1
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Bowles EF, Burleigh M, Mira A, Van Breda SGJ, Weitzberg E, Rosier BT. Nitrate: "the source makes the poison". Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-27. [PMID: 39213282 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2395488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Interest in the role of dietary nitrate in human health and disease has grown exponentially in recent years. However, consensus is yet to be reached as to whether consuming nitrate from various food sources is beneficial or harmful to health. Global authorities continue to recommend an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of nitrate of 3.7 mg/kg-bw/day due to concerns over its carcinogenicity. This is despite evidence showing that nitrate consumption from vegetable sources, exceeding the ADI, is associated with decreased cancer prevalence and improvements in cardiovascular, oral, metabolic and neurocognitive health. This review examines the paradox between dietary nitrate and health and disease and highlights the key role of the dietary source and food matrix in moderating this interaction. We present mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support the notion that consuming vegetable-derived nitrate promotes a beneficial increase in nitric oxide generation and limits toxic N-nitroso compound formation seen with high intakes of nitrate added during food processing or present in contaminated water. We demonstrate the need for a more pragmatic approach to nitrate-related nutritional research and guidelines. Ultimately, we provide an overview of our knowledge in this field to facilitate the various therapeutic applications of dietary nitrate, whilst maintaining population safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Bowles
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - A Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - S G J Van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Ruiz-Saavedra S, Pietilä TK, Zapico A, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Pajari AM, González S. Dietary Nitrosamines from Processed Meat Intake as Drivers of the Fecal Excretion of Nitrosocompounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17588-17598. [PMID: 39072357 PMCID: PMC11311235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Diet is one of the main exogenous sources of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines (NAs) along with tobacco and cosmetics. Several factors can affect endogenous N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) formation and therefore the potential damage of the intestinal mucosa at initial colorectal cancer stages. To address this issue, 49 volunteers were recruited and classified according to histopathological analyses. Lifestyle and dietary information were registered after colonoscopy. The mutagenicity of fecal supernatants was assayed by a modified Ames test. Fecal heme-derived NOCs and total NOC concentrations were determined by selective denitrosation and chemiluminescence-based detection. Results revealed processed meats as the main source of dietary nitrites and NAs, identifying some of them as predictors of the fecal concentration of heme-derived and total NOCs. Furthermore, increased fecal NOC concentrations were found as the severity of colonic mucosal damage increased from the control to the adenocarcinoma group, these concentrations being strongly correlated with the intake of the NAs N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, and N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Higher fecal NOC concentrations were also noted in higher fecal mutagenicity samples. These results could contribute to a better understanding of the importance of modulating dietary derived xenobiotics as related with their impact on the intestinal environment and colonic mucosa damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department
of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Diet,
Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de
Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Aida Zapico
- Department
of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Diet,
Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de
Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department
of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Diet,
Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de
Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia González
- Department
of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Diet,
Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de
Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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3
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Pethe A, Joshi S, Ali Dar T, Poddar NK. Revisiting the role of phospholipases in alzheimer's: crosstalk with processed food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39002140 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2377290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipases such as phospholipase-A, phospholipase-B, phospholipase-C and phospholipase-D are important functional enzymes of the cell membrane responsible for a variety of functions such as signal transduction, production of lipid mediators, metabolite digestion and playing a pathological role in central nervous system diseases. Phospholipases have shown an association with Alzheimer's disease and these enzymes have found a correlation with several metabolic pathways that can lead to the activation of inflammatory signals via astrocytes and microglial cells. We also highlighted unhealthy practices like smoking and consuming processed foods, rich in nitroso compounds and phosphatidic acid, which contribute to neuronal damage in AD through phospholipases. A few therapeutic approaches such as the use of inhibitors of phospholipase-D,phospholipase A2 as well as autophagy-mediated inhibition have been discussed to control the onset of AD. This paper serves as a crosstalk between phospholipases and their role in neurodegenerative pathways as well as their influence on other biomolecules of lipid membranes, which are acquired through unhealthy diets and possible methods to treat these anomalies occurring due to their metabolic disorder involving phospholipases acting as major signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharv Pethe
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Siddhi Joshi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Saha B, A T R, Adhikary S, Banerjee A, Radhakrishnan AK, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Exploring the Relationship Between Diet, Lifestyle and Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development: A Recent Update. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:789-814. [PMID: 39207359 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2367266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment modalities, its prevalence continues to rise, notably among younger populations. Unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary routines, and obesity have been identified as one of the key contributors to the development of colorectal cancer, apart from genetic and epigenetic modifications. Recognizing the profound impact of diet and lifestyle on the intricate gut microbiota ecosystem offers a promising avenue for understanding CRC development and its treatment. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by imbalances favoring harmful microbes over beneficial ones, has emerged as a defining feature of CRC. Changes in diet and lifestyle can profoundly alter the composition of gut microbes and the metabolites they produce, potentially contributing to CRC onset. Focusing on recent evidence, this review discussed various dietary factors, such as high consumption of red and processed meats and low fiber intake, and lifestyle factors, including obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, that influence the gut microbiome composition and elevate CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Saha
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Rithi A T
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Subhamay Adhikary
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
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5
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Ma S, Liao W, Chen Y, Gan L. Prognostic value and potential function of a novel heme-related LncRNAs signature in gastric cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111152. [PMID: 38548123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Heme is a coordination complex formed by the binding of iron ions and porphyrin rings. Its metabolic processes are associated with various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been identified as key regulatory factors in GC. However, the role of LncRNAs associated with heme metabolism in GC and their relationship with prognosis have not been reported. In this study, we constructed a novel LncRNAs signature related to heme metabolism (HMlncSig) and validated its prognostic value for predicting the survival of GC patients through training, test, and entire cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients in the high-risk group had shorter survival times. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HMlncSig was an independent prognostic indicator for GC patients, regardless of other clinical pathological features. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis pathways showed that the activation of these markers may be involved in tumor progression, influencing the survival of GC patients. The nomogram, based on HMlncSig score and clinical features, demonstrated the strong predictive ability of this signature. Additionally, significant differences were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups in terms of immune cell subtypes, expression of immune checkpoint genes, and response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Through clinical validation, we found that the risk score and heme levels of GC patients were both significantly elevated and correlated with the degree of malignancy. Furthermore, we found that AP000692.1, a key gene in this signature, promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. In conclusion, our HMlncSig model has significant predictive value for the prognosis of GC patients and can provide clinical guidance for personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, 408000 Chongqing, China
| | - Yinhao Chen
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, 408000 Chongqing, China.
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6
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Singhabahu R, Kodagoda Gamage SM, Gopalan V. Pathological significance of heme oxygenase-1 as a potential tumor promoter in heme-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2024; 2:65-73. [PMID: 38601482 PMCID: PMC11002664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The significance of the heme-metabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully explored. HMOX1 cytoprotection is imperative to limit oxidative stress. However, its roles in preventing carcinogenesis in response to high levels of heme are not thoroughly understood. This study reviews various mechanisms associated with the paradoxical role of HMOX1, which is advantageous for tumor growth, refractoriness, and survival of cancer cells amid oxidative stress in heme-induced CRC. The alternate role of HMOX1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis through immune modulation and angiogenesis. Inhibiting HMOX1 has been found to reverse tumor promotion. Thus, HMOX1 acts as a conditional tumor promoter in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachitha Singhabahu
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Sujani M. Kodagoda Gamage
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina 4226, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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7
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Han W, Li C, Wang Y, Huo B, Li W, Shi W. Heme Metabolism-Related Gene TENT5C is a Prognostic Marker and Investigating Its Immunological Role in Colon Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:1127-1143. [PMID: 38152411 PMCID: PMC10752234 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s433790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a strong correlation between consuming high amounts of heme and an elevated risk of developing various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. However, the role of heme metabolism-related genes (HRGs) in colorectal cancer remains unclear. Our study aimed to identify prognostic markers for colorectal cancer patients based on these genes. Methods The heme metabolism score was assessed using gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Potential prognostic HRGs were identified from the TCGA-COAD dataset using LASSO and COX regression analyses. The expression level of TENT5C was validated in the GEO database and clinical samples. To explore the association between TENT5C expression and immune cell infiltrations, we performed ESTIMATE and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Results The low level of heme metabolism score was associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. TENT5C is a prognostic gene and an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival. Its expression was confirmed in multiple datasets and clinical samples, showing a positive correlation with immune cells and immune score. GSEA results suggested TENT5C's significant role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TENT5C can be used as a biomarker in colorectal cancer. Additionally, TENT5C is associated with both prognosis and immune infiltration. These findings lay a strong groundwork for future research to delve into the specific role of TENT5C in the development and advancement of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binliang Huo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Lee C, Lee J, Eor JY, Kwak MJ, Huh CS, Kim Y. Effect of Consumption of Animal Products on the Gut Microbiome Composition and Gut Health. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:723-750. [PMID: 37701742 PMCID: PMC10493557 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is critical in human health, and various dietary factors influence its composition and function. Among these factors, animal products, such as meat, dairy, and eggs, represent crucial sources of essential nutrients for the gut microbiome. However, the correlation and characteristics of livestock consumption with the gut microbiome remain poorly understood. This review aimed to delineate the distinct effects of meat, dairy, and egg products on gut microbiome composition and function. Based on the previous reports, the impact of red meat, white meat, and processed meat consumption on the gut microbiome differs from that of milk, yogurt, cheese, or egg products. In particular, we have focused on animal-originated proteins, a significant nutrient in each livestock product, and revealed that the major proteins in each food elicit diverse effects on the gut microbiome. Collectively, this review highlights the need for further insights into the interactions and mechanisms underlying the impact of animal products on the gut microbiome. A deeper understanding of these interactions would be beneficial in elucidating the development of dietary interventions to prevent and treat diseases linked to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of
Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junbeom Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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9
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12928. [PMID: 37629109 PMCID: PMC10454416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for all organisms and cells. Diseases of iron imbalance affect billions of patients, including those with iron overload and other forms of iron toxicity. Excess iron load is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and can cause serious organ damage and fatalities following chronic red blood cell transfusions in patients of many conditions, including hemoglobinopathies, myelodyspasia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Similar toxicity of excess body iron load but at a slower rate of disease progression is found in idiopathic haemochromatosis patients. Excess iron deposition in different regions of the brain with suspected toxicity has been identified by MRI T2* and similar methods in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Based on its role as the major biological catalyst of free radical reactions and the Fenton reaction, iron has also been implicated in all diseases associated with free radical pathology and tissue damage. Furthermore, the recent discovery of ferroptosis, which is a cell death program based on free radical generation by iron and cell membrane lipid oxidation, sparked thousands of investigations and the association of iron with cardiac, kidney, liver, and many other diseases, including cancer and infections. The toxicity implications of iron in a labile, non-protein bound form and its complexes with dietary molecules such as vitamin C and drugs such as doxorubicin and other xenobiotic molecules in relation to carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity are also discussed. In each case and form of iron toxicity, the mechanistic insights, diagnostic criteria, and molecular interactions are essential for the design of new and effective therapeutic interventions and of future targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, this approach has been successful for the treatment of most iron loading conditions and especially for the transition of thalassemia from a fatal to a chronic disease due to new therapeutic protocols resulting in the complete elimination of iron overload and of iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3, Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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10
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Lai S, Yan Y, Pu Y, Lin S, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Keller MI, Wang M, Bork P, Chen WH, Zheng Y, Zhao XM. Enterotypes of the human gut mycobiome. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:179. [PMID: 37563687 PMCID: PMC10416509 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal component of the human gut microbiome, also known as the mycobiome, plays a vital role in intestinal ecology and human health. However, the overall structure of the gut mycobiome as well as the inter-individual variations in fungal composition remains largely unknown. In this study, we collected a total of 3363 fungal sequencing samples from 16 cohorts across three continents, including 572 newly profiled samples from China. RESULTS We identify and characterize four mycobiome enterotypes using ITS profiling of 3363 samples from 16 cohorts. These enterotypes exhibit stability across populations and geographical locations and significant correlation with bacterial enterotypes. Particularly, we notice that fungal enterotypes have a strong age preference, where the enterotype dominated by Candida (i.e., Can_type enterotype) is enriched in the elderly population and confers an increased risk of multiple diseases associated with a compromised intestinal barrier. In addition, bidirectional mediation analysis reveals that the fungi-contributed aerobic respiration pathway associated with the Can_type enterotype might mediate the association between the compromised intestinal barrier and aging. CONCLUSIONS We show that the human gut mycobiome has stable compositional patterns across individuals and significantly correlates with multiple host factors, such as diseases and host age. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senying Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchun Lin
- The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marisa Isabell Keller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai, China.
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11
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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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12
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Tehami W, Nani A, Khan NA, Hichami A. New Insights Into the Anticancer Effects of p-Coumaric Acid: Focus on Colorectal Cancer. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258221150704. [PMID: 36636631 PMCID: PMC9830577 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221150704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered the second most deadly cancer in the world. Studies have indicated that diet can prevent the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in polyphenols due to their plausible effect on cancer prevention and treatment. p-Coumaric acid (p-CouA), a phenolic compound, is a cinnamic acid derivative found in several fruits, vegetables, and herbs. A growing body of evidence suggests that p-CouA may be an effective agent for preventing and managing colorectal cancer. In this current review, we briefly highlight the bioavailability of p-CouA. We also provide an up-to-date overview of molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects, focusing on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle blockade. Finally, we discuss the impact of p-CouA on clonogenicity and multidrug resistance of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafâa Tehami
- Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, University of Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria,Wafâa Tehami, University of Ahmed Draia, National Road N 6, Adrar 01000, Algeria.
| | - Abdelhafid Nani
- Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, University of Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria
| | - Naim A. Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, Dijon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, Dijon, France
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13
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Saeed M, Shoaib A, Kandimalla R, Javed S, Almatroudi A, Gupta R, Aqil F. Microbe-based therapies for colorectal cancer: Advantages and limitations. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:652-665. [PMID: 34020027 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death in both men and women. Colorectal cancer (CRC) alone accounts for ∼10 % of total new global cases and poses an over 4% lifetime risk of developing cancer. Recent advancements in the field of biotechnology and microbiology concocted novel microbe-based therapies to treat various cancers, including CRC. Microbes have been explored for human use since centuries, especially for the treatment of various ailments. The utility of microbes in cancer therapeutics is widely explored, and various bacteria, fungi, and viruses are currently in use for the development of cancer therapeutics. The human gut hosts about 100 trillion microbes that release their metabolites in active, inactive, or dead conditions. Microbial secondary metabolites, proteins, immunotoxins, and enzymes are used to target cancer cells to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and death. Various approaches, such as dietary interventions, the use of prebiotics and probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation have been used to modulate the gut microbiota in order to prevent or treat CRC pathogenesis. The present review highlights the role of the gut microbiota in CRC precipitation, the potential mechanisms and use of microorganisms as CRC biomarkers, and strategies to modulate microbiota for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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14
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Masdor NA, Mohammed Nawi A, Hod R, Wong Z, Makpol S, Chin SF. The Link between Food Environment and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193954. [PMID: 36235610 PMCID: PMC9573320 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and diet are critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Food environments (FEs) can contribute to disease risk, including CRC. This review investigated the link between FEs and CRC incidence and mortality risk. The systematic search of studies utilised three primary journal databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Retrieved citations were screened and the data were extracted from articles related to the FE-exposed populations who were at risk for CRC and death. We evaluated ecological studies and cohort studies with quality assessment and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies, respectively. A descriptive synthesis of the included studies was performed. Out of 89 articles identified, eight were eligible for the final review. The included studies comprised six ecological studies and two cohort studies published from 2013 to 2021. Six articles were from the US, one was from Africa, and one was from Switzerland. All eight studies were of good quality. The significant finding was that CRC incidence was associated with the availability of specific foods such as red meat, meat, animal fats, energy from animal sources, and an unhealthy FE. Increased CRC mortality was linked with the availability of animal fat, red meat, alcoholic beverages, and calorie food availability, residence in food deserts, and lower FE index. There were a variety of associations between CRC and the FE. The availability of specific foods, unhealthy FE, and food desserts impact CRC incidence and mortality. Creating a healthy FE in the future will require focus and thorough planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azreen Masdor
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zhiqin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Siok-Fong Chin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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15
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Park MB. Effect of red meat, vegetable, tobacco, and alcohol consumption on national cancer mortality index: Data from 1989 to 2013 in 37 developed countries. Front Nutr 2022; 9:929553. [PMID: 35845764 PMCID: PMC9277575 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between red meat (RM) and death from all types of cancer, as well as its association with the incidence of colon cancer in developed countries. We selected RM, vegetable, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status as the dependent variables' risk factors and performed ordinary least squares (OLS) and a fixed-effect model (FEM) analysis. Data from 1989 to 2013 for 37 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. According to the FEM, cancer death had statistically significant associations with education level (Coef = -0.022, P = 0.009), total health expenditure (Coef = -0.049, P = 0.000), aging rate (Coef = -0.178, P = 0.000), tobacco consumption (Coef = 0.096, P = 0.000), RM consumption (Coef = 0.107, P = 0.000), and vegetable consumption (Coef = -0.034, P = 0.000). A similar trend was also observed in the 3 and 5-year lagged models. RM consumption also demonstrated a significantly positive association with the incidence of colon cancer in the OLS. According to the scatter plots and fitted lines based on the recommended allowance RM consumption, cancer deaths and incidence of colon cancer increased as consumption increased in the excess consumption group. Regarding vegetable consumption, cancer deaths and incidence of colon cancer decreased as consumption increased in the group exceeding the recommended allowance level. RM consumption was found to be higher than the recommended allowance level. RM consumption increased cancer deaths and the incidence of colon cancer. There is justification for public health interventions to limit RM consumption in major developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Bae Park
- Department of Health and Welfare, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, South Korea
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16
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Nouri-Majd S, Salari-Moghaddam A, Aminianfar A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Association Between Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:801722. [PMID: 35198587 PMCID: PMC8859108 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.801722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Debate on the potential carcinogenic effects of meat intake is open and the relationship between meat consumption and risk of prostate cancer remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize earlier prospective studies on the association of meat consumption with risk of prostate cancer. Methods Relevant studies were identified by exploring PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases up to December 2020. Fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses were used for pooling the relative risks (RRs). Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using the Q-statistic and I-square (I2). A funnel plot and Egger's test was used to detect publication bias. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were performed to estimate the dose-response relations between meat intake and risk of prostate cancer. Results Twenty-five prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. Totally, 1,900,910 participants with 35,326 incident cases of prostate cancer were investigated. Pooling the eligible effect sizes, we observed that high consumption of processed meat might be associated with an increased risk of “total prostate cancer” (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10; I2 = 1.5%, P = 0.43) and “advanced prostate cancer” (1.17; 1.09, 1.26; I2 = 58.8%, P = 0.01). However, the association between processed meat and “advanced prostate cancer” was not significant in the random-effects model: 1.12 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.29). A linear dose-response analysis indicated that an increment of 50 grams per day of processed meat intake might be related to a 4% greater risk of “total prostate cancer” (1.04; 1.00, 1.08; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.51). “Total meat intake” was marginally associated with all outcomes of prostate cancer risk (1.04; 1.01, 1.07; I2 = 58.4%, P < 0.001). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies indicated that increased consumption of “total meat” and “processed meat” might be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=230824, identifier: CRD42021230824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Nouri-Majd
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
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17
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Chronic diseases are first associated with the degradation and artificialization of food matrices rather than with food composition: calorie quality matters more than calorie quantity. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2239-2253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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LI J, JIA J, XIE B, PAN C, ZHANG C, LI L, WANG H, LI H, MA J. Long-term results of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for colorectal cancer in Huaihe River Basin of China. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.54721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing LI
- Bengbu Medical College, China
| | | | - Bo XIE
- Bengbu Medical College, China
| | | | | | - Lei LI
- Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Hu WANG
- Bengbu Medical College, China
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19
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Sharif R, Mohammad NMA, Jia Xin Y, Abdul Hamid NH, Shahar S, Ali RAR. Dietary Risk Factors and Odds of Colorectal Adenoma in Malaysia: A Case Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2757-2768. [PMID: 34965818 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2022167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in colorectal cancer risk but there are only a few studies that investigated their relationship with colorectal adenomas (CRA), the precursors for colorectal cancer. A case-control study was conducted to determine the relationship between dietary and lifestyle factors associated with CRA risk among 125 subjects with CRA and 150 subjects without CRA at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM (HCTM), Malaysia. We used dietary history questionnaire (DHQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) to estimate the diet and physical activity. The findings of this study showed that male gender [OR = 2.71 (95% CI= 1.01-7.27)], smoking [OR = 6.39 (95% CI= 1.04-39.30)], family history of cancer [OR = 6.39 (95% CI= 1.04-39.30)], high body fat percentage [OR = 1.25 (95% CI= 1.04-1.51)], high calorie and fat intake [OR = 1.03 (95% CI= 1.01-1.06)], [OR = 1.01 (95% CI= 0.95-1.09)] and red meat intake more than 100 g per day [OR = 1.02 (95% CI= 1.01-1.04)] increased CRA risk. High fiber [OR = 0.78 (95% CI= 0.64-0.95)] and calcium intake [OR = 0.78 (95% CI= 0.98-1.00)] was found to decrease CRA risk. Some of these modifiable risk factors could be advocated as lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razinah Sharif
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Nutrition Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahirah Amani Mohammad
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yau Jia Xin
- Nutrition Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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O'Connor LE, Wambogo EA, Herrick KA, Parsons R, Reedy J. A Standardized Assessment of Processed Red Meat and Processed Poultry Intake in the US Population Aged ≥2 Years Using NHANES. J Nutr 2021; 152:190-199. [PMID: 34718661 PMCID: PMC8754567 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardized methods are needed to investigate intake patterns of processed meat subtypes, considering health concerns surrounding processed meat intake. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to create a standardized method of disaggregating processed meat into processed red meat and processed poultry and describe intake patterns of the US population aged ≥2 y. METHODS Two researchers independently manually disaggregated processed meat from the Food Patterns Equivalents Database into processed red meat and processed poultry based on available information from the Foods and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. We created an SAS program (called Processed Meat Categories) to mimic the manual coding. We used the program to describe intake patterns and trends over time of processed red meat and processed poultry using 24-h recalls from 2007-2008 through 2017-2018 NHANES data with SAS survey-weighted procedures for complex surveys. RESULTS The SAS program had high agreement with the manual code (Pearson concordance correlation ≥0.95). Of the US population aged ≥2 y, 46.8% (95% CI: 45.3, 48.2%) reported consuming any processed meat, 42.5% (95% CI: 41.0, 43.9%) reported consuming processed red meat, and 11.3% (95% CI: 10.2, 12.4%) reported consuming processed poultry. Most [74.1 ± 0.13% (SEM)] processed meat reported was red meat compared with poultry, and 32.1 ± 0.01% of total red meat and 13.7 ± 0.01% of total poultry reported were processed. Prevalence of processed poultry intake increased from 9.5% (95% CI: 8.9, 10.1%) in 2007-2010 to 11.3% (95% CI: 10.2, 12.4%) in 2015-2018 (P < 0.0001), but mean intake amount did not change. Prevalence of processed red meat intake did not change over time, but mean intake decreased from 0.8 ± 0.03 ounce-equivalents in 2007-2010 to 0.7 ± 0.02 ounce-equivalents (P = 0.0058) in 2015-2018. CONCLUSIONS The Processed Meat Categories SAS program is a tool available for researchers to standardize estimates of processed meat subtypes for future dietary patterns research. Intake of total processed meat did not change in the United States, but intake amount of processed red meat decreased and the prevalence of processed poultry consumers increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwina A Wambogo
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Parsons
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill Reedy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Slywitch E, Savalli C, Duarte ACG, Escrivão MAMS. Iron Deficiency in Vegetarian and Omnivorous Individuals: Analysis of 1340 Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:2964. [PMID: 34578841 PMCID: PMC8468774 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of ferritin and the prevalence of iron deficiency in vegan and omnivorous individuals by taking into account the presence of elements that cause an elevation of ferritin levels, such as increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values. The parameters were evaluated in 1340 individuals, i.e., 422 men and 225 women who do not menstruate and 693 women who do menstruate, based on omnivorous or vegetarian eating habits. The progressive increase in BMI, HOMA-IR, and inflammation caused an elevation in ferritin concentration, regardless of the eating habits in the groups studied. In the overall sample, omnivores had a higher prevalence of obesity, higher ferritin levels, and a lower prevalence of iron deficiency (ferritin < 30 ng/mL). However, after the exclusion of individuals with inflammation (with overweight/obesity and elevated hs-CRP levels), the actual iron deficiency was assessed and was not higher among vegetarians, except in women with regular menstrual cycles. Our data show that nutritional status and inflammation levels affect ferritin levels and may interfere with the correct diagnosis of iron deficiency in both vegetarian and omnivorous individuals. Compared to vegetarians, women who do not menstruate and men had the same prevalence of iron deficiency when following an omnivorous diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Slywitch
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Carine Savalli
- Department of Public Policy and Public Health, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
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22
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Vernia F, Longo S, Stefanelli G, Viscido A, Latella G. Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010143. [PMID: 33401525 PMCID: PMC7824178 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer, responsible for 9% of cancer-related deaths, is favored by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The modification of diet and lifestyle may modify the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevent neoplasia in up to 50% of cases. The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of fat, red meat and processed meat has emerged as an important contributor. Conversely, a high intake of dietary fiber partially counteracts the unfavorable effects of meat through multiple mechanisms, including reduced intestinal transit time and dilution of carcinogenic compounds. Providing antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and leading to increased intraluminal production of protective fermentation products, like butyrate, represent other beneficial and useful effects of a fiber-rich diet. Protective effects on the risk of developing colorectal cancer have been also advocated for some specific micronutrients like vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. Diet-induced modifications of the gut microbiota modulate colonic epithelial cell homeostasis and carcinogenesis. This can have, under different conditions, opposite effects on the risk of CRC, through the production of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents or, conversely, of protective compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on the role of diet as a potential risk factor for the development of colorectal malignancies, as well as providing possible prevention dietary strategies.
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23
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Hosseini F, Majdi M, Naghshi S, Sheikhhossein F, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Nitrate-nitrite exposure through drinking water and diet and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3073-3081. [PMID: 33298332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable controversy exists regarding the association between nitrate intake and risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we performed a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge until April 2020 and references of retrieved relevant articles. The random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect size (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Fifteen prospective cohort and case-control papers were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. In total, 2,573,524 participants with an age range between 20 and 85 years were included. The total number of colorectal cancer cases was 38,848. Intake of nitrate from diet was associated with a risk of colorectal cancer (Pooled HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.23, I2 = 38%; P = 0.08). Nitrite in diet was not significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer (pooled HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.95-1.21, I2 = 61.6%; P = 0.005). Nitrate in water did not show an association with risk of colorectal cancer (pooled HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.92-1.19, I2 = 64.7%; P = 0.002). Non-linear dose-response analysis revealed no significant association of dietary nitrite and also nitrate of drinking water with risk of colorectal cancer. However, dietary nitrate was marginally associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer. Linear dose-response analysis of nitrate from diet was not associated with colorectal cancer risk by an additional 50 mg per day. Such a non-significant association was also seen for colorectal cancer risk by an additional 1 mg per day and 1 mg/l from dietary nitrite and water nitrate respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary nitrate was related to a higher risk of colorectal cancer risk. However, intake of nitrite from diet and nitrate from the drinking water was not associated with colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Nucci D, Fatigoni C, Amerio A, Odone A, Gianfredi V. Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6686. [PMID: 32937855 PMCID: PMC7559491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. On average, depression first appears during the late teens to mid-20s as result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between red and processed meat intake and depression (both incident and prevalent). This systematic review was conducted according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant papers published through March 2020 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3 software. A critical appraisal was conducted. Finally, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect size (ES) of depression for red and processed meat intake was 1.08 [(95% CI = 1.04; 1.12), p-value < 0.001], based on 241,738 participants. The results from our meta-analysis showed a significant association between red and processed meat intake and risk of depression. The presented synthesis will be useful for health professionals and policy makers to better consider the effect of diet on mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anna Odone
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jawhara M, Sørensen SB, Heitmann BL, Halldórsson ÞI, Pedersen AK, Andersen V. The Relation between Red Meat and Whole-Grain Intake and the Colonic Mucosal Barrier: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061765. [PMID: 32545531 PMCID: PMC7353246 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Colonic Mucosal Barrier (CMB) is the site of interaction between the human body and the colonic microbiota. The mucus is the outer part of the CMB and is considered as the front-line defense of the colon. It separates the host epithelial lining from the colonic content, and it has previously been linked to health and diseases. In this study, we assessed the relationship between red meat and whole-grain intake and (1) the thickness of the colonic mucus (2) the expression of the predominant mucin gene in the human colon (MUC2). Patients referred to colonoscopy at the University Hospital of Southern Denmark- Sonderjylland were enrolled between June 2017 and December 2018, and lifestyle data was collected in a cross-sectional study design. Colonic biopsies, blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected. The colonic mucus and bacteria were visualized by immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. We found a thinner mucus was associated with high red meat intake. Similarly, the results suggested a thinner mucus was associated with high whole-grain intake, albeit to a lesser extent than red meat. This is the first study assessing the association between red meat and whole-grain intake and the colonic mucus in humans. This study is approved by the Danish Ethics Committee (S-20160124) and the Danish Data Protecting Agency (2008-58-035). A study protocol was registered at clinical trials.gov under NCT04235348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Jawhara
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Institute of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark- Sonderjylland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (V.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Sonderjylland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-7997-0000
| | - Signe Bek Sørensen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Institute of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark- Sonderjylland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (V.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Þórhallur Ingi Halldórsson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kristian Pedersen
- Lærings- og Forskningshuset, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sonderjylland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark;
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Institute of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark- Sonderjylland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (V.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Jutland, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Wang D, Zhu X, Tang X, Li H, Yizhen X, Chen D. Auxiliary antitumor effects of fungal proteins from Hericium erinaceus by target on the gut microbiota. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1872-1890. [PMID: 32460371 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents a major disease burden worldwide. Despite continuous advances obtained in medical therapies recently, resistance to standard drugs and adverse effects still represent important causes of therapeutic failure. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota can affect the response to chemo- and immunotherapeutic drugs by modulating efficacy and/or toxicity, and diet is the most important factor affecting the gut microbiota. In this study, we assessed the auxiliary antitumor effects of immunomodulatory fungal proteins from Hericium erinaceus (HEP) administered with the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), and we attempted to identify new potential prebiotic bacteria for auxiliary antitumor treatment. There were 1,455 proteins identified from H. erinaceus. In a xenografted mouse model of cancer, HEP with 5-Fu significantly suppressed tumor growth, inhibited inflammatory markers such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and regulated the expression of Akt, CCDN1, CKD4, FOXM1, MMP7, MYC, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that HEP ameliorated the dysbacteriosis induced by 5-Fu, as it inhibited certain aerobic and microaerobic bacteria including Parabacteroides, Flavobacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Anoxybacillus, Aggregatibacter, Comamonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Aerococcaceae, and Bilophila in the xenografted mice, and increase some probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Gemellales, Blautia, Sutterella, Anaerostipes, Roseburia, Lachnobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Desulfovibrio. This demonstrates that HEP could promote the antitumor efficacy of 5-Fu by improving the microbiota composition, the immune inflammatory response, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.,Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Xiaocui Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Xie Yizhen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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Mattiuzzi C, Lippi G. Epidemiologic Burden of Red and Processed Meat Intake on Colorectal Cancer Mortality. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:562-567. [PMID: 32400201 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1765259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A clear epidemiologic association has been reported between intake of red processed meat and colorectal cancer. Therefore, an electronic search was performed in Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) registry, using the keywords "diet high in red meat", "diet high in processed meat", "colon and rectum cancer" and "death". According to this search, red and processed meat intake accounts for 1.77% and 1.18% worldwide colorectal cancer mortality, respectively. The death risk attributable to consumption of red meat linearly increased during the past decade (r = 0.99; p < 0.001), whilst that of processed meat exhibited linear decline (r= -0.97; p < 0.001). The risk of colorectal cancer death for both types of meat is higher in men than in women. Colorectal cancer mortality for red meat is mostly clustered in people <75 years, whilst that attributable to processed meat increases with ageing. A positive relationship can be observed between consumption of both meats and socio-demographic index (SDI). The risk of colorectal cancer deaths attributable to red meat is independently associated with male sex, higher SDI and younger age, whilst that of processed meat is independently associated with higher SDI and older age. Reinforced efforts shall be prioritized for broadening recommendations on decreasing red and processed meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services, Trento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Fiorito V, Chiabrando D, Petrillo S, Bertino F, Tolosano E. The Multifaceted Role of Heme in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1540. [PMID: 32010627 PMCID: PMC6974621 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing porphyrin, is of vital importance for cells due to its involvement in several biological processes, including oxygen transport, energy production and drug metabolism. Besides these vital functions, heme also bears toxic properties and, therefore, the amount of heme inside the cells must be tightly regulated. Similarly, heme intake from dietary sources is strictly controlled to meet body requirements. The multifaceted nature of heme renders it a best candidate molecule exploited/controlled by tumor cells in order to modulate their energetic metabolism, to interact with the microenvironment and to sustain proliferation and survival. The present review summarizes the literature on heme and cancer, emphasizing the importance to consider heme as a prominent player in different aspects of tumor onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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29
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Brown TP, Ganapathy V. Lactate/GPR81 signaling and proton motive force in cancer: Role in angiogenesis, immune escape, nutrition, and Warburg phenomenon. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107451. [PMID: 31836453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of biochemical pathways is a hallmark of cancer cells, and generation of lactic acid from glucose/glutamine represents one of the consequences of such metabolic alterations. Cancer cells export lactic acid out to prevent intracellular acidification, not only increasing lactate levels but also creating an acidic pH in extracellular milieu. Lactate and protons in tumor microenvironment are not innocuous bystander metabolites but have special roles in promoting tumor-cell proliferation and growth. Lactate functions as a signaling molecule by serving as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR81, involving both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the autocrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on cancer cells; in the paracrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes present in tumor stroma. The end result of GPR81 activation is promotion of angiogenesis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. The acidic pH creates an inwardly directed proton gradient across the cancer-cell plasma membrane, which provides driving force for proton-coupled transporters in cancer cells to enhance supply of selective nutrients. There are several molecular targets in the pathways involved in the generation of lactic acid by cancer cells and its role in tumor promotion for potential development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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30
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Intake of red and processed meat on the incidence of cancer: Are the risks really relevant? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Pompili S, Sferra R, Gaudio E, Viscido A, Frieri G, Vetuschi A, Latella G. Can Nrf2 Modulate the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis and Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4061. [PMID: 31434263 PMCID: PMC6720292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main mechanisms carried out by the cells to counteract several forms of stress is the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. Nrf2 signaling controls the expression of many genes through the binding of a specific cis-acting element known as the antioxidant response element (ARE). Activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling can mitigate several pathologic mechanisms associated with an autoimmune response, digestive and metabolic disorders, as well as respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 pathway plays a key role in inflammation and in cancer development in many organs, including the intestine. Nrf2 appears to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an immune-mediated chronic and disabling disease, with a high risk of developing intestinal fibrotic strictures and cancer. Currently, drugs able to increase cytoprotective Nrf2 function are in clinical trials or already being used in clinical practice to reduce the progression of some degenerative conditions. The role of Nrf2 in cancer development and progression is controversial, and drugs able to inhibit abnormal levels of Nrf2 are also under investigation. The goal of this review is to analyze and discuss Nrf2-dependent signals in the initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis and cancers occurring in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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32
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A Reasonable Diet Promotes Balance of Intestinal Microbiota: Prevention of Precolorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3405278. [PMID: 31428633 PMCID: PMC6683831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3405278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer includes genetics, age, chronic inflammation, and lifestyle. Increasing attention has recently been paid to dietary factors. Evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical research suggests that high-fibre diets can significantly reduce the incidence of CRC, whilst the consumption of high-fat diets, high-protein diets, red meat, and processed meat is high-risk factors for tumorigenesis. Fibre is a regulator of intestinal microflora and metabolism and is thus a key dietary component for maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal microbes are closely linked to CRC, with the growth of certain microbiota (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, or Bacteroides fragilis) favouring carcinogenesis, whilst the dominant microbiota population of the intestine, such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, have multiple mechanisms of antitumour activity. Various dietary components have direct effects on the types of intestinal microflora: in the Western diet mode (high-fat, high-protein, and red meat), the proportion of conditional pathogens in the intestinal flora increases, the proportion of commensal bacteria decreases, and the occurrence of colorectal cancer is promoted. Conversely, a high-fibre diet can increase the abundance of Firmicutes and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides and consequently increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestine, inhibiting the development of CRC. This article reviews the study of the relationship between diet, intestinal microbes, and the promotion or inhibition of CRC and analyses the relevant molecular mechanisms to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Ashktorab H, Soleimani A, Singh G, Amin A, Tabtabaei S, Latella G, Stein U, Akhondzadeh S, Solanki N, Gondré-Lewis MC, Habtezion A, Brim H. Saffron: The Golden Spice with Therapeutic Properties on Digestive Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050943. [PMID: 31027364 PMCID: PMC6567082 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron is a natural compound that has been used for centuries in many parts of the world as a food colorant and additive. It was shown to have the ability to mitigate various disorders through its known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of saffron in the treatment of various chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases, Alzheimer's, rheumatoid arthritis as well as common malignancies of the colon, stomach, lung, breast, and skin. Modern day drugs generally have unwanted side effects, which led to the current trend to use naturally occurring products with therapeutic properties. In the present review, the objective is to systematically analyze the wealth of information regarding the potential mechanisms of action and the medical use of saffron, the "golden spice", especially in digestive diseases. We summarized saffron influence on microbiome, molecular pathways, and inflammation in gastric, colon, liver cancers, and associated inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Akbar Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Gulshan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE.
| | - Solmaz Tabtabaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran.
| | - Naimesh Solanki
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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