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de Morais Valentim JMB, Coradi C, Viana NP, Fagundes TR, Micheletti PL, Gaboardi SC, Fadel B, Pizzatti L, Candiotto LZP, Panis C. Glyphosate as a Food Contaminant: Main Sources, Detection Levels, and Implications for Human and Public Health. Foods 2024; 13:1697. [PMID: 38890925 PMCID: PMC11171990 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum pesticide that has become the most widely used herbicide globally. However, concerns have risen regarding its potential health impacts due to food contamination. Studies have detected glyphosate in human blood and urine samples, indicating human exposure and its persistence in the organism. A growing body of literature has reported the health risks concerning glyphosate exposure, suggesting that the daily intake of contaminated food and water poses a public health concern. Furthermore, countries with high glyphosate usage and lenient regulations regarding food and water contamination may face more severe consequences. In this context, in this review, we examined the literature regarding food contamination by glyphosate, discussed its detection methods, and highlighted its risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Coradi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Tatiane Renata Fagundes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes 86360-000, Brazil;
| | - Pâmela Lonardoni Micheletti
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Blumenau 89070-270, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fadel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IQ-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (B.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciana Pizzatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IQ-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (B.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciano Zanetti Pessoa Candiotto
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Carolina Panis
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
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Wang Q, Wang M, Jia M, She Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Abd El-Aty AM. Development of a specific and sensitive method for the detection of glyphosate pesticide and its metabolite in tea using dummy molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464209. [PMID: 37453174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, and its primary metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid have been found to cause environmental and ecological issues and threaten human health. The conventional pretreatment method was insufficient for the extraction, concentration, and enrichment of trace substances, resulting in poor specificity. Thus, our objective was to develop a method for glyphosate pesticide detection using dummy molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (DMI-SPE) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (DMI-SPE-LC/MS/MS). The sol-gel method was used to prepare the molecularly imprinted material, using glyphosine as the dummy template molecule, to achieve specific adsorption to glyphosate and reduce costs. The optimized polymerization conditions achieved maximum adsorption of 28.6 µg/mg glyphosate by the molecularly imprinted material. The established DMI-SPE-LC/MS/MS method was used to detect glyphosate and its metabolite (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid in tea. The concentration ranges of glyphosate and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (from 0.05 to 4 µg/mL) were linear with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.991, respectively. The recoveries of (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid at three spiked levels ranged from 79.95% to 83.74%, with RSDs between 6.40% and 7.45%, while the recoveries of glyphosate ranged from 98.69% to 106.26%, with RSDs between 0.91% and 1.18%. Our results demonstrate that the developed DMI-SPE-LC/MS/MS method achieves high sensitivity and specific detection of glyphosate and its metabolite (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid in tea matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China; College of Biological and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Minghong Jia
- College of Biological and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Rachmawati A, Sanjaya AR, Putri YMTA, Gunlazuardi J, Ivandini TA. An acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor for isoprocarb using a gold nanoparticles-polyaniline modified graphite pencil electrode. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:911-923. [PMID: 36821076 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
An analysis tool for isoprocarb has been successfully developed as a biosensor system based on enzymatic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by isoprocarb. A gold nanoparticles-polyaniline modified graphite pencil electrode (AuNPs-PANI-GPE) was utilized to detect the change of thiocholine in the presence of isoprocarb. This electrode was prepared by two cyclic voltammetry steps, including the electro-polymerization of aniline on a graphite pencil and the electro-deposition of gold nanoparticles on the polyaniline surface. Characterization performed by SEM-EDX indicates that 8-80 nm size of gold nanoparticles could be deposited on the surface of polyaniline-modified graphite pencil (PANI-GPE). Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry suggested that the active surface area of the prepared electrode was 0.17019 cm2, which was about 4 times higher than (PANI-GPE) and 13 times higher than the unmodified GPE. Furthermore, an oxidation peak of thiocholine could be observed at the modified GPE at a potential of + 0.675 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), formed by an enzymatic reaction of AChE in the presence of acetylthiocholine. This peak current was found to linearly increase with acetylthiocholine concentrations, while in the presence of isoprocarb in a constant concentration of AChE and acetylthiocholine the peak linearly decreases. At the optimum condition of 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 containing 0.1 M KCl; 100 mU/ml AChE; and 1 mM acetylthiocholine chloride in an inhibition and contact time of 25 and 15 min, respectively, a linear calibration curve of isoprocarb in the concentration range of 0.05-1.0 μM could be provided. Estimated limits of detection and quantifications of 0.1615 nM and 0.5382 nM, respectively, with a sensitivity of 1.7771 μA/μM.mm2 could be achieved. Furthermore, an excellent stability for 8 times measurements was observed with an RSD of 4.87%, suggesting that the developed tool is promising for the real detection of isoprocarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rachmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | | | - Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Tribidasari A Ivandini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
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Zhang F, Zhang Q, Liu X, Gao M, Li X, Wang Y, Chang Y, Zhang X, Huo Z, Zhang L, Shan J, Zhu B, Yao W. Human serum lipidomics analysis revealed glyphosate may lead to lipid metabolism disorders and health risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107682. [PMID: 36495677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Industrial workers in glyphosate-based herbicides manufacture are the populations who experience long-term exposure to high glyphosate levels. The impacts of glyphosate on human health are the important public health problem of great concern. Up to date, the potential adverse effects of glyphosate on humans or other mammals have been reported in multiple studies. However, limited research is available on lipid alternations related to human exposure to glyphosate. In fact, the perturbations in some lipid metabolisms have been found in industrial workers in previous work. This study aims to explore the serum lipidomic characterization and to understand the underlying mechanisms of health risks associated with glyphosate exposure. A nontargeted lipidomics study was conducted to investigate the 391 serum samples from the general population and chemical factory workers. It was demonstrated that glyphosate caused significant perturbations of 115 differentially expressed lipids. The main manifestations were the elevation of circulating diacylglycerols (DG), cholesteryl esters (CE), ceramides (Cer), sphingomyelins (SM), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC), and the decrease of ysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), triacylglycerols (TG), fatty acids (FA) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). A total of 88 lipids were further screened as potential lipid biomarkers associated closely with glyphosate using partial correlation analysis, and five of which (including PC 16:0/18:2; O, PC 18:0/18:2; O, PC 18:0/20:4; O, PC O-40:9 and CE 18:3) showed excellent superior performance (AUC = 1) to evaluate and monitor health risks due to glyphosate exposure. The present work discovered glyphosate-induced potential health risks, including chronic hepatic and renal dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases from a lipidomic perspective, and could inform the identification of early indicators and interpretation of biological mechanisms to detect health risks of the glyphosate-exposed populations as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China; Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiulan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Yueyue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization & National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
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Determination of Glyphosate in White and Brown Rice with HPLC-ICP-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228049. [PMID: 36432148 PMCID: PMC9696991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In 2017, the European Commission renewed the approval of glyphosate (GLY) but only for five years. GLY remains one of the most controversial and studied molecules. Method: A simplified method was tested for the determination of GLY in white rice (WR) and brown rice (BR), after extraction only with a methanol solution, by liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled mass triple quadrupole (HPLC-ICP-MS/MS) with a PRP-X100 anionic column. After performing a test on groundwater, the quantification of GLY in WR and BR was validated in terms of the LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, linearity, and the matrix effect. Results: The LOD was 0.0027 mg kg−1 for WR and 0.0136 mg kg−1 for BR. The LOQ was 0.0092 mg kg−1 for WR and 0.0456 mg kg−1 for BR. The mean recoveries were within 76−105% at three fortification levels. The relative standard deviation for the analysis (five replicates for three spike levels) was < 11% for both matrices. A linear response was confirmed in all cases in the entire concentration range (R2WR = 1.000 and R2BR = 0.9818). Conclusion: The proposed method could be considered useful for the determination of GLY in different types of rice and designed and adapted for other cereals. The matrix effect, quantified in BR matrix extraction, could be avoided by using a matrix-matched calibration line.
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Troestch J, Reyes S, Vega A. Determination of Mycotoxin Contamination Levels in Rice and Dietary Exposure Assessment. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:3596768. [PMID: 36091100 PMCID: PMC9463030 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3596768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination by aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone of samples of paddy and polished rice stored in silos located in Chiriquí, Panama, was evaluated. A total of 23 samples were extracted using immunoaffinity columns and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) and post-column photochemical derivatization. For the method used, the detection limits were lower than 0.25 μg/Kg for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) and ochratoxin A and 9.35 μg/Kg for zearalenone; the limits of quantification were between 0.25 and 18.75 μg/Kg, respectively. Of the samples analyzed, all of the paddy rice samples were positive for at least one of the mycotoxins studied, zearalenone being the one found with the highest incidence (90.91%); for the polished rice samples, the mycotoxin with the highest incidence was zearalenone (50%), although in concentrations lower than those established in European legislation (100 μg/Kg). The estimate of the daily zearalenone intake according to the concentrations found was always less than 0.07 μg/Kg/bw. This is the first report on the determination of 6 mycotoxins in rice grains from Panama by the HPLC-FLD methodology. Considering the high incidence of mycotoxins in the analyzed rice samples, regular control in the production process is recommended to improve quality and ascertain its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Troestch
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David 0427, Chiriquí, Panama
| | - Stephany Reyes
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David 0427, Chiriquí, Panama
| | - Aracelly Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David 0427, Chiriquí, Panama
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Gao M, Li X, Wang Y, Chang Y, Zhang X, Huo Z, Zhang L, Shan J, Zhang F, Zhu B, Yao W. The study of human serum metabolome on the health effects of glyphosate and early warning of potential damage. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134308. [PMID: 35302001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicide with high efficiency, low toxicity and broad-spectrum. In recent decades, increasing evidence suggests that glyphosate may cause adverse health effects on human beings. However, until now, there is little data on the human metabolic changes. Since occupational workers are under greater health risks than ordinary people, the understanding regarding the health effects of glyphosate on occupational workers is very important for the early warning of potential damage. In this study, serum metabolic alterations in workers from three chemical factories were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess the potential health risks caused by glyphosate at the molecular level. It was found that the levels of 27 metabolites changed significantly in the exposed group compared to the controls. The altered metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and glutathione metabolism (oxidative stress), etc., indicated a series of changes occur in health profile of the human body after glyphosate exposure, and the suboptimal health status of human may further evolve into various diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, renal and liver dysfunction, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Subsequently, 4 biomarkers (i.e., benzoic acid, 2-ketoisocaproic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, and monoolein) were identified as potential biomarkers related to glyphosate exposure based on the partial correlation analyses, linear regression analyses, and FDR correction. Receiver-operating curve (ROC) analyses manifested that these potential biomarkers and their combinational pattern had good performance and potential clinical value to assess the potential health risk associated with glyphosate exposure while retaining high accuracy. Our findings provided new insights on mechanisms of health effects probably induced by glyphosate, and may be valuable for the health risk assessment of glyphosate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuLan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - MengTing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - YiFei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - YueYue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - XueMeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - ZongLi Huo
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - JinJun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - BaoLi Zhu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - WeiFeng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Santilio A, Girolimetti S, Picardo V. Rapid, sensitive and selective detection of glyphosate in wheat and rice flour using a polar stationary phase by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:184-191. [PMID: 35238722 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive and selective method was studied for the determination of glyphosate in rice and wheat flour using a Raptor Polar column. Samples were extracted with acidified methanol solution. Isotope labeled internal standard was added with the extraction solvent to ensure accurate tracking and quantitation. The glyphosate was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a Raptor Polar column. Method performance was evaluated through a series of parameters that include accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and matrix effect. Mean recoveries for all matrices were within 96-116% at three fortification levels. Precision for replicates was ≤19% relative standard deviation (RSD%) for wheat and ≤9% RSD% for rice across all fortification levels. Linearity was good for both matrices with a correlation coefficient >0.999 and residual <20% in the concentration range 0.025-1 mg kg-1. LOD was 0.005 mg kg-1for both rice and wheat flour and the LOQ was 0.05 mg kg-1for both matrices. The matrix effect was also studied. A successful method for the analysis of glyphosate in wheat and rice flour assure that the criteria of acceptability of the maximum residue levels (MRLs) are insured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santilio
- Department of Environment and Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Girolimetti
- Department of Environment and Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Picardo
- Department of Environment and Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Determination of Glyphosate and AMPA in Food Samples Using Membrane Extraction Technique for Analytes Preconcentration. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010020. [PMID: 35054546 PMCID: PMC8781213 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The method for determining glyphosate (NPG) and its metabolite AMPA (aminomethyl phosphonic acid) in solid food samples using UAE-SLM-HPLC–PDA technique was developed. Firstly, ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UAE) and protein precipitation step were used for the analyte isolation. Then, the supernatant was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in distilled water (100 mL). The obtained solution was alkalized to pH 11 (with 1 M NaOH) and used directly as donor phase in SLM (supported liquid membrane) extraction. The SLM extraction was performed using 2 M NaCl (5 mL) as an acceptor phase. The flow rate of both phases (donor and acceptor) was set at 0.2 mL/min. The membrane extraction took 24 h but did not require any additional workload. Finally, the SLM extracts were analyzed using the HPLC technique with photo-diode array detector (PDA) and an application of pre-column derivatization with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Glyphosate residues were determined in food samples of walnuts, soybeans, barley and lentil samples. The LOD values obtained for the studied food were 0.002 μg g−1 and 0.021 μg g−1 for NPG and AMPA, respectively. Recoveries values ranged from 32% to 69% for NPG, 29% to 56% for AMPA and depended on the type of sample matrix. In the case of buckwheat and rice flour samples, the content of NPG and AMPA was below the detection level of a used analytical method.
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Soares D, Silva L, Duarte S, Pena A, Pereira A. Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food. Foods 2021; 10:2785. [PMID: 34829065 PMCID: PMC8622992 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and glyphosate's safety and health consequences are controversial. Since glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impact that its presence in food can cause in humans. Therefore, this work aims to review the glyphosate use, toxicity and occurrence in diverse food samples, which, in certain cases, occurs at violative levels. The incidence of glyphosate at levels above those legally allowed and the suspected toxic effects of this compound raise awareness regarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Soares
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Liliana Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
- Vasco da Gama Research Center, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - André Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
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Qiao C, Wang C, Pang R, Tian F, Han L, Guo L, Luo J, Li J, Pang T, Xie H, Fang J. Environmental behavior and influencing factors of glyphosate in peach orchard ecosystem. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111209. [PMID: 32891912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, several experiments were carried out to study the environmental behavior and influencing factors of glyphosate (PMG) in peach orchard ecosystem. The results of field experiments showed that PMG and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were detected in peach tree leaves and peach tree fruits, although PMG was only sprayed on the soil. The residues of PMG and AMPA in peach tree leaves were ~0.1 mg/kg and ~0.5 mg/kg and in peach tree fruits were ~0.01 mg/kg and 0.07-0.11 mg/kg, respectively. By conducting a series of laboratory simulation experiments, the environmental factors affecting the degradation of PMG were screened and evaluated. The results showed that PMG metabolized much faster in loess soil than red soil and black soil (with the DT50 of 11.6 days, 62.4 days, and 34.1 days, respectively). By analyzing the basic properties of the soil, we investigated the effects of pH, moisture content, organic matter (exogenous biochar) and ambient temperature using orthogonal experiments, and the results were further confirmed by microbial experiment. The results showed that alkaline conditions (pH = 7.8/9), high water content (25%) and microorganisms could promote the degradation of PMG. Sterile soil environment had a negative impact on the metabolic behavior of PMG to AMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkui Qiao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Rongli Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Fajun Tian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Lijun Han
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hanzhong Xie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Jinbao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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Li C, Begum A, Xue J. Analytical methods to analyze pesticides and herbicides. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1770-1785. [PMID: 32762111 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews studies published in 2019, in the area of analytical techniques for determination of pesticides and herbicides. It should be noted that some of the reports summarized in this review are not directly related to but could potentially be used for water environment studies. Based on different methods, the literatures are organized into six sections, namely extraction methods, electrochemical techniques, spectrophotometric techniques, chemiluminescence and fluorescence methods, chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, and biochemical assays. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Totally 141 research articles have been summarized. The review is divided into six parts. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques are the most widely used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Afruza Begum
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Jinkai Xue
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
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