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Keshani M, Sadeghi N, Tehrani SD, Ahmadi AR, Sharma M. Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil shows no consistent benefits on cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9. [PMID: 39153124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide but there is a variation in its burden across some nations that seems to be related to dietary habits. Mediterranean populations have lower rates of morbidity and mortality from CVD. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched with olive oil on blood lipids, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. METHODS A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL databases until March 2024 was conducted to identify clinical trials studying the effects of MedDiet enriched with olive oil on the aforementioned parameters. RESULTS In total, 3303 records were retrieved. A total of 18 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria after records were screened for eligibility. According to the pooled analysis from the random-effects model, the MedDiet enriched with olive oil significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) compared with the control group (WMD = -2.40 mg/dl; 95%CI, -4.533 to -0.262; P = 0.027). Strong heterogeneity was observed. Sensitivity analysis did not change our results and no significant effect of any trial on the overall effect sizes of all variables were found. There was a concern about the reporting bias for some studies which reported some main outcomes. CONCLUSION MedDiet enriched with olive oil showed no consistent effects on any of the reported markers of cardiovascular health except on TG. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42023424641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Keshani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Narges Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social & Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Azuma N, Saito Y, Nishijima T, Aoki R, Nishihira J. Effect of daily ingestion of Bifidobacterium and dietary fiber on vascular endothelial function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:86-96. [PMID: 37849220 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (GCL2505) improves the intestinal microbiota and reduces human visceral fat. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to examine the effects of inulin, a prebiotic dietary fiber, and GCL2505 on vascular endothelial function in healthy subjects (n = 60). The test drink contained 2.0 g/100 g inulin and 1.0 × 1010 colony-forming units/100 g GCL2505 and was consumed daily for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation was set as the primary endpoint. Subgroup analysis of vascular endothelial function demonstrated a significant increase in the change of flow-mediated dilation (%) from weeks 0 to 12 in the GCL2505 and inulin group (n = 24) compared with the placebo group (n = 23), while an improving trend in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were confirmed. Our results indicated that the test drink had a positive effect on vascular endothelial function and related blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishijima
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Hsu CL, Pei W, Chen TC, Hsu MC, Chen PC, Kuo HM, Hung JF, Chen YJL. Optimized Sugar-Free Citrus Lemon Juice Fermentation Efficiency and the Lipid-Lowering Effects of the Fermented Juice. Nutrients 2023; 15:5089. [PMID: 38140348 PMCID: PMC10745609 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and obesity make humans more prone to cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome diseases, leading to several serious health conditions, including hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and sleep disturbance. This study aimed to explore the hypolipidemic effect of fermented citrus lemon juice using a hyperlipidemic hamster model. The sugar-free lemon juice's fermentation was optimized, and the characteristics of fresh and fermented lemon juice (FLJ) were evaluated and compared, which contained polyphenols and superoxide dismutase-like activity. Results showed that the absorption and utilization efficiency of FLJ was higher compared with the unfermented lemon juice. This study's prefermentation efficiency evaluation found that 21-30 days of bacterial DMS32004 and DMS32005 fermentation of fresh lemon juice provided the best fermentation benefits, and 21-day FLJ was applied as a remedy after the efficiency compassion. After six weeks of feeding, the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) values in the blood and liver of the FLJ treatment groups were decreased compared with the high-fat diet (HFD) group. In addition, the blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly reduced in the FLJ treatment groups compared with the HFD group. In contrast, the blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) to LDL-C ratio increased considerably in the FLJ treatment groups, and the total to HDL ratio was significantly lower than in the HFD group. Compared with the HFD group, the TC content in the FLJ treatment groups' feces increased significantly. This study demonstrated that the sugar-free fermentation method and fermentation cycle management provided FLJ with the potential to regulate blood lipids. Further research and verification will be carried out to isolate specific substances from the FLJ and identify their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lu Hsu
- College of Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan; (C.-L.H.); (W.P.)
| | - Wen Pei
- College of Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan; (C.-L.H.); (W.P.)
| | - Tzu-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Science Education & Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (P.-C.C.); (M.-C.H.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Ming-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Science Education & Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (P.-C.C.); (M.-C.H.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Science Education & Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (P.-C.C.); (M.-C.H.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Heng-Miao Kuo
- Institute of Phytochemicals Jianmao Biotech Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 80672, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Fung Hung
- Graduate Institute of Science Education & Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (P.-C.C.); (M.-C.H.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Yi-Jinn Lillian Chen
- Institute of Phytochemicals Jianmao Biotech Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 80672, Taiwan;
- Department of Physics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan
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4
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Britton RC, Beamish NF. The Impact of Testosterone Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Among Postmenopausal Women. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad132. [PMID: 38178905 PMCID: PMC10765381 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize the current state of knowledge surrounding the impact of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Methodology In this scoping review, a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted in adherence to a methodological framework comprising 4 distinct stages: conceptualizing a comprehensive search strategy, screening relevant publications, extracting pertinent data, and organizing and synthesizing the resultant findings. The search used electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar, to ensure an exhaustive survey of the available literature. Results The database search yielded 150 articles, including systematic reviews, registered trials, and peer-reviewed studies, of which 48 duplicates were removed. Following the title/abstract screening, 36 publications were included in the full-text review. On completion of the full-text review, using the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 29 articles were excluded and 7 remained for data extraction and qualitative synthesis. Main Conclusion Existing research provides promising insights into the benefits of low-dose testosterone therapy, typically combined with estrogen therapy. These benefits may include positive impacts on body composition, functional capacity, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory markers, and cholesterol. However, there remains a substantial lack of knowledge surrounding the effects and mechanisms behind testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women in relation to its impacts on cardiovascular risk. High-quality, evidence-based clinical intervention research is needed to investigate testosterone therapy's potential implication on cardiovascular risk factors in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C Britton
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicole F Beamish
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Ferguson EL, Zimmerman SC, Jiang C, Choi M, Swinnerton K, Choudhary V, Meyers TJ, Hoffmann TJ, Gilsanz P, Oni-Orisan A, Whitmer RA, Risch N, Krauss RM, Schaefer CA, Glymour MM. Low- and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Dementia Risk Over 17 Years of Follow-up Among Members of a Large Health Care Plan. Neurology 2023; 101:e2172-e2184. [PMID: 37793911 PMCID: PMC10663022 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with dementia risk in later life may be complex, and few studies have sufficient data to model nonlinearities or adequately adjust for statin use. We evaluated the observational associations of HDL-C and LDL-C with incident dementia in a large and well-characterized cohort with linked survey and electronic health record (EHR) data. METHODS Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan members aged 55 years and older who completed a health behavior survey between 2002 and 2007, had no history of dementia before the survey, and had laboratory measurements of cholesterol within 2 years after survey completion were followed up through December 2020 for incident dementia (Alzheimer disease-related dementia [ADRD]; Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and/or nonspecific dementia) based on ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes in EHRs. We used Cox models for incident dementia with follow-up time beginning 2 years postsurvey (after cholesterol measurement) and censoring at end of membership, death, or end of study period. We evaluated nonlinearities using B-splines, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and survey confounders, and tested for effect modification by baseline age or prior statin use. RESULTS A total of 184,367 participants [mean age at survey = 69.5 years, mean HDL-C = 53.7 mg/dL (SD = 15.0), mean LDL-C = 108 mg/dL (SD = 30.6)] were included. Higher and lower HDL-C values were associated with elevated ADRD risk compared with the middle quantile: HDL-C in the lowest quintile was associated with an HR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.11), and HDL-C in the highest quintile was associated with an HR of 1.15 (95% CI 1.11-1.20). LDL-C was not associated with dementia risk overall, but statin use qualitatively modified the association. Higher LDL-C was associated with a slightly greater risk of ADRD for statin users (53% of the sample, HR per 10 mg/dL increase = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02) and a lower risk for nonusers (HR per 10 mg/dL increase = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99). There was evidence for effect modification by age with linear HDL-C (p = 0.003) but not LDL-C (p = 0.59). DISCUSSION Both low and high levels of HDL-C were associated with elevated dementia risk. The association between LDL-C and dementia risk was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Ferguson
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA.
| | - Scott C Zimmerman
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Chen Jiang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Minhyuk Choi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Kaitlin Swinnerton
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Vidhu Choudhary
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Travis J Meyers
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Paola Gilsanz
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Neil Risch
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - Catherine A Schaefer
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.L.F., S.C.Z., M.C., K.S., T.J.H., N.R., M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (C.J., V.C., T.J.M., P.G., C.A.S.), Oakland; Institute for Human Genetics (A.O.-O., N.R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy (A.O.-O.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Public Health Sciences (R.A.W.), University of California, Davis; and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (R.M.K.), University of California, San Francisco. K.S. is currently affiliated with the VA Boston Healthcare System, MA. T.J.H. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. P.G. is currently affiliated with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. N.R. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. M.M.G. is currently affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA
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6
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Folahan JT, Olorundare OE, Ajayi AM, Oyewopo AO, Soyemi SS, Adeneye AA, Okoye II, Afolabi SO, Njan AA. Oxidized dietary lipids induce vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in post-menopausal rats: estradiol and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs restore vascular health in vivo. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:107. [PMID: 37495992 PMCID: PMC10369757 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermoxidation of edible oil through deep fat frying results in the generation of several oxidized products that promote lipid peroxidation and ROS production when eaten. Consumption of thermoxidized oil in post-menopausal conditions where the estrogen level is low contributes to cardiovascular disease. This study evaluates the role of estradiol and antihyperlipidemic agents (AHD) in restoring the vascular health of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) and thermoxidized soya oil (TSO) diets. METHOD A total of 10 groups of rats (n = 6) were set up for the experiment. Group I (normal control) rats were sham handled while other groups were OVX to bring about estrogen deficient post-menopausal state. Group II (OVX only) was not treated and received normal rat chow. Groups III-X were fed with either TPO or TSO diet for 12 weeks and treated with estradiol (ETD) 0.2 mg/kg/day, atorvastatin (ATV) 10 mg/kg/day, and a fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe and ATV (EZE 3 mg/kg/day + ATV 10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Pro-atherogenic lipids levels were significantly elevated in untreated TSO and TPO groups compared to OVX and sham, resulting in increased atherogenic and Coronary-risk indices. Treatment with Estradiol and AHDs significantly reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as AI and CRI compared to untreated TSO and TPO groups, whereas TSO and TPO groups showed significant elevation in these parameters compared to Group I values. Moreover, aortic TNF-α levels were extremely elevated in the untreated TSO and TPO compared to Group I. TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in rats treated with AHDs and ETD. Localized oxidative stress was indicated in the aortic tissues of TSO and TPO-fed OVX rats by increased malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. This contributed to a depletion in aortic nitric oxide. AHDs and ETD replenished the nitric oxide levels significantly. Histological evaluation of the aorta of TSO and TPO rats revealed increased peri-adventitia fat, aortic medial hypertrophy, and aortic recanalization. These pathologic changes were less seen in AHDs and ETD rats. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ETD and AHDs profoundly attenuate oxidized lipid-induced vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through oxidative-stress reduction and inhibition of TNF-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Temiloluwa Folahan
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71209, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara-State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Esan Olorundare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara-State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Adeoye Oyetunji Oyewopo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara- State, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Sokunle Soyemi
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Innocent Okoye
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Saheed Olanrewaju Afolabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara-State, Nigeria
| | - Anoka Ayembe Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara-State, Nigeria
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7
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Sharma H, Yadav V, D'Souza-Schorey C, Go DB, Senapati S, Chang HC. A Scalable High-Throughput Isoelectric Fractionation Platform for Extracellular Nanocarriers: Comprehensive and Bias-Free Isolation of Ribonucleoproteins from Plasma, Urine, and Saliva. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9388-9404. [PMID: 37071723 PMCID: PMC10756736 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nanocarriers (extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipoproteins, and ribonucleoproteins) of protein and nucleic acids mediate intercellular communication and are clinically adaptable as distinct circulating biomarkers. However, the overlapping size and density of the nanocarriers have so far prevented their efficient physical fractionation, thus impeding independent downstream molecular assays. Here, we report a bias-free high-throughput and high-yield continuous isoelectric fractionation nanocarrier fractionation technique based on their distinct isoelectric points. This nanocarrier fractionation platform is enabled by a robust and tunable linear pH profile provided by water-splitting at a bipolar membrane and stabilized by flow without ampholytes. The linear pH profile that allows easy tuning is a result of rapid equilibration of the water dissociation reaction and stabilization by flow. The platform is automated with a machine learning procedure to allow recalibration for different physiological fluids and nanocarriers. The optimized technique has a resolution of 0.3 ΔpI, sufficient to separate all nanocarriers and even subclasses of nanocarriers. Its performance is then evaluated with several biofluids, including plasma, urine, and saliva samples. Comprehensive, high-purity (plasma: >93%, urine: >95% and saliva: >97%), high-yield (plasma: >78%, urine: >87% and saliva: >96%), and probe-free isolation of ribonucleoproteins in 0.75 mL samples of various biofluids in 30 min is demonstrated, significantly outperforming affinity-based and highly biased gold standards having low yield and day-long protocols. Binary fractionation of EVs and different lipoproteins is also achieved with similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David B Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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8
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Weber F, Axmann M, Horner A, Schwarzinger B, Weghuber J, Plochberger B. Lipoprotein Particles as Shuttles for Hydrophilic Cargo. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050471. [PMID: 37233532 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein particles (LPs) are excellent transporters and have been intensively studied in cardiovascular diseases, especially regarding parameters such as their class distribution and accumulation, site-specific delivery, cellular internalization, and escape from endo/lysosomal compartments. The aim of the present work is the hydrophilic cargo loading of LPs. As an exemplary proof-of-principle showcase, the glucose metabolism-regulating hormone, insulin, was successfully incorporated into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The incorporation was studied and verified to be successful using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fluorescence Microscopy (FM). Single-molecule-sensitive FM together with confocal imaging visualized the membrane interaction of single, insulin-loaded HDL particles and the subsequent cellular translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weber
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus Axmann
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler Universität, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- FFoQSI-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- FFoQSI-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, 4600 Wels, Austria
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
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9
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Ofori EK, Adekena CN, Boima V, Asare‐Anane H, Yorke E, Nyarko ENY, Mohammed BN, Quansah E, Jayasinghe SU, Amanquah SD. Serum leptin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease: An observational cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1053. [PMID: 36698704 PMCID: PMC9851162 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Adipocytes secrete a peptide hormone called leptin, which plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and energy expenditure. Alterations in leptin concentrations are associated with CKD-related cardiovascular problems such as hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Despite the link, data on the precise function of leptin in people with CKD and HHD is scant. Methods An observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 108 participants (72 CKD patients with HHD and 36 healthy controls). Their demographic and anthropometric information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Certain clinical measures such as blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for levels of plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, creatinine, and leptin. Data were analyzed with SPSS v23. Results Leptin, FPG, creatinine and triglyceride levels were all significantly higher in CKD patients with HHD compared to controls (p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, advanced CKD status (being in stage 5), having a 6-year diagnosis of HHD, being female, having a higher BMI, and elevation in levels of HDL and FPG contributed significantly to the variance in serum leptin levels in the case group (β = 0.37, 0.22, 0.19, 0.18, 0.27, 0.28; p < 0.05 for all). In the control group, the female gender had the biggest unique effect on circulating leptin levels, followed by BMI and eGFR (β = 0.71, 0.34, -0.22; p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion Patients with CKD who also had HHD reported considerably higher circulating leptin levels. Significantly higher blood leptin levels were shown to be associated with CKD stage 5 in the case group. These results are consistent with the role of leptin in the metabolic complexity seen in CKD patients. There needs to be more research into treatments that aim to lower leptin levels in CKD patients with HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K. Ofori
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Christian N. Adekena
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana,University of Ghana Medical CenterAccraGhana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Henry Asare‐Anane
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Eric N. Y. Nyarko
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Bismark N. Mohammed
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | | | | | - Seth D. Amanquah
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
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10
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Effects of Fish Oil, Lipid Mediators, Derived from Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Their Co-Treatment against Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction and Inflammation in HFD Mice and HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020427. [PMID: 36678298 PMCID: PMC9864948 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fish oil (FO) and lipid mediators (LM) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent obesity, their combined effects and cellular metabolism remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential protective and metabolic effects of FO in combination with LM (a mixture of 17S-monohydroxy docosahexaenoic acid, resolvin D5, and protectin DX [3:47:50], derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat- diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J mice after 9-week treatment. Lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation induced by HFD and PA were substantially reduced after FO and LM treatment. Further, FO and LM treatments reduced lipid accumulation by increasing fatty acid oxidation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1 as well as by decreasing fatty acid synthesis via sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase. Finally, FO and LM treatment reduced inflammation by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, the combination of FO and LM exhibited more robust efficacy against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting that FO supplemented with LM is a beneficial dietary strategy for treating this disease.
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11
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Fuller MT, Dadoo O, Xiong T, Chivukula P, MacDonald ME, Lee SK, Austin RC, Igdoura SA, Trigatti BL. Extensive diet-induced atherosclerosis in scavenger receptor class B type 1-deficient mice is associated with substantial leukocytosis and elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in coronary artery endothelium. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1023397. [PMID: 36714321 PMCID: PMC9877335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Mice that lack genes involved in the clearance of LDL from the bloodstream, such as the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E, are widely used models of experimental atherosclerosis. Conversely, mice that lack the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I, and therefore have disrupted HDL functionality, also develop diet-inducible atherosclerosis but are a seldom-used disease model. In this study, we compared atherosclerosis and associated phenotypes in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice with those of wild type, LDL receptor knockout, and apolipoprotein E knockout mice after 20 weeks of being fed an atherogenic diet containing sodium cholate. We found that while scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice had substantially lower plasma cholesterol than LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice, they developed atherosclerotic plaques with similar sizes and compositions in their aortic sinuses, and more extensive atherosclerosis in their descending aortas and coronary arteries. This was associated with elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice compared to wild type and LDL receptor knockout mice, and lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule expression in coronary artery endothelial cells compared to the other mice examined. We conclude that extensive atherosclerosis in arteries that are not generally susceptible to atherosclerosis in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice is driven by factors in addition to hypercholesterolemia, including inflammation, dysregulation of the immune system and increased sensitivity of endothelial cells in arteries that are normally resistant to atherosclerosis. Scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice fed a cholate containing atherogenic diet may prove to be a useful model to study mechanisms of atherosclerosis and evaluate treatments that rely on intact LDL clearance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Omid Dadoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Pardh Chivukula
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa E. MacDonald
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel K. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard C. Austin
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suleiman A. Igdoura
- Department of Biology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bernardo L. Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Bernardo L. Trigatti,
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12
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Ryu JC, Bae JH, Ha SH, Kwon B, Song Y, Lee DH, Kim BJ, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS, Chang JY. Association between lipid profile changes and risk of in-stent restenosis in ischemic stroke patients with intracranial stenosis: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284749. [PMID: 37163551 PMCID: PMC10171672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of ischemic stroke with intracranial stenosis is associated with various serum lipid levels. However, the effects of changes in the lipid profile on the risk of in-stent restenosis have not been verified. Therefore, we investigated the association between the occurrence of in-stent restenosis at 12-month follow-up and changes in various lipid profiles. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we included ischemic stroke patients who had undergone intracranial stenting for symptomatic intracranial stenosis between February 2010 and May 2020. We collected data about serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels, and calculated the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios at baseline and after 12 months. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to verify the association between various lipid profile changes and in-stent restenosis at 12 months. RESULTS Among the 100 patients included in the study (mean age, 60.8 ± 10.0 years; male: 80 [80.0%]), in-stent restenosis was found in 13 (13.0%) patients. The risk of in-stent restenosis of more than 50% was significantly decreased when TC/HDL-C ratio (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.87]) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (OR 0.23, [95% CI 0.06-0.93]) decreased or when HDL-C levels (OR 0.10, [95% CI 0.02-0.63]) were increased at 12 months compared with baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of HDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were associated with decreased risk of in-stent restenosis at 12-month follow-up. Management and careful monitoring of various lipid profiles including HDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio may be important to prevent in-stent restenosis in patients with intracranial stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chan Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Bae
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Ha
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boseong Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunsun Song
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Chang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Huan S, Liu M, Liu Z, Gao J, Yin G. Association Between Dietary and Serum Cholesterol and Cognitive Function Among the U.S. Elderly from NHANES 2011-2014. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:625-640. [PMID: 37574736 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dietary or serum cholesterol and cognitive performance in older adults has not been well-established. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential association between dietary or serum cholesterol and cognitive performance in the elderly population. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. Diet and supplement cholesterol was estimated based on two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Cognitive function was assessed using various statistical tests. Poor cognitive performance was defined as scores below the lowest quartile within age groups. Regression models were adjusted for demographic factors, and subgroup analyses were performed for non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals. RESULTS Among 759 participants aged 60 years and above, dietary cholesterol was only associated with dietary saturated fatty acids and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was no evidence of an association between dietary cholesterol and cognitive function, except for NHB individuals, where dietary cholesterol showed a positive correlation with cognitive function. In the overall sample and NHW participants, there were consistent positive associations between serum total cholesterol and cognitive performance across statistical tests, while such associations were rare among NHB individuals. Although not statistically significant, NHB individuals had higher dietary/supplementary/total cholesterol intake compared with NHW individuals. CONCLUSION Within the normal range, increasing serum cholesterol may be a potential factor to prevent or relieve cognitive dysfunction. However, ethnic differences should be taken into account when considering the association between cholesterol and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiu Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Yin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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14
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Wu DF, Liao QC, Lu F, Wang Z, Yu K, Deng JL. Differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with and without coronary artery disease: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32464. [PMID: 36595992 PMCID: PMC9803476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. The data of 872 CAD patients and 774 non-CAD controls were extracted from the information system of hospitalized patients. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and ApoB concentrations were detected. HHcy was defined as a serum level of Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L. The CAD patients had lower levels of HDL-C and ApoAI and higher levels of Hcy than the controls (P < .05). Serum TGs and HDL-C were negatively correlated with Hcy in controls. Serum HDL-C and ApoAI were negatively correlated with Hcy, and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and ApoB/ApoAI were positively correlated with Hcy in the CAD patients (P < .05). Although the trends for HHcy to decrease the lipid profiles were not different between the CAD and controls (Pinteraction > 0.05), CAD with HHcy had lower HDL-C and ApoAI levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy; controls with HHcy had lower TC, LDL-C, and ApoB levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy (P < .05). There were different HHcy trends affecting the ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C between the CAD patients and controls (Pinteraction for TC/HDL-C = 0.025; Pinteraction for LDL/HDL-C = 0.033). CAD patients with HHcy had a higher ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .022) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .045) than those of patients with normal Hcy, but in the controls, the subjects with HHcy exhibited a trend toward a decreased ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .481) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .303). There were differential effects of HHcy on the lipid ratios between CAD and non-CAD patients. HHcy was related to higher ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qin-Chen Liao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- * Correspondence: Jin-Long Deng, Department of the Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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15
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Agongo G, Raal F, Nonterah EA, Debpuur C, Oduro AR, Ramsay M, Crowther NJ. Non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C are associated with self-reported cardiovascular disease in a rural West African population: Analysis of an array of lipid metrics in an AWI-Gen sub-study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278375. [PMID: 36477684 PMCID: PMC9728928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have compared the utility of serum levels of lipid fractions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The current study interrogated this question among men and women aged 40-60 years in rural northern Ghana. This was a cross-sectional study in which data was collected on socio-demography, behaviour, health history, anthropometry and lipid levels. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association of various lipid metrics with CVD. All tests were considered statistically significant at P<0.05. Data were available for 1839 participants. The prevalence of self-reported CVD was 1.6% (n = 29). Non-HDL-C (median (interquartile range): 2.4 (1.9-3.0) vs 2.0 (1.6-2.5) mmol/L; P = 0.009), LDL-C/HDL-C (1.8 (1.4-2.4) vs 1.5 (1.1-2.6); P = 0.019) and TC/HDL-C (3.3 (2.9-3.9) vs 2.9 (2.4-3.5); P = 0.003) were all significantly higher in participants with self-reported CVD compared to those without. However, after adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) and meals from vendors in a logistic regression model, only non-HDL-C (odds ratio [95% CIs]): (1.58 [1.05, 2.39]), P = 0.029 and LDL-C/HDL-C levels (odds ratio [95% CIs]): (1.26 [1.00, 1.59]), P = 0.045 remained significantly associated with self-reported CVD. While our findings suggest non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C measures may be appropriate biomarkers for assessing CVD risk in this population, further studies using established clinical endpoints are required to validate these findings in sub-Saharan Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Agongo
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C.K Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederick Raal
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Engelbert A. Nonterah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelius Debpuur
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abraham R. Oduro
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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16
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Siebeneichler TJ, Hoffmann JF, Galli V, Zambiazi RC. Composition and impact of pre- and post-harvest treatments/factors in pecan nuts quality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Alajam RA, Alqahtani AS, Moon S, Sarmento CVM, Frederick J, Smirnova IV, Liu W. Effects of walking training on risk markers of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:622-630. [PMID: 33443465 PMCID: PMC9246252 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2020.1853332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an 8-week walking training program on glycemic control, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN A pilot, single-group, pretest-posttest study. SETTING A neuromuscular research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Eleven participants with chronic SCI. INTERVENTION An 8-week walking training program using a treadmill, a body weight-supported system, and an assistive gait training device. OUTCOME MEASURES Levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 were assessed before and after the walking training. RESULTS Following the walking training, there was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c level (P<0.01) of uncertain clinical significance. The lipid profile improved after training, as shown by a statistically and clinically significant increase in HDL-C level (P<0.01) and a statistically significant decrease in LDL-C level (P<0.1) of no clinical significance. The ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C was significantly reduced (P<0.01). In regard to inflammatory markers, concentrations of IL-6 showed a significant reduction after training (P=0.05) of unknown clinical significance, while those of CRP trended to decrease (P=0.13). CONCLUSION The findings of this pilot study suggest that an 8-week walking training program may produce favorable changes in risk markers of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic SCI as shown by clinically meaningful improvements in HDL-C, and small changes in the right direction, but uncertain clinical significance, in HbA1c, LDL-C and IL-6. A randomized controlled trial is needed to compare the effects of walking training on these outcome measures with those of other exercise modalities suitable for this population, and to see if more prolonged exercise exposure leads to favorable parameters of significant size to justify the exercise modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi A. Alajam
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States,Department of Physical Therapy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author: Ramzi Alajam, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulfattah S. Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States,Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanghee Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Caio V. M. Sarmento
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States,Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Fresno, California, United States
| | - Jason Frederick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Irina V. Smirnova
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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18
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Teas E, Kimiecik J, Ward RM, Timmerman K. Intuitive Eating and Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:412-421. [PMID: 35534099 PMCID: PMC9097336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether exercise and diet motivation are associated with 4 biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Data collection involved questionnaires, blood draws, body composition assessments, and accelerometry. SETTING Small, midwestern college town. PARTICIPANTS Community older adults (≥ 58 years of age; n = 79) recruited through convenience sampling; the sample was representative of the population of interest for some demographic characteristics (eg, age and sex) but not representative of other characteristics (eg, level of activity). VARIABLES MEASURED Independent variables comprised self-reported intrinsic exercise motivation (Behavioral Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire-3) and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). Dependent variables included inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) and lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) quantified from blood samples. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, and objective physical activity measured by accelerometers worn for 7 days. ANALYSIS Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between diet and exercise motivation and biomarker outcomes; we analyzed 4 regression models (1 for each biomarker). Significance level P < 0.05. RESULTS Greater intuitive eating was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (β = -0.45, P = 0.001) and lower triglycerides (β = -0.37, P = 0.003). Intrinsic exercise motivation was not associated with the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intuitive eating may be a key determinant of certain biomarkers and could be a viable target for interventions to help decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
| | - Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Kyle Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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19
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Zhang Y, Pan H, Ye X, Chen S. Proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry leaves reduce obesity and associated metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through a combination of AMPK activation and an alteration in gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:2295-2305. [PMID: 35142317 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulating host energy metabolism and re-shaping gut microbiota are effective strategies against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders. A special type of proanthocyanidin extracted from Chinese bayberry leaves (BLPs) was studied for its effects and mechanisms in preventing HFD-induced obesity in mice. BLPs significantly reduced body weight, ameliorated inflammation and regulated gut dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice. BLPs activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT), which led to the downregulation of genes related to lipogenesis (ACC, FAS and SREBP-1c), and the upregulation of genes related to β-oxidation. Furthermore, BLPs improved HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by sharply decreasing the percentage of an endotoxin-producing bacteria - Desulfovibrionaceae, and enabling some distinct bacteria, such as Peptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae and Desulfovibrio. BLPs also reduced the circulated endotoxin and maintained the gut barrier's integrity. Further antibiotic treatment revealed that depleting the gut microbiota abrogated the anti-obesogenic effects of BLPs, yet did not affect AMPK activation. Collectively, these results suggest that BLPs reduce obesity and associated metabolic disorders in HFD-fed mice through a combination of AMPK activation and an alteration in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.,National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Haibo Pan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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20
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Vaura F, Palmu J, Aittokallio J, Kauko A, Niiranen T. Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits. Circ Res 2022; 130:611-631. [PMID: 35175841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaura
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Aittokallio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (J.A.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine (J.A.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T.N.)
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21
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Swiner DJ, Kulyk DS, Osae H, Durisek GR, Badu-Tawiah AK. Reactive Thread Spray Mass Spectrometry for Localization of C═C Bonds in Free Fatty Acids: Applications for Obesity Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2358-2365. [PMID: 35072466 PMCID: PMC9107611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose thread substrates offer a platform for microsampling and reactive ionization of free fatty acid (FFA) isomers for direct differentiation by mass spectrometry. Ambient corona discharge forms when direct current high voltage is applied to the tiny subfibers on the thread substrate in the presence of a polar spray solvent (MeOH/H2O, 2:1, v/v), facilitating chemical reactions across a C═C bond of unsaturated fatty acids. The process was applied for diagnosis of obesity, which we observed to show better discriminatory power when compared to determinations based on body mass index. Overall, the integrated reactive thread-based platform is capable of (i) microsampling and dry-state, room-temperature storage (>30 days) of the biofluids, (ii) in-capillary liquid/liquid extraction, and (iii) in situ epoxidation reactions to locate the C═C bond position in unsaturated fatty acids via reactions with reactive oxygen species present in ambient corona discharge. The study showcased the ability to correctly characterize FFAs, including degree of unsaturation, and the determination of their relative concentrations in clinical biofluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J. Swiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Dmytro S. Kulyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Hannah Osae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - George R. Durisek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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22
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Macêdo APA, Gonçalves MDS, Barreto Medeiros JM, David JM, Villarreal CF, Macambira SG, Soares MBP, Couto RD. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea on obese lipid profile - a systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:401-415. [PMID: 35014893 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211073236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Garcia Macambira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immuno Pharmacology, 42509Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo David Couto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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23
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Woldu MA, Minzi O, Engidawork E. Dyslipidemia and associated cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients visiting ambulatory clinics: A hospital-based study. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 11:20480040221114651. [PMID: 35898404 PMCID: PMC9309774 DOI: 10.1177/20480040221114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD),
accounting for more than half of all instances of coronary artery disease
globally (CAD). Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine lipid-related cardiovascular risks
in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals by evaluating lipid profiles,
ratios, and other related parameters. Methods A hospital-based study was carried out from January 2019 to February 2021 in
both HIV + and HIV- ambulatory patients. Results High TG (p = .003), high TC (p = .025), and low HDL (p < .001) were all
associated with a two-fold increased risk of CVD in people aged 45 and up.
Due to higher TG (p < .001) and lower HDL (p < .001), males were found
to have a higher risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia. A twofold increase in the
likelihood of higher TG levels has been associated with smoking (p = .032)
and alcohol intake (p = .022). A twofold increase in a high TC/HDL ratio and
an elevated TG/HDL ratio was observed with an increase in waist-to-height
ratio (p = .030) and a high level of FBS (126 mg/dl) and/or validated
diabetes (p = .017), respectively. In HIV + participants, central obesity
(p < .001), diabetes (p < .001), and high blood pressure (p < .001)
were all less common than in HIV- participants. Conclusions Dyslipidemia is linked to advanced age, male gender, diabetes, smoking,
alcohol consumption, and increased waist circumference, all of which could
lead to an increased risk of CVD, according to the study. The study also
revealed that the risks are less common in HIV + people than in HIV-negative
ambulatory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyahil A Woldu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (www.muhas.ac.tz), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (www.aad.edu.et), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Omary Minzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (www.muhas.ac.tz), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (www.aad.edu.et), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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24
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The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Dietary Spices in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010175. [PMID: 35011050 PMCID: PMC8747161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of physiologically dysregulated parameters that can include elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure, central obesity, increased triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated low density lipoprotein levels, and reduced high density lipoprotein levels in the blood. Effective clinical management of MetS is critical as it is strongly associated with long lasting and fatal complications in patients. Alongside standard care of lifestyle changes and medication, dietary supplements derived from herbal resources could be an alternative therapeutic strategy that is safe, efficient, culturally acceptable, and has few side effects. Of the dietary supplements, spicy foods have always been considered a great source of functional bioactive compounds. Herbal therapy is broadly used in many countries as a treatment or as a preventive measure in the management of MetS risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. Herein, an attempt is made to evaluate the recent studies in the management of MetS with herbal alternatives, and to explore the possibility of their use as therapeutic treatments or supplements.
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Hanley BP, Brewer K, Church G. Results of a 5-Year N-of-1 Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Gene Therapy Experiment. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:424-433. [PMID: 34841890 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here presented for the first time are results showing persistence over a 5+ year period in a human who had a hormone gene therapy administered to muscle. This growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) therapy was administered in two doses, a year apart, with a mean after the second dose of 195 ng/mL (13 × normal, σ = 143, σM = 34, max = 495, min = 53). This level of GHRH therapy appears to be safe for the subject, although there were some adverse events. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were little affected, nor were the growth hormone test results, showing no indications of acromegaly for the hormone homologue used. Heart rate declined 8 to 13 bpm, persistent over 5 years. Testosterone rose by 52% (σ = 22%, σM = 6%). The high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein ratio dropped from 3.61 to mean 2.81 (σ = 0.26, σM = 0.057, max = 3.3, min = 2.5), and triglycerides declined from 196 mg/dL to mean 94.4 mg/dL (σ = 21.9, σM = 5.0, min = 59, max = 133, min = 59). White blood cell counts increased, however, the baseline was not strong. CD4 and CD8 mean increased by11.7% (σ = 11.6%, σM = 3.3%, max = 30.7%, min = -9.6%) and 12.0% (σ = 10.5%, σM = 3.0%, max = 29.1%, min = -6.7%), respectively. Ancillary observations comprise an early period of euphoria, and a dramatic improvement in visual correction after the first dose, spherical correction from baseline (L/R) -2.25/-2.75 to -0.25/-0.5. Over the next 5 years, correction drifted back to -1.25/-1.75. Horvath PhenoAge was cut 44.1% post-treatment. At completion, epigenetic age was -6 years (-9.3%), and telomere age was +7 months (+0.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Hanley
- Research and Development, Butterfly Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - George Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Meng H, Ruan J, Chen Y, Yan Z, Shi K, Li X, Yang P, Meng F. Investigation of Specific Proteins Related to Different Types of Coronary Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:758035. [PMID: 34746269 PMCID: PMC8569131 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.758035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex disease caused by multifaceted interaction between genetic and environmental factors, which makes identification of the most likely disease candidate proteins and their associated risk markers a big challenge. Atherosclerosis is presented by a broad spectrum of heart diseases, including stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is the progressive stage of SCAD. As such, the correct and prompt diagnosis of atherosclerosis turns into imperative for precise and prompt disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Methods: The current work aims to look for specific protein markers for differential diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis. Thirty male patients between 45 and 55 years diagnosed with atherosclerosis were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectrometry. The study excluded those who were additionally diagnosed with hypertension and type 1 and 2 diabetes. The Mufuzz analysis was applied to select target proteins for precise and prompt diagnosis of atherosclerosis, most of which were most related to high lipid metabolism. The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to verify the selected target proteins. Finally, The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated by a random forest experiment. Results: One thousand one hundred and forty seven proteins were identified in the TMT mass spectrometry, 907 of which were quantifiable. In the PRM study, six proteins related to lipid metabolism pathway were selected for verification and they were ALB, SHBG, APOC2, APOC3, APOC4, SAA4. Conclusion: Through the detected specific changes in these six proteins, our results provide accuracy in atherosclerosis patients' diagnosis, especially in cases with varying types of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Meng
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianjun Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohan Yan
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis (Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute), Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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The effect of a high-selenium lentil diet on cardiovascular risk markers in an arsenic-exposed population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:772-774. [PMID: 34675401 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure is associated with a number of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Selenium has been shown to promote arsenic excretion from the body. We investigated if a high-selenium lentil diet has an effect on blood pressure and plasma lipid levels in an arsenic-exposed population by conducting a 6-month randomized controlled dietary intervention trial with 405 participants.
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Yu Y, Lan T, Wang D, Fang W, Tao Y, Li M, Huang X, Zhou W, Wang T, Zhu L, Bao H, Cheng X. The association of lipid ratios with hyperuricemia in a rural Chinese hypertensive population. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:121. [PMID: 34587966 PMCID: PMC8482679 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current studies support lipid ratios [the total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio; the triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio; the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C)/HDL-C ratio; and non-HDL-C] as reliable indicators of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. However, whether lipid ratios could serve as markers for hyperuricemia (HUA) remains unclear due to limited research. This study aimed to explore the association between lipid ratios and HUA in hypertensive patients. Methods The data from 14,227 Chinese hypertensive individuals in the study were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting models examined the relationship between lipid ratios and HUA. Results The results showed positive associations between the lipid ratios and HUA (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, lipid ratios were converted from continuous variables to tertiles. Compared to the lowest tertile, the fully adjusted ORs (95 % CI) of the TC/HDL-C ratio, the TG/HDL-C ratio, the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C in the highest tertile were 1.79 (1.62, 1.99), 2.09 (1.88, 2.32), 1.67 (1.51, 1.86), and 1.93 (1.74, 2.13), respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusions The study suggested that high lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C) are associated with HUA in a Chinese hypertensive population. This study’s findings further expand the scope of the application of lipid ratios. These novel and essential results suggest that lipid ratio profiles might be potential and valuable markers for HUA. Trial registration No. ChiCTR1800017274. Registered July 20, 2018. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01556-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Health Care Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wangsheng Fang
- Wuyuan County Health Committee, Wuyuan of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang of Jiangxi, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang of Jiangxi, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang of Jiangxi, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang of Jiangxi, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang of Jiangxi, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Santos-Sánchez G, Pedroche J, Millán F, Carrera Sánchez C, Fernández-Pachón MS, Millán-Linares MC, Martínez-López A, Lardone PJ, Bejarano I, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Safety and Efficacy of a Beverage Containing Lupine Protein Hydrolysates on the Immune, Oxidative and Lipid Status in Healthy Subjects: An Intervention Study (the Lupine-1 Trial). Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100139. [PMID: 34015184 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of in vitro administered Lupinus angustifolius protein hydrolysates (LPHs) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a beverage containing LPHs (LPHb) on the immune, oxidative and metabolic status of healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS In this open-label intervention, 33 participants daily ingest a LPHb containing 1 g LPHs for 28 days. Biochemical parameters are assayed in fasting peripheral blood and urine samples before, during (14 days) and after LPHb ingestion. Participants' health status and the immune and antioxidant responses of PBMCs are also evaluated throughout the trial. The LPHb ingestion is safe and effective in both increasing the anti-/pro-inflammatory response of PBMCs and improving the cellular anti-oxidant capacity. LPHb also reduces the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) atherogenic index. LPHb effect is particularly beneficial on decreasing not only the LDL-C/HDL-C index but also serum total cholesterol levels in the male cohort that shows the highest baseline levels of well-known cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show the pleiotropic actions of a lupine bioactive peptides-based functional food on key steps of atherosclerosis including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión, de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Francisco Millán
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Cecilio Carrera Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - María Carmen Millán-Linares
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain.,Cell Biology Unit, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión, de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Kurstjens S, Gemen E, Walk S, Njo T, Krabbe J, Gijzen K, Elisen MG, Kusters R. Performance of commercially-available cholesterol self-tests. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 58:289-296. [PMID: 33478240 DOI: 10.1177/0004563221992393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol concentration ≥5.2 mmol/L) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Many different cholesterol self-tests are readily available at general stores, pharmacies and web shops. However, there is limited information on their analytical and diagnostic performance. METHODS We included 62 adult patients who required a lipid panel measurement (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and LDLcalc) for routine care. The performance of five different cholesterol self-tests, three quantitative meters (Roche Accutrend Plus, Mission 3-in-1 and Qucare) and two semi-quantitative strip tests (Veroval and Mylan MyTest), was assessed according to the manufacturers' protocol. RESULTS The average plasma cholesterol concentration was 5.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L. The mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of the five cholesterol self-tests ranged from 6 ± 5% (Accutrend Plus) to 20 ± 12% (Mylan Mytest). The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter showed the best diagnostic performance with a 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The Qucare and Mission 3-in-1 are able to measure HDL concentrations and can thus provide a cholesterol:HDL ratio. The Passing-Bablok regression analyses for the ratio showed poor performance in both self-tests (Mission 3-in-1: y = 1.62x-1.20; Qucare: y = 0.61x + 1.75). The Accutrend Plus is unable to measure the plasma high-density lipoprotein concentration.Conclusions/interpretation: The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter (Roche) had excellent diagnostic and analytic performance. However, several of the commercially-available self-tests had considerably poor accuracy and diagnostic performance and therefore do not meet the required qualifications, potentially leading to erroneous results. Better regulation, standardization and harmonization of cholesterol self-tests is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steef Kurstjens
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Eugenie Gemen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Selina Walk
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Tjin Njo
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Saltro, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Krabbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medlon BV, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Gijzen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Glm Elisen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Society of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine (NVKC), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Kusters
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, the Netherlands.,Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands
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Chen J, Li J, Wang J, Zeng D, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wu M, Zhang D, Hong X. Association of serum VLDL level with hyperhomocysteinemia in hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:26-33. [PMID: 32727222 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1797084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hyperlipidemia have been recognized as two independent risks for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between hyperlipidemia and HHcy in hypertensive patients has not been systemically elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and HHcy in hypertensive patients. METHODS From July 2013 to March 2014, a large cross-sectional study was performed using 4012 participants from urban and rural communities in Hunan province, China. Participants underwent accurate assessment of lipid profiles, homocysteine (Hcy), anthropometric, blood pressure, and other biochemical indicators. RESULTS Among 1257 participants with hypertension, 626 (49.80%) were men and 631 (50.20%) were women. In total, 1081 (86.00%) of the participants were found to have HHcy, of which 559 (44.47%) were men and 522 (41.53%) were women. In the univariate analysis, the OR for patients with hypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly enhanced as the quartiles of the Log VLDL were increased. OR for quartile 4 was significantly higher than that for quartile 1 (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1; P< .001). Additional adjustment for the confounding variables did not reduce the ORs for the association between the Log VLDL and hypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.7-5.5; P< .001; OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.6-11.8; P= .004, respectively). We also conducted analyses with Log VLDL as a continuous variable. Each unit increase in the Log VLDL was associated with the 1.3-fold increased risk of hypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (95% CI: 1.9-2.9; P< .001). Adjusting for Cr, TG, TC, and HDL did not affect the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the Log VLDL concentrations appear to be an independent contributor to hypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, even after adjusting for age and other covariables. The utility of the Log VLDL as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic indicator for the disease warrants further investigation. ABBREVIATIONS HHcy: hyperhomocysteinemia; Hcy: homocysteine; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; Cr: creatinine; UA: uric acid; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; CRP: C-reactive protein; MTHFR: methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase; NO: nitric oxide; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- University of South China , Hengyang, China.,People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Jian Chen
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- University of South China , Hengyang, China.,People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Mengyi Wu
- University of South China , Hengyang, China.,People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- University of South China , Hengyang, China.,People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University , Changsha, China
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Amiri M, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Sarrafzadegan N, Forbes SC, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effects of Canola oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response analysis of controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2133-2145. [PMID: 33127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of CO on lipid profiles, apo-lipoproteins, glycemic indices, inflammation, and blood pressure compared to other edible oils in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Online databases were searched for articles up to January 2020. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. CO significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC, -0.27 mmol/l, n = 37), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.23 mmol/l, n = 35), LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL, -0.21, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.13, n = 15), apolipoprotein B (Apo B, -0.03 g/l, n = 14), and Apo B/Apo A-1 (-0.02, n = 6) compared to other edible oils (P < 0.05). Compared to olive oil, CO decreased TC (-0.23 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL-C (-0.17 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL/HDL (-0.39, n = 2), and triglycerides in VLDL (VLDL-TG, -0.10 mmol/l, n = 2) (P < 0.05). Compared to sunflower oil, CO improved LDL-C (-0.14 mmol/l, n = 11), and LDL/HDL (-0.30, n = 3) (P < 0.05). In comparison with saturated fats, CO improved TC (-0.59 mmol/l, n = 11), TG (-0.08 mmol/l, n = 11), LDL-C (-0.49 mmol/l, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.29, n = 5), and Apo B (-0.09 g/l, n = 4) (P < 0.05). Based on the nonlinear dose-response curve, replacing CO with ~15% of total caloric intake provided the greatest benefits. CONCLUSION CO significantly improved different cardiometabolic risk factors compared to other edible oils. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to confirm the dose-response associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Hao W, Zheng C. Bifurcation analysis of a free boundary model of the atherosclerotic plaque formation associated with the cholesterol ratio. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:093113. [PMID: 33003903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio has been shown to have a high correlation with the cardiovascular risk assessment. Is it possible to quantify the correlation mathematically? In this paper, we develop a bifurcation analysis for a mathematical model of the plaque formation with a free boundary in the early stage of atherosclerosis. This bifurcation analysis, to the ratio of LDL/HDL, is based on explicit formulations of radially symmetric steady-state solutions. By performing the perturbation analysis to these solutions, we establish the existence of bifurcation branches and derive a theoretical condition that a bifurcation occurs for different modes. We also analyze the stability of radially symmetric steady-state solutions and conduct numerical simulations to verify all theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Chunyue Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Lipoprotein ability to exchange and remove lipids from model membranes as a function of fatty acid saturation and presence of cholesterol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158769. [PMID: 32712249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis. High and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), known as 'good' and 'bad' cholesterol, respectively, remove and/or deposit lipids into the artery wall. Hence, insight into lipid exchange processes between lipoproteins and cell membranes is of particular importance in understanding the onset and development of cardiovascular disease. In order to elucidate the impact of phospholipid tail saturation and the presence of cholesterol in cell membranes on these processes, neutron reflection was employed in the present investigation to follow lipid exchange with both HDL and LDL against model membranes. Mirroring clinical risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, lower exchange was observed in the presence of cholesterol, as well as for an unsaturated phospholipid, compared to faster exchange when using a fully saturated phospholipid. These results highlight the importance of membrane composition on the interaction with lipoproteins, chiefly the saturation level of the lipids and presence of cholesterol, and provide novel insight into factors of importance for build-up and reversibility of atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, the correlation between the results and well-established clinical risk factors suggests that the approach taken can be employed also for understanding a broader set of risk factors including, e.g., effects of triglycerides and oxidative stress, as well as local effects of drugs on atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Auricular concha eletroacupuncture modulates lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in rats submitted to cold stress. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim SA, Shin S, Ha K, Hwang Y, Park YH, Kang MS, Joung H. Effect of a balanced Korean diet on metabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Korean adults: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3023-3035. [PMID: 31927671 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to see the effects of a balanced Korean diet (BKD) on metabolic risk factors in overweight or obese Korean adults, comparing with those of a typical American diet (TAD) and a diet recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2010DGA). METHODS The study was designed as a randomized crossover controlled trial, in which 61 overweight or obese volunteers were divided into six groups and each consumed the BKD, 2010DGA, and TAD in a random order for 4 weeks separated by 2-week washout intervals. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, blood lipid content, fasting blood glucose, and blood insulin level were measured at the beginning and end of each diet period. RESULTS A total of 54 participants completed the trial. The BKD caused more significant reductions of body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), body fat percent (p < 0.001), blood total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.007) compared with the 2010DGA or TAD (all p values for differences between diets < 0.05). All three diets significantly lowered blood triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). The BKD decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001) and increased fasting blood glucose (p = 0.018), whereas TAD and 2010DGA increased HDL cholesterol and did not affect blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the BKD significantly decreased the proportion of individuals with elevated total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), whereas the 2010DGA significantly reduced the number of obese individuals (p < 0.05), and the TAD decreased the number of participants with elevated triglyceride levels (p < 0.05), but increased that of those with elevated LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Korean diet based on dietary guidelines improved metabolic risk factors such as BMI, body fat percent, and blood lipid profiles in overweight or obese Korean adults. These results provide evidence to recommend the Korean diet for preventing various metabolic diseases. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) in Korea, the primary registry of the World Health Organization (WHO) international clinical trial registry platform, under number KCT0002437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ah Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Korea
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Hwang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Park
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Tofacitinib Treatment Is Associated With Modest and Reversible Increases in Serum Lipids in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:123-132.e3. [PMID: 31077827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tofacitinib is an oral, small-molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We analyzed inflammation, lipid concentrations, and incidence rates of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACEs) in patients who received tofacitinib in worldwide studies. METHODS We collected data from 1157 patients who participated in 3 8-week induction studies (1 phase-2 study and 2 phase-3 studies; patients received tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily or placebo), a 52-week phase-3 maintenance study of responders (patients received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily or placebo), and an ongoing long-term extension study of patients who did and did not respond to induction or maintenance therapy (patients received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily). Lipid concentrations were assessed from induction baseline to week 61 (week 52 of maintenance therapy). We calculated MACE incidence rates (patients with ≥1 event per 100 patient-years of exposure) and Reynolds risk score (RRS; a composite score used to determine CV risk) for patients given tofacitinib vs placebo. RESULTS The mean RRS was <5% at baseline and week 8 of treatment with tofacitinib. At week 8, there were greater increases from baseline in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients given tofacitinib compared with placebo. There were correlations between reduced levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and increased serum concentrations of lipid in patients given tofacitinib or placebo (P < .001). Lipid concentrations were increased in patients given tofacitinib vs patients given placebo through week 61. Overall, ratios of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL-c and total cholesterol to HDL-c did not change significantly over the 61-week period. Four MACEs were reported; the incidence rate was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.07-0.62) and 3 of these patients had 4 or more CV risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 5 trials of patients with UC who received tofacitinib, we found reversible increases in lipids with treatment and inverse correlations with reduced levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. We did not find clinically meaningful changes in lipid ratios or RRS. MACEs were infrequent and not dose-related. Clinicaltrials.gov: A3921063 (NCT00787202); OCTAVE Induction 1 (NCT01465763); OCTAVE Induction 2 (NCT01458951); OCTAVE Sustain (NCT01458574); OCTAVE Open (NCT01470612).
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Oh YJ, Kim HJ, Kim TS, Yeo IH, Ji GE. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PMO 08 Alone and Combined with Chia Seeds on Metabolic Syndrome and Parameters Related to Gut Health in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2019; 22:1199-1207. [PMID: 31747330 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study researched the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PMO 08 alone and combined with chia seeds on metabolic syndrome and parameters related to microbiota modulation and intestinal barrier integrity in obese mice fed high-fat diets (HFDs; 45% kcal fat). Male C57BL/6J mice were acclimated for a period of 2 weeks and then randomly separated into five groups depending on whether they received a normal diet (ND group), an HFD (HFD group), an HFD with L. plantarum (PMO group), an HFD with L. plantarum combined with chia seeds (PMOChia group), or an HFD with chia seeds (Chia group). Serum lipid profiles and related markers (cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression) were measured. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed by measuring occludin mRNA expression of tight junction proteins. Mucosal bacteria were checked with quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After 16 weeks of feeding, the PMO group showed significantly lower serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors compared to the HFD group. Moreover, the hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2), a protein related to cholesterol metabolism, was significantly downregulated in the PMO group. We also found a positive synergistic effect in the PMOChia group, as manifested by the hepatic mRNA expression of hepatic CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase), strengthening of the gut barrier function, and the promotion of more L. plantarum in the colonic mucosa than in either the HFD or PMO group. In conclusion, our results indicate that PMO 08 may protect against metabolic syndrome by exerting effects on the regulation of lipid metabolism. Although the effects of chia seeds alone remain uncertain based on this experiment, its combination with PMO 08 was demonstrated to improve multiple beneficial effects of PMO 08 in obese mice fed HFD, which is a promising possibility for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Oh
- Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Guen Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Mirza E. Atherogenic indices in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1911-1915. [PMID: 31278384 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of atherogenic indices in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) by traditional serum lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and non-HDL-c] and non-traditional serum lipid ratios [TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and non-HDL-c/HDL-c]. METHODS A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Fifty patients diagnosed with PEXS were regarded as group 1 and 50 patients without PEXS were regarded as group 2, respectively. RESULTS The median TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c and non-HDL-c values were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p = 0.007, p = 0.025, p = 0.016, p = 0.015 and p = 0.042, respectively). But there were no significant differences in the TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratios among the two groups (p = 0.581, p = 0.617, p = 0.292 and p = 0.583, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Non-traditional serum lipid ratios are superior to traditional serum lipid profiles for identifying the risk of vascular disease and this study did not demonstrate a complete relationship between PEXS and increased risk of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Mirza
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Konya Education and Research Hospital, 42090, Konya Meram, Turkey.
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Chen X, Du Y, Boni GF, Liu X, Kuang J, Geng Z. Consuming egg yolk decreases body weight and increases serum HDL and brain expression of TrkB in male SD rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3879-3885. [PMID: 30680735 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg yolks contain large amounts of cholesterol and are suspected to be harmful after long-term consumption. In this experiment, 63 rats were used to evaluate the effect of egg white (EW) and egg yolk (EY) supplementation on serum lipids and brain cognition. The feeding time lasted 4 weeks after a 1-week acclimation. RESULTS Body weight was significantly higher in rats fed 132.0 g kg-1 EW and significantly lower when fed 40 g kg-1 EY (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein increased in rats fed 72.0 g kg-1 EW compared with rats from NC and EY groups (P < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in rats fed 40 g kg-1 EY and decreased when fed 72.0 g kg-1 EW (P < 0.05). Rats fed a diet with EY exhibited abundant neurons in the CA1 hippocampus and complete subcellular structures. Rats fed 132 g kg-1 EW exhibited shrunken cells and swollen mitochondria. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor had constitutively low expression among groups, while tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) exhibited higher expression levels in rats fed a diet containing EY compared with other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EY consumption reduced body weight and increased HDL levels. Diet containing EY could improve cognition through enhanced trkB expression. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yeye Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Grace F Boni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jinlong Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
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Durgarao Y, Manjrekar PA, Adhikari P, Chakrapani M, Rukmini MS. Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Associated Cardiovascular Complications - The Vitamin D Perspective. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:139-153. [PMID: 30648528 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666190114155302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, a steroid hormone is primarily known for its role in calcium and bone mineral homeostasis. Over the years, vitamin D has been implicated in various non-skeletal diseases. The extraskeletal phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in almost all cells and identification of 1-α hydroxylase in extrarenal tissues. The vitamin D deficiency (VDD) pandemic was globally reported with increasing evidence and paralleled the prevalence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A dependent link was proposed between hypovitaminosis D glycemic status, insulin resistance and also the other major factors associated with type 2 diabetes leading to CVDs. Insulin resistance plays a central role in both type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance syndrome. These 2 disorders are associated with distinct etiologies including hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and significant vascular abnormalities that could lead to endothelial dysfunction. Evidence from randomised clinical trials and meta-analysis, however, yielded conflicting results. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in the regulation of glucose homeostasis with an emphasis on insulin resistance, blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular diseases and also underline the plausible mechanisms for all the documented effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Durgarao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Poornima A Manjrekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prabha Adhikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Chakrapani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - M S Rukmini
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Yoshimoto T, Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Nagahama S, Kobayashi M, Minoura A, Miki A, Chen Y, Hoshino H, Kokaze A. Association between serum lipids and low back pain among a middle-aged Japanese population: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:266. [PMID: 30474551 PMCID: PMC6260842 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal lipid levels have been suggested as a mechanism leading to atherosclerosis of the lumbar vessels, resulting in low back pain (LBP). This study examined whether abnormal lipid levels were associated with LBP among middle-aged adults in Japan. Methods The present study included adults between 40 and 64 years old who underwent an annual health checkup. A total of 258,367 eligible participants were analyzed to investigate associations of LBP with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Participants were categorized into two groups according to each of LDL-C, HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (LDL-C: ≥ 140 vs. < 140 mg/dL; HDL-C: ≥ 40 vs. < 40 mg/dL; LDL-C/HDL-C ratio: ≥ 2.5 vs. < 2.5). Information on LBP was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression modeling was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBP. Results The prevalence of LBP was 2.2% in men and 2.1% in women. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, body mass index, and lifestyle factors found significant associations for HDL-C < 40 mg/dL (OR, 1.34; 95%CI, 1.20–1.48 in men; OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.02–1.72 in women) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio ≥ 2.5 (OR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.09–1.26 in men; OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.03–1.29 in women) with LBP. Conclusions Low HDL-C and high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were significantly associated with LBP in a middle-aged Japanese population. These findings might support the atherosclerosis-LBP hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Shirasawa
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satsue Nagahama
- All Japan Labor Welfare Foundation, 6-16-11 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-0064, Japan
| | - Mariko Kobayashi
- All Japan Labor Welfare Foundation, 6-16-11 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-0064, Japan
| | - Akira Minoura
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ayako Miki
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hoshino
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Khlifi L, Graiet H, Sahli S, Ben-Hadj-Mohamed M, Khelil S, Bouzidi N, Miled AE. Evidence of metabolic imbalance and oxidative stress among patients suffering from pressure ulcers. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 30:414-421. [PMID: 30300033 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1527991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pressure ulcers (PU) are serious medical problems that involve several factors. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress along with chronic inflammation may cause and develop PU. However, the metabolic disturbances underlying PU are not totally known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate biochemical oxidative stress markers in Tunisian patients suffering from PU. Methods: A total of 100 adult patients with PU and 213 healthy adult controls were selected for the study. Biochemical parameters related to immune profiles, and biomarkers of the liver, kidney, and inflammatory proteins were evaluated using recently developed automated measurement methods. Oxidant-antioxidant system markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl proteins, total antioxidant potential, total oxidant status (TOS), catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase) were studied using appropriate methods. Results: Patients with PU showed, remarkably, abnormal levels of biochemical markers and relatively higher systemic oxidative stress compared to healthy subjects. This provides the first evidence that alterations in biochemical parameters and oxidative stress are features of PU. Conclusions: Understanding the signaling pathways involved in the development of PU will provide experts with additional knowledge for therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting the oxidative and inflammatory reactions in affected patients. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0257800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Khlifi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir , Biochemistry Laboratory , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - Hajer Graiet
- a Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir , Biochemistry Laboratory , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - Sondes Sahli
- a Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir , Biochemistry Laboratory , Sousse , Tunisia
| | | | - Souhir Khelil
- a Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir , Biochemistry Laboratory , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - Nadia Bouzidi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir , Biochemistry Laboratory , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - Abed Elhedi Miled
- a Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir , Biochemistry Laboratory , Sousse , Tunisia
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Kuang H, Yang F, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen G. The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:6303810. [PMID: 30210871 PMCID: PMC6126094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies and excess are involved in many aspects of human health. As a source of essential nutrients, eggs have been used worldwide to support the nutritional needs of human societies. On the other hand, eggs also contain a significant amount of cholesterol, a lipid molecule that has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Whether the increase of egg consumption will lead to elevated cholesterol absorption and disruption of cholesterol homeostasis has been a concern of debate for a while. Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated through its dietary intake, endogenous biosynthesis, utilization, and excretion. Recently, some research interests have been paid to the effects of egg consumption on cholesterol homeostasis through the intestinal cholesterol absorption. Nutrient components in eggs such as phospholipids may contribute to this process. The goals of this review are to summarize the recent progress in this area and to discuss some potential benefits of egg consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqian Kuang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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The Association of Dietary Cholesterol and Fatty Acids with Dyslipidemia in Chinese Metropolitan Men and Women. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080961. [PMID: 30044444 PMCID: PMC6115945 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between dietary cholesterol and fatty acids and serum lipids are controversial. This study is to examine the association of dietary cholesterol and fatty acids with serum lipids and dyslipidemia in Chinese metropolitan male and female adults. METHODS 3850 participants in the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey were investigated during the period 2012⁻2013. Information was obtained on dietary intake, anthropometric and blood laboratory measurements. Dyslipidemia was determined by US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). RESULTS Dietary cholesterol was in line with serum TC, LDL-C and the LDL-C to HDL-C ratio in general and the partial correlation coefficients were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.13⁻1.15, p = 0.015), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.21⁻1.24, p = 0.006) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00⁻0.02, p = 0.018), respectively. The partial correlation coefficients were greater in women. Dietary fatty acids were not associated with serum lipids. The highest quintile of dietary cholesterol intake (≥538.0 mg/day) was associated with an approximate 1.6-fold risk for high TC and high HDL-C compared with the lowest quintile (<193.1 mg/day) generally. CONCLUSIONS Dietary cholesterol was associated with serum cholesterol in Chinese metropolitan adults and a higher risk of dyslipidemia was observed at a high level of dietary cholesterol intake. Whether there should be an upper limit on dietary cholesterol in the Chinese population warrants further study.
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Yamashita S, Hirashima A, Lin IC, Bae J, Nakahara K, Murata M, Yamada S, Kumazoe M, Yoshitomi R, Kadomatsu M, Sato Y, Nezu A, Hikida A, Fujino K, Murata K, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Tachibana H. Saturated fatty acid attenuates anti-obesity effect of green tea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10023. [PMID: 29968774 PMCID: PMC6030063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its major polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) have suppressive effect on dietary obesity. However, it remains unsolved what type of diet on which they exhibit high or low anti-obesity effect. In the present study, we investigated whether anti-obesity effect of green tea differs depending on composition of fats or fatty acids that consist high-fat (HF) diet in mouse model. Green tea extract (GTE) intake dramatically suppressed weight gain and fat accumulation induced by olive oil-based HF diet, whereas the effects on those induced by beef tallow-based HF diet were weak. GTE also effectively suppressed obesity induced by unsaturated fatty acid-enriched HF diet with the stronger effect compared with that induced by saturated fatty acid-enriched HF diet. These differences would be associated with the increasing action of GTE on expression of PPARδ signaling pathway-related genes in the white adipose tissue. Expressions of genes relating to EGCG signaling pathway that is critical for exhibition of physiological effects of EGCG were also associated with the different effects of GTE. Here, we show that anti-obesity effect of GTE differs depending on types of fats or fatty acids that consist HF diet and could be attenuated by saturated fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.,Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Makurazaki, 898-0087, Japan
| | - Asami Hirashima
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - I-Chian Lin
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Bae
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kanami Nakahara
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motoki Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ren Yoshitomi
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mai Kadomatsu
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuka Sato
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nezu
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ai Hikida
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Konatsu Fujino
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- Agri-Food Business Innovation Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Lipids, and Heart Disease: Are Eggs Working for or Against You? Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040426. [PMID: 29596318 PMCID: PMC5946211 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between blood cholesterol and heart disease is well-established, with the lowering of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol being the primary target of preventive therapy. Furthermore, epidemiological studies report lower risk for heart disease with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. There has also been considerable interest in studying the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and heart disease risk. Eggs are one of the richest sources of cholesterol in the diet. However, large-scale epidemiological studies have found only tenuous associations between the intake of eggs and cardiovascular disease risk. Well-controlled, clinical studies show the impact of dietary cholesterol challenges via egg intake on serum lipids is highly variable, with the majority of individuals (~2/3 of the population) having only minimal responses, while those with a significant response increase both LDL and HDL-cholesterol, typically with a maintenance of the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. Recent drug trials targeting HDL-cholesterol have been unsuccessful in reducing cardiovascular events, and thus it is unclear if raising HDL-cholesterol with chronic egg intake is beneficial. Other important changes with egg intake include potentially favorable effects on lipoprotein particle profiles and enhancing HDL function. Overall, the increased HDL-cholesterol commonly observed with dietary cholesterol feeding in humans appears to also coincide with improvements in other markers of HDL function. However, more investigation into the effects of dietary cholesterol on HDL functionality in humans is warranted. There are other factors found in eggs that may influence risk for heart disease by reducing serum lipids, such as phospholipids, and these may also modify the response to dietary cholesterol found in eggs. In this review, we discuss how eggs and dietary cholesterol affect serum cholesterol concentrations, as well as more advanced lipoprotein measures, such as lipoprotein particle profiles and HDL metabolism.
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Mitra B, Zabetakis I. Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to be Concerned? Foods 2018; 7:E29. [PMID: 29494487 PMCID: PMC5867544 DOI: 10.3390/foods7030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of death and morbidity globally and diet plays a crucial role in the disease prevention and pathology. The negative perception of dairy fats stems from the effort to reduce dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake due to their association with increased cholesterol levels upon consumption and the increased risk of CVD development. Institutions that set dietary guidelines have approached dairy products with negative bias and used poor scientific data in the past. As a result, the consumption of dairy products was considered detrimental to our cardiovascular health. In western societies, dietary trends indicate that generally there is a reduction of full-fat dairy product consumption and increased low-fat dairy consumption. However, recent research and meta-analyses have demonstrated the benefits of full-fat dairy consumption, based on higher bioavailability of high-value nutrients and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, the relationship between dairy consumption, cardiometabolic risk factors and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Functional dairy foods and the health implications of dairy alternatives are also considered. In general, evidence suggests that milk has a neutral effect on cardiovascular outcomes but fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, kefir and cheese may have a positive or neutral effect. Particular focus is placed on the effects of the lipid content on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | | | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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Capetti AF, Cossu MV, Sterrantino G, Barbarini G, Di Giambenedetto S, De Socio GV, Orofino G, Di Biagio A, Celesia BM, Rusconi S, Argenteri B, Rizzardini G. Dolutegravir Plus Rilpivirine as a Switch Option in cART-Experienced Patients: 96-Week Data. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 52:740-746. [PMID: 29482352 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018761600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from clinical studies confirm the efficacy of switching to dolutegravir (DTG) plus rilpivirine (RPV) in selected patients. OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to report the 96-week virological suppression in our cohort, assessing the durability of this strategy in complicated situations. The secondary objective is to describe the safety and metabolic profile. METHODS All patients who had switched to DTG plus RPV between October 1, 2014, and September 30, 2015, were analyzed using a retrospective-prospective design, approved by ethics committees. Routine metabolic, immunological, and virological data were regularly sent to the coordinating center. Viral control was classified as HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL, 1 to 49 copies/mL, or undetectable (no virus detected [NVD]). RESULTS We followed 145 patients for a median of 101 weeks. The median age was 52 years; 31.7% were women, and 9.6% non-Caucasian; 50.3% had failed at least 1 antiretroviral regimen; and 15% had ≥50 copies/mL at baseline. The reasons for switching were as follows: simplification (51.7%), toxicity (36.5%), drug-drug interactions (6.9%), persistent low-level viremia (3.0%), nonadherence (2.1%), and viral failure (1.4%). By week 96, seven patients dropped out. At week 96, none had ≥50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, 138 (95.2%) had <50 copies/mL, and 123 (84.8%) had NVD. The low- to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio decreased significantly ( P = 0.04). Of the 287 baseline altered laboratory parameters, 32.7% normalized by week 96. Serum glucose and total- and LDL-cholesterol normalization were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Switching to DTG plus RPV improved viral suppression and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuliano Rizzardini
- 1 ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,9 Whitwaterstrand University, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lemos BS, Medina-Vera I, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of 3 Eggs per Day When Compared to a Choline Bitartrate Supplement, Downregulates Cholesterol Synthesis without Changing the LDL/HDL Ratio. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020258. [PMID: 29495288 PMCID: PMC5852834 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is associated with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The impact of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipid concentrations still remains a concern. The effects of egg intake in comparison to choline bitartrate supplement was studied in a young, healthy population. Thirty participants were enrolled for a 13-week intervention. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomized to consume either 3 eggs/day or a choline bitartrate supplement (~400 mg choline for both treatments) for 4-weeks each. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo) concentrations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of regulatory genes for cholesterol homeostasis were assessed at the end of each intervention. Dietary intakes of saturated and monounsaturated fat were higher with the consumption of eggs compared to the choline period. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (7.5%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (5%) and LDL-C (8.1%) were observed with egg consumption (p < 0.01), while no change was seen in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, a key marker of heart disease risk. Compared to choline supplementation, intake of eggs resulted in higher concentrations of plasma apoA-I (8%) and apoE (17%) with no changes in apoB. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression were lower with egg consumption by 18% and 31%, respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting a compensation to the increased dietary cholesterol load. Therefore, dietary cholesterol from eggs appears to regulate endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in such a way that the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodologia de Investigacion, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, CD Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
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