1
|
Weisenburger RL, Dainer-Best J, Zisser M, McNamara ME, Beevers CG. Negative self-referent cognition predicts future depression symptom change: an intensive sampling approachis. Cogn Emot 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39264587 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2400298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive theories of depression assert that negative self-referent cognition has a causal role in the development and maintenance of depression symptoms, but few studies have examined temporal associations between these constructs using intensive, longitudinal sampling strategies. In three samples of undergraduate students, we examined associations between change in self-referent processing and depression across 5 daily assessments (Sample 1, N = 303, 1,194 measurements, 79% adherence), 7 daily assessments (Sample 2, N = 313, 1,784 measurements, 81% adherence), and 7 weekly assessments (Sample 3; N = 155, 833 measurements, 81% adherence). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models indicated large cross-lagged effects in two of the three samples (Samples 1 and 3 but not Sample 2), such that more negative self-referent thinking than usual was significantly associated with a subsequent increase in depression symptoms at the next time lag. Notably, change in depression from usual was not associated with increases in negative self-referent processing at the next time point in any sample. These findings suggest that change in negative self-referent processing may be causally linked to future increases in depression on a day-to-day and week-to-week basis, although confidence in this conclusion is tempered somewhat by a lack of replication in Sample 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Weisenburger
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie Zisser
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mary E McNamara
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Afriyie-Agyemang Y, Bertocci MA, Iyengar S, Stiffler RS, Bonar LK, Aslam HA, Graur S, Bebko G, Skeba AS, Brady TJ, Benjamin O, Wang Y, Chase HW, Phillips ML. Lifetime depression and mania/hypomania risk predicted by neural markers in three independent young adult samples during working memory and emotional regulation. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02702-6. [PMID: 39210011 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective markers of pathophysiological processes underlying lifetime depression and mania/hypomania risk can provide biologically informed targets for novel interventions to help prevent the onset of affective disorders in individuals with subsyndromal symptoms. Greater activity within and functional connectivity (FC) between the central executive network (CEN), supporting emotional regulation (ER) subcomponent processes such as working memory (WM), the default mode network (DMN), supporting self-related information processing, and the salience network (SN), is thought to interfere with cognitive functioning and predispose to depressive disorders. Using an emotional n-back paradigm designed to examine WM and ER capacity, we examined in young adults: (1) relationships among activity and FC in these networks and lifetime depression and mania/hypomania risk; (2) the extent to which these relationships were specific to lifetime depression risk versus lifetime mania/hypomania risk; (3) whether findings in a first, Discovery sample n = 101, 63 female, age = 23.85 (2.9) could be replicated in a two independent Test samples of young adults: Test sample 1: n = 90, 60 female, age = 21.7 (2.0); Test sample 2: n = 96, 65 female, age = 21.6 (2.1). The Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR-L) assessed lifetime mania/hypomania risk and depression risk. We showed significant clusters of activity to each contrast in similar locations in the anatomic mask in each Test sample as in the Discovery sample, and, using extracted mean BOLD signal from these clusters as IVs, we showed similar patterns of IV-DV relationships in each Test sample as in the Discovery sample. Specifically, in the Discovery sample, greater DMN activity during WM was associated with greater lifetime depression risk. This finding was specific to depression and replicated in both independent samples (all ps<0.05 qFDR). Greater CEN activity during ER was associated with increased lifetime depression risk and lifetime mania/hypomania risk in all three samples (all ps< 0.05 qFDR). These replicated findings provide promising objective, neural markers to better identify, and guide and monitor early interventions for, depression and mania/hypomania risk in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richelle S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa K Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haris A Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander S Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler J Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Osasumwen Benjamin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Imbert L, Neige C, Moirand R, Piva G, Bediou B, Vallet W, Brunelin J. Eye-tracking evidence of a relationship between attentional bias for emotional faces and depression severity in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12000. [PMID: 38796509 PMCID: PMC11127986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In a retrospective study, 54 patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) completed a free-viewing task in which they had to freely explore pairs of faces (an emotional face (happy or sad) opposite to a neutral face). Attentional bias to emotional faces was calculated for early and sustained attention. We observed a significant negative correlation between depression severity as measured by the 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and sustained attention to happy faces. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between depression severity and sustained attention to sad faces. No significant correlation between depression severity and early attention was found for either happy or sad faces. Although conclusions from the current study are limited by the lack of comparison with a control group, the eye-tracking free-viewing task appears to be a relevant, accessible and easy-to-use tool for measuring depression severity through emotional attentional biases in TRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Imbert
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Cécilia Neige
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bat 416 1st floor, 95 boulevard Pinel, 696500, Bron, France
| | - Rémi Moirand
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bat 416 1st floor, 95 boulevard Pinel, 696500, Bron, France
| | - Giulia Piva
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bat 416 1st floor, 95 boulevard Pinel, 696500, Bron, France
| | - Benoit Bediou
- Faculté de Psychologie et Sciences de l'Education Campus Biotech, Université de Genève, 9 chemin des mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William Vallet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bat 416 1st floor, 95 boulevard Pinel, 696500, Bron, France
| | - Jerome Brunelin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bat 416 1st floor, 95 boulevard Pinel, 696500, Bron, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed SP, Piera Pi-Sunyer B, Moses-Payne ME, Goddings AL, Speyer LG, Kuyken W, Dalgleish T, Blakemore SJ. The role of self-referential and social processing in the relationship between pubertal status and difficulties in mental health and emotion regulation in adolescent girls in the UK. Dev Sci 2024:e13503. [PMID: 38576154 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by the onset of puberty, which is associated with an increase in mental health difficulties, particularly in girls. Social and self-referential processes also develop during this period: adolescents become more aware of others' perspectives, and judgements about themselves become less favourable. In the current study, data from 119 girls (from London, UK) aged 9-16 years were collected at two-time points (between 2019 and 2021) to investigate the relationship between puberty and difficulties in mental health and emotion regulation, as well as the role of self-referential and social processing in this relationship. Structural equation modelling showed that advanced pubertal status predicted greater mental health and emotion regulation difficulties, including depression and anxiety, rumination and overall difficulties in emotion regulation, and in mental health and behaviour. Advanced pubertal status also predicted greater perspective-taking abilities and negative self-schemas. Exploratory analyses showed that negative self-schemas mediated the relationships between puberty and rumination, overall emotion regulation difficulties, and depression (although these effects were small and would not survive correction for multiple comparisons). The results suggest that advanced pubertal status is associated with higher mental health and emotion regulation problems during adolescence and that negative self-schemas may play a role in this association. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study investigates the relationship between puberty, mental health, emotion regulation difficulties, and social and self-referential processing in girls aged 9-16 years. Advanced pubertal status was associated with worse mental health and greater emotion regulation difficulties, better perspective-taking abilities and negative self-schemas. Negative self-schemas may play a role in the relationships between advanced pubertal status and depression, and advanced pubertal status and emotion regulation difficulties, including rumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saz P Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Anne-Lise Goddings
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia G Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun R, Fietz J, Erhart M, Poehlchen D, Henco L, Brückl TM, Czisch M, Saemann PG, Spoormaker VI. Free-viewing gaze patterns reveal a mood-congruency bias in MDD during an affective fMRI/eye-tracking task. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:559-571. [PMID: 37087709 PMCID: PMC10995059 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been related to abnormal amygdala activity during emotional face processing. However, a recent large-scale study (n = 28,638) found no such correlation, which is probably due to the low precision of fMRI measurements. To address this issue, we used simultaneous fMRI and eye-tracking measurements during a commonly employed emotional face recognition task. Eye-tracking provide high-precision data, which can be used to enrich and potentially stabilize fMRI readouts. With the behavioral response, we additionally divided the active task period into a task-related and a free-viewing phase to explore the gaze patterns of MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) and compare their respective neural correlates. Our analysis showed that a mood-congruency attentional bias could be detected in MDD compared to healthy controls during the free-viewing phase but without parallel amygdala disruption. Moreover, the neural correlates of gaze patterns reflected more prefrontal fMRI activity in the free-viewing than the task-related phase. Taken together, spontaneous emotional processing in free viewing might lead to a more pronounced mood-congruency bias in MDD, which indicates that combined fMRI with eye-tracking measurement could be beneficial for our understanding of the underlying psychopathology of MDD in different emotional processing phases.Trial Registration: The BeCOME study is registered on ClinicalTrials (gov: NCT03984084) by the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich, Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Behavioral and Psychological Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Julia Fietz
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mira Erhart
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Poehlchen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Henco
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja M Brückl
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Victor I Spoormaker
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan GCY, Wang Z, Tan ESE, Ong RJM, Ooi PE, Lee D, Rane N, Tey SYX, Chua SY, Goh N, Lam GW, Chakraborty A, Yew AKL, Ong SK, Kee JL, Lim XY, Hashim N, Lu SH, Meany M, Tolomeo S, Lee CA, Tan HM, Keppo J. Transdiagnostic clustering of self-schema from self-referential judgements identifies subtypes of healthy personality and depression. Front Neuroinform 2024; 17:1244347. [PMID: 38274390 PMCID: PMC10808829 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1244347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The heterogeneity of depressive and anxiety disorders complicates clinical management as it may account for differences in trajectory and treatment response. Self-schemas, which can be determined by Self-Referential Judgements (SRJs), are heterogeneous yet stable. SRJs have been used to characterize personality in the general population and shown to be prognostic in depressive and anxiety disorders. Methods In this study, we used SRJs from a Self-Referential Encoding Task (SRET) to identify clusters from a clinical sample of 119 patients recruited from the Institute of Mental Health presenting with depressive or anxiety symptoms and a non-clinical sample of 115 healthy adults. The generated clusters were examined in terms of most endorsed words, cross-sample correspondence, association with depressive symptoms and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire and diagnostic category. Results We identify a 5-cluster solution in each sample and a 7-cluster solution in the combined sample. When perturbed, metrics such as optimum cluster number, criterion value, likelihood, DBI and CHI remained stable and cluster centers appeared stable when using BIC or ICL as criteria. Top endorsed words in clusters were meaningful across theoretical frameworks from personality, psychodynamic concepts of relatedness and self-definition, and valence in self-referential processing. The clinical clusters were labeled "Neurotic" (C1), "Extraverted" (C2), "Anxious to please" (C3), "Self-critical" (C4), "Conscientious" (C5). The non-clinical clusters were labeled "Self-confident" (N1), "Low endorsement" (N2), "Non-neurotic" (N3), "Neurotic" (N4), "High endorsement" (N5). The combined clusters were labeled "Self-confident" (NC1), "Externalising" (NC2), "Neurotic" (NC3), "Secure" (NC4), "Low endorsement" (NC5), "High endorsement" (NC6), "Self-critical" (NC7). Cluster differences were observed in endorsement of positive and negative words, latency biases, recall biases, depressive symptoms, frequency of depressive disorders and self-criticism. Discussion Overall, clusters endorsing more negative words tended to endorse fewer positive words, showed more negative biases in reaction time and negative recall bias, reported more severe depressive symptoms and a higher frequency of depressive disorders and more self-criticism in the clinical population. SRJ-based clustering represents a novel transdiagnostic framework for subgrouping patients with depressive and anxiety symptoms that may support the future translation of the science of self-referential processing, personality and psychodynamic concepts of self-definition to clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel Jing Min Ong
- Faculty of Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei En Ooi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danan Lee
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikita Rane
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Si Ying Chua
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Atlanta Chakraborty
- Institute of Operations Research and Analytics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Khye Loong Yew
- Institute of Operations Research and Analytics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Xin Ying Lim
- Faculty of Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nawal Hashim
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Michael Meany
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hong Ming Tan
- Institute of Operations Research and Analytics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jussi Keppo
- Institute of Operations Research and Analytics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamenish K, Robinson ESJ. Neuropsychological Effects of Antidepressants: Translational Studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:101-130. [PMID: 37955824 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments that improve mood were first identified serendipitously, but more than half a century later, how these drugs induce their antidepressant effects remains largely unknown. With the help of animal models, a detailed understanding of their pharmacological targets and acute and chronic effects on brain chemistry and neuronal function has been achieved, but it remains to be elucidated how these effects translate to clinical efficacy. Whilst the field has been dominated by the monoamine and neurotrophic hypotheses, the idea that the maladaptive cognitive process plays a critical role in the development and perpetuation of mood disorders has been discussed since the 1950s. Recently, studies using objective methods to quantify changes in emotional processing found acute effects with conventional antidepressants in both healthy volunteers and patients. These positive effects on emotional processing and cognition occur without a change in the subjective ratings of mood. Building from these studies, behavioural methods for animals that quantify similar cognitive affective processes have been developed. Integrating these behavioural approaches with pharmacology and targeted brain manipulations, a picture is beginning to emerge of the underlying mechanisms that may link the pharmacology of antidepressants, these neuropsychological constructs and clinical efficacy. In this chapter, we discuss findings from animal studies, experimental medicine and patients investigating the neuropsychological effects of antidepressant drugs. We discuss the possible neural circuits that contribute to these effects and discuss whether a neuropsychological model of antidepressant effects could explain the temporal differences in clinical benefits observed with conventional delayed-onset antidepressants versus rapid-acting antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Kamenish
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Faul L, Rothrock JM, LaBar KS. Self-Relevance Moderates the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Corrugator Activity during the Imagination of Personal Episodic Events. Brain Sci 2023; 13:843. [PMID: 37371323 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests depression is associated with blunted reactivity to positive and negative stimuli, known as emotion context insensitivity (ECI). However, ECI is not consistently observed in the literature, suggesting moderators that influence its presence. We propose self-relevance as one such moderator, with ECI most apparent when self-relevance is low. We examined this proposal by measuring self-report and facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator muscle while participants (n = 81) imagined hypothetical scenarios with varying self-relevance and recalled autobiographical memories. Increased depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were associated with less differentiated arousal and self-relevance ratings between happy, neutral, and sad scenarios. EMG analyses further revealed that individuals with high depressive symptoms exhibited blunted corrugator reactivity (reduced differentiation) for sad, neutral, and happy scenarios with low self-relevance, while corrugator reactivity remained sensitive to valence for highly self-relevant scenarios. By comparison, in individuals with low depressive symptoms, corrugator activity differentiated valence regardless of stimulus self-relevance. Supporting a role for self-relevance in shaping ECI, we observed no depression-related differences in emotional reactivity when participants recalled highly self-relevant happy or sad autobiographical memories. Our findings suggest ECI is primarily associated with blunted reactivity towards material deemed low in self-relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Faul
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jane M Rothrock
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kevin S LaBar
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng Y, Li W, Zhang B. Functional Activity in the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Patients with Depression: A Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030405. [PMID: 36983590 PMCID: PMC10051603 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a long-lasting mental disorder that affects more than 264 million people worldwide. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be a safe and effective choice for the treatment of depression. Functional neuroimaging provides unique insights into the neuropsychiatric effects of antidepressant TMS. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the functional activity of brain regions caused by TMS for depression. A literature search was conducted from inception to 5 January 2022. Studies were then selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Activation likelihood estimation was applied to analyze functional activation. Five articles were ultimately included after selection. The main analysis results indicated that TMS treatment for depression can alter the activity in the right precentral gyrus, right posterior cingulate, left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. In resting-state studies, increased activation was shown in the right precentral gyrus, right posterior cingulate, left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus associated with TMS treatment. In task-related studies, clusters in the right middle frontal gyrus, left sub-gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and left posterior cingulate were hyperactivated post-treatment. Our study offers an overview of brain activity changes in patients with depression after TMS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Deng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenyue Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Negative comments and social media: How cognitive biases relate to body image concerns. Body Image 2023; 45:54-64. [PMID: 36812802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Body image concern (BIC) is a prevalent issue thought to be exacerbated by social media. In addition to sociocultural factors, cognitive biases may also contribute to BIC. We explore whether cognitive biases in memory for body image-related words, presented in a mock social-media context, are associated with BIC in young adult women. A sample of 150 University students was presented with a series of body image-related comments aimed at either themselves, a close friend, or a celebrity in a recognisable social media context. Afterwards, a surprise memory task was completed that assessed the participant's memory for body image-related words (item memory), their insight (metamemory), and to whom a specific word was directed (source memory). Self-referential biases were identified for both item memory and source memory. Individuals with greater BIC displayed a greater self-referential bias for correctly and incorrectly sourcing negative words to themselves compared with both friend and celebrity. A greater self-referential effect in metacognitive sensitivity was also associated with higher BIC. We provide novel evidence for a cognitive bias in sourcing negative body image-related information to the self in individuals with higher BIC. The results should inform cognitive remediation programmes aimed at treating individuals with body and eating-related disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hitchcock PF, Britton WB, Mehta KP, Frank MJ. Self-judgment dissected: A computational modeling analysis of self-referential processing and its relationship to trait mindfulness facets and depression symptoms. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:171-189. [PMID: 36168080 PMCID: PMC9931629 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive theories of depression, and mindfulness theories of well-being, converge on the notion that self-judgment plays a critical role in mental health. However, these theories have rarely been tested via tasks and computational modeling analyses that can disentangle the information processes operative in self-judgments. We applied a drift-diffusion computational model to the self-referential encoding task (SRET) collected before and after an 8-week mindfulness intervention (n = 96). A drift-rate regression parameter representing positive-relative to negative-self-referential judgment strength positively related to mindful awareness and inversely related to depression, both at baseline and over time; however, this parameter did not significantly relate to the interaction between mindful awareness and nonjudgmentalness. At the level of individual depression symptoms, at baseline, a spectrum of symptoms (inversely) correlated with the drift-rate regression parameter, suggesting that many distinct depression symptoms relate to valenced self-judgment between subjects. By contrast, over the intervention, changes in only a smaller subset of anhedonia-related depression symptoms showed substantial relationships with this parameter. Both behavioral and model-derived measures showed modest split-half and test-retest correlations. Results support cognitive theories that implicate self-judgment in depression and mindfulness theories, which imply that mindful awareness should lead to more positive self-views.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Hitchcock
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | - Kahini P Mehta
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang G, Li Y, Zhu H, Feng H, Shen X, Chen Z. Emotional stimulation processing characteristics in depression: Meta-analysis of eye tracking findings. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1089654. [PMID: 36710847 PMCID: PMC9880408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1089654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the attentional bias in patients with depression toward emotional stimuli and to explore eye movement indicators and potential regulatory variables that can distinguish such patients from healthy individuals. Methods Case-control studies regarding eye-tracking in major depressive disorder published in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases from database initiation until March 12, 2022 were included in the present meta-analysis. Two researchers independently screened the literature and performed data extraction. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results Overall, 14 studies were included, including 1,167 participants (N depression = 474; N healthy = 693). We found that (1) fixation duration was significantly lower for positive emotional stimuli in the depression group than that in the healthy group; however, for negative stimuli, the fixation duration was significantly more in the depression group than in the healthy group. No significant difference was observed in terms of neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (2) Patients with depression exhibited a significantly lower fixation count for positive emotional stimuli than healthy individuals, whereas the fixation count for negative emotional stimuli was significantly higher in the depression group than in the healthy group. No significant difference was found for neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (3) No significant difference was detected in terms of the first fixation duration of the positive, negative, and neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (4) subgroup analysis indicated that age effected fixation duration for positive emotional stimuli. In addition, age and the type of negative emotional picture (sad, dysphoric, threat, anger) effected fixation duration for negative emotional stimuli. Conclusion Our research supports that patients with depression exhibit a negative attention bias toward emotional stimuli, and the fixation duration and fixation counts may be used as auxiliary objective indicators for depression screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genying Huang
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yafang Li
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yafang Li ✉
| | - Huizhong Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Feng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xunbing Shen
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhencai Chen
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Johnstone S, Courtenay K, Girard TA. Binge drinking indirectly predicts a negative emotional memory bias through coping motivations and depressive symptoms: The role of sex/gender. Front Psychol 2022; 13:998364. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn this three-part study, we investigate whether the associations between binge and problematic drinking patterns with a negative emotional memory bias (NMB) are indirectly related through coping motivations and depressive symptoms. We also address potential sex differences in these relations.MethodsParticipants (N = 293) completed the Timeline Followback to assess binge drinking, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess problematic alcohol use, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised to assess coping motivations, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 to assess depression. Participants were asked to identify whether 30 emotional sentences were self-referent or not in an incidental encoding task; 24 h later they were asked to recall as many sentences as possible and a negative memory bias score was calculated.ResultsAcross all three studies, we found significant bivariate relations between AUDIT scores, coping, depression, and an NMB, particularly for sentences participants deemed self-referent. In two undergraduate samples, there were significant indirect effects through coping motivations and depressive symptoms between binge drinking and an NMB in females as well as between AUDIT scores and an NMB in females only. In the community sample, there was only an indirect effect through coping motives, but this was observed in both females and males.ConclusionThese findings support a relation between binge drinking as well as problematic alcohol use and a self-referent NMB in the context of coping motivations for alcohol use and depressive symptoms. Moreover, the pattern of findings suggests this model primarily holds for females, yet may also apply to males at higher levels of problematic alcohol use.
Collapse
|
14
|
Neural basis of positive and negative emotion regulation in remitted depression. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102988. [PMID: 35298997 PMCID: PMC8924423 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RRMDD patients show deviant uninstructed neural emotion regulation. This is reflected in residual problems in daily strategy use. RRMDD patients are capable to engage frontolimbic areas upon instructed reappraisal. Neural regulation capacity is related to inadequate rumination. Positive, next to negative, affect is highly relevant for understanding vulnerability.
The recurrent nature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) necessitates a better understanding of mechanisms facilitating relapse. MDD has often been associated with abnormal emotion regulation, underpinned by aberrant interactions between the prefrontal cortex and subcortical areas. We assessed whether neural regulation abnormalities remain after remission and relate to emotion regulation problems in daily life. At the baseline measurement of a randomized controlled trial, an emotion regulation task was performed during fMRI scanning by 46 remitted recurrent (rrMDD) patients and 24 healthy controls. We assessed both fMRI peak activity and the temporal dynamics of the neural response during passive attendance and explicit regulation of positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, we assessed regulation strategy use in daily life using questionnaires, and attentional biases using a modified attentional dot-probe task. RrMDD patients showed lower activation and different temporal dynamics in occipital, parietal, and prefrontal brain regions during passive attendance of emotional material compared to healthy controls. During explicit downregulation of negative emotions, no group differences were found. However, during explicit upregulation of positive emotions, rrMDD patients showed a different neural response over time in the insula. Behaviourally, rrMDD patients were characterized by dysfunctional regulation strategies in daily life. Within rrMDD patients, rumination was associated with activation within a limbic- prefrontal network. After remission, immediate emotional processing seems unaffected, but regulatory abnormalities remain, especially uninstructed and in daily life. Abnormal insula activation during positive upregulation suggests decreased monitoring of positive emotions. The relation between inadequate rumination and brain activity during emotion regulation suggests that regulation of both positive and negative affect is important in understanding neurocognitive underpinnings of resilience.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji L, Zhu B, Wang J, Ding M, Gao Y, Qiao X, Jin Y, Si H, Wang C. Executive function and attentional bias as serial mediators in the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms among older inpatients: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2022; 32:2592-2602. [PMID: 35396796 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the serial mediating effect of executive function and attentional bias in the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms. BACKGROUND Although the role of frailty in predicting depression has been well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted with 667 older inpatients aged 60-90 years in the internal medicine wards of a hospital in China. METHODS Attentional bias, frailty and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale, the Physical Frailty Phenotype and the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Executive function was measured using 3 tests, including digital backward, category Verbal Fluency Test and Trail Making Test. The study followed the STROBE guideline. RESULTS The latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four patterns of attentional bias, namely "no positive bias & no negative bias" (class 1, 9.3%), "minor positive bias & no negative bias" (class 2, 48.0%), "major positive bias & minor negative bias" (class 3, 25.6%) and "major positive bias & no negative bias" (class 4, 17.1%). Regression analysis found that frailty was associated with depressive symptoms. Frailty was also negatively associated with executive function, which was a protective factor for attentional bias class 1, 2 and 3 with reference to class 4. Attentional bias class 1 and 2 but not class 3 was associated with depressive symptoms with reference to class 4. The joint significance test confirmed executive function and attentional bias as serial mediators linking frailty to depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION Unlike robust older adults who have the age-related positivity effect, frail older adults have attentional bias deficits due to executive dysfunction, and consequently experience clinically relevant depressive symptoms. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare providers should take executive function training and attentional bias regulation into consideration to reduce the detrimental effects of frailty on emotional well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ji
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Baoqi Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mengshuang Ding
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yapeng Gao
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiao
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Jin
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxin Si
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alejandre-Lara AL, Canby NK, Wesbecher KD, Eichel K, Britton WB, Lindahl JR. How do Mindfulness-Based Programs Improve Depression Symptoms: Selflessness, Valence, or Valenced Self? COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Vollenweider FX, Smallridge JW. Classic Psychedelic Drugs: Update on Biological
Mechanisms. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022; 55:121-138. [PMID: 35079988 PMCID: PMC9110100 DOI: 10.1055/a-1721-2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in the effects of psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric
disorders warrants a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms
underlying the effects of these substances. During the past two decades,
state-of-the-art studies of animals and humans have yielded new important
insights into the molecular, cellular, and systems-level actions of psychedelic
drugs. These efforts have revealed that psychedelics affect primarily
serotonergic receptor subtypes located in cortico-thalamic and cortico-cortical
feedback circuits of information processing. Psychedelic drugs modulate
excitatory-inhibitory balance in these circuits and can participate in
neuroplasticity within brain structures critical for the integration of
information relevant to sensation, cognition, emotions, and the narrative of
self. Neuroimaging studies showed that characteristic dimensions of the
psychedelic experience obtained through subjective questionnaires as well as
alterations in self-referential processing and emotion regulation obtained
through neuropsychological tasks are associated with distinct changes in brain
activity and connectivity patterns at multiple-system levels. These recent
results suggest that changes in self-experience, emotional processing, and
social cognition may contribute to the potential therapeutic effects of
psychedelics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz X. Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry,
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John W. Smallridge
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry,
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wen M, Dong Z, Zhang L, Li B, Zhang Y, Li K. Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Current Understanding of Its Neurobiology and Diagnosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2783-2794. [PMID: 36471744 PMCID: PMC9719265 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s383093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye movement is critical for obtaining precise visual information and providing sensorimotor processes and advanced cognitive functions to the brain behavioral indicator. METHODS In this article, we present a narrative review of the eye-movement paradigms (such as fixation, smooth pursuit eye movements, and memory-guided saccade tasks) in major depression. RESULTS Characteristics of eye movement are considered to reflect several aspects of cognitive deficits regarded as an aid to diagnosis. Findings regarding depressive disorders showed differences from the healthy population in paradigms, the characteristics of eye movement may reflect cognitive deficits in depression. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different eye movement paradigms for MDD screening. CONCLUSION Depression can be distinguished from other mental illnesses based on eye movements. Eye movement reflects cognitive deficits that can help diagnose depression, and it can make the entire diagnostic process more accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Allison GO, Kamath RA, Carrillo V, Alqueza KL, Pagliaccio D, Slavich GM, Shankman SA, Auerbach RP. Self-referential Processing in Remitted Depression: An Event-Related Potential Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 3:119-129. [PMID: 36712564 PMCID: PMC9874080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying mechanisms of major depressive disorder that continue into remission is critical, as these mechanisms may contribute to subsequent depressive episodes. Biobehavioral markers related to depressogenic self-referential processing biases have been identified in adults with depression. Thus, we investigated whether these risk factors persisted during remission as well as contributed to the occurrence of stress and depressive symptoms over time. Methods At baseline, adults with remitted depression (n = 33) and healthy control subjects (n = 33) were administered diagnostic and stress interviews as well as self-report symptom measures. In addition, participants completed a self-referential encoding task while electroencephalography data were acquired. Stress interviews and self-report symptom measures were readministered at the 6-month follow-up assessment. Results Drift diffusion modeling showed that compared with healthy individuals, adults with remitted depression exhibited a slower drift rate to negative stimuli, indicating a slower tendency to reject negative stimuli as self-relevant. At the 6-month follow-up assessment, a slower drift rate to negative stimuli predicted greater interpersonal stress severity among individuals with remitted depression but not healthy individuals while controlling for both baseline depression symptoms and interpersonal stress severity. Highlighting the specificity of this effect, results were nonsignificant when predicting noninterpersonal stress. For self-relevant positive words endorsed, adults with remitted depression exhibited smaller left- than right-hemisphere late positive potential amplitudes; healthy control subjects did not show hemispheric differences. Conclusions Self-referential processing deficits persist into remission. In line with the stress generation framework, these biases predicted the occurrence of interpersonal stress, which may provide insight about a potential pathway for the re-emergence of depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace O. Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rahil A. Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Vivian Carrillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kira L. Alqueza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, New York,Address correspondence to Randy P. Auerbach, Ph.D.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Ru T, Chen Q, Qian L, Luo X, Zhou G. Effects of illuminance and correlated color temperature of indoor light on emotion perception. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14351. [PMID: 34253773 PMCID: PMC8275593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute non-image forming (NIF) effects of daytime light on momentary mood had been-although not always-established in the current literature. It still remains largely unknown whether short-time light exposure would modulate emotion perception in healthy adults. The current study (N = 48) was conducted to explore the effects of illuminance (100 lx vs. 1000 lx at eye level) and correlated color temperature (CCT, 2700 K vs. 6500 K) on explicit and implicit emotion perception that was assessed with emotional face judgment task and emotional oddball task respectively. Results showed that lower CCT significantly decreased negative response bias in the face judgment task, with labeling ambiguous faces less fearful under 2700 K vs. 6500 K condition. Moreover, participants responded slightly faster for emotional pictures under 6500 K vs. 2700 K condition, but no significant effect of illuminance or CCT on negativity bias was revealed in the emotional oddball task. These findings highlighted the differential role of illuminance and CCT in regulating instant emotion perception and suggested a task-dependent moderation of light spectrum on negativity bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qingwei Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liu Qian
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tracy A, Jopling E, LeMoult J. The effect of self-referential processing on anxiety in response to naturalistic and laboratory stressors. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1320-1333. [PMID: 34242133 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1951675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although stressful life events increase risk for symptoms of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), we know little about mechanisms that increase GAD symptoms during times of stress. Despite evidence that self-referential processing contributes to other forms of psychopathology, namely depression, it is unknown whether self-referential processing also contributes to symptoms of GAD. Thus, we examined the association of self-referential processing with GAD symptoms in response to a naturalistic stressor (Study 1; n=135) and with anxiety-tension in response to a laboratory stressor (Study 2; n=56). In Study 1, participants completed the self-referential encoding task (SRET) in their initial weeks of university, and we assessed GAD symptoms four times across the semester. In Study 2, participants completed the SRET immediately before a laboratory stressor, and we assessed moment-to-moment changes in anxiety-tension. Greater negatively biased self-referential processing was associated with higher GAD symptoms at the start of university and greater reactivity to the laboratory stressor. In contrast, greater positively biased self-referential processing served as a protective factor associated with greater decline in symptoms over time. This study is the first to demonstrate that there are valence-specific effects of self-referential processing on anxiety, suggesting that self-referential processing may be relevant to GAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Tracy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4
| | - Ellen Jopling
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4
| | - Joelle LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bø R, Kraft B, Jonassen R, Harmer CJ, Hilland E, Stiles TC, Haaland VØ, Aspesletten MEB, Sletvold H, Landrø NI. Symptom severity moderates the outcome of attention bias modification for depression: An exploratory study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:528-534. [PMID: 33984807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis has questioned the relevance of attention bias modification (ABM) for depression outcomes. However, there might be patient characteristics not yet accounted for, that are relevant to the outcome. In the context of personalized treatment, the lack of moderator studies have limited the potential for matching ABM-treatment to individual patient characteristics. Subjects (N = 301) were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either active or placebo Attention Bias Modification (ABM) twice daily for 14 days in a double-blind design (placebo n = 148; ABM n = 153). The outcome was change in symptoms based on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Moderator variables were self-reported depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI) and attentional bias (AB) assessed at baseline. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02658682. Only BAI (p for interaction = .01, Bootstrap 95% CI [0.046, 0.337]) moderated the effects of ABM on change in clinician rated depressive symptoms. Interactions were significant for BAI scores ≥8. The relative effect of the intervention increased with the highest symptom load. ABM was not effective in patients with the lowest symptom load. Future research should validate this finding and continue investigating moderators of the ABM-intervention to further enhance personalization of treatment to individual symptom characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Bø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brage Kraft
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab (PERL), Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warenford Hospital, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Eva Hilland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore C Stiles
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Ø Haaland
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital, Norway
| | - Maria E B Aspesletten
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Sletvold
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Allison GO, Benau EM, Asbaghi S, Pagliacco D, Stewart JG, Auerbach RP. Neurophysiological Markers Related to Negative Self-referential Processing Differentiate Adolescent Suicide Ideators and Attempters. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:16-27. [PMID: 36324429 PMCID: PMC9616352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent suicide is a major public health concern, and presently, there is a limited understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of suicidal behaviors. Cognitive models of suicide indicate that negative views of the self are related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and this study investigated whether behavioral and neural correlates of self-referential processing differentiate suicide ideators from recent attempters. Methods Adolescents with depression reporting current suicidal ideation and no lifetime suicide attempts (suicide ideators, n = 30) and past-year suicide attempts (recent attempters, n = 26) completed a self-referential encoding task while high-density electroencephalogram data were recorded. Behavioral analyses focused on negative processing bias (i.e., tendency to attribute negative information as being self-relevant) and drift rate (i.e., slope of reaction time and response type that corresponds to how quickly information is accumulated to make a decision about whether words are self-referent). Neurophysiological markers probing components reflecting early semantic monitoring (P2), engagement (early late positive potential), and effortful encoding (late late positive potential) also were tested. Results Adolescent suicide ideators and recent suicide attempters reported comparable symptom severity, suicide ideation, and mental disorders. Although there were no behavioral differences, compared with suicide ideators, suicide attempters exhibited greater P2 amplitudes for negative versus positive words, which may reflect enhanced attention and arousal in response to negative self-referential stimuli. There were no group differences for the early or late late positive potential. Conclusions Enhanced sensory arousal in response to negative stimuli-that is, attentional orienting to semantic, emotional, and self-relevant features-differentiates adolescent suicide attempters from ideators and thus may signal risk for suicidal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace O. Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Erik M. Benau
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Steven Asbaghi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David Pagliacco
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy G. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan L, Duan Q, Luo S. Self-Dependent Neural Variability Predicts Recovery from Depressive Symptoms. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:962-971. [PMID: 33990844 PMCID: PMC8421703 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have increasingly paid attention to the neural dynamics of depression. This study examined whether self-dependent neural variability predicts recovery from depressive symptoms. Sixty adults with depressive symptoms who were not officially diagnosed with major depressive disorder participated in this study. Participants completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, including a resting-state and a self-reflection task. The fMRI data were used to estimate neural variability, which refers to the temporal variability in regional functional connectivity patterns. Participants then completed the Self-Construal Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The change in BDI scores over 3 months indicated the degree of recovery from depressive symptoms. Self-construal moderated the effects of general neural variability on predicting recovery from depressive symptoms. Interdependent individuals became less depressive with higher general neural variability, but the relationship was not significant in independent individuals. The differences in neural variability between self-related and other-related conditions also predicted recovery from depressive symptoms. The regions contributing to the prediction were mainly distributed in the default-mode network. Based on these results, the harmony between individuals’ neural dynamics and self-concept is important for recovery from depressive symptoms, which might be a foundation for individualized treatment and counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Fan
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qin Duan
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hsu KJ, Shumake J, Caffey K, Risom S, Labrada J, Smits JAJ, Schnyer DM, Beevers CG. Efficacy of attention bias modification training for depressed adults: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33766151 PMCID: PMC8464627 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the efficacy of attention bias modification training (ABMT) for the treatment of depression. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 145 adults (77% female, 62% white) with at least moderate depression severity [i.e. self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR) ⩾13] and a negative attention bias were randomized to active ABMT, sham ABMT, or assessments only. The training consisted of two in-clinic and three (brief) at-home ABMT sessions per week for 4 weeks (2224 training trials total). The pre-registered primary outcome was change in QIDS-SR. Secondary outcomes were the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) and anhedonic depression and anxious arousal from the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ). Primary and secondary outcomes were administered at baseline and four weekly assessments during ABMT. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, relative to assessment-only, active ABMT significantly reduced QIDS-SR and HRSD scores by an additional 0.62 ± 0.23 (p = 0.008, d = -0.57) and 0.74 ± 0.31 (p = 0.021, d = -0.49) points per week. Similar results were observed for active v. sham ABMT: a greater symptom reduction of 0.44 ± 0.24 QIDS-SR (p = 0.067, d = -0.41) and 0.69 ± 0.32 HRSD (p = 0.033, d = -0.42) points per week. Sham ABMT did not significantly differ from the assessment-only condition. No significant differences were observed for the MASQ scales. CONCLUSION Depressed individuals with at least modest negative attentional bias benefitted from active ABMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kean J. Hsu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Caffey
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Semeon Risom
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasper A. J. Smits
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David M. Schnyer
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher G. Beevers
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ebneabbasi A, Mahdipour M, Nejati V, Li M, Liebe T, Colic L, Leutritz AL, Vogel M, Zarei M, Walter M, Tahmasian M. Emotion processing and regulation in major depressive disorder: A 7T resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:797-810. [PMID: 33151031 PMCID: PMC7814754 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in bottom-up emotion processing (EP), as well as top-down emotion regulation (ER) are prominent features in pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nonetheless, it is not clear whether EP- and ER-related areas are regionally and/or connectively disturbed in MDD. In addition, it is yet to be known how EP- and ER-related areas are interactively linked to regulatory behavior, and whether this interaction is disrupted in MDD. In our study, regional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of meta-analytic-driven EP- and ER-related areas were compared between 32 healthy controls (HC) and 20 MDD patients. Then, we aimed to investigate whether the EP-related areas can predict the ER-related areas and regulatory behavior in both groups. Finally, the brain-behavior correlations between the EP- and ER-related areas and depression severity were assessed. We found that: (a) affective areas are regionally and/or connectively disturbed in MDD; (b) EP-ER interaction seems to be disrupted in MDD; overburden of emotional reactivity in amygdala may inversely affect cognitive control processes in prefrontal cortices, which leads to diminished regulatory actions. (c) Depression severity is correlated with FC of affective areas. Our findings shed new lights on the neural underpinning of affective dysfunctions in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ebneabbasi
- Institute of Medical Science and TechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Mahdipour
- Institute of Medical Science and TechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Thomas Liebe
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Anna Linda Leutritz
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and TechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging LaboratoryOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and TechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trambaiolli LR, Kohl SH, Linden DEJ, Mehler DMA. Neurofeedback training in major depressive disorder: A systematic review of clinical efficacy, study quality and reporting practices. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:33-56. [PMID: 33587957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Neurofeedback training has been suggested as a potential additional treatment option for MDD patients not reaching remission from standard care (i.e., psychopharmacology and psychotherapy). Here we systematically reviewed neurofeedback studies employing electroencephalography, or functional magnetic resonance-based protocols in depressive patients. Of 585 initially screened studies, 24 were included in our final sample (N = 480 patients in experimental and N = 194 in the control groups completing the primary endpoint). We evaluated the clinical efficacy across studies and attempted to group studies according to the control condition categories currently used in the field that affect clinical outcomes in group comparisons. In most studies, MDD patients showed symptom improvement superior to the control group(s). However, most articles did not comply with the most stringent study quality and reporting practices. We conclude with recommendations on best practices for experimental designs and reporting standards for neurofeedback training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Trambaiolli
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Simon H Kohl
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Psychological mechanisms and functions of 5-HT and SSRIs in potential therapeutic change: Lessons from the serotonergic modulation of action selection, learning, affect, and social cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:138-167. [PMID: 32931805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty regarding which psychological mechanisms are fundamental in mediating SSRI treatment outcomes and wide-ranging variability in their efficacy has raised more questions than it has solved. Since subjective mood states are an abstract scientific construct, only available through self-report in humans, and likely involving input from multiple top-down and bottom-up signals, it has been difficult to model at what level SSRIs interact with this process. Converging translational evidence indicates a role for serotonin in modulating context-dependent parameters of action selection, affect, and social cognition; and concurrently supporting learning mechanisms, which promote adaptability and behavioural flexibility. We examine the theoretical basis, ecological validity, and interaction of these constructs and how they may or may not exert a clinical benefit. Specifically, we bridge crucial gaps between disparate lines of research, particularly findings from animal models and human clinical trials, which often seem to present irreconcilable differences. In determining how SSRIs exert their effects, our approach examines the endogenous functions of 5-HT neurons, how 5-HT manipulations affect behaviour in different contexts, and how their therapeutic effects may be exerted in humans - which may illuminate issues of translational models, hierarchical mechanisms, idiographic variables, and social cognition.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pike AC, Printzlau FAB, von Lautz AH, Harmer CJ, Stokes MG, Noonan MP. Attentional Control in Subclinical Anxiety and Depression: Depression Symptoms Are Associated With Deficits in Target Facilitation, Not Distractor Inhibition. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1660. [PMID: 32793049 PMCID: PMC7387660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood and anxiety disorders are associated with deficits in attentional control involving emotive and non-emotive stimuli. Current theories focus on impaired attentional inhibition of distracting stimuli in producing these deficits. However, standard attention tasks struggle to separate distractor inhibition from target facilitation. Here, we investigate whether distractor inhibition underlies these deficits using neutral stimuli in a behavioral task specifically designed to tease apart these two attentional processes. Healthy participants performed a four-location Posner cueing paradigm and completed self-report questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. Using regression analyses, we found no relationship between distractor inhibition and mood symptoms or trait anxiety. However, we find a relationship between target facilitation and depression. Specifically, higher depressive symptoms were associated with reduced target facilitation in a task-version in which the target location repeated over a block of trials. We suggest this may relate to findings previously linking depression with deficits in predictive coding in clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Pike
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Catherine J. Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Stokes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - MaryAnn P. Noonan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Heggeness LF, Bean CAL, Kalmbach DA, Ciesla JA. Cognitive risk, coping-oriented substance use, and increased avoidance tendencies among depressed outpatients: A prospective investigation. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:2249-2263. [PMID: 32478424 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to assess the interplay between depressive cognition, coping-oriented substance use, and future behavioral disengagement tendencies. Cognitive risk subtypes examined include brooding rumination, attributional bias (internal/stable/global), and dysfunctional attitudes. METHOD Individuals were recruited from outpatient treatment settings and met criteria for a unipolar depressive disorder (N = 70; 66% female; 81% White; Mage = 31; SDage = 13.2). Participants completed self-report measures of brooding rumination, attributional style, dysfunctional attitudes, coping-oriented substance use, and behavioral disengagement tendencies following a 3-week period. RESULTS Brooding rumination, stable attributional style, and dysfunctional attitudes were positively associated with later behavioral disengagement tendencies. Coping-oriented substance use moderated associations between both internal attributional style, as well as dysfunctional attitudes onto later behavioral disengagement. CONCLUSIONS With regard to stress-related avoidance, subsyndromal substance use may play a detrimental role among cognitively vulnerable, depressed outpatients when said drug or alcohol use serves as a means of coping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Heggeness
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | | | - David A Kalmbach
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey A Ciesla
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jopling E, Tracy A, LeMoult J. Childhood Maltreatment, Negative Self-Referential Processing, and Depressive Symptoms During Stress. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:79-87. [PMID: 32021511 PMCID: PMC6969673 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s231505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Researchers have documented that the impact of childhood maltreatment on later symptoms of depression differs depending on the type(s) of maltreatment experienced, with emotional abuse and neglect being more likely than other forms of childhood maltreatment to increase the risk for depression. It is possible that emotional abuse and neglect are more likely to increase the risk for depression because they promote the development of negative self-referential processing (SRP), but this has not yet been tested empirically. The current study was designed to examine whether negative SRP mediated the association between different forms of childhood maltreatment and symptoms of depression during a time of stress. Methods We assessed the experience of different forms of childhood maltreatment (ie, emotional neglect, physical neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse) and negatively biased self-schemas early on in the university semester, among a sample of undergraduate students. We then assessed levels of depressive symptoms 2 months later during a naturalistic stressor (ie, university students’ first final exams). Results As expected, negative SRP mediated the relation between both neglect and emotional abuse, but not physical and sexual abuse, and later symptoms of depression. Discussion This is the first study to examine SRP as a mechanism underlying the association between forms of childhood maltreatment and symptoms of depression during a time of stress. Results suggest that the development of negative SRP biases may explain why some types of childhood maltreatment are more likely than others to increase an individual’s risk for depression during stressful developmental periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Jopling
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alison Tracy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joelle LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Houle-Johnson SA, O'Brien B, Ashbaugh AR. Negative verbal self-relevant feedback is recognized with greater accuracy than facial feedback regardless of depression or social anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 64:1-8. [PMID: 30711826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Self-referent information is critical for navigating the social realm, as we constantly use both verbal and non-verbal feedback in our interactions to understand ourselves and the world. In non-clinical samples, a memory bias for positive self-referent information has been observed, while a negativity bias has been observed among those with depression and anxiety. While research suggests that visual and auditory information is processed differently, no study has yet examined if memory biases persist for self-referent information presented by either means. We examined differences in memory for self-relevant social information presented as verbal or facial feedback, and whether symptoms of depression or anxiety influence memory for such information. We predicted that participants would remember more positive feedback overall, and that depression and anxiety would be positively related to memory for negative items. METHODS Participants gave a speech, and were provided with positive and negative feedback via facial expressions, (n = 25) or verbal feedback presented aurally (n = 26). Participants then did a recognition test for the feedback they recieved. RESULTS Recognition was higher for negative compared to positive feedback in the verbal condition, regardless of depression or anxiety. No memory biases were observed in the facial feedback condition. LIMITATIONS No neutral stimuli was presented. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the type of social feedback one receives may influence how information is remembered, regardless of symptomatology. Future studies should examine the mechanisms by which memory biases exist for different types of self-relevant feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Houle-Johnson
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Bronwyn O'Brien
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Andrea R Ashbaugh
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maydych V. The Interplay Between Stress, Inflammation, and Emotional Attention: Relevance for Depression. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:384. [PMID: 31068783 PMCID: PMC6491771 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is among the most significant public mental health issues. A growing body of research implicates inflammation in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. Yet, the results are somewhat inconsistent, leading to burgeoning attempts to identify associations between components of innate immune system involved in inflammation and specific symptoms of depression, including attention to emotional information. Negative attentional bias, defined as a tendency to direct attention toward negatively valenced information, is one of the core cognitive features of depression and is reliably demonstrated in depressed and vulnerable individuals. Altered attentional processing of emotional information and immunological changes are often precipitated by stressful events. Psychological stress triggers inflammatory activity and affective-cognitive changes that play a critical role in the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of depression. Using various designs, recent studies have reported a positive relationship between markers of inflammation and negative attentional bias on behavioral and neural levels, suggesting that the association between inflammation and emotional attention might represent a neurobiological pathway linking stress and depression. This mini-review summarizes current research on the reciprocal relationships between different types of stressors, emotional attention, inflammation, and depression, and discusses potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying these interactions. The integration provided aims to contribute toward understanding how biological and psychological processes interact to influence depression outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Maydych
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Beevers CG, Mullarkey MC, Dainer-Best J, Stewart RA, Labrada J, Allen JJB, McGeary JE, Shumake J. Association between negative cognitive bias and depression: A symptom-level approach. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:212-227. [PMID: 30652884 PMCID: PMC6449499 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models of depression posit that negatively biased self-referent processing and attention have important roles in the disorder. However, depression is a heterogeneous collection of symptoms and all symptoms are unlikely to be associated with these negative cognitive biases. The current study involved 218 community adults whose depression ranged from no symptoms to clinical levels of depression. Random forest machine learning was used to identify the most important depression symptom predictors of each negative cognitive bias. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Model performance was evaluated using predictive R-squared (Rpred2), the expected variance explained in data not used to train the algorithm, estimated by 10 repetitions of 10-fold cross-validation. Using the self-referent encoding task (SRET), depression symptoms explained 34% to 45% of the variance in negative self-referent processing. The symptoms of sadness, self-dislike, pessimism, feelings of punishment, and indecision were most important. Notably, many depression symptoms made virtually no contribution to this prediction. In contrast, for attention bias for sad stimuli, measured with the dot-probe task using behavioral reaction time (RT) and eye gaze metrics, no reliable symptom predictors were identified. Findings indicate that a symptom-level approach may provide new insights into which symptoms, if any, are associated with negative cognitive biases in depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Michael C Mullarkey
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rochelle A Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
LeMoult J, Gotlib IH. Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 69:51-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
36
|
Elgersma HJ, Koster EHW, Vugteveen J, Hoekzema A, Penninx BWJH, Bockting CLH, de Jong PJ. Predictive value of attentional bias for the recurrence of depression: A 4-year prospective study in remitted depressed individuals. Behav Res Ther 2019; 114:25-34. [PMID: 30665123 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research showed that individuals who were remitted from a depressive disorder displayed heightened attention towards negative adjectives (e.g., worthless). We tested if this attentional bias (AB) is predictive of future recurrence of depressive episodes and/or having depressive symptoms at 2- and 4-year follow-up. We used a longitudinal approach within the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and selected participants who were remitted from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (n = 918). AB was measured with a verbal Exogenous Cueing Task; using 2 presentation times (500 and 1250 ms) and 3 stimulus types (negative, positive, neutral). Over 4 years, we prospectively assessed recurrence of depressive episodes and depressive symptomatology after participants completed the ECT. Diagnosis of depressive disorder was measured with clinical rating-scales and self-report questionnaires. A heightened probability of recurrence was neither associated with (heightened) AB for negative nor with (lowered) AB for positive adjectives. Thus, the findings do not support the view that an AB toward negative stimuli or away from positive stimuli plays a critical role in the recurrence of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermien J Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorien Vugteveen
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hoekzema
- Department of Research Support, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lou Y, Lei Y, Mei Y, Leppänen PHT, Li H. Review of Abnormal Self-Knowledge in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:130. [PMID: 30984035 PMCID: PMC6447699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an affective disorder that is harmful to both physical and mental health. Abnormal self-knowledge, which refers to abnormal judgments about oneself, is a core symptom of depression. However, little research has summarized how and why patients with MDD differ from healthy individuals in terms of self-knowledge. Objective: To gain a better understanding of MDD, we reviewed previous studies that focused on the behavioral and neurological changes of self-knowledge in this illness. Main Findings: On the behavioral level, depressed individuals exhibited negative self-knowledge in an explicit way, while more heterogeneous patterns were reported in implicit results. On the neurological level, depressed individuals, as compared with non-depressed controls, showed abnormal self-referential processing in both early perception and higher cognitive processing phases during the Self-Referential Encoding Task. Furthermore, fMRI studies have reported aberrant activity in the medial prefrontal cortex area for negative self-related items in depression. These results revealed several behavioral features and brain mechanisms underlying abnormal self-knowledge in depression. Future Studies: The neural mechanism of implicit self-knowledge in MDD remains unclear. Future research should examine the importance of others' attitudes on the self-concept of individuals with MDD, and whether abnormal self-views may be modified through cognitive or pharmacological approaches. In addition, differences in abnormal self-knowledge due to genetic variation between depressed and non-depressed populations remain unconfirmed. Importantly, it remains unknown whether abnormal self-knowledge could be used as a specific marker to distinguish healthy individuals from those with MDD. Conclusion: This review extends our understanding of the relationship between self-knowledge and depression by indicating several abnormalities among individuals with MDD and those who are at risk for this illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Lou
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Center for Neurogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lei
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Neurogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Mei
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Neurogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paavo H T Leppänen
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Neurogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang Y, He Y, Wang G, Li JB, Zhu H. Correlation Analysis Between Attentional Bias and Somatic Symptoms in Depressive Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:903. [PMID: 31920752 PMCID: PMC6923261 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between attentional bias and the severity of depression as assessed by the TORAWARE state and physical symptoms. Methods: We enrolled 55 patients with depression and 60 healthy people. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), Somatic Self-Rating Scale (SSS), and the Chinese version of the Self-Rating Scale for the TORAWARE State of Neurosis (SSTN) were selected to assess the severity of psychological symptoms. Dot-probe tasks were used to detect attentional bias. We then analyzed the correlation of attentional bias with the total scores on the symptom scales. Results: The negative attentional bias and negative disengaging index scores were both greater than 0 (t = 3.15 and 2.78, respectively; all P < 0.01). The negative attention bias score was positively correlated with the SSTN and negative disengaging index scores (r = 0.29 and 0.53, respectively; all P < 0.05). SSTN score was positively correlated with the total HAMD and SSS scores (r = 0.34 and 0.38, respectively; all P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is no direct correlation between negative attentional bias and depression. It may be through the intermediate mechanism of TORAWARE state to influence symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Mental Health Center, People's Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun He
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Baoan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Mental Health Center, People's Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Haibing Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hsu KJ, Caffey K, Pisner D, Shumake J, Risom S, Ray KL, Smits JAJ, Schnyer DM, Beevers CG. Attentional bias modification treatment for depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 75:59-66. [PMID: 30416089 PMCID: PMC6431548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical models and empirical research point to negatively biased attention as a maintaining factor in depression. Although preliminary studies suggest experimentally modifying attentional biases (i.e., attentional bias modification; ABM) reduces depression symptoms and depression risk, relatively few rigorous studies with clinical samples have been completed. This clinical trial examines the impact of ABM on a sample of adults (N = 123) with elevated depression severity who also exhibit at least modest levels of negatively biased attention prior to treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to either active ABM, placebo ABM, or an assessment-only control condition. Individuals assigned to ABM will complete 5 trainings per week (2 in-clinic, 3 brief trainings at-home) during a four-week period. Throughout this four-week period, participants will complete weekly assessments of symptom severity and putative treatment mediators measured across different levels of analysis (e.g., eye tracking, behavioral measures, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging). This article details the rationale and design of the clinical trial, including methodological issues that required more extensive consideration. Our findings may not only point to an easily-accessible, efficacious treatment for depression but may also provide a meaningful test of whether a theoretically important construct, negatively biased attention, maintains depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kean J Hsu
- University of Texas at Austin, USA; McLean Hospital, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dainer-Best J, Lee HY, Shumake JD, Yeager DS, Beevers CG. Determining optimal parameters of the self-referent encoding task: A large-scale examination of self-referent cognition and depression. Psychol Assess 2018; 30:1527-1540. [PMID: 29878818 PMCID: PMC6212341 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological Assessment on Aug 2 2018 (see record 2018-38659-001). In this article, there was an error in how exclusions for one of the three samples were reported, which resulted in inaccurate reporting of how many participants did not have complete data. This error did not change the primary results of the article or the conclusions. However, in the second paragraph of the Participant Attrition and Data Filtering section, the number of exclusions for the adolescent sample should be 301, not 163. As a result, n=408 should read n=270 in the abstract; in paragraph 3 of the Method section; and in the Figure 1 legend. In addition, the correct values for the Adolescents sample reported in Tables 1 and 2 are provided in the erratum.] Although the self-referent encoding task (SRET) is commonly used to measure self-referent cognition in depression, many different SRET metrics can be obtained. The current study used best subsets regression with cross-validation and independent test samples to identify the SRET metrics most reliably associated with depression symptoms in three large samples: a college student sample (n = 572), a sample of adults from Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 293), and an adolescent sample from a school field study (n = 408). Across all 3 samples, SRET metrics associated most strongly with depression severity included number of words endorsed as self-descriptive and rate of accumulation of information required to decide whether adjectives were self-descriptive (i.e., drift rate). These metrics had strong intratask and split-half reliability and high test-retest reliability across a 1-week period. Recall of SRET stimuli and traditional reaction time (RT) metrics were not robustly associated with depression severity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
41
|
Holas P, Krejtz I, Rusanowska M, Rohnka N, Nezlek JB. Attention to negative words predicts daily rumination among people with clinical depression: evidence from an eye tracking and daily diary study. Cogn Emot 2018; 33:1277-1283. [PMID: 30376754 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1541168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined relationships between attention to negative words and daily rumination and daily adjustment in a sample of clinically depressed individuals. We recorded eye movements of 43 individuals diagnosed with major depression while they were freely viewing dysphoric, threat-related, neutral, and positive words. Then, each day for one week, participants provided measures of their daily rumination and psychological adjustment. Multilevel analyses found that attention to dysphoric and threat-related words was positively related to daily rumination and attention to threat-related words was negatively related to daily adjustment. These findings suggest that the impaired ability to disengage from negative words is positively related to rumination in daily life and is negatively related to well-being, as defined in terms of Beck's Triad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Holas
- a Faculty of Psychology , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Izabela Krejtz
- b Psychology Department , SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Natalia Rohnka
- b Psychology Department , SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Warsaw , Poland
| | - John B Nezlek
- d Department of Psychology , SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Poznań , Poland.,e Department of Psychology , College of William & Mary , Williamsburg , VA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dainer-Best J, Shumake JD, Beevers CG. Positive imagery training increases positive self-referent cognition in depression. Behav Res Ther 2018; 111:72-83. [PMID: 30321746 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Depressed adults often show a bias towards negative self-referent processing at the expense of positive self-referent processing. The current study assessed whether a mental imagery intervention (Positive Self Reference Training-PSRT) delivered via the Internet could improve self-referent processing and depressive symptomatology among adults with moderate or greater depression symptoms. Participants were recruited via online methods and randomly assigned to one of two computerized interventions: active PSRT (n=44) or control training (NTC; n=43). The PSRT involved visualizing the self in response to different positive cues (e.g., an achievement) every other day for two weeks. The NTC provided neutral cues about objects. Self-referential processing of positive and negative adjectives and depression symptoms were measured at baseline, one week, and two weeks after initiating training. Over those two weeks, PSRT participants showed a greater increase in positive self-referent processing than did NTC participants. Negative self-referent processing and symptoms of depression declined comparably in both groups. Similarly, for both groups, increase in positive and decrease in negative self-referent processing was associated with a greater reduction in depression. These results indicate that mental imagery has the potential to improve self-referential processing, especially for positive stimuli, which may, in turn, help reduce depressive symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St.; Stop E9000; Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Jason D Shumake
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St.; Stop E9000; Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St.; Stop E9000; Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dainer-Best J, Disner SG, McGeary JE, Hamilton BJ, Beevers CG. Negative self-referential processing is associated with genetic variation in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR): Evidence from two independent studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198950. [PMID: 29897965 PMCID: PMC5999110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research examined whether carriers of the short 5-HTTLPR allele (in SLC6A4), who have been shown to selectively attend to negative information, exhibit a bias towards negative self-referent processing. The self-referent encoding task (SRET) was used to measure self-referential processing of positive and negative adjectives. Ratcliff's diffusion model isolated and extracted decision-making components from SRET responses and reaction times. Across the initial (N = 183) and replication (N = 137) studies, results indicated that short 5-HTTLPR allele carriers more easily categorized negative adjectives as self-referential (i.e., higher drift rate). Further, drift rate was associated with recall of negative self-referential stimuli. Findings across both studies provide further evidence that genetic variation may contribute to the etiology of negatively biased processing of self-referent information. Large scale studies examining the genetic contributions to negative self-referent processing may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - John E. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Bethany J. Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Beevers
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marchetti I, Everaert J, Dainer-Best J, Loeys T, Beevers CG, Koster EHW. Specificity and overlap of attention and memory biases in depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:404-412. [PMID: 28850855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional and memory biases are viewed as crucial cognitive processes underlying symptoms of depression. However, it is still unclear whether these two biases are uniquely related to depression or whether they show substantial overlap. METHODS We investigated the degree of specificity and overlap of attentional and memory biases for depressotypic stimuli in relation to depression and anxiety by means of meta-analytic commonality analysis. By including four published studies, we considered a pool of 463 healthy and subclinically depressed individuals, different experimental paradigms, and different psychological measures. RESULTS Memory bias is reliably and strongly related to depression and, specifically, to symptoms of negative mood, worthlessness, feelings of failure, and pessimism. Memory bias for negative information was minimally related to anxiety. Moreover, neither attentional bias nor the overlap between attentional and memory biases were significantly related to depression. LIMITATIONS Limitations include cross-sectional nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that, across different paradigms and psychological measures, memory bias (and not attentional bias) represents a primary mechanism in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marchetti
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several lines of evidence suggest a perturbed sense of self in people who attempt suicide, but it has rarely been experimentally studied. Here, we aimed to explore in this population the narrative self through explicit self-perception and the self-reference effect in memory. METHODS Forty-seven patients with a mood disorder, including 20 with a personal history of suicide attempt, completed a self-referential task. During the encoding phase, they were presented with personality traits and had to successively judge whether each trait described themselves ("self condition") or was a desirable trait, in general ("general condition"). Then, they were unexpectedly asked to retrieve as many previously presented traits as possible (free recall phase). RESULTS Suicide attempters did not differ from non-attempter patients in any self-reference measures. Moreover, none of these measures correlated with current suicidal ideas. During the encoding phase, patients in both groups attributed negative traits to themselves more often than they considered them to be desirable, in general, with an opposite pattern for positive traits. The number of negative traits during the self but not the general condition was correlated with depression, anxiety, and mental pain levels, whereas depression and mental pain levels were correlated with suicidal ideas. No self-reference effect in memory was found. CONCLUSIONS Overall, measures of the narrative self were not directly associated with suicidality. However, biased self-perception was related to painful and depressive feelings, which were in turn related to suicidal ideas. More research on self-related processing during the suicidal process is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jollant
- a Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies , McGill University , Montréal , Canada.,b Department of Psychiatry , Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes , Nîmes , France.,c Sainte-Anne Hospital , Paris , France.,d Faculty of Medicine , Paris-Descartes University , Paris , France.,e Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN) , Université Paris Descartes , PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris , France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- d Faculty of Medicine , Paris-Descartes University , Paris , France.,e Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN) , Université Paris Descartes , PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris , France.,f AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé , Paris , France
| | - Philippe Fossati
- g Faculté de Médecine , Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,h Equipe Neurosciences Sociales & Affectives , Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), UMR 7225/UMR_S 1127 , Paris , France.,i AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Service de Psychiatrie d'Adultes , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dainer-Best J, Trujillo LT, Schnyer DM, Beevers CG. Sustained engagement of attention is associated with increased negative self-referent processing in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychol 2017; 129:231-241. [PMID: 28893596 PMCID: PMC5673529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the link between self-reference and attentional engagement in adults with (n=22) and without (HC; n=24) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants completed the Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET). MDD participants endorsed significantly fewer positive words and more negative words as self-descriptive than HC participants. A whole-scalp data analysis technique revealed that the MDD participants had larger difference wave (negative words minus positive words) ERP amplitudes from 380 to 1000ms across posterior sites, which positively correlated with number of negative words endorsed. No group differences were observed for earlier attentional components (P1, P2). The results suggest that among adults with MDD, negative stimuli capture attention during later information processing; this engagement is associated with greater self-referent endorsement of negative adjectives. Sustained cognitive engagement for self-referent negative stimuli may be an important target for neurocognitive depression interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
| | | | - David M Schnyer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Woody ML, Miskovic V, Owens M, James KM, Feurer C, Sosoo EE, Gibb BE. Competition Effects in Visual Cortex Between Emotional Distractors and a Primary Task in Remitted Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:396-403. [PMID: 28920096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional biases, particularly difficulty inhibiting attention to negative stimuli, are implicated in risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study examined a neural measure of attentional bias using a continuous index of visuocortical engagement (steady-state visual evoked potentials [SSVEPs]) before and after a negative mood induction in a population at high-risk for MDD recurrence due to a recently remitted MDD (rMDD) episode. Additionally, we examined working memory (WM) capacity as a potential moderator of the link between rMDD and visuocortical responses. METHODS Our sample consisted of 27 women with rMDD and 28 never-depressed women. To assess attentional inhibition to emotional stimuli, we measured frequency-tagged SSVEPs evoked from spatially superimposed task-relevant stimuli and emotional distractors (facial displays of emotion) oscillating at distinct frequencies. WM capacity was assessed during a visuospatial memory task. RESULTS Women with rMDD, relative to never-depressed women, displayed difficulty inhibiting attention to all emotional distractors before a negative mood induction, with the strongest effect for negative distractors (sad faces). Following the mood induction, rMDD women's attention to emotional distractors remained largely unchanged. Among women with rMDD, lower WM capacity predicted greater difficulty inhibiting attention to negative and neutral distractors. CONCLUSIONS By exploiting the phenomenon of oscillatory resonance in the visual cortex, we tracked competition in neural responses for spatially superimposed stimuli differing in valence. Results demonstrated that women with rMDD display impaired attentional inhibition of emotional distractors independent of state mood and that this bias is strongest among those with lower WM capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Woody
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY).,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - Max Owens
- University of South Florida St. Petersburg
| | - Kiera M James
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY)
| | - Cope Feurer
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY)
| | | | - Brandon E Gibb
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY)
| |
Collapse
|