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Kang H, Wang Q, Yu H, Guo Q, Weber LI, Wu W, Lepp D, Cui SW, Diarra MS, Liu H, Shao S, Gong J. Validating the use of a newly developed cinnamaldehyde product in commercial broiler production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103625. [PMID: 38507831 PMCID: PMC10966097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as an alternative to antibiotics for animal production. In the current study, 4 trials were conducted on a commercial broiler farm to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of an encapsulated cinnamon EO product (NE-OFF) on the bird growth performance, gut health, and gene expression in the ileum, spleen, and liver relating to the host response to heat and other stresses, including potential NE challenge. In each trial, approximately 30,000 Cobb or Ross broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments: a raised without antibiotics (RWA) commercial diet as positive control, an adjusted RWA commercial diet as negative control, and the negative control diet supplemented with 2 different dosages of NE-OFF, which was added during feed pelleting. Although the final average body weight did not differ significantly among treatment groups, birds fed NE-OFF had an increased ratio of villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum, and reduced fecal oocyst counts. Trial 2 was conducted in the summer and had a necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreak. The supplementation of NE-OFF reduced the NE incidence and bird mortality. The samples from Trial 2 were hence selected for the analyses of Clostridium perfringens and NetB toxin gene abundance in the ileum, and host responses. The C. perfringens population appeared to be positively correlated with the NetB gene abundance. The gene expression analysis suggested that NE-OFF supplementation improved nutrient absorption and transportation as well as antioxidant activities to help the birds against stress. These on-farm trial results support the hypothesis that the use of NE-OFF as a feed additive can improve bird gut health and performance in commercial broiler production, especially for preventing NE outbreaks when birds are under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qian Guo
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - LIoyd Weber
- LEL Farms Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, N1L 1G3 Canada
| | - Wendy Wu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada.
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Wang X, Xie W, Cai L, Han C, Kuang H, Shao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Li J, Cui W, Jiang Y, Tang L. Microencapsulated Limosilactobacillus reuteri Encoding Lactoferricin-Lactoferrampin Targeted Intestine against Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:5141. [PMID: 38140400 PMCID: PMC10745908 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects both humans and animals and develops acute gastroenteritis. As porcine intestines are relatively similar to the human ones due to their relatively similar sizes and structural similarity, S. typhimurium causes analogous symptoms in both. Novel strategies for controlling S. typhimurium infection are also desired, such as mucosal-targeted delivery of probiotics and antimicrobial peptides. The bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin-encoding Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR-LFCA) strain improves intestinal barrier function by strengthening the intestinal barrier. Weaned piglets were selected for oral administration of microencapsulated LR-LFCA (microcapsules entrap LR-LFCA into gastro-resistant polymers) and then infected with S. typhimurium for 3 days. We found that orally administering microencapsulated LR-LFCA to weaned piglets attenuated S. typhimurium-induced production of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, microencapsulated LR-LFCA administration significantly suppressed the oxidative stress that may correlate with gut microbiota (reduced Salmonella population and increased α-diversity and Lactobacillus abundance) and intestinal function (membrane transport and metabolism). Our work demonstrated that microencapsulated LR-LFCA effectively targeted intestine delivery of Lactobacillus and antimicrobial peptides and modulated gut microbiota and mucosal immunity. This study reveals a novel targeting mucosal strategy against S. typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weichun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Limeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Chuang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Hongdi Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yilan Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Senhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Ye J, Fan Q, Lin X, Gou Z, Azzam MM, Wang Y, Jiang S. Transcriptome and proteome profile of jejunum in chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium revealed the effects of dietary bilberry anthocyanin on immune function. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266977. [PMID: 38053560 PMCID: PMC10694457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigated the effects of bilberry anthocyanin (BA) on immune function when alleviating Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in chickens. Methods A total of 180 newly hatched yellow-feathered male chicks were assigned to three groups (CON, SI, and SI + BA). Birds in CON and SI were fed a basal diet, and those in SI + BA were supplemented with 100 mg/kg BA for 18 days. Birds in SI and SI + BA received 0.5 ml suspension of S. Typhimurium (2 × 109 CFU/ml) by oral gavage at 14 and 16 days of age, and those in CON received equal volumes of sterile PBS. Results At day 18, (1) dietary BA alleviated weight loss of chickens caused by S. Typhimurium infection (P < 0.01). (2) Supplementation with BA reduced the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.01) and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05) and increased the number of goblet cells (P < 0.01) and the expression of MUC2 (P < 0.05) in jejunal mucosa, compared with birds in SI. (3) Supplementation with BA decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of immunoglobulins and cytokines in plasma (IgA, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-β) and jejunal mucosa (IgG, IgM, sIgA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ) of S. Typhimurium-infected chickens. (4) BA regulated a variety of biological processes, especially the defense response to bacteria and humoral immune response, and suppressed cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways by downregulating 6 immune-related proteins. Conclusion In summary, the impaired growth performance and disruption of jejunal morphology caused by S. Typhimurium were alleviated by dietary BA by affecting the expression of immune-related genes and proteins, and signaling pathways are related to immune response associated with immune cytokine receptors and production in jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Marcolla CS, Ju T, Willing BP. Cecal Microbiota Development and Physiological Responses of Broilers Following Early Life Microbial Inoculation Using Different Delivery Methods and Microbial Sources. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0027123. [PMID: 37098952 PMCID: PMC10231219 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00271-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Broilers in intensive systems may lack commensal microbes that have coevolved with chickens in nature. This study evaluated the effects of microbial inocula and delivery methods applied to day-old chicks on the development of the cecal microbiota. Specifically, chicks were inoculated with cecal contents or microbial cultures, and the efficacies of three delivery methods (oral gavage, spraying inoculum into the bedding, and cohousing) were evaluated. Also, a competitive study evaluated the colonization ability of bacteria sourced from extensive or intensive poultry production systems. The microbiota of inoculated birds presented higher phylogenetic diversity values (PD) and higher relative abundance values of Bacteroidetes, compared with a control. Additionally, a reduction in the ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio and increased cecal IL-6, IL-10, propionate, and valerate concentrations were observed in birds that were inoculated with cecal contents. Across the experiments, the chicks in the control groups presented higher relative abundance values of Escherichia/Shigella than did the inoculated birds. Specific microbes from intensively or extensively raised chickens were able to colonize the ceca, and inocula from intensive production systems promoted higher relative abundance values of Escherichia/Shigella. We concluded that Alistipes, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Mediterranea, Parabacteroides, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium are effective colonizers of the broiler ceca. In addition, oral gavage, spray, and cohousing can be used as delivery methods for microbial transplantation, as indicated by their effects on the cecal microbiota, intestinal morphology, short-chain fatty acids concentration, and cytokine/chemokine levels. These findings will guide future research on the development of next-generation probiotics that are able to colonize and persist in the chicken intestinal tract after a single exposure. IMPORTANCE The strict biosecurity procedures employed in the poultry industry may inadvertently hinder the transmission of beneficial commensal bacteria that chickens would encounter in natural environments. This research aims at identifying bacteria that can colonize and persist in the chicken gut after a single exposure. We evaluated different microbial inocula that were obtained from healthy adult chicken donors as well as three delivery methods for their effects on microbiota composition and bird physiology. In addition, we conducted a competitive assay to test the colonization abilities of bacteria sourced from intensively versus extensively raised chickens. Our results indicated that some bacteria are consistently increased in birds that are exposed to microbial inoculations. These bacteria can be isolated and employed in future research on the development of next-generation probiotics that contain species that are highly adapted to the chicken gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. Marcolla
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Li L, Yin F, Wang X, Yang C, Yu H, Lepp D, Wang Q, Lessard M, Lo Verso L, Mondor M, Yang C, Nie S, Gong J. Microencapsulation protected Lactobacillus viability and its activity in modulating the intestinal microbiota in newly weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad193. [PMID: 37403537 PMCID: PMC10516462 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are sensitive to heat, which limits their application as probiotics in livestock production. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB1 was previously shown to reduce enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Salmonella infections in pigs. To investigate its potential in the application, the bacterium was microencapsulated and examined for its survival from feed pelleting and long-term storage as well as its function in modulating pig intestinal microbiota. The in vitro studies showed that freshly microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB1 had viable counts of 9.03 ± 0.049 log10 colony-forming units/g, of which only 0.06 and 0.87 Log of viable counts were reduced after storage at 4 and 22 °C for 427 d. The viable counts of encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB1 were 1.06 and 1.54 Log higher in the pelleted and mash feed, respectively, than the non-encapsulated form stored at 22 °C for 30 d. In the in vivo studies, 80 piglets (weaned at 21 d of age) were allocated to five dietary treatments for a 10-d growth trial. The dietary treatments were the basal diet (CTL) and basal diet combined with either non-encapsulated LB1 (NEP), encapsulated LB1 (EP), bovine colostrum (BC), or a combination of encapsulated LB1 and bovine colostrum (EP-BC). The results demonstrated that weaning depressed feed intake and reduced growth rates in pigs of all the treatments during 21 to 25 d of age; however, the body weight gain was improved during 25 to 31 d of age in all groups with the numerically highest increase in the EP-BC-fed pigs during 21 to 31 d of age. Dietary treatments with EP, particularly in combination with BC, modulated pig intestinal microbiota, including an increase in Lactobacillus relative abundance. These results suggest that microencapsulation can protect Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB1 against cell damage from a high temperature during processing and storage and there are possible complementary effects between EP and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fugui Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luca Lo Verso
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Mondor
- St-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Lactobacilli, a Weapon to Counteract Pathogens through the Inhibition of Their Virulence Factors. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0027222. [PMID: 36286515 PMCID: PMC9664955 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00272-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several studies have reported an alarming increase in pathogen resistance to current antibiotic therapies and treatments. Therefore, the search for effective alternatives to counter their spread and the onset of infections is becoming increasingly important.
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Yuan X, Xue H, Xu X, Jiao X, Pan Z, Zhang Y. Closely related Salmonella Derby strains triggered distinct gut microbiota alteration. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:6. [PMID: 35078518 PMCID: PMC8787955 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Salmonella Derby is one of the most predominant Salmonella serotypes that seriously threatens food safety. This bacterium can be further differentiated to sub-populations with different population sizes; however, whether and how the S. Derby–gut microbiota interactions affect epidemic patterns of S. Derby sub-populations remain largely unknown.
Results
We selected two representative strains, 14T and 14C, which represent rarely distributed and prevalent sub-populations of the S. Derby ST40 group, respectively, to address this question using a mouse model. Effects of oral administration of both strains was monitored for 14 days. Alpha diversity of gut microbiota at early stages of infection (4 h post infection) was higher in 14C-treated mice and lower in 14T-treated mice compared with controls. Strain 14T triggered stronger inflammation responses but with lower pathogen titer in spleen compared with strain 14C at 14 days post infection. Certain known probiotic bacteria that can hinder colonization of Salmonella, such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae, exhibited increased relative abundance in 14T-treated mice compared with 14C-treated mice. Our results also demonstrated that Ligilactobacillus strains isolated from gut microbiota showed stronger antagonistic activity against strain 14T compared with strain 14C.
Conclusions
We identified how S. Derby infection affected gut microbiota composition, and found that the 14T strain, which represented a rarely distributed S. Derby sub-population, triggered stronger host inflammation responses and gut microbiota disturbance compared with the 14C strain, which represented a prevalent S. Derby sub-population. This study provides novel insights on the impacts of gut microbiota on the epidemic patterns of Salmonella populations.
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Hai D, Kong LY, Lu ZX, Huang XQ, Bie XM. Inhibitory effect of different chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria isolates on drug resistant Salmonella SE47 isolated from eggs. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:54-63. [PMID: 33765334 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) regulate and maintain the stability of healthy microbial flora, inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria and promote the colonization of beneficial micro-organisms. The drug resistance and pathogenicity of Salmonella enteritis SE47 isolated from retail eggs were investigated. Meanwhile, Enterococcus faecalis L76 and Lactobacillus salivarius LAB35 were isolated from intestine of chicken. With SE47 as indicator bacteria, the diameters of L76 and LAB35 inhibition zones were 12 mm and 8·5 mm, respectively, by agar inhibition circle method, which indicated that both of them had inhibitory effect on Salmonella, and L76 had better antibacterial effect; two chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria isolates and Salmonella SE47 were incubated with Caco-2. The adhesion index of L76 was 17·5%, which was much higher than that of LAB35 (10·21%) and SE47 (4·89%), this experiment shows that the higher the bacteriostatic effect of potential probiotics, the stronger the adhesion ability; then Caco-2 cells were incubated with different bacteria, and the survival of Caco-2 cells was observed by flow cytometry. Compared with Salmonella SE47, the results showed that lactic acid bacteria isolates could effectively protect Caco-2 cells; finally, after different bacteria incubated Caco-2 cells, according to the cytokine detection kit, the RNA of Caco-2 cells was extracted and transcribed into cDNA, then detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, the results showed that L76 could protect Caco-2 cells from the invasion of Salmonella SE47, with less cell membrane rupture and lower expression of MIF and TNF genes. Therefore, the lactic acid bacteria isolates can effectively inhibit the adhesion of Salmonella and protect the integrity of intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Kong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X M Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed M, Shehata AA, Mohamed Ammar A, Allam TS, Ali AS, Ahmed RH, Abeer Mohammed AB, Tarabees R. The beneficial effects of a multistrain potential probiotic, formic, and lactic acids with different vaccination regimens on broiler chickens challenged with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2850-2857. [PMID: 34012326 PMCID: PMC8116971 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a multistrain potential probiotic (Protexin®), acids, and a bacterin from multidrug-resistant E. coli O26, O78, S. Enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m1,7), and S. Typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) on the immune response, haematological parameters, cytokines, and growth parameters of broiler chickens challenged with bacterin live serotypes were investigated. Two experiments were designed using 300 one-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) randomly assigned to 15 groups. The first experiment comprised 9 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC), either alone or in combination, on the 1st day. The second experiment contained 6 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received a combination of Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.5 ml/SC) on the 8th day. All the groups except the negative control groups were challenged on the 8th and 16th days in both experiments, respectively, with mixed live bacterin serotypes. The groups that received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin either alone or in combination revealed significant improvements in the immune response to the bacterin (p ≤ 0.05). The groups in the 1st experiment and most the 2nd experiment groups showed a reduced mortality rate and decreased levels IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, these groups demonstrated increases in haematological parameters and reduced rates of infection-caused anaemia. These groups showed significant increases in growth performance parameters, such as body weight, weight gain, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05). There was a beneficial effect on 1-day-old chickens produced by combining Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Awad A Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Allam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Ali
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Ahmed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - A B Abeer Mohammed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Reda Tarabees
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
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Shi H, Deng X, Deng Q, Liu Z, Liu N. Probiotic Lactobacilli Improved Growth Performance and Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Via Jak/Stat Signaling in Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Shi
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China; University of Georgia, USA
| | - X Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, China
| | - Q Deng
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Z Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - N Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, China
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11
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Šefcová M, Larrea-Álvarez M, Larrea-Álvarez C, Karaffová V, Revajová V, Gancarčíková S, Ševčíková Z, Herich R. Lactobacillus fermentum Administration Modulates Cytokine Expression and Lymphocyte Subpopulation Levels in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Campylobacter coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:485-493. [PMID: 31977245 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation was performed to assess the supplementation of probiotics on cytokine expression and lymphocyte subpopulation in Campylobacter coli challenged chickens. Thirty-six individuals were equally separated into four experimental treatments: C = untreated chickens, LB = probiotic control (Lactobacillus fermentum), Cc = Campylobacter-challenged control, LBCc = probiotic + Cc. All chicks were slaughtered and cecum samples were collected on day 4 postinfection. Gene expression analysis, using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), revealed significant differences in cytokine transcript expression between untreated and probiotic-treated chickens. In addition, flow cytometry was used to quantitate the levels of lymphocyte subpopulations. Principal component analysis showed that probiotic administration induced an overall downregulation of cytokine expression. C. coli exposure provoked a similar response to that of L. fermentum but to a lesser extent. Colonization of C. coli in the presence of the probiotic evoked a complex response with an upregulation of some type II cytokines, including interleukin IL-4 and IL-13, which could explain the increased presence of antibodies in both lamina propria and epithelium. Moreover, despite that the percentage of CD8 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) was found to be higher, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-15, IL-16, and interferon γ was observed. This suggests that the detected CD8 are not effector cells but induced IELs, which release antimicrobial peptides, and are ready to be primed upon encountering antigen. These outcomes demonstrate that probiotic administration promotes a humoral response to a C. coli infection while dampening any potential inflammation mediated by effector T cells in 1-week-old chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Šefcová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Urcuquí-Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - César Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Urcuquí-Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Viera Karaffová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
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12
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Lactobacillus reuteri Enhances the Mucosal Barrier Function against Heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium in the Intestine of Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:148-159. [PMID: 32461730 PMCID: PMC7248004 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection in chickens inhibits their growth and can lead to food-borne diseases in humans. Probiotics are expected to enhance the function of host intestinal barrier against pathogen infection. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of viable Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) on the response of the mucosal barrier function to antigen stimulation in broiler chicks. Day-old male (n=8) and female (n=4) broiler chicks were orally administered either 1 × 108 LR or a water-only control, every day for 7 days. After 7 days, either 1 × 108 heat-killed ST (k-ST), or a buffer-only control, was administered via intra-cardiac injection. The ileum and cecum were collected 3 h post-injection, and paraffin sections were prepared for either mRNA extraction (males), or gut permeability tests (females). Villus and crypt lengths were determined via histological analysis. Real-time PCR was used to calculate expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, avian β-defensins, and tight-junction-associated molecules. Gut permeability was assessed using the inverted intestine method. We found that (1) expression of TLR2-1, TLR21, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were reduced following k-ST stimulation, but were unaffected by LR-treatment; (2) oral administration of LR led to increased Claudin1, Claudin5, ZO2, and JAM2 expression following k-ST stimulation; (3) cecal permeability was reduced by co-treatment with LR and k-ST, but not by treatment with LR or k-ST alone. These results suggest that LR, as used in this study, may enhance the intestinal mucosal physical barrier function, but not the expression of other immune-related factors in newly hatched chicks.
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El-Shall NA, Awad AM, El-Hack MEA, Naiel MAE, Othman SI, Allam AA, Sedeik ME. The Simultaneous Administration of a Probiotic or Prebiotic with Live Salmonella Vaccine Improves Growth Performance and Reduces Fecal Shedding of the Bacterium in Salmonella-Challenged Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:E70. [PMID: 31906020 PMCID: PMC7023486 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in poultry, causing heavy economic losses, increased mortality and reduced production. The aim of this study was the comparative efficacy of a commercial probiotic and/or prebiotic with a live attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vaccine on the protection of broiler chickens from SE challenge. The efficacy of probiotic or prebiotic products, as well as a live Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vaccine at the 7th day of age, administered via drinking water, were evaluated for clinical protection and effects on growth performance of broiler chickens experimentally challenged with SE at the 28th day of age. The use of probiotic or prebiotic simultaneously with the live Salmonella vaccine can diminish the negative effect of live vaccine growth performance, reducing mortality rate, fecal shedding, and re-isolation of SE from liver, spleen, heart and cecum. The use of probiotic or prebiotic simultaneously with the application of the live Salmonella vaccine is a good practice to diminish the negative effect of the harmful bacteria and improve the growth performance of broilers. Thus, further studies may be carried out with layers and breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf M. Awad
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
| | | | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Sarah I. Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, BO. Box 24428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud E. Sedeik
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
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14
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Astill J, Kulkarni RR, Read LR, Najarian A, Farber JM, Sharif S. In vitro assessment of immunomodulatory and anti-Campylobacter activities of probiotic lactobacilli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17903. [PMID: 31784645 PMCID: PMC6884649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus spp. (L. salivarius, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. crispatus, and L. gasseri) against Campylobacter jejuni as well as their immunomodulatory capabilities. The results demonstrated that lactobacilli exhibit differential antagonistic effects against C. jejuni and vary in their ability to elicit innate responses in chicken macrophages. All lactobacilli exerted inhibitory effects on C. jejuni growth, abrogated the production of the quorum sensing molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) by C. jejuni and inhibited the invasion of C. jejuni in human intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, all lactobacilli, except L. reuteri, significantly reduced the expression of virulence-related genes in C. jejuni, including genes responsible for motility (flaA, flaB, and flhA), invasion (ciaB), and AI-2 production (luxS). All lactobacilli enhanced C. jejuni phagocytosis by macrophages and increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12p40, IL-10, and chemokine (CXCLi2) in macrophages. Furthermore, L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. crispatus, and a mixture of all lactobacilli significantly increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 in macrophages. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that lactobacilli possess anti-Campylobacter and immunomodulatory activities. Further studies are needed to assess their protective efficacy against intestinal colonization by C. jejuni in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27519, US
| | - Leah R Read
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Najarian
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety (CRIFS), Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety (CRIFS), Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Abstract
Infection with Eimeria sp. results in the activation of multiple facets of the host immune system; the use of phytogenics can modulate the inflammatory response and improve the performance of the challenged animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial blend of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil on the immune response of broilers challenged with coccidiosis. A total of 864 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups (8 pens/treatment and 18 chicks/pen) in a three-by-two factorial design with three additives: control (non-additive), 100 ppm of monensin or 0.15% CNSL-castor oil. Challenge status was determined twice at 14 days of age. Unchallenged birds were inoculated by gavage with oocysts sporulated with Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. Although the positive control (non-additive and challenged) and CNSL-castor oil treatment groups exhibited similar variation in weight gain (ΔBWG) compared to unchallenged birds fed without additives, the variation observed in birds fed diets containing CNSL-castor oil was associated with a higher maintenance requirement and not feed efficiency. In the second week after infection, ΔBWG of the CNSL-castor oil treatment group did not significantly change compared to the other treatment groups. At days 7 and 14 post-challenge, there was a higher excretion of oocysts in the control group, whereas the CNSL-castor oil and monensin groups did not differ. The CNSL-castor oil group exhibited increased gene expression of interferon (IFN), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), while the control group exhibited increased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and IL-1. The heterophils/lymphocyte ratio was low for the monensin treatment group. The unchallenged birds that received monensin treatment presented higher gene expression of IFN, COX and IL-1 compared to the other treatments, while the CNSL-castor oil group exhibited reduced gene expression, except for TNF. The commercial blend of cashew nut liquid and castor oil modulated the inflammatory response against Eimeria spp. In the absence of the parasite, there was no stimulation of genes involved in the inflammatory response, demonstrating that the blend is an effective tool in specifically modulating the immune system of birds afflicted with coccidiosis.
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16
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Adhikari P, Lee CH, Cosby DE, Cox NA, Kim WK. Effect of probiotics on fecal excretion, colonization in internal organs and immune gene expression in the ileum of laying hens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1235-1242. [PMID: 30265331 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of probiotics on Salmonella colonization in the ceca and various internal organs as well as immune response in laying hens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). Thirty-two 46-wk-old White Leghorns (W-36) were housed individually in wired laying cages under 16L:8D lighting schedule. Hens were challenged individually with nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (SENAR) after which time they were grouped into four treatments: T1 = SENAR unchallenged control, T2 = SENAR challenged control, T3 = SENAR challenged + 0.05% probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum), and T4 = SENAR challenged + 0.1% probiotics. All hens, including T1, were euthanized and sampled for the liver with gall bladder (L/GB), ileum, ovary, spleen, and ceca on 7-days post-infection (dpi). Fecal screening was performed on individual hens at both 3 and 6 dpi. No difference was detected between the treatments in cecal SENAR enumeration, and the mean log 10 cfu/gm of SENAR in the ceca was 3.7 for all three treatments. The prevalence of SENAR was lowest for ovary in all treatments and was highest in the spleen. However, there were no significant differences among the treatments in the internal organs. There was no significant difference in the fecal shedding among the treatments on either 3 or 6 dpi, with incidence of positive feces higher at 3 dpi compared to 6 dpi (100 vs. 70% to 80%). SENAR challenge resulted in significant upregulation (P < 0.05) of interleukin (IL)-1β, 6, 10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mRNA expression. Highest level of probiotics resulted in a significant decrease in IFN-γ and elevation of IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression in the ileum. However, IL-1B and TLR-4 gene expression were not different from the SENAR challenge control. This study reveals that there was important regulation of immune genes by probiotics supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - C H Lee
- Genebiotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D E Cosby
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States of America
| | - N A Cox
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States of America
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States of America
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Huang P, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Jiang F, Wang H, Tang D, Liu D, Liu B, Liu Y, He X, Liu H, Liu X, Qing Z, Liu C, Huang J, Ren Y, Yun L, Yin L, Lin Q, Zeng C, Su X, Yuan J, Lin L, Hu N, Cao H, Huang S, Guo Y, Fan W, Zeng J. The chicken gut metagenome and the modulatory effects of plant-derived benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:211. [PMID: 30482240 PMCID: PMC6260706 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-therapeutic antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in the poultry industry; however, the resulting antibiotic resistance threatens public health. A plant-derived growth promoter, Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), with effective ingredients of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, is a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Altered intestinal microbiota play important roles in growth promotion, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. RESULTS We generated 1.64 terabases of metagenomic data from 495 chicken intestinal digesta samples and constructed a comprehensive chicken gut microbial gene catalog (9.04 million genes), which is also the first gene catalog of an animal's gut microbiome that covers all intestinal compartments. Then, we identified the distinctive characteristics and temporal changes in the foregut and hindgut microbiota. Next, we assessed the impact of MCE on chickens and gut microbiota. Chickens fed with MCE had improved growth performance, and major microbial changes were confined to the foregut, with the predominant role of Lactobacillus being enhanced, and the amino acids, vitamins, and secondary bile acids biosynthesis pathways being upregulated, but lacked the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance genes. In comparison, treatment with chlortetracycline similarly enriched some biosynthesis pathways of nutrients in the foregut microbiota, but elicited an increase in antibiotic-producing bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes. CONCLUSION The reference gene catalog of the chicken gut microbiome is an important supplement to animal gut metagenomes. Metagenomic analysis provides insights into the growth-promoting mechanism of MCE, and underscored the importance of utilizing safe and effective growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Kangpeng Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Dazhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Hua Liu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Long Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Xiaogang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Jingyang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Li Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Nanxi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Hualiang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wei Fan
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
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Stromberg ZR, Van Goor A, Redweik GAJ, Mellata M. Characterization of Spleen Transcriptome and Immunity Against Avian Colibacillosis After Immunization With Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine Strains. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:198. [PMID: 30186843 PMCID: PMC6113917 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes extraintestinal infections in poultry. Vaccines targeting APEC in chickens have been partially successful, but many lack heterologous protection. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains can induce broad immunity against Salmonella and be modified to deliver E. coli antigens. Along with vaccine characteristics, understanding the host response is crucial for developing improved vaccines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate host responses to vaccination with an RASV producing E. coli common pilus (ECP) and assess protection against APEC infection in chickens. Four-day-old White Leghorn chickens were unvaccinated or orally vaccinated and boosted 2 weeks later with RASV χ8025(pYA3337), RASV χ8025(pYA4428) carrying ecp operon genes, or a combination of χ8025(pYA3337) and χ8025(pYA4428) (Combo). To assess host responses, serum IgY and intestinal IgA antibody titers were measured, and spleen samples (n = 4/group) were collected from unvaccinated and Combo vaccinated 4-week-old chickens for RNA-seq. Vaccine protection potential against Salmonella and APEC was evaluated in vitro using bacterial inhibition assays. Five-week-old chickens were challenged via air sac with either an APEC O2 or O78 strain. E. coli was enumerated from internal organs, and gross colibacillosis lesions were scored at necropsy. RASV immunized chickens elicited anti-E. coli antibodies. The spleen transcriptome revealed that 93% (89/96) of differentially expressed genes (DEG) were more highly expressed in Combo vaccinated compared to unvaccinated chickens, with signal as the most significantly impacted category. RNA-seq analysis also revealed altered cellular and metabolic processes, response to stimulus after vaccination, and immune system processes. Six DEG including genes linked to transcription regulation, actin cytoskeleton, and signaling were highly positively correlated with antibody levels. Samples from RASV immunized chickens showed protection potential against Salmonella strains using in vitro assays, but a variable response was found for APEC strains. After APEC challenges, significant differences were not detected for bacterial loads or gross lesions scores, but χ8025(pYA3337) immunized and χ8025(pYA4428) immunized chickens had significantly fewer number of APEC-O2-positive samples than unvaccinated chickens. This study shows that RASVs can prime the immune system for APEC infection, and is a first step toward developing improved therapeutics for APEC infections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Graham A J Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Liu H, Gong J, Chabot D, Miller SS, Cui SW, Zhong F, Wang Q. Improved survival of Lactobacillus zeae LB1 in a spray dried alginate-protein matrix. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shojadoost B, Kulkarni RR, Brisbin JT, Quinteiro-Filho W, Alkie TN, Sharif S. Interactions between lactobacilli and chicken macrophages induce antiviral responses against avian influenza virus. Res Vet Sci 2017; 125:441-450. [PMID: 29132684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are an important cell type of the innate immune system that upon activation, can exert antiviral functions and also can induce virus-specific adaptive immune responses. Macrophage interaction with certain probiotic bacteria such as lactobacilli can enhance antiviral functions of these cells. We have previously shown that administration of lactobacilli to chickens can effectively augment immune response to vaccine antigens. Here, we investigated the effects of representative strains of three Lactobacillus species, L. acidophilus, L. reuteri and L. salivarius used alone or in combination, in enhancing antiviral activity of chicken macrophages against avian influenza virus in an in vitro model using MQ-NCSU cells. Treatment of macrophages with probiotic lactobacilli significantly enhanced the antiviral functions, as determined by the virus titration assay. We also found that lactobacilli stimulation of macrophages induced significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)- γ and IFN-α cytokine genes as well as interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF7), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein M3 (IFITM3) genes. Furthermore, macrophages that were treated with lactobacilli had significantly enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and IFN-γ protein as well as surface expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40. However, the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects of probiotic lactobacilli largely depended on the Lactobacillus species studied. Collectively, the results from our study using an in vitro model showed that certain Lactobacillus species can effectively augment antiviral responses in chicken macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Brisbin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Ceva Animal Health Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanderley Quinteiro-Filho
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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The immune-genes regulation mediated mechanisms of probiotics to control salmonella infection in chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhao X, Yang J, Wang L, Lin H, Sun S. Protection Mechanism of Clostridium butyricum against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1523. [PMID: 28848530 PMCID: PMC5552664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the protection mechanism of oral administration of Clostridium butyricum against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization in broilers. In the current study, 180 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were meanly grouped into three, with three replicates of 20 birds each. An negative control group was fed basal diet without SE challenge and a positive control (PC) group was fed the basal diet and challenged with SE [106 colony forming unit (CFU)/0.2 mL]. An experimental (EXP) group was fed the basal diet, orally administered with C. butyricum (106 CFU/mL) and challenged with SE (106 CFU/0.2 mL). The results showed that compared to the PC group, the SE loads in livers, spleens, and cecal contents of chickens in EXP group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) except in spleens at the 2-day post-infection; the production of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the livers, spleens, and cecal tissues of chickens in EXP group were decreased to different extents. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction further revealed that the inflammation of chickens in EXP group was alleviated by C. butyricum via down-regulating TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB-dependent pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that oral administration of C. butyricum could be a suitable alternative for preventing SE infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
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Colonisation of poultry by Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 is reduced by combined administration of Lactobacillus salivarius 59 and Enterococcus faecium PXN-33. Vet Microbiol 2016; 199:100-107. [PMID: 28110775 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis remains a significant issue within the poultry industry and one potential solution is to use probiotic bacteria to prevent Salmonella colonisation through competitive exclusion (CE). We demonstrate that combined administration of Lactobacillus salivarius 59 and Enterococcus faecium PXN33 were effective competitive excluders of Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 in poultry. Two models were developed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic where birds received Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 by a) oral gavage and b) sentinel bird to bird transmission. A statistically significant (p<0.001) 2 log reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 colonisation was observed in the ileum, caecum and colon at day 43 using combined administration of the two probiotic bacteria. However, no Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 colonisation reduction was observed when either probiotic was administered individually. In the sentinel bird model the combined probiotic administered at days 12 and 20 was more effective than one-off or double administrations at age 1 and 12days. In vitro cell free culture supernatant studies suggest the mechanism of Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 inhibition was due to a reduction in pH by the probiotic bacteria. Our current study provides further evidence that probiotics can significantly reduce pathogenic bacterial colonisation in poultry and that mixed preparation of probiotics provide superior performance when compared to individual bacterial preparations.
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