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Chakraborty M, Mandal B, Saha S, Ray M. Optimizing zinc fertilization technology in wheat for its sustainable production and improved human nutrition. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2089-2098. [PMID: 35260049 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in soil is a serious constraint affecting the yield and nutritional quality of wheat and, in turn, human health. Zn fertilization for enhancing its density in grains is a prominent technological solution for the problem. Accordingly, the present study (pot experiment) was undertaken to (i) assess the impacts of different Zn fertilization technologies on yield, concentrations of Zn, phytic acid (PA), iron (Fe) and also the bioavailability of Zn in grains and (ii) determine the optimised Zn fertilization technology that balances all the above attributes. To achieve this, six Zn fertilization technologies, namely, soil fertilization alone, combined soil and foliar fertilization at maximum tillering, jointing, flowering, dough stages and also foliar fertilization alone were tested and compared with control (no Zn) in forty different soil series representing two distinct soil orders, Inceptisols and Alfisols. Results showed that relative effectiveness of different Zn fertilization technologies varied for the crop attributes studied. Soil + foliar fertilization was superior in increasing grain yield (10-13% over the control). Moreover, for an optimum balance among all the tested attributes including bioavailability of Zn to human, foliar Zn fertilization at later crop growth stage (i.e. dough) combined with soil fertilization was the best. It was found that biofortified wheat grains obtained through Zn fertilization, on an average, could supply about 1.5 times more bioavailable Zn than the normal grains. Therefore, the outcomes of this study can provide a guideline for sustainable and quality wheat production, which will help address the malnutrition challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Chakraborty
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | | | - Susmit Saha
- College of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan Sadar, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ray
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Nidheesh PV, Murshid A, Chanikya P. Combination of electrochemically activated persulfate process and electro-coagulation for the treatment of municipal landfill leachate with low biodegradability. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139449. [PMID: 37437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
To handle complex wastewater with limited biodegradability, hybrid treatment systems are necessary. The current study represents the combined effectiveness of sulfate-radical associated electro-chemical advanced oxidation process (SR-EAOP) and electro-coagulation (EC) for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. For SR-EAOP, Pt/Ti was employed as the anode and an iron plate as the cathode; while EC treatment was performed by switching the polarity. Hence, both electrochemical treatment was carried out in single reactor. Initially, the effects of pH, applied voltage, persulfate and Fe2+ dosage, on the performance of SR-EAOP was examined. Sulfate radical was generated in the electrolytic system via cathodic reduction of persulfate (PS) and ferrous (Fe2+) ion activation. Auxiliary processes such as anodic oxidation via Pt/Ti anode and indirect electro-chemical oxidation were also contributed for pollutant degradation. Combined process SR-EAOP followed by EC (SR-EAOP + EC) has better leachate treatment efficacy in comparison with EC + SR-EAOPs. The SR-EAOP + EC based combined treatment mechanism achieved an efficient COD reduction of 88.67% than that of EC + SR - EAOP process (74.51% COD reduction). Characterization studies have been carried out for post-treated dried-sludge using Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The combined process treatment (SR-EAOP + EC) can be applied as pre-treatment for leachate decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - A Murshid
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - P Chanikya
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India
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Yazici Guvenc S, Varank G, Can-Güven E, Ercan H, Yaman D, Saricam E, Türk OK. Application of the hybrid electrocoagulation–electrooxidation process for the degradation of contaminants in acidified biodiesel wastewater. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nidheesh PV, Khan FM, Kadier A, Akansha J, Bote ME, Mousazadeh M. Removal of nutrients and other emerging inorganic contaminants from water and wastewater by electrocoagulation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135756. [PMID: 35917977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continual discharge of emerging inorganic pollutants into natural aquatic systems and their negative effects on the environment have motivated the researchers to explore and develop clean and efficient water treatment strategies. Electrocoagulation (EC) is a rapid and promising pollutant removal approach that does not require any chemical additives or complicated process management. Therefore, inorganic pollutant treatment via the EC process is considered one of the most feasible processes. The potential developments of EC process may make the process a wise choice for water treatment in the future. Thus, the present study mainly focuses on the use of EC technology to remove nutrients and other emerging inorganic pollutants from water medium. The operating factors that influence EC process efficiency are explained. The major advancement of the EC technique as well as field-implemented units are also discussed. Overall, this study mainly focuses on emerging issues, present advancements, and techno-economic considerations in EC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
| | - Farhan M Khan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - J Akansha
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Milad Mousazadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Asaithambi P, Yesuf MB, Govindarajan R, Hariharan NM, Thangavelu P, Alemayehu E. Distillery industrial wastewater(DIW) treatment by the combination of sono(US), photo(UV) and electrocoagulation(EC) process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115926. [PMID: 35940007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The color and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction in distillery industrial effluent (DIW) was investigated utilizing photo (UV), sono (US), electrocoagulation (EC), UV + US, UV + EC, US + EC, and US + UV + EC technologies. The empirical study demonstrated that the UV + US + EC process removed almost 100% of color and 95.63% of COD from DIW while consuming around 6.97 kWh m-3 of electrical energy at the current density of 0.175 A dm-2, COD of 3600 mg L-1, UV power of 32 W, US power of 100 W, electrode pairings of Fe/Fe, inter-electrode distance of 0.75 cm, pH of 7, and reaction time of 4 h, respectively. The values found were much greater than those produced using UV, US, EC, UV + US, UV + EC, and US + EC methods. The influence of various control variables such as treatment time (1-5 h), current density (0.075-2.0 A dm-2), COD (1800-6000 mg L-1), inter-electrode distance (0.75-3.0 cm), electrode pairings (Fe/Fe, Fe/Al, Al/Fe, Al/Al), UV (8-32 W), and US (20-100 W) on the color and COD reduction were investigated to determine the optimum operating conditions. It was observed that, an increase in treatment time, current density, UV and US power, decrease in the COD, and inter-electrode distance with Fe/Fe electrode combination improved the COD removal efficiency. The UV and US + EC processes' synergy index was investigated and reported. The results showed that, the US + UV + EC treatment combination was effective in treating industrial effluent and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Asaithambi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Po Box - 378, Ethiopia.
| | - Mamuye Busier Yesuf
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Po Box - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Rajendran Govindarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Padur, Chennai, 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - N M Hariharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perarasu Thangavelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esayas Alemayehu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Po Box - 378, Ethiopia; Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Po Box-1176, Ethiopia
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Recent Applications of the Electrocoagulation Process on Agro-Based Industrial Wastewater: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14041985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Agro-based final discharge is one of the major contributors to wastewater in the world. It creates high demand for efficient treatment. The electrocoagulation process can be used for agro-based wastewater treatment. The performance of the electrocoagulation process is based on several parameters, including the electrode materials, electrolysis time, current density, and electrolyte support. Agro-based industrial wastewater (AIW) treatment processes depend on the characteristics of the wastewater. The removal of organic content from various sources of AIW can reach up to more than 80%. Some studies show that the performance of the electrochemical process can be increased using a combination with other methods. Those other methods include biological and physical treatment. The results of previous research show that organic content and color can be degraded completely. The relationship between the energy consumption and operating cost was analyzed in order to show the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment.
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Akarsu C, Bilici Z, Dizge N. Treatment of vegetable oil wastewater by a conventional activated sludge process coupled with electrocoagulation process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10692. [PMID: 35187750 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to study chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil-grease, and color removal from vegetable oil wastewater by combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. For this purpose, the sample was pretreated using electrocoagulation by various optimization parameters such as electrode type (Al-Al and Fe-Fe), current density (100-400 A/m2 ), pH (2-8), and electrolysis time (15-180 min). The results showed that 89.3% of COD, 100% of oil-grease, and 66.2% of color were removed by electrocoagulation under the conditions of 300-A/m2 current density, pH 2, and 180-min reaction time with Al-Al electrode pairs. Then, the effluent of electrocoagulation was treated by an activated sludge process. The results depicted that the activated sludge process was also effective for vegetable oil wastewater treatment and it enhanced 98.9% COD and 79.2% color removal efficiency. The effluent of the combined process was very clear, and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard of the water pollution control regulation. The laboratory-scale test results indicate that the combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge process is feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Vegetable oil wastewater was treated by combination of electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. The combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes supplied 99.9% COD, 100% oil-grease, and 93.0% color removal efficiency. The laboratory-scale test results indicate that the combined EC-SBR processes were feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bilici
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Metali Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Akansha J, Nidheesh PV, Gopinath A, Anupama KV, Suresh Kumar M. Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by combined aerated electrocoagulation and phytoremediation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126652. [PMID: 32272308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As dairy industries has been emerged as one of the most rapidly developing industry in both small as well as large scale, the volume of effluent generated is also very high. In the present study, aerated electrocoagulation combined with phytoremediation treatment was conducted in dairy industry wastewater. Electrocoagulation was performed with aluminium and iron electrodes and effect of various operating parameters such as electrode combination, pH, and voltage were tested. Electrocoagulation was found effective at neutral pH and its efficiency increased with increase in applied voltage. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 86.4% was obtained in case of Al-Fe electrode combination with aeration at 120 min reaction time, initial pH 7, voltage 5 V. Significant growth of Canna indica was observed in electrocoagulation treated wastewater compared to raw dairy wastewater. COD removal of 97% was achieved when combined electrocoagulation and phytoremediation process was used. Thus, it proves to be a proficient method for the treatment of dairy industry wastewater. In addition to the above, bacterial toxicity tests were performed to investigate the toxic nature of wastewater and the results showed that both treated and untreated wastewater favoured bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Akansha
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ashitha Gopinath
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - K V Anupama
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Syam Babu D, Nidheesh PV. A review on electrochemical treatment of arsenic from aqueous medium. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1715956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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