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Yang L, Tian Y, Wang Y. Noisy condition and three-point shot performance in skilled basketball players: the limited effect of self-talk. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 5:1304911. [PMID: 38269132 PMCID: PMC10806114 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1304911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern basketball, the three-point shot plays an important tactical role. Basketball players often face the distraction from audience and opponents, necessitating psychological skill to maintain their performance. The study examined the effects of self-talk interventions on the three-point shot performance under quiet and noisy conditions. It involved 42 national second-level basketball players and used a 2 (Condition: quiet condition, noisy condition) × 3 (Intervention: control group, motivational self-talk, instructional self-talk) mixed design to investigate the performance of the static and dynamic three-point shots tasks. The results revealed that the static three-point shot score was significantly lower in noisy condition compared to quiet condition (p = 0.016), while the main effect of Intervention and the interaction effect of Condition × Intervention were not significant. Post-hoc analysis indicated that only the control group showed significantly lower scores in the noisy condition (p = 0.043). For the dynamic three-point shots performance, there were no significant main effects of Intervention or Condition, nor any significant interaction effect between Condition and Intervention. In conclusion, noise distraction negatively affects the static three-point shots task, and although self-talk interventions can mitigate such negative effects, their effectiveness is limited for dynamic three-point shots task with high physical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Tsinghua University High School, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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2
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Brini S, Ardigò LP, Clemente FM, Raya-González J, Kurtz JA, Casazza GA, Castagna C, Bouassida A, Nobari H. Increased game frequency period crossing Ramadan intermittent fasting decreases fat mass, sleep duration, and recovery in male professional basketball players. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16507. [PMID: 38077421 PMCID: PMC10702331 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased basketball game frequency may affect athlete performances, especially during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The objective of the present investigation was to assess the impacts of increased game frequency periods crossing the RIF on body composition, sleep habits, indices of well-being, recovery state, and dietary intake in professional male basketball players. Methods Twenty-eight professional basketball players participated in this study and were divided into increased-games-frequency (INCR) or normal-games-frequency (NORM) groups. INCR trained four times and completed two games per week, whereas NORM completed only one game per week. During the first and fourth weeks of RIF, the following variables were assessed: internal load (weekly session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), heartrate (HR)), dietary intake, body composition, sleep quality (PSQI survey), well-being indices questionnaire (sleep, fatigue, stress, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)), and recovery state with the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) questionnaire. Results The internal load significantly increased after 4 weeks of RIF in INCR compared to NORM (p < 0.001). Significant decrease of TQR, sleep duration, and a significant increase of DOMS only for INCR (26.93%, p < 0.001, ES = 0.48, small; 33.83%, p < 0.001, ES = 0.40, small; 161.17%, p < 0.001, ES = 0.32, small; respectively). Significant group × time interaction was observed for body mass (p = 0.006, ES = 0.46, small) and body fat percentage (p = 0.025, ES = 0.33, small), with INCR having a greater decrease in all these values. Conclusion Increased game frequency period crossing RIF decreases fat mass, sleep duration, and recovery in professional basketball players, which may consequently affect performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifeddine Brini
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Jennifer A. Kurtz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carlo Castagna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
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Souabni M, Hammouda O, Souabni MJ, Romdhani M, Driss T. 40-min nap opportunity attenuates heart rate and perceived exertion and improves physical specific abilities in elite basketball players. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:859-872. [PMID: 35470727 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2064221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a 40-min nap opportunity on physiological responses and specific abilities was investigated. Twelve high-level professional basketball players (26.33±5.2 years; 193.17±7.1 m; 87.48±11.2 kg) undertook randomly 40-min nap opportunity (NAP) and control condition (CON). Wellness (Hooper Index) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were measured before and after both conditions. Defensive (DA) and offensive (OA) agility and upper body power (UBP) were assessed after both conditions. Shooting skill (SST) performance was evaluated prior and after a fatiguing task (FT). Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during SST-test, FT and SST-retest. ESS, Hooper's stress and fatigue score were significantly lower after nap compared to those before nap (0.009 ≤ p ≤ 0.03). Better performance was obtained in NAP compared to CON condition for DA, OA and UBP (0.0005 ≤ p ≤ 0.02). SST performance was significantly higher in NAP compared to CON in the retest session (p = 0.003, Δ = 20.2%). The improved performance was associated with significant lower HRpeak (p = 0.01, Δ = 5.25%) and RPE (p = 0.003, Δ = 15.12%). In conclusion, NAP reduced sleepiness and stress and fatigue and enhances physical outcomes of specific skills in elite basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Souabni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (Linp2), Upl, Ufr Staps (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (Linp2), Upl, Ufr Staps (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi J Souabni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (Linp2), Upl, Ufr Staps (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical activity, Sport and health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (Linp2), Upl, Ufr Staps (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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Migliaccio GM, Di Filippo G, Russo L, Orgiana T, Ardigò LP, Casal MZ, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Padulo J. Effects of Mental Fatigue on Reaction Time in Sportsmen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114360. [PMID: 36361239 PMCID: PMC9656150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Mental fatigue (MF) has been defined as a psychobiological state commonly caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. However, the differences between women and men in their reaction times (RTs) to visual stimuli due to mental fatigue remain largely unknown. We compare the differences in RT and heart rate after an acute intervention of mental fatigue between male and female athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this aim, 64 participants (age 31.7 ± 6.2 y) performed a routine of 15 min of the Stroop test (PsyTool), with 600 tasks and five different colors. Their heart rate (HR) was registered before, during, and one, three, and five minutes after the Stroop test. Meanwhile, the RT was evaluated before and after the Stroop test. A general linear mixed model (GLMM) and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the HR between the conditions and an ANOVA two-way analysis was used to compare the values pre-/post-Stroop test. (α = 0.05). RESULTS The GLMM for HR showed an effect on the time (p < 0.001) and the time × group interaction (p = 0.004). The RT was significantly increased pre- to post-Stroop test (p < 0.05); however, there was no difference between the pre- and post-HR measurements (p = 1.000) and the measurements one (p = 0.559), three (p = 1.000) and five (p = 1.000) min after the Stroop test. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that the parasympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system which functions as a relaxation system tends to be activated under increasing mental fatigue, with a decreased performance (RT) similarly in men and women. Therefore, athletes could use MF induced during training to improve the time delay related to motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Di Filippo
- Department of Psychology, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Telematica degli Studi IUL, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Linstows Gate 3, 0166 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, via Felice Casorati 43, 37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Marcela Zimmermann Casal
- LaBiodin Biodynamics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil
| | | | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Schmitzhaus VM, Oliveira WG, Almeida MBD. High-intensity effort impairs basketball free-throw shooting efficiency. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pakosz P, Domaszewski P, Konieczny M, Bączkowicz D. Muscle activation time and free-throw effectiveness in basketball. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7489. [PMID: 33820920 PMCID: PMC8021567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to analyze the relationship between free-throw efficiency and the time of arm muscle activation in players from 3 basketball teams with different levels of experience was investigated. During the experiment each player made 20 free throws during which the activation time of his right and left biceps and triceps brachii muscles were measured with the use of surface electromyography and high-speed cameras. Significant differences in muscle activation time (t) during a free throw were found between the groups of basketball players (p = 0.038) (novices: t = 0.664 ± 0.225 s, intermediate-level players: t = 1.15 ± 0.146 s, experts: t = 1.01 ± 0.388 s). In the right triceps brachii muscle in expert basketball players the coefficient of variation (CV) amounted to 44.60% at 81% efficiency, and in novices to 27.12% at 53% efficiency. The time of arm muscle activation during a free throw and its fluctuations vary along with the training experience of basketball players. In all studied groups of players, the variability of muscle activation time in accurate free throws is greater than in inaccurate free throws. Free-throw speed is irrelevant for free-throw efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pakosz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Domaszewski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Konieczny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Dawid Bączkowicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland
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Variation in Lower Limb Power and Three Point Shot Performance Following Repeated Sprints: One Vs. Five Changes of Direction in Male Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet 2021; 77:169-179. [PMID: 34168702 PMCID: PMC8008293 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated sprint ability (RSA) with five changes of direction was well admitted to replicate real basketball game situations, but the additional changes of direction may affect some fundamental skills and performances in basketball. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RSA with one vs. five changes of direction (IRSA5COD) on squat jump (SJ), five jump test (FJT) and three point shot (3PS) performances in male basketball players. Sixteen participants (23.4 ± 2.3 years; 1.86 ± 0.10 m; 77.8 ± 7.7 kg) randomly performed eight testing sessions consisting of either RSA (10 repetitions of (15 m + 15 m)) or IRSA5COD (10 repetitions of (5 m + 5 m + 5 m + 5 m + 5 m + 5 m)) performed alone or immediately followed by the SJ, FJT or 3PS. The heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were continuously recorded, while blood lactate concentration was measured post-tests. Differences between RSA and IRSA5COD were evaluated by a Student t-test for paired samples, while analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with repeated measures assessed differences in SJ, FJT and 3PS performance between baseline, post-RSA and post-IRSA5COD. A significantly poorer FJT performance post-RSA was shown compared to baseline (7.47 ± 0.47 vs.7.54 ± 0.47 m, p = 0.01) and post-IRSA 5COD (7.47 ± 0.47 vs. 7.56 ± 0.49%, p = 0.048). Significantly lower 3PS accuracy was also observed post-IRSA 5COD compared to baseline (41.3 ± 3.1 vs.53.1 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003) and post-RSA (41.3 ± 3.1 vs. 48.1 ± 3.7%, p = 0.033). These results suggest that jump performance required for crucial actions such as lay-ups is negatively affected by longer sprints (15-m) with few changes of direction, while 3PS accuracy is impaired by shorter sprints with many changes of direction. These situations should be replicated when training these particular abilities to optimize training adaptations.
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8
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Phatak A, Mujumdar U, Rein R, Wunderlich F, Garnica M, Memmert D. Better with each throw—a study on calibration and warm-up decrement of real-time consecutive basketball free throws in elite NBA athletes. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-020-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCalibration and warm-up decrement seem to influence performance in sensorimotor skills that are repeatedly performed in succession. Current evidence suggests that error rates are greatest for the first of multiple attempts when performing the same sensorimotor task repeatedly. The aim of the present study is, therefore, to study the calibration effect in sets multiple free throws for National Basketball Association (NBA) players by analyzing single, double and triple sets of free throws and their success rates for each of the respective attempts. We hypothesized that the success rate of subsequent free throws is greater compared to immediately preceding throws. To this end, data from the NBA seasons between 2006 and 2016 totaling 610,049 shots and 1098 players were obtained. For a set of double free throws, the success rate of the second throw was greater compared to the first throw. For triple free throws the success rate increased with each successive throw. The results demonstrate differences between consecutive throwing percentages. In conclusion, the current study supports previous findings in darts that calibration effects may explain the underlying increases in performance during repetitive execution of complex sensorimotor skills. Therefore, the present study extends the previous findings to full body movements involving many biomechanical degrees of freedom.
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Mancha-Triguero D, García-Rubio J, Antúnez A, Ibáñez SJ. Physical and Physiological Profiles of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacities in Young Basketball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041409. [PMID: 32098230 PMCID: PMC7068281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in the analysis of the physical fitness of athletes are based on subjecting the athlete to requirements similar to those found in competition. Regarding physical fitness, a thorough study of the capacities that affect the development of team sports in different ages and gender is required since the demands are not equivalent. The objective of this paper was to characterize the physical-physiological demands of athletes in an aerobic and anaerobic test specific to basketball players, as well as the evolution of the variables according to age and gender. The research was carried out in 149 players from different training categories (n = 103 male; n = 46 female). The athletes performed two field tests that evaluated both aerobic capacity and lactic anaerobic capacity. Each athlete was equipped with an inertial device during the tests. Sixteen variables (equal in both tests) were analyzed. Three of them evaluated technical-tactical aspects, four variables of objective internal load, six kinematic variables of objective external load (two related to distance and four related to accelerometry) and three neuromuscular variables of objective external load. The obtained results show significant differences in the variables analyzed according to the age and gender of the athletes. They are mainly due to factors related to the anthropometric maturation and development inherent in age and have an impact on the efficiency and technical and tactical requirements of the tests carried out and, therefore, on the obtained results in the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mancha-Triguero
- Grupo GOERD, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (S.J.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Grupo GOERD, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (S.J.I.)
| | - Antonio Antúnez
- Grupo GOERD, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Grupo GOERD, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (S.J.I.)
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Lam WK, Lee WCC, Ng SO, Zheng Y. Effects of foot orthoses on dynamic balance and basketball free-throw accuracy before and after physical fatigue. J Biomech 2019; 96:109338. [PMID: 31540824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While it is not uncommon for athletes to use foot orthoses to relieve pain and improve sports performance, little has been known about their effects on basketball performance. Free-throw basketball shooting is very important. However, fatigue deteriorates postural balance which might decrease free-throw shooting performance. This study investigated the effects of foot orthoses on dynamic balance and accuracy performance during free-throw shooting before and after physical fatigue was induced. Thirteen male recreational basketball players were tested with two foot orthoses (medial-arch support versus flat control) and fatigue conditions (before and after fatigue), when they performed standard free-throw shooting on a force platform. Results revealed that fatigue significantly increased coefficient of variance of medial-lateral center of pressure (CoP) excursion when participants worn flat control orthoses (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, foot orthoses improved dynamic balance during shooting as they significantly reduced total resultant and anterior-posterior sway excursions as well as resultant and anterior-posterior CoP velocities, and base of support area. Although this study found that fatigue and orthoses did not significantly affect the scores gained by free-throw shooting, the significant improvements in dynamic balance during shooting with the use of foot orthoses could have considerable impact on motor control during basketball shooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kai Lam
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, PR China; Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Winson Chiu-Chun Lee
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Siu-On Ng
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, PR China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, PR China.
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Ogawa M, Hoshino S, Fujiwara M, Nakata H. Relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and other performance variables among collegiate female players. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.8.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Ogawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University
| | - Satoko Hoshino
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University
| | - Motoko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University
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12
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The quiet eye is sensitive to exercise-induced physiological stress. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 240:35-52. [PMID: 30390839 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to explore attentional mechanisms underpinning visuomotor performance degradation following acute exercise. Ten experienced basketball players took free throws while wearing mobile eye tracking glasses, before and after performing a bout of cycling exercise. Shooting accuracy was measured using a 6-point scoring system, and quiet eye duration (the final fixation to a target) was adopted as an objective measure of top-down attentional control. Four intensities of exercise (based on an initial ramp test) were performed in a counterbalanced order: rest, moderate, heavy and severe. The four intensities resulted in participants reaching 52±4%, 58±4%, 76±6% and 86±5% of their heart rate max, respectively. Performance and quiet eye were only significantly impaired (19% and 45% drops, respectively) between pre- and post-intervention at the severe intensity workload level. Additionally, exercise-induced changes in quiet eye predicted 33% of the subsequent change in performance accuracy. The results suggest that attentional disruptions may at least partially explain why sporting skills break down under acute fatigue. Implications for training to mitigate against these impairments are discussed.
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Reduced Fatigue in Passive Versus Active Recovery: An Examination of Repeated-Change-of-Direction Sprints in Basketball Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:1034-1041. [PMID: 29466079 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the physiological and performance effects of active and passive recovery between repeated-change-of-direction sprints. METHODS Eight semiprofessional basketball players (age: 19.9 [1.5] y; stature: 183.0 [9.6] cm; body mass: 77.7 [16.9] kg; body fat: 11.8% [6.3%]; and peak oxygen consumption: 46.1 [7.6] mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 12 × 20-m repeated-change-of-direction sprints (Agility 5-0-5 tests) interspersed with 20 seconds of active (50% maximal aerobic speed) or passive recovery in a randomized crossover design. Physiological and perceptual measures included heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion. Change-of-direction speed was measured during each sprint using the change-of-direction deficit (CODD), with summed CODD time and CODD decrement calculated as performance measures. RESULTS Average heart rate (7.3 [6.4] beats·min-1; P = .010; effect size (ES) = 1.09; very likely) and oxygen consumption (4.4 [5.0] mL·kg-1·min-1; P = .12; ES = 0.77; unclear) were moderately greater with active recovery compared with passive recovery across sprints. Summed CODD time (0.87 [1.01] s; P = .07; ES = 0.76, moderate; likely) and CODD decrement (8.1% [3.7%]; P < .01; ES = 1.94, large; almost certainly) were higher with active compared with passive recovery. Trivial-small differences were evident for rating of perceived exertion (P = .516; ES = 0.19; unclear) and posttest blood lactate concentration (P = .29; ES = 0.40; unclear) between recovery modes. CONCLUSIONS Passive recovery between repeated-change-of-direction sprints may reduce the physiological stress and fatigue encountered compared with active recovery in basketball players.
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Padulo J, Nikolaidis PT, Cular D, Dello Iacono A, Vando S, Galasso M, Lo Storto D, Ardigò LP. The Effect of Heart Rate on Jump-Shot Accuracy of Adolescent Basketball Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1065. [PMID: 30123140 PMCID: PMC6085478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basketball is a team sport, where fundamental skills - fundamentals - are key determinants for success. Jump-shot (JS) is a basketball fundamental used frequently during game. It is interesting to spread light on the relationship between effort intensity and JS ability. Study aim was to investigate different heart rates (HRs) effect on JS accuracy (JS%) in 22 male youth (15.7 ± 0.9 years) players. Experimental sessions consisted of 10 JSs from five spots 5 m from basket at three different HRs: rest (0HR) and after warm-up (50% [50HR] and 80% maximal HR [80HR]). Analysis of variance showed differences in JS% over sessions (42.27 ± 14.78% at 0HR, 38.18 ± 10.53% at 50HR, and 30.00 ± 16.62% at 80HR; P = 0.018). Least significant difference test did not show any significant difference between 50HR and 0HR JS% (P = 0.343), while 80HR elicited significantly lower values with respect to both 0HR (P = 0.006) and 50HR (P = 0.049). Study provided practical indications on maintaining high JS%: preliminary warm-up (even if injury-protecting) does not improve JS%, because between 50HR and 0HR difference was not significant; and 80HR significantly decreases JS%. Therefore, to maximize JS scoring players have to rest as much as possible during game-play pauses, and coaches should manage timeouts and substitutions accordingly, especially during final minutes of close games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, Athens, Greece
| | - Drazen Cular
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Antonio Dello Iacono
- Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Stefano Vando
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Maria Galasso
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | | | - Luca P Ardigò
- Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Pojskic H, Sisic N, Separovic V, Sekulic D. Association Between Conditioning Capacities and Shooting Performance in Professional Basketball Players: An Analysis of Stationary and Dynamic Shooting Skills. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1981-1992. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Pérez‐Sánchez JM, Salmerón‐Gómez R, Ocaña‐Peinado FM. A Bayesian asymmetric logistic model of factors underlying team success in top‐level basketball in Spain. STAT NEERL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/stan.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José María Pérez‐Sánchez
- Campus Universitario de Tafira, s/n. Department of Applied Economic AnalysisUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas 35017 Spain
| | - Román Salmerón‐Gómez
- Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and BusinessUniversity of Granada Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Francisco M. Ocaña‐Peinado
- Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. Department of Statistics and Operation ResearchUniversity of Granada Granada 18071 Spain
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17
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Corrêa BDC, Pereira RDN, Lira AOD, Avila PES, Moreno MA, Normando VMF. Avaliação e classificação da capacidade física aeróbia de atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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18
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Zagatto AM, Ardigò LP, Barbieri FA, Milioni F, Dello Iacono A, Camargo BHF, Padulo J. Performance and Metabolic Demand of a New Repeated-Sprint Ability Test in Basketball Players: Does the Number of Changes of Direction Matter? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2438-2446. [PMID: 28211843 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zagatto, AM, Ardigò, LP, Barbieri, FA, Milioni, F, Dello Iacono, A, Camargo, BHF, and Padulo, J. Performance and metabolic demand of a new repeated-sprint ability test in basketball players: does the number of changes of direction matter? J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2438-2446, 2017-This study compared 2 repeated-sprint ability (RSA) tests in basketball players. Both tests included 10 × 30-m sprints, with the difference that the previously validated test (RSA2COD) featured 2 changes of direction (COD) per sprint, whereas the experimental test (RSA5COD) featured 5 CODs per sprint. Test performances and metabolic demands were specifically assessed in 20 basketball players. First, RSA5COD test-retest reliability was investigated. Then, RSA2COD, RSA5COD sprint times, peak speeds, oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) and posttest blood lactate concentration [La] were measured. The RSA5COD results showed to be reliable. RSA2COD performance resulted better than the RSA5COD version (p < 0.01), with shorter sprint times and higher peak speeds. Over sprints, the tests did not differ from each other in terms of V[Combining Dot Above]O2 (p > 0.05). Over whole bout, the RSA2COD was more demanding than the RSA5COD, considering overall metabolic power requirement (i.e., VO2-driven + [La]-driven components). Given that RSA5COD (a) mimics real game-play as sprint distance and action change frequency/direction and (b) has the same metabolic expenditure per task completion as metabolic cost, RSA5COD is a valuable option for players and coaches for training basketball-specific agility and assessing bioenergetic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro M Zagatto
- 1Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil; 2Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; 3Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; 4Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel; 5Bauru Basketball Team, Bauru, Brazil; 6University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy; and 7Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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19
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Ardigò LP, Kuvacic G, Iacono AD, Dascanio G, Padulo J. Effect of Heart rate on Basketball Three-Point Shot Accuracy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:75. [PMID: 29467676 PMCID: PMC5808225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-point shot (3S) is a fundamental basketball skill used frequently during a game, and is often a main determinant of the final result. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different metabolic conditions, in terms of heart rates, on 3S accuracy (3S%) in 24 male (Under 17) basketball players (age 16.3 ± 0.6 yrs). 3S performance was specifically investigated at different heart rates. All sessions consisted of 10 consecutive 3Ss from five different significant field spots just beyond the FIBA three-point line, i.e., about 7 m from the basket (two counter-clockwise “laps”) at different heart rates: rest (0HR), after warm-up (50%HRMAX [50HR]), and heart rate corresponding to 80% of its maximum value (80%HRMAX [80HR]). We found that 50HR does not significantly decrease 3S% (−15%, P = 0.255), while 80HR significantly does when compared to 0HR (−28%, P = 0.007). Given that 50HR does not decrease 3S% compared to 0HR, we believe that no preliminary warm-up is needed before entering a game in order to specifically achieve a high 3S%. Furthermore, 3S training should be performed in conditions of moderate-to-high fatigued state so that a high 3S% can be maintained during game-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca P Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Goran Kuvacic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Antonio D Iacono
- Wingate Institute, Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Netanya, Israel
| | - Giacomo Dascanio
- Associazione Dilettantistica Basket Club 7 Laghi Gazzada Schianno, Gazzada Schianno, Italy
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Sport Science, University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
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20
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Milioni F, Redkva PE, Barbieri FA, Zagatto AM. Six weeks of β-alanine supplementation did not enhance repeated-sprint ability or technical performances in young elite basketball players. Nutr Health 2017; 23:111-118. [PMID: 28349727 DOI: 10.1177/0260106017700436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with β-alanine plays an important role as a precursor of carnosine, the most effective intramuscular buffer, and has been seen as a potential ergogenic aid, especially for high-intensity modalities such as basketball. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of β-alanine supplementation on repeated sprint ability (RSA) and technical performances in young elite Brazilian basketball players. In total, 27 young basketball players (17±1 years) were randomized into a β-alanine group (Gβ - 6.4 g day-1 of β-alanine) and a placebo group (GP - 6.4 g day-1 of dextrose). Before and after the supplementation period the athletes performed a RSA test composed of ten 30 m sprints with two 180° changes of direction interspaced by 30 s of recovery. During the recovery period (i.e., after the sprints) the athletes performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a set of three free throws. After 48 h they performed a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Both groups increased the distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1 after the supplementation period ( p = 0.001). On the other hand, both groups presented impairment in RSA time-performance (total time, best time, and mean time, p ≤ 0.04), while no significant changes were observed for technical task performances (i.e., CMJ and free throws) ( p ≥ 0.07). No between-group interactions were observed for any variable measured ( p ≥ 0.31). Thus, 6 weeks of β-alanine supplementation did not improve RSA or technical performances in young elite basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Milioni
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Redkva
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M Zagatto
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
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21
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Dello Iacono A, Martone D, Zagatto AM, Meckel Y, Sindiani M, Milic M, Padulo J. Effect of contact and no-contact small-sided games on elite handball players. J Sports Sci 2016; 36:14-22. [PMID: 28035865 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1276296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of contact (C-SSG) and no-contact (NC-SSG) handball small-sided games (SSGs) on motion patterns and physiological responses of elite handball players. Twelve male handball players performed 10 C-SSG and 10 NC-SSG while being monitored through the heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) as physiological responses and time-motion activities profile using video-match analysis. Both game conditions resulted in similar HR responses (P > 0.05), but the NC-SSG led to a higher RPE scores. The time-motion activity analysis featured NC-SSG with a greater amount of walking (855.6 ± 25.1 vs. 690.6 ± 35.2 m) and backward movements (187.5 ± 12.3 vs. 142.5 ± 8.7 m) combined with fast running (232.3 ± 8.5 vs. 159.7 ± 5.7 m) and sprinting (79.5 ± 4.7 vs. 39.7 ± 3.7 m) activities (P < 0.001). Conversely, C-SSG had a higher percentage of jogging and sideway movements associated with greater frequency of jumping (0.87 ± 0.09 vs. 0.31 ± 0.06 nr) and physical contact (1.82 ± 0.55 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 nr) events (P < 0.001). No between-regimen differences were found for the number of throws (P = 0.745). In addition, the RPE was significantly correlated with fast running relative distances (r = 0.909, P < 0.001) and sprinting relative distances (r = 0.939, P < 0.001). In conclusion, this investigation showed that both C-SSG and NC-SSG in team handball can effectively represent specifically oriented exercises, according to the sport-task and the performance demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dello Iacono
- a Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , Wingate Institute , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Sport Science Department , Maccabi Tel Aviv FC , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Domenico Martone
- c Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness (DiSMEB) , University "Parthenope" , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- d São Paulo State Universitário (UNESP), School of Sciences , Department of Physical Educacional , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | - Yoav Meckel
- a Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , Wingate Institute , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Mahmood Sindiani
- a Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , Wingate Institute , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Mirjana Milic
- e Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- e Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Split , Split , Croatia.,f University eCampus , Novedrate , Italy
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22
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Padulo J, Ardigò LP, Attene G, Cava C, Wong DP, Chamari K, Migliaccio GM. The effect of slope on repeated sprint ability in young soccer players. Res Sports Med 2016; 24:320-330. [PMID: 27537203 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1222276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe a gradient repeated sprint ability (RSA) test in comparison with a standard level one by investigating performance, metabolic demand and muscular jumping performance as a proxy for running mechanics. Eighteen athletes performed two level RSA tests (40 m × 6) - for reliability evaluation - and one ±5% gradient RSA test, second leg downhill (RSAgrad). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration (BLa) concentration, vertical jump heights were assessed as well. Level test measures resulted highly reliable (Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥0.96). RSAgrad worsened only first sprints' performance (-2%) but not overall test performance (~45 s). RSAgrad resulted to be less deteriorating in terms of fatigue index (FI) (-36%), BLa (-23%), RPE (-11%), jumping performance (RSAgrad post-/pre-squat jump, countermovement jump heights (CMJh): -3%, -6%, respectively). RSAgrad could be used to diversify common training protocol without stressing excessively athletes' current metabolic-anaerobic capacity. Such physical conditioning procedures could improve acceleration/braking capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Padulo
- a University eCampus , Novedrate , Italy.,b Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization' , National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports , Tunis , Tunisia.,c Sardinia Committee , Italian National Olympic Committee, Sardinia Committee , Cagliari , Italy
| | - L P Ardigò
- d School of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - G Attene
- c Sardinia Committee , Italian National Olympic Committee, Sardinia Committee , Cagliari , Italy.,e School of Medicine and Surgery , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - C Cava
- c Sardinia Committee , Italian National Olympic Committee, Sardinia Committee , Cagliari , Italy
| | - D P Wong
- f Human Performance Laboratory , Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,g Sports & Recreation Research Centre , Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - K Chamari
- h Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Aspetar , Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar
| | - G M Migliaccio
- c Sardinia Committee , Italian National Olympic Committee, Sardinia Committee , Cagliari , Italy.,i Performance Research , Sport Science Lab Ltd , London , UK
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Calleja-González J, Terrados N, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Delextrat A, Jukic I, Vaquera A, Torres L, Schelling X, Stojanovic M, Ostojic SM. Evidence-based post-exercise recovery strategies in basketball. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2016; 44:74-8. [PMID: 26512912 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Basketball can be described as a moderate-to-long duration exercise including repeated bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with periods of low to moderate active recovery or passive rest. A match is characterized by repeated explosive activities, such as sprints, jumps, shuffles and rapid changes in direction. In top-level modern basketball, players are frequently required to play consecutive matches with limited time to recover. To ensure adequate recovery after any basketball activity (i.e., match or training), it is necessary to know the type of fatigue induced and, if possible, its underlying mechanisms. Despite limited scientific evidence to support their effectiveness in facilitating optimal recovery, certain recovery strategies are commonly utilized in basketball. It is particularly important to optimize recovery because players spend a much greater proportion of their time recovering than they do in training. Therefore, the main aim of this report is to facilitate useful information that may lead to practical application, based on the scientific evidence and applied knowledge specifically in basketball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Calleja-González
- a Laboratory of Analysis of Sport Performance, Sport and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- b Regional Unit of Sport Medicine-Avilés City-Council Foundation, Functional Biology Department , University of Oviedo , Asturias , Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- c ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF) , Technical University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,d Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Isabel I , www.ui1.es , España
| | - Anne Delextrat
- e Department of Sport and Health Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Igor Jukic
- f Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Alejandro Vaquera
- g Sport and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Leon , León , Spain
| | - Lorena Torres
- h Complex Systems in Sports Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Xavier Schelling
- h Complex Systems in Sports Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Marko Stojanovic
- i Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- i Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences , Belgrade , Serbia
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Attene G, Nikolaidis PT, Bragazzi NL, Dello Iacono A, Pizzolato F, Zagatto AM, Dal Pupo J, Oggianu M, Migliaccio GM, Mannucci Pacini E, Padulo J. Repeated Sprint Ability in Young Basketball Players (Part 2): The Chronic Effects of Multidirection and of One Change of Direction Are Comparable in Terms of Physiological and Performance Responses. Front Physiol 2016; 7:262. [PMID: 27445852 PMCID: PMC4921484 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 5-week training program, consisting of repeated 30-m sprints, on two repeated sprint ability (RSA) test formats: one with one change of direction (RSA) and the other with multiple changes of direction (RSM). Thirty-six young male and female basketball players (age 16.1 ± 0.9 years), divided into two experimental groups, were tested for RSA, RSM, squat jump, counter-movement jump, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery-Level-1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, before and after a 4-week training program and 1 week of tapering. One group performed 30-m sprints with one change of direction (RSA group, RSAG), whereas the other group performed multidirectional 30-m sprints (RSM group, RSMG). Both groups improved in all scores in the post-intervention measurements (P < 0.05), except for the fatigue index in the RSM test. However, when comparing the two groups, similar effects were found for almost all parameters of the tests applied, except for RPE in the RSA test, which had a greater decrease in the RSAG (from 8.7 to 5.9) than in the RSMG (from 8.5 to 6.6, P = 0.021). We can conclude that repeated 30-m sprints, either with one change of direction or multidirectional, induce similar physiological and performance responses in young basketball players, but have a different psycho-physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Dello Iacono
- Department of Life Sciences, Orde Wingate Institute for Physical Education and Sports Netanya, Israel
| | - Fabio Pizzolato
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | | | - Juliano Dal Pupo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Gian M Migliaccio
- Italian Olympic CommitteeCagliari, Italy; Sport Science LabLondon, UK
| | | | - Johnny Padulo
- University eCampusNovedrate, Italy; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of SplitSplit, Croatia
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Effect of fatigue caused by a simulated handball game on ball throwing velocity, shoulder muscle strength and balance ratio: a prospective study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:13. [PMID: 27152198 PMCID: PMC4857259 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arm throwing represents a deciding element in handball. Ball velocity, aim accuracy, and dynamic stability of the shoulder are factors that influence throwing effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle fatigue caused by simulated game activities (SGA) on shoulder rotational isokinetic muscle strength, muscle balance and throwing performance, and to examine the relationship between muscle strength and throwing performance. METHODS Ten national elite adult handball athletes were evaluated. Isokinetic internal (IR), external (ER) rotators peak torque, and balance ratio were measured before and after SGA. Ball throwing velocity was assessed by radar gun. RESULTS Both internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators peak torque were significantly lower after SGA (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.02, respectively). However, the deleterious effect was more evident for IR than ER muscles (effect size r = 0.39 and r = 0.18, respectively). Balance ratio before and after SGA did not differ (p = 0.06). Ball throwing velocity was not impaired by SGA. Moreover, isokinetic variables correlated positively with ball velocity (r ≥ 0.67). CONCLUSIONS SGA affected the muscle strength of IR more than ER, predisposing the shoulder joint to muscular imbalance. The muscular impairment after SGA was insufficient to impair ball throwing velocity.
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Padulo J, Bragazzi NL, Nikolaidis PT, Dello Iacono A, Attene G, Pizzolato F, Dal Pupo J, Zagatto AM, Oggianu M, Migliaccio GM. Repeated Sprint Ability in Young Basketball Players: Multi-direction vs. One-Change of Direction (Part 1). Front Physiol 2016; 7:133. [PMID: 27148072 PMCID: PMC4840326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability of a novel multi-direction repeated sprint ability (RSA) test [RSM; 10 × (6 × 5-m)] compared with a RSA with one change of direction [10 × (2 × 15-m)], and the relationship of the RSM and RSA with Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) and jump performances [squat jump (SJ) and counter-movement-jump (CMJ)]. Thirty-six (male, n = 14, female n = 22) young basketball players (age 16.0 ± 0.9 yrs) performed the RSM, RSA, Yo-Yo IR1, SJ, and CMJ, and were re-tested only for RSM and RSA after 1 week. The absolute error of reliability (standard error of the measurement) was lower than 0.212 and 0.617-s for the time variables of the RSA and RSM test, respectively. Performance in the RSA and RSM test significantly correlated with CMJ and SJ. The best time, worst time, and total time of the RSA and RSM test were negatively correlated with Yo-Yo IR1 distance. Based on these findings, consistent with previously published studies, it was concluded that the novel RSM test was valid and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- University eCampusNovedrate, Italy; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of SplitSplit, Croatia
| | | | | | - Antonio Dello Iacono
- Department of Life Science, The Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Science Wingate, Natanya, Israel
| | | | - Fabio Pizzolato
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Juliano Dal Pupo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M Zagatto
- Laboratoty of Physiology and Sports Performance, Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Gian M Migliaccio
- CONI - Italian Olympic CommitteeCagliari, Sardinia, Italy; Sport Science LabLondon, UK
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The acute effect of exercise intensity on free throws in young basketball players. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nikolaidis PT, Asadi A, Santos EJAM, Calleja-González J, Padulo J, Chtourou H, Zemkova E. Relationship of body mass status with running and jumping performances in young basketball players. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2015; 5:187-94. [PMID: 26605193 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE the main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of body mass (BM) status with running and jumping performances in young male basketball players. METHODS basketball players (n=72, age 12.9±2.8 yrs), who were grouped into U-12 (9-12 yrs), U-15 (12-15 yrs) and U-18 (15-18 yrs), performed a battery of anthropometric, running and jumping tests. We examined differences among age groups, and between normal weight and overweight players. RESULTS the results indicated significant and large differences among age groups in BM, height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, speed, endurance, standing long jump, countermovement jump (CMJ), mean power in 30 s jumping test (Pmean) (p<0.001, η(2)≥0.23) with older players presenting higher values. Within each age group, overweight players had higher BM, BMI, body fat percentage and FM (p<0.05) than their normal weight counterparts. Overweight players had worst performance in running (sprint and endurance) and jumping (CMJ and Pmean) in U-12, and worst endurance in U-18 (p<0.05, |d|≥0.82) than normal-weight players, whereas there was no difference in U-15. CONCLUSIONS it was concluded that the relationship of BMI with running and jumping performances varied according to age. Based on these findings, trainers and coaches should focus on special intervention exercise and nutrition programs targeting optimal body mass especially in young basketball players, where the excess of body mass seemed to have the most detrimental effect on running and jumping performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimisation", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Erika Zemkova
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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