecture and physiology of the gut and have lasting impact on the nutritional state of children who face frequent infection with certain enteric pathogens. We demonstrate that the widespread parasite Cryptosporidium acts as a potent trigger for an enterocyte-intrinsic inflammasome that depends on the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-6 and results in the local release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18. The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium infects the intestinal epithelium. While infection is widespread around the world, children in resource-poor settings suffer a disproportionate disease burden. Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease, responsible for mortality and stunted growth in children. CD4 T cells are required to resolve this infection, but powerful innate mechanisms control the parasite prior to the onset of adaptive immunity. Here, we use the natural mouse pathogen Cryptosporidium tyzzeri to demonstrate that the inflammasome plays a critical role in initiating this early response. Mice lacking core inflammasome components, including caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, show increased parasite burden and caspase 1 deletion solely in enterocytes phenocopies whole-body knockout (KO). This response was fully functional in germfree mice and sufficient to control Cryptosporidium infection. Inflammasome activation leads to the release of IL-18, and mice that lack IL-18 are more susceptible to infection. Treatment of infected caspase 1 KO mice with recombinant IL-18 is remarkably efficient in rescuing parasite control. Notably, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) was the only NLR required for innate parasite control. Taken together, these data support a model of innate recognition of Cryptosporidium infection through an NLRP6-dependent and enterocyte-intrinsic inflammasome that leads to the release of IL-18 required for parasite control.
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16
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Khatri V, Kalyanasundaram R. Therapeutic implications of inflammasome in inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21439. [PMID: 33774860 PMCID: PMC8010917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002622r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a persistent health problem with a global burden surging over 6.8 million cases currently. Clinical pathology of IBD is complicated; however, hyperactive inflammatory and immune responses in the gut is shown to be one of the persistent causes of the disease. Human gut inflammasome, the activator of innate immune system is believed to be a primary underlying cause for the pathology and is largely associated with the progression of IBD. To manage IBD, there is a need to fully understand the role of inflammasome activation in IBD. Since inflammasome potentially play a significant role in IBD, systemic modulation of inflammasome may provide an effective therapeutic and clinical approach to control IBD symptoms. In this review, we have focused on this association between IBD and gut inflammasome, and recent advances in the research and therapeutic strategies for IBD. We have discussed inflammasomes and their components, outcomes from the experimental animals and human studies, inflammasome inhibitors, and developments in the inflammasome-targeted therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Khatri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA
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17
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Venuprasad K, Theiss AL. NLRP6 in host defense and intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109043. [PMID: 33910012 PMCID: PMC8106960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP6 is a member of the NLR (nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptor) family of proteins that recognize pathogen-derived factors and damage-associated molecular patterns in the cytosol. The function of NLRP6 has been attributed to the maintenance of epithelial integrity and host defense against microbial infections. Under some physiological conditions, NLRP6 forms a complex with ASC and caspase-1 or caspase-11 to form an inflammasome complex cleaving pro-interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 into their biologically active forms. Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of activation of the NLRP6 inflammasome and discuss its relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Venuprasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine at the Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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18
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Yu P, Zhang X, Liu N, Tang L, Peng C, Chen X. Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:128. [PMID: 33776057 PMCID: PMC8005494 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 276.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis. In brief, pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors. The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors, and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Yu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Nian Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ling Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cong Peng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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19
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Hirooka Y, Nozaki Y, Niki K, Inoue A, Sugiyama M, Kinoshita K, Funauchi M, Matsumura I. Foxp3-Positive Regulatory T Cells Contribute to Antifibrotic Effects in Renal Fibrosis via an Interleukin-18 Receptor Signaling Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:604656. [PMID: 33344483 PMCID: PMC7738332 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.604656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common lesion in the process of various progressive renal diseases. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the induction of Th1 responses and is associated with renal interstitial fibrosis, but the mechanism of fibrosis remains unclear. Here we used IL-18 receptor alpha knockout (IL-18Rα KO) mice to investigate the role of an IL-18Rα signaling pathway in renal fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. IL-18 Rα KO mice showed decreased renal interstitial fibrosis and increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared to wildtype (WT) mice. The expression of renal transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1, which is considered an important cytokine in renal interstitial fibrosis) was not significantly different between WT and IL-18Rα KO mice. The adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from the splenocytes of IL-18Rα KO mice to WT mice reduced renal interstitial fibrosis and increased the number of Foxp3+ Tregs in WT mice. These results demonstrated that Foxp3+ Tregs have a protective effect in renal interstitial fibrosis via an IL-18R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hirooka
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Funauchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Attenuated Inflammatory Response Associated to Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110519. [PMID: 33233503 PMCID: PMC7699594 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a multifactorial chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation and immune response. In this context, NLRP3 over-activation is associated with a breakdown of enteric-immune balance related to IBS-D. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inflammasome inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, in a rat model of IBS-D. Syndrome was induced by intracolonic instillation of 1 mL 4% acetic acid at 8 cm proximal to the anus for 30 s and sacrificed 2 weeks after IBS-D induction. BAY 11-7082 (10 and 30 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage. The results obtained showed that the treatment with BAY 11-7082 (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced tissue injury characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and loss of colon structure. We demonstrated that BAY 11-7082 treatment inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-kB translocation, reducing inflammatory mediators. Moreover, treatment with BAY 11-7082 restored tight junction alteration following IBS-D induction and reduced the restraint stress. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IBS-D induced NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation, accompanied by the production of proinflammatory response. The modulation of the inflammosome pathway with BAY 11-7082 inhibitor significantly reduced pathological signs of IBS-D, therefore, can be considered a valuable strategy to reduce the development of IBS-D.
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21
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Cui S, Wang C, Bai W, Li J, Pan Y, Huang X, Yang H, Feng Z, Xiang Q, Fei L, Zheng L, Huang J, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Chen Y. CD1d1 intrinsic signaling in macrophages controls NLRP3 inflammasome expression during inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eaaz7290. [PMID: 33087357 PMCID: PMC7577718 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of immune responses in the gut often associates with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mouse CD1d1, an ortholog of human CD1d mainly participating in lipid-antigen presentation to NKT cells, is able to generate intrinsic signals upon stimulation. Mice with macrophage-specific CD1d1 deficiency (LymCD1d1-/- ) acquire resistance to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, attributing to the transcriptional inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome components. The hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome accounts for gut epithelial proliferation and intestine-blood barrier integrity. Mechanistically, occupancy by the natural ligand glycosphingolipid iGb3, CD1d1 responds with intracellular Ser330 dephosphorylation thus to reduce the Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1)-associated AKT-STAT1 phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation, eventually causing transcriptional down-regulation of Nlrp3 and its immediate substrates Il1b and Il18 in macrophages. Therefore, the counterbalancing role of CD1d1 in macrophages appears to determine severity of DSS-mediated colitis in mice. These findings propose new intervention strategies for treating IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cui
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Jilin Province 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Bai
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing University Center Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Jilin Province 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Feng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Xiang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing University Center Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinggao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Jilin Province 133000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Mukherjee S, Kumar R, Tsakem Lenou E, Basrur V, Kontoyiannis DL, Ioakeimidis F, Mosialos G, Theiss AL, Flavell RA, Venuprasad K. Deubiquitination of NLRP6 inflammasome by Cyld critically regulates intestinal inflammation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:626-635. [PMID: 32424362 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome NLRP6 plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation and host defense against microorganisms in the intestine. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NLRP6 function is inhibited to prevent excessive inflammation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase Cyld prevents excessive interleukin 18 (IL-18) production in the colonic mucosa by deubiquitinating NLRP6. We show that deubiquitination inhibited the NLRP6-ASC inflammasome complex and regulated the maturation of IL-18. Cyld deficiency in mice resulted in elevated levels of active IL-18 and severe colonic inflammation following Citrobacter rodentium infection. Further, in patients with ulcerative colitis, the concentration of active IL-18 was inversely correlated with CYLD expression. Thus, we have identified a novel regulatory mechanism that inhibits the NLRP6-IL-18 pathway in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elviche Tsakem Lenou
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Ioakeimidis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mosialos
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine at the Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K Venuprasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Emerging Roles for Interleukin-18 in the Gastrointestinal Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1240:59-72. [PMID: 32060888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, has emerged as a key regulator of mucosal homeostasis within the gastrointestinal tract. Like other members of this family, IL-18 is secreted as an inactive protein and is processed into its active form by caspase-1, although other contributors to precursor processing are emerging.Numerous studies have evaluated the role of IL-18 within the gastrointestinal tract using genetic or complementary pharmacological tools and have revealed multiple roles in tumorigenesis. Most striking among these are the divergent roles for IL-18 in colon and gastric cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of IL-18 biology and how this applies to colorectal and gastric cancers.
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24
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Winsor N, Krustev C, Bruce J, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13079. [PMID: 31265745 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic, multimeric protein complexes capable of activating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, which play a key role in host defence. Inflammasome components are highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium. In recent years, studies have begun to demonstrate that epithelial-intrinsic inflammasomes play a critical role in regulating epithelial homeostasis, both by defending the epithelium from pathogenic insult and through the regulation of the mucosal environment. However, the majority of research regarding inflammasome activation has focused on professional immune cells, such as macrophages. Here, we present an overview of the current understanding of inflammasome function in epithelial cells and at mucosal surfaces and, in particular, in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Winsor
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Krustev
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Bruce
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Down-regulation of RalGTPase-Activating Protein Promotes Colitis-Associated Cancer via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:277-293. [PMID: 31622786 PMCID: PMC6957823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ral guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein α2 (RalGAPα2) is the major catalytic subunit of the negative regulators of the small guanosine triphosphatase Ral, a member of the Ras subfamily. Ral regulates tumorigenesis and invasion/metastasis of some cancers; however, the role of Ral in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) has not been investigated. We aimed to elucidate the role of Ral in the mechanism of CAC. METHODS We used wild-type (WT) mice and RalGAPα2 knockout (KO) mice that showed Ral activation, and bone marrow chimeric mice were generated as follows: WT to WT, WT to RalGAPα2 KO, RalGAPα2 KO to WT, and RalGAPα2 KO to RalGAPα2 KO mice. CAC was induced in these mice by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane followed by dextran sulfate sodium intake. Intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from colon tissues, and we performed complementary DNA microarray analysis. Cytokine expression in normal colon tissues and CAC was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Bone marrow chimeric mice showed that immune cell function between WT mice and RalGAPα2 KO mice was not significantly different in the CAC mechanism. RalGAPα2 KO mice had a significantly larger tumor number and size and a significantly higher proportion of tumors invading the submucosa than WT mice. Higher expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 were observed in RalGAPα2 KO mice than in WT mice. The expression levels of interleukin 1β, NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and caspase-1 were apparently increased in the tumors of RalGAPα2 KO mice compared with WT mice. NLRP3 inhibitor reduced the number of invasive tumors. CONCLUSIONS Ral activation participates in the mechanism of CAC development via NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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26
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Zhou CB, Fang JY. The role of pyroptosis in gastrointestinal cancer and immune responses to intestinal microbial infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Sutcliffe S, Kalyan S, Pankovich J, Chen JMH, Gluck R, Thompson D, Bosiljcic M, Bazett M, Fedorak RN, Panaccione R, Axler J, Marshall JK, Mullins DW, Kabakchiev B, McGovern DPB, Jang J, Coldman A, Vandermeirsch G, Bressler B, Gunn H. Novel Microbial-Based Immunotherapy Approach for Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:170. [PMID: 31380382 PMCID: PMC6659126 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Current Crohn's disease (CD) therapies focus on suppressing immune function and come with consequent risk, such as infection and cancer. Notwithstanding, most CD patients still experience disease progression. There is a need for new CD treatment strategies that offer better health outcomes for patients. Aims: To assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of a novel microbial-derived immunotherapy, QBECO, that aims to restore rather than suppress immune function in CD. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 68 patients with moderate-to-severe CD. Primary endpoints: safety and Week 8 clinical improvement. Secondary endpoints: Week 8 clinical response and remission. Week 8 responders continued blinded treatment through Week 16; non-responders received open-label QBECO from Weeks 9–16. Exploratory analyses included immune biomarker and genotype assessments. Results: QBECO was well-tolerated. Mean reduction in Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score was −68 for QBECO vs. −31 for placebo at Week 8. Improvement with QBECO continued through Week 16 (-130 CDAI reduction). Week 8 QBECO clinical response, improvement and remission rates were 41.2%, 32.4%, 29.4% vs. 26.5%, 23.5%, 23.5% for placebo. TNFα inhibitor-naïve subjects achieved higher response rates at Week 8 with QBECO (64%) vs. placebo (26%). Specific immune biomarkers were identified that linked to QBECO response. Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study supports further investigation for the use of QBECO as a novel immunotherapy approach for CD. Biomarker analyses suggests it may be feasible to personalize CD treatment with QBECO. Larger trials are now needed to confirm clinical improvement and the unique biological findings. Clinical Trial Number: NCT01809275 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01809275)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darby Thompson
- Emmes Canada, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Richard N Fedorak
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Axler
- Toronto Digestive Disease Associates Inc., Vaughan, ON, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Department of Medicine and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David W Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Boyko Kabakchiev
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julie Jang
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Coldman
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brian Bressler
- Gastrointestinal Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hal Gunn
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
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28
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Mendes V, Galvão I, Vieira AT. Mechanisms by Which the Gut Microbiota Influences Cytokine Production and Modulates Host Inflammatory Responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:393-409. [PMID: 31013453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract encounters a wide variety of microorganisms, including beneficial symbionts, pathobionts, and pathogens. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota, directly or indirectly through its components, such as metabolites, actively participates in the host inflammatory response by cytokine-microbiota or microbiota-cytokine modulation interactions, both in the gut and systemically. Therefore, further elucidation of host cytokine molecular pathways and microbiota components will provide a novel and promising therapeutic approach to control or prevent inflammatory disease and to maintain host homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to summarize well-established scientific findings and provide an updated overview regarding the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can influence the inflammatory response by modulating the host's cytokine pathways that are mostly involved, but not exclusively so, with gut homeostasis. In addition, we will highlight recent results from our group, which suggest that the microbiota promotes cytokine release from inflammatory cells though activation of microbial metabolite sensor receptors that are more highly expressed on inflammatory and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviani Mendes
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- 3 Department of Cellular Biology ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Thomaz Vieira
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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29
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular platforms that assemble upon sensing various intracellular stimuli. Inflammasome assembly leads to activation of caspase 1, thereby promoting the secretion of bioactive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and inducing an inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. Effectors of the inflammasome efficiently drive an immune response, primarily providing protection against microbial infections and mediating control over sterile insults. However, aberrant inflammasome signalling is associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration and malignancies. Chronic inflammation perpetuated by inflammasome activation plays a central role in all stages of tumorigenesis, including immunosuppression, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Conversely, inflammasome signalling also contributes to tumour suppression by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, which portrays the diverse roles of inflammasomes in tumorigenesis. Studies have underscored the importance of environmental factors, such as diet and gut microbiota, in inflammasome signalling, which in turn influences tumorigenesis. In this Review, we deliver an overview of the interplay between inflammasomes and tumorigenesis and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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30
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Huang X, Feng Z, Jiang Y, Li J, Xiang Q, Guo S, Yang C, Fei L, Guo G, Zheng L, Wu Y, Chen Y. VSIG4 mediates transcriptional inhibition of Nlrp3 and Il-1β in macrophages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7426. [PMID: 30662948 PMCID: PMC6326752 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, but the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of Nlrp3 remain elusive. We demonstrate here that macrophages lacking V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (Vsig4) exhibit significant increases in Nlrp3 and Il-1β transcription, caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in response to NLRP3 inflammasome stimuli. VSIG4 interacts with MS4A6D in the formation of a surface signaling complex. VSIG4 occupancy triggers Ser232 and Ser235 phosphorylation in MS4A6D, leading to activation of JAK2-STAT3-A20 cascades that further results in nuclear factor κB suppression and Nlrp3 and Il-1β repression. Exaggerated NLRP3 and IL-1β expression in Vsig4-/- mice is accountable for deleterious disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and resistance to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The agonistic VSIG4 antibodies (VG11), acting through NLRP3 and IL-1β suppression, show significant therapeutic efficacy in mouse EAE. These findings highlight VSIG4 as a prospective target for treating NLRP3-associated inflammatory disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate/pharmacology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/pharmacology
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/immunology
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- THP-1 Cells
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Huang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Feng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhong Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialin Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Xiang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengying Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoning Guo
- Department of Emergency, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Mao L, Kitani A, Strober W, Fuss IJ. The Role of NLRP3 and IL-1β in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2566. [PMID: 30455704 PMCID: PMC6230716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is logical to assume that a major pro-inflammatory mechanism, i.e., the NLRP3 inflammasome would play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in humans. However, while both studies of murine models of gut disease and patients provide data that the main cytokine product generated by this inflammasome, IL-1β, does in fact contribute to inflammation in IBD, there is no evidence that IL-1β plays a decisive or prominent role in "ordinary" patients with IBD (Crohn's disease). On the other hand, there are several definable point mutations that result in over-active NLRP3 inflammasome activity and in these cases, the gut inflammation is driven by IL-1β and is treatable by biologic agents that block the effects of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan J. Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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32
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Commensal microbiota induces colonic barrier structure and functions that contribute to homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14184. [PMID: 30242285 PMCID: PMC6155058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier encompasses structural, permeability and immune aspects of the gut mucosa that, when disrupted, may contribute to chronic inflammation. Although gnotobiotic studies have demonstrated the effects of microbiota on mucosal and systemic immunity, as well as intestinal barrier architecture and innate immune characteristics, its impact on barrier function remains unclear. We compared germ-free and conventional mice, as well as mice colonized with human fecal microbiota that were followed for 21 days post-colonization. Colonic barrier structure was investigated by immunohistochemistry, molecular and electron microscopy techniques. Permeability was assessed in colon tissue by Ussing chambers, and by serum LPS and MDP detection using TLR4- and NOD2-NFκB reporter assays. Microbiota profile was determined by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Low dose dextran sodium sulfate was administered to assess microbiota-induced barrier changes on resistance to colonic injury. Permeability to paracellular probes and mucus layer structure resembled that of conventional mice by day 7 post-colonization, coinciding with reduced claudin-1 expression and transient IL-18 production by intestinal epithelial cells. These post-colonization adaptations were associated with decreased systemic bacterial antigen exposure and reduced susceptibility to intestinal injury. In conclusion, commensal colonization promotes physiological barrier structural and functional adaptations that contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
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33
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NLRP3 inflammasome in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:817-830. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Inserra A, Rogers GB, Licinio J, Wong ML. The Microbiota-Inflammasome Hypothesis of Major Depression. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800027. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Mind and Brain Theme; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide 5001 SA Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Medicine and Public Health; Flinders University; Bedford Park 5042 SA Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience; Flinders University; Bedford Park 5042 Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- Infection and Immunity Theme; South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute; North TerracAdelaide 5001 SA Australia
- SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory; Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health; Bedford Park 5001 SA Australia
| | - Julio Licinio
- Mind and Brain Theme; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide 5001 SA Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Medicine and Public Health; Flinders University; Bedford Park 5042 SA Australia
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University; Syracuse NY 13210 USA
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Mind and Brain Theme; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide 5001 SA Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Medicine and Public Health; Flinders University; Bedford Park 5042 SA Australia
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University; Syracuse NY 13210 USA
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35
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is a site of intense immune cell activity that is poised to mount an effective response against a pathogen and yet maintain tolerance toward commensal bacteria and innocuous dietary antigens. The role of cell death in gut pathologies is particularly important as the intestinal epithelium undergoes self-renewal every 4-7 days through a continuous process of cell death and cell division. Cell death is also required for removal of infected, damaged, and cancerous cells. Certain forms of cell death trigger inflammation through release of damage-associated molecular patterns. Further, molecules involved in cell death decisions also moonlight as critical nodes in immune signaling. The manner of cell death is, therefore, highly instructive of the immunological consequences that ensue. Perturbations in cell death pathways can impact the regulation of the immune system with deleterious consequences. In this review, we discuss the various forms of cell death with a special emphasis on lytic cell death pathways of pyroptosis and necroptosis and their implications in inflammation and cancer in the gut. Understanding the implications of distinct cell death pathways will help in the development of therapeutic interventions in intestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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36
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Allam O, Samarani S, Mehraj V, Jenabian MA, Tremblay C, Routy JP, Amre D, Ahmad A. HIV induces production of IL-18 from intestinal epithelial cells that increases intestinal permeability and microbial translocation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194185. [PMID: 29601578 PMCID: PMC5877838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family with multiple context dependent functions. We and others have shown that HIV infection is accompanied by increased circulating levels of IL-18 along with decreased levels of its antagonist, Interleukin-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP). The infection is also accompanied by intestinal inflammation and decreased intestinal integrity as measured by intestinal permeability, regeneration and repair. However, little is known concerning the relation between high level of IL-18 associated with the viral infection and intestinal permeability. Here we demonstrate that HIV treatment increases production of IL-18 and decreases that of IL-18BP production in human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines. IL-18 causes apoptosis of the IEC by activating caspase-1 and caspase-3. It induces epithelial barrier hyperpermeability by decreasing and disrupting both tight and adherens junction proteins, occludin, claudin 2 and beta-catenin. Disorganization of F-actin was also observed in the IEC that were exposed to the cytokine. Moreover IL-18 decreases transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 and increases permeability in HT29 monolayers. The cells' treatment with IL-18 causes an increase in the expression of phosphorylated myosin II regulatory light-chain (p-MLC) and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), and a decrease in phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (p-STAT)-5. This increase in p-MLC is suppressed by a Rho-kinase (ROCK)-specific inhibitor. Interestingly, the levels of the cytokine correlate with those of LPS in the circulation in three different categories of HIV infected patients (HAART-naïve and HAART-treated HIV-infected individuals, and Elite controls) as well as in healthy controls. Collectively, these results suggest that the HIV-induced IL-18 plays a role in increased intestinal permeability and microbial translocation observed in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Allam
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vikram Mehraj
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Cecile Tremblay
- CHUM/ Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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37
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Mak'Anyengo R, Duewell P, Reichl C, Hörth C, Lehr HA, Fischer S, Clavel T, Denk G, Hohenester S, Kobold S, Endres S, Schnurr M, Bauer C. Nlrp3-dependent IL-1β inhibits CD103+ dendritic cell differentiation in the gut. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with enhanced levels of the IL-1 family cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which are activated by the Nlrp3 inflammasome. Here, we investigated the role of inflammasome-driven cytokine release on T cell polarization and DC differentiation in steady state and T cell transfer colitis. In vitro and in vivo data showed that IL-1β induces Th17 polarization and increases GM‑CSF production by T cells. Reduced IL-1β levels in Nlrp3-/- mice correlated with enhanced FLT3L levels and increased frequency of tolerogenic CD103+ DC. In the T cell transfer colitis model, Nlrp3 deficiency resulted in lower IL‑1β levels, reduced Th17 immunity, and less severe colitis. Unaltered IL-18 levels in both mouse strains pointed toward Nlrp3-independent processing. Importantly, cohousing revealed that the gut microbiome had no impact on the observed Nlrp3-/- phenotype. This study demonstrates that NLRP3 acts as a molecular switch of intestinal homeostasis by shifting local immune cells toward an inflammatory phenotype via IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mak'Anyengo
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Duewell
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Reichl
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Hörth
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Anton Lehr
- Institute of Pathology, Medizin Campus Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerald Denk
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Schnurr
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Infectiology and Metabolism, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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38
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Epithelial Histone Deacetylase 3 Instructs Intestinal Immunity by Coordinating Local Lymphocyte Activation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1165-1175. [PMID: 28494866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are constantly in direct contact with diverse beneficial and pathogenic microbes, highlighting the need for orchestrating complex microbial signals to sustain effective host defense. Here, we show an essential role for intestinal epithelial cell expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in responding to pathogenic microbes and activating protective innate immunity. Mice lacking HDAC3 in intestinal epithelial cells were more susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium when under tonic stimulation by the commensal microbiota. This impaired host defense reflected significantly decreased IFNγ production by intraepithelial CD8+ T cells early during infection. Further, HDAC3 was necessary for infection-induced epithelial expression of the IFNγ-inducing factor IL-18, and administration of IL-18 restored IFNγ activity to resident CD8+ T cells and reduced infection. Thus, HDAC3 mediates communication between intestinal epithelial cells and resident lymphocytes, revealing that epithelial priming by an epigenetic modifier may direct mucosal regulation of host defense against pathogenic microbes.
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39
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NLRP6 Protects Il10 -/- Mice from Colitis by Limiting Colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila. Cell Rep 2018; 19:733-745. [PMID: 28445725 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in host immune responses and pathologic alterations in the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, can both contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear how specific changes in host immunity or the microbiota cause disease. We previously demonstrated that the loss of the innate immune receptor NLRP6 in mice resulted in impaired production of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and increased susceptibility to epithelial-induced injury. Here, we show that NLRP6 is important for suppressing the development of spontaneous colitis in the Il10-/- mice model of IBD and that NLRP6 deficiency results in the enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila. A. muciniphila was sufficient for promoting intestinal inflammation in both specific-pathogen-free and germ-free Il10-/- mice. Our results demonstrate that A. muciniphila can act as a pathobiont to promote colitis in a genetically susceptible host and that NLRP6 is a key regulator of its abundance.
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40
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Kanak MA, Shindo Y, SaiKumar P, Naziruddin B. Role of Inflammasomes in the Development of Gastrointestinal Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:235-268. [PMID: 30536174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have been attributed to chronic inflammation, and a few have identified the role of inflammasomes in their pathogenesis. Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes comprising of several intracellular proteins that link the sensing of microbial products and metabolic stress to the proteolytic activation of the proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have implicated activation of several families of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) which are major components of inflammasomes in the development and exacerbation of many diseases of human systems. In this chapter, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in some of the most prevalent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and highlight potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar A Kanak
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Inflammasome signalling is an emerging pillar of innate immunity and has a central role in the regulation of gastrointestinal health and disease. Activation of the inflammasome complex mediates both the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the execution of a form of inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. In most cases, these mediators of inflammation provide protection against bacterial, viral and protozoal infections. However, unchecked inflammasome activities perpetuate chronic inflammation, which underpins the molecular and pathophysiological basis of gastritis, IBD, upper and lower gastrointestinal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity. Studies have also highlighted an inflammasome signature in the maintenance of gut microbiota and gut-brain homeostasis. Harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of the inflammasome could transform clinical practice in the treatment of acute and chronic gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal diseases. This Review presents an overview of inflammasome biology in gastrointestinal health and disease and describes the value of experimental and pharmacological intervention in the treatment of inflammasome-associated clinical manifestations.
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42
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Abstract
A general consensus exists that IBD is associated with compositional and metabolic changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). However, a direct causal relationship between dysbiosis and IBD has not been definitively established in humans. Findings from animal models have revealed diverse and context-specific roles of the gut microbiota in health and disease, ranging from protective to pro-inflammatory actions. Moreover, evidence from these experimental models suggest that although gut bacteria often drive immune activation, chronic inflammation in turn shapes the gut microbiota and contributes to dysbiosis. The purpose of this Review is to summarize current associations between IBD and dysbiosis, describe the role of the gut microbiota in the context of specific animal models of colitis, and discuss the potential role of microbiota-focused interventions in the treatment of human IBD. Ultimately, more studies will be needed to define host-microbial relationships relevant to human disease and amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Ni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 914 BRB II/III, Philadeplhia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 914 BRB II/III, Philadeplhia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lindsey Albenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vesselin T Tomov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 914 BRB II/III, Philadeplhia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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43
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Lei-Leston AC, Murphy AG, Maloy KJ. Epithelial Cell Inflammasomes in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1168. [PMID: 28979266 PMCID: PMC5611393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), sense conserved microbial signatures, and host danger signals leading to the coordination of appropriate immune responses. Upon activation, a subset of NLR initiate the assembly of a multimeric protein complex known as the inflammasome, which processes pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediates a specialized form of cell death known as pyroptosis. The identification of inflammasome-associated genes as inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility genes implicates a role for the inflammasome in intestinal inflammation. Despite the fact that the functional importance of inflammasomes within immune cells has been well established, the contribution of inflammasome expression in non-hematopoietic cells remains comparatively understudied. Given that intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) act as a barrier between the host and the intestinal microbiota, inflammasome expression by these cells is likely important for intestinal immune homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammasome plays a key role in shaping epithelial responses at the host-lumen interface with many inflammasome components highly expressed by IEC. Recent studies have exposed functional roles of IEC inflammasomes in mucosal immune defense, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we present the main features of the predominant inflammasomes and their effector mechanisms contributing to intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. We also discuss existing controversies in the field and open questions related to their implications in disease. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of intestinal inflammasome signaling could hold therapeutic potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Lei-Leston
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison G Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Maloy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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44
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Marks E, Naudin C, Nolan G, Goggins BJ, Burns G, Mateer SW, Latimore JK, Minahan K, Plank M, Foster PS, Callister R, Veysey M, Walker MM, Talley NJ, Radford-Smith G, Keely S. Regulation of IL-12p40 by HIF controls Th1/Th17 responses to prevent mucosal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1224-1236. [PMID: 28120851 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory lesions are inherently hypoxic, due to increased metabolic demands created by cellular infiltration and proliferation, and reduced oxygen supply due to vascular damage. Hypoxia stabilizes the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF) leading to a coordinated induction of endogenously protective pathways. We identified IL12B as a HIF-regulated gene and aimed to define how the HIF-IL-12p40 axis influenced intestinal inflammation. Intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were characterized in wild-type and IL-12p40-/- murine colitis treated with vehicle or HIF-stabilizing prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (PHDi). IL12B promoter analysis was performed to examine hypoxia-responsive elements. Immunoblot analysis of murine and human LPL supernatants was performed to characterize the HIF/IL-12p40 signaling axis. We observed selective induction of IL-12p40 following PHDi-treatment, concurrent with suppression of Th1 and Th17 responses in murine colitis models. In the absence of IL-12p40, PHDi-treatment was ineffective. Analysis of the IL12B promoter identified canonical HIF-binding sites. HIF stabilization in LPLs resulted in production of IL-12p40 homodimer which was protective against colitis. The selective induction of IL-12p40 by HIF-1α leads to a suppression of mucosal Th1 and Th17 responses. This HIF-IL12p40 axis may represent an endogenously protective mechanism to limit the progression of chronic inflammation, shifting from pro-inflammatory IL-12p70 to an antagonistic IL-12p40 homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marks
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Naudin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Nolan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B J Goggins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Burns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S W Mateer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J K Latimore
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Minahan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Plank
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P S Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Veysey
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M M Walker
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N J Talley
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Radford-Smith
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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45
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Initial gut microbiota structure affects sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 61:762-769. [PMID: 28842897 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. Our work suggests that, in studies using mouse models, the gut microbiota must be considered when examining mechanisms of diseases, to ensure that comparable results are obtained.
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46
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Lin C, Zhang J. Inflammasomes in Inflammation-Induced Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:271. [PMID: 28360909 PMCID: PMC5350111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is an important multiprotein complex that functions during inflammatory immune responses. The activation of inflammasome will lead to the autoactivation of caspase-1 and subsequent cleavage of proIL-1β and proIL-18, which are key sources of inflammatory manifestations. Recently, the roles of inflammasomes in cancers have been extensively explored, especially in inflammation-induced cancers. In different and specific contexts, inflammasomes exhibit distinct and even contrasting effects in cancer development. In some cases, inflammasomes initiate carcinogenesis through the extrinsic pathway and maintain the malignant cancer microenvironment through the intrinsic pathway. On the contrary, inflammasomes also exert anticancer effects by specialized programmed cell death called pyroptosis and immune regulatory functions. The phases and compartments in which inflammasomes are activated strongly influence the final immune effects. We systemically summarize the functions of inflammasomes in inflammation-induced cancers, especially in gastrointestinal and skin cancers. Besides, information about the current therapeutic use of inflammasome-related products and potential future developing directions are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
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47
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Pedrotti LP, Sena AA, Rodriguez Galán MC, Cejas H, Correa SG. Intestinal mononuclear cells primed by systemic interleukin-12 display long-term ability to aggravate colitis in mice. Immunology 2017; 150:290-300. [PMID: 27891587 PMCID: PMC5290244 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To address whether the burst of systemic interleukin-12 (IL-12) influences intestinal inflammation elicited by luminal stimuli, we induced IL-12 release by cDNA injection in C57BL/6 mice and simultaneously started dextran sulphate sodium administration. The sequence of the inflammatory response triggered by IL-12 release was characterized by assessing myeloperoxidase activity and histological damage in colon samples on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after colitis induction. To evaluate the persistence of IL-12 priming, colitis was induced in mice 7 or 60 days after cDNA injection. Under IL-12 influence, the development of acute colitis presented a faster and selective infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. Recruitment was driven by systemic cytokines rather than luminal antigens. Interestingly, when colitis was triggered 7 or 60 days after the cytokine storm, cells maintained the ability to worsen clinical signs of intestinal inflammation. Together, a systemic IL-12 burst effectively primed intestinal cells that became more prone to develop inflammatory responses. Activation was long-lasting because intestinal cells maintained their inflammatory potential and their ability to aggravate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano P. Pedrotti
- ImmunologyDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry‐CIBICI (CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Angela A. Sena
- ImmunologyDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry‐CIBICI (CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - María Cecilia Rodriguez Galán
- ImmunologyDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry‐CIBICI (CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Hugo Cejas
- ImmunologyDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry‐CIBICI (CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Silvia G. Correa
- ImmunologyDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry‐CIBICI (CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
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48
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Abstract
Inflammation affects all stages of tumorigenesis. A key signaling pathway leading to acute and chronic inflammation is through activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome. Inflammasome complexes are assembled on activation of certain nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLR), AIM2-like receptors, or pyrin. Of these, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6, and AIM2 influence the pathogenesis of cancer by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death, proliferation, and/or the gut microbiota. Activation of the inflammasome and IL18 signaling pathways is largely protective in colitis-associated colorectal cancer, whereas excessive inflammation driven by the inflammasome or the IL1 signaling pathways promotes breast cancer, fibrosarcoma, gastric carcinoma, and lung metastasis in a context-dependent manner. The clinical relevance of inflammasomes in multiple forms of cancer highlights their therapeutic promise as molecular targets. In this review, we explore the crossroads between inflammasomes and the development of various tumors and discuss possible therapeutic values in targeting the inflammasome for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(2); 94-99. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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49
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Diamanti MA, Gupta J, Bennecke M, De Oliveira T, Ramakrishnan M, Braczynski AK, Richter B, Beli P, Hu Y, Saleh M, Mittelbronn M, Dikic I, Greten FR. IKKα controls ATG16L1 degradation to prevent ER stress during inflammation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:423-437. [PMID: 28082356 PMCID: PMC5294863 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the IκB kinase complex (IKK) has been implicated in the therapy of several chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. In this study, using mice with an inactivatable IKKα kinase (IkkαAA/AA), we show that loss of IKKα function markedly impairs epithelial regeneration in a model of acute colitis. Mechanistically, this is caused by compromised secretion of cytoprotective IL-18 from IKKα-mutant intestinal epithelial cells because of elevated caspase 12 activation during an enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR). Induction of the UPR is linked to decreased ATG16L1 stabilization in IkkαAA/AA mice. We demonstrate that both TNF-R and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain stimulation promote ATG16L1 stabilization via IKKα-dependent phosphorylation of ATG16L1 at Ser278. Thus, we propose IKKα as a central mediator sensing both cytokine and microbial stimulation to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby assuring antiinflammatory function during acute intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela A Diamanti
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jalaj Gupta
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moritz Bennecke
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mallika Ramakrishnan
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne K Braczynski
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Richter
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University School of Medicine, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yinling Hu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University School of Medicine, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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50
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Inflammasomes in the Gut Mucosal Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:133-151. [PMID: 28921468 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are critical checkpoints in inflammation. The activation of inflammasome can cause a series of inflammatory responses including maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and a specialized form of cell death called pyroptosis. Since its identification in the early 2000s, inflammasomes have been implicated to play multifaceted roles in varied pathological and physiological conditions, especially in the mucosal compartments including the gut. Maintaining gut mucosal homeostasis has always been a remarkable challenge for the host due to both the vast mucosal surface that is exposed to the outside and the enormous amount of local microbiota. To accomplish this challenge, the host mounts a constant dynamic low-grade inflammatory response (physiological inflammation) in coping with insults of microbes in the intestine. This book chapter aims to summarize the current knowledge of how inflammasomes contribute to gut mucosal homeostasis.
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