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Azuma N, Saito Y, Nishijima T, Aoki R, Nishihira J. Effect of daily ingestion of Bifidobacterium and dietary fiber on vascular endothelial function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:86-96. [PMID: 37849220 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (GCL2505) improves the intestinal microbiota and reduces human visceral fat. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to examine the effects of inulin, a prebiotic dietary fiber, and GCL2505 on vascular endothelial function in healthy subjects (n = 60). The test drink contained 2.0 g/100 g inulin and 1.0 × 1010 colony-forming units/100 g GCL2505 and was consumed daily for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation was set as the primary endpoint. Subgroup analysis of vascular endothelial function demonstrated a significant increase in the change of flow-mediated dilation (%) from weeks 0 to 12 in the GCL2505 and inulin group (n = 24) compared with the placebo group (n = 23), while an improving trend in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were confirmed. Our results indicated that the test drink had a positive effect on vascular endothelial function and related blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishijima
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Nagata N, Takeuchi T, Masuoka H, Aoki R, Ishikane M, Iwamoto N, Sugiyama M, Suda W, Nakanishi Y, Terada-Hirashima J, Kimura M, Nishijima T, Inooka H, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Kojima Y, Shimokawa C, Hisaeda H, Zhang F, Yeoh YK, Ng SC, Uemura N, Itoi T, Mizokami M, Kawai T, Sugiyama H, Ohmagari N, Ohno H. Human Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites Impact Immune Responses in COVID-19 and Its Complications. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:272-288. [PMID: 36155191 PMCID: PMC9499989 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigate interrelationships between gut microbes, metabolites, and cytokines that characterize COVID-19 and its complications, and we validate the results with follow-up, the Japanese 4D (Disease, Drug, Diet, Daily Life) microbiome cohort, and non-Japanese data sets. METHODS We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics on stools and cytokine measurements on plasma from 112 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 112 non-COVID-19 control individuals matched by important confounders. RESULTS Multiple correlations were found between COVID-19-related microbes (eg, oral microbes and short-chain fatty acid producers) and gut metabolites (eg, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, and vitamin B6). Both were also linked to inflammatory cytokine dynamics (eg, interferon γ, interferon λ3, interleukin 6, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10). Such interrelationships were detected highly in severe disease and pneumonia; moderately in the high D-dimer level, kidney dysfunction, and liver dysfunction groups; but rarely in the diarrhea group. We confirmed concordances of altered metabolites (eg, branched-chain amino acids, spermidine, putrescine, and vitamin B6) in COVID-19 with their corresponding microbial functional genes. Results in microbial and metabolomic alterations with severe disease from the cross-sectional data set were partly concordant with those from the follow-up data set. Microbial signatures for COVID-19 were distinct from diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and proton-pump inhibitors but overlapping for rheumatoid arthritis. Random forest classifier models using microbiomes can highly predict COVID-19 and severe disease. The microbial signatures for COVID-19 showed moderate concordance between Hong Kong and Japan. CONCLUSIONS Multiomics analysis revealed multiple gut microbe-metabolite-cytokine interrelationships in COVID-19 and COVID-19related complications but few in gastrointestinal complications, suggesting microbiota-mediated immune responses distinct between the organ sites. Our results underscore the existence of a gut-lung axis in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuoka
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishikane
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan,Department of Viral Pathogenesis and Controls, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakanishi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junko Terada-Hirashima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moto Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research Strategic Planning Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Inooka
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimokawa
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center, Hong Kong, China,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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Nishijima T, Tamura K. EDUCATION AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN GERIATRIC ONCOLOGY: A JAPANESE NATIONWIDE SURVEY. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anzawa D, Mawatari T, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto M, Genda T, Takahashi S, Nishijima T, Kamasaka H, Suzuki S, Kuriki T. Effects of synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 and inulin on intestinal bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1828-1837. [PMID: 31139397 PMCID: PMC6526661 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown the bifidogenic effects of either probiotic bifidobacteria or inulin, and this bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for their positive impact on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotics containing the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) GCL2505 and inulin on the levels of intestinal bifidobacteria compared with B. lactis GCL2505 alone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was carried out involving 60 healthy subjects with a tendency for constipation using fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin (synbiotic), only B. lactis GCL2505 (probiotic), and placebo. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each 2-week intervention period, and the bifidobacterial count was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The numbers of total bifidobacteria and B. lactis in feces were significantly increased during the probiotic and synbiotic intake periods compared with the placebo intake period. Furthermore, the numbers of total bifidobacteria and endogenous bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the synbiotic intake period compared with the probiotic intake period, while there was no difference in the number of B. lactis. These results suggested that the synbiotics containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin had a greater effect on the number of bifidobacteria than a drink containing probiotics alone and could be useful for the improvement of the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Anzawa
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | | | | | - Mio Yamamoto
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Tomomi Genda
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Satoru Suzuki
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care ClinicTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Kuriki
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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Hosokawa K, Nishijima T, Kizawa T, Endo F, Sakurai S. Comparison of sleep latency measured by the oxford sleep resistance test and simultaneous EEG in Japanese patients. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Judd A, Zangerle R, Touloumi G, Warszawski J, Meyer L, Dabis F, Mary Krause M, Ghosn J, Leport C, Wittkop L, Reiss P, Wit F, Prins M, Bucher H, Gibb D, Fätkenheuer G, Julia DA, Obel N, Thorne C, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Stephan C, Pérez-Hoyos S, Hamouda O, Bartmeyer B, Chkhartishvili N, Noguera-Julian A, Antinori A, d’Arminio Monforte A, Brockmeyer N, Prieto L, Rojo Conejo P, Soriano-Arandes A, Battegay M, Kouyos R, Mussini C, Tookey P, Casabona J, Miró JM, Castagna A, Konopnick D, Goetghebuer T, Sönnerborg A, Quiros-Roldan E, Sabin C, Teira R, Garrido M, Haerry D, de Wit S, Miró JM, Costagliola D, d’Arminio-Monforte A, Castagna A, del Amo J, Mocroft A, Raben D, Chêne G, Judd A, Pablo Rojo C, Barger D, Schwimmer C, Termote M, Wittkop L, Campbell M, Frederiksen CM, Friis-Møller N, Kjaer J, Raben D, Salbøl Brandt R, Berenguer J, Bohlius J, Bouteloup V, Bucher H, Cozzi-Lepri A, Dabis F, d’Arminio Monforte A, Davies MA, del Amo J, Dorrucci M, Dunn D, Egger M, Furrer H, Grabar S, Guiguet M, Judd A, Kirk O, Lambotte O, Leroy V, Lodi S, Matheron S, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mocroft A, Monge S, Nakagawa F, Paredes R, Phillips A, Puoti M, Rohner E, Schomaker M, Smit C, Sterne J, Thiebaut R, Thorne C, Torti C, van der Valk M, Wittkop L, Tanser F, Vinikoor M, Macete E, Wood R, Stinson K, Garone D, Fatti G, Giddy J, Malisita K, Eley B, Fritz C, Hobbins M, Kamenova K, Fox M, Prozesky H, Technau K, Sawry S, Benson CA, Bosch RJ, Kirk GD, Boswell S, Mayer KH, Grasso C, Hogg RS, Richard Harrigan P, Montaner JSG, Yip B, Zhu J, Salters K, Gabler K, Buchacz K, Brooks JT, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Rabkin C, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, D’Souza G, Klein MB, Rourke SB, Rachlis AR, Cupido P, Hunter-Mellado RF, Mayor AM, John Gill M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Patel P, Brooks JT, Saag MS, Mugavero MJ, Willig J, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Sterling TR, Haas D, Rebeiro P, Turner M, Bebawy S, Rogers B, Justice AC, Dubrow R, Fiellin D, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Moore RD, Saag MS, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Horberg MA, Klein MB, McKaig RG, Freeman AM, Moore RD, Freeman AM, Lent C, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Morton L, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Gange SJ, Althoff KN, Abraham AG, Lau B, Zhang J, Jing J, Modur S, Wong C, Hogan B, Desir F, Liu B, You B, Cahn P, Cesar C, Fink V, Sued O, Dell’Isola E, Perez H, Valiente J, Yamamoto C, Grinsztejn B, Veloso V, Luz P, de Boni R, Cardoso Wagner S, Friedman R, Moreira R, Pinto J, Ferreira F, Maia M, Célia de Menezes Succi R, Maria Machado D, de Fátima Barbosa Gouvêa A, Wolff M, Cortes C, Fernanda Rodriguez M, Allendes G, William Pape J, Rouzier V, Marcelin A, Perodin C, Tulio Luque M, Padgett D, Sierra Madero J, Crabtree Ramirez B, Belaunzaran P, Caro Vega Y, Gotuzzo E, Mejia F, Carriquiry G, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Sterling T, Jayathilake K, Person AK, Rebeiro PF, Giganti M, Castilho J, Duda SN, Maruri F, Vansell H, Ly PS, Khol V, Zhang FJ, Zhao HX, Han N, Lee MP, Li PCK, Lam W, Chan YT, Kumarasamy N, Saghayam S, Ezhilarasi C, Pujari S, Joshi K, Gaikwad S, Chitalikar A, Merati TP, Wirawan DN, Yuliana F, Yunihastuti E, Imran D, Widhani A, Tanuma J, Oka S, Nishijima T, Na S, Choi JY, Kim JM, Sim BLH, Gani YM, David R, Kamarulzaman A, Syed Omar SF, Ponnampalavanar S, Azwa I, Ditangco R, Uy E, Bantique R, Wong WW, Ku WW, Wu PC, Ng OT, Lim PL, Lee LS, Ohnmar PS, Avihingsanon A, Gatechompol S, Phanuphak P, Phadungphon C, Kiertiburanakul S, Sungkanuparph S, Chumla L, Sanmeema N, Chaiwarith R, Sirisanthana T, Kotarathititum W, Praparattanapan J, Kantipong P, Kambua P, Ratanasuwan W, Sriondee R, Nguyen KV, Bui HV, Nguyen DTH, Nguyen DT, Cuong DD, An NV, Luan NT, Sohn AH, Ross JL, Petersen B, Cooper DA, Law MG, Jiamsakul A, Boettiger DC, Ellis D, Bloch M, Agrawal S, Vincent T, Allen D, Smith D, Rankin A, Baker D, Templeton DJ, O’Connor CC, Thackeray O, Jackson E, McCallum K, Ryder N, Sweeney G, Cooper D, Carr A, Macrae K, Hesse K, Finlayson R, Gupta S, Langton-Lockton J, Shakeshaft J, Brown K, Idle S, Arvela N, Varma R, Lu H, Couldwell D, Eswarappa S, Smith DE, Furner V, Smith D, Cabrera G, Fernando S, Cogle A, Lawrence C, Mulhall B, Boyd M, Law M, Petoumenos K, Puhr R, Huang R, Han A, Gunathilake M, Payne R, O’Sullivan M, Croydon A, Russell D, Cashman C, Roberts C, Sowden D, Taing K, Marshall P, Orth D, Youds D, Rowling D, Latch N, Warzywoda E, Dickson B, Donohue W, Moore R, Edwards S, Boyd S, Roth NJ, Lau H, Read T, Silvers J, Zeng W, Hoy J, Watson K, Bryant M, Price S, Woolley I, Giles M, Korman T, Williams J, Nolan D, Allen A, Guelfi G, Mills G, Wharry C, Raymond N, Bargh K, Templeton D, Giles M, Brown K, Hoy J. Comparison of Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults Across 5 Continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:1316-1326. [PMID: 28531260 PMCID: PMC5850623 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. METHODS We included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS We included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) than in women. Comparing patients with current CD4 cell counts ≥700 cells/µL with those whose counts were <50 cells/µL, the KS risk was halved in South Africa (aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, .17-1.63) but reduced by ≥95% in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite important ART-related declines in KS incidence, men and women in South Africa and men who have sex with men remain at increased KS risk, likely due to high human herpesvirus 8 coinfection rates. Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS incidence worldwide, but additional measures might be needed, especially in Southern Africa.
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Trueba-Saiz A, Fernandez AM, Nishijima T, Mecha M, Santi A, Munive V, Aleman IT. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulates Its Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:349-355. [PMID: 27792405 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) in brain pathology is still unclear. Thus, either reduction of IGF-IR or treatment with IGF-1, two apparently opposite actions, has proven beneficial in brain diseases such as Alzheimer's dementia. A possible explanation of this discrepancy is that IGF-1 down-regulates brain IGF-1R levels, as previously seen in a mouse Alzheimer's dementia model. We now explored whether under normal conditions IGF-1 modulates its receptor. We first observed that in vitro, IGF-1 reduced IGF-1R mRNA levels in all types of brain cells including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocytes. IGF-1 also inhibited its own expression in neurons and brain endothelium. Next, we analyzed the in vivo actions of IGF-1. Because serum IGF-1 can enter the brain, we injected mice with IGF-1 ip. As soon as 1 hour after the injection, decreased hippocampal IGF-1 levels were observed, followed by increased IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNAs 6 hours later. Because environmental enrichment (EE) stimulates the entrance of serum IGF-1 into the brain, we analyzed whether a physiological entrance of IGF-1 also produced changes in brain IGF-1R. Stimulation of IGF-1R by EE triggered a gradual decrease in hippocampal IGF-1 levels. After 6 hours of EE exposure, IGF-1 levels reached a significant decrease in parallel with increased IGF-1R expression. After longer times, IGF-1R mRNA levels returned to baseline. Thus, under nonpathological conditions, IGF-1 regulates brain IGF-1R. Because baseline IGF-1R levels are rapidly restored, a tight control of brain IGF-1R expression seems to operate under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Nishijima
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, and Ciberned , Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mecha
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, and Ciberned , Madrid, Spain
| | - A Santi
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, and Ciberned , Madrid, Spain
| | - V Munive
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, and Ciberned , Madrid, Spain
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Fujimura T, Shimotoyodome Y, Nishijima T, Sugata K, Taguchi H, Moriwaki S. Changes in hydration of the stratum corneum are the most suitable indicator to evaluate the irritation of surfactants on the skin. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:97-103. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Fujimura
- Biological Science Research; Kao Corporation; Tochigi Japan
| | | | - T. Nishijima
- Biological Science Research; Kao Corporation; Tochigi Japan
| | - K. Sugata
- Biological Science Research; Kao Corporation; Tochigi Japan
| | - H. Taguchi
- Biological Science Research; Kao Corporation; Tochigi Japan
| | - S. Moriwaki
- Biological Science Research; Kao Corporation; Tochigi Japan
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Takahashi S, Anzawa D, Takami K, Ishizuka A, Mawatari T, Kamikado K, Sugimura H, Nishijima T. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 on visceral fat accumulation in healthy Japanese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2016; 35:163-171. [PMID: 27867803 PMCID: PMC5107634 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2016-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 (B. lactis GCL2505) is able to survive passage through the
intestine and then proliferate, leading to an increase in the amount of gut bifidobacteria. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of B.
lactis GCL2505 on abdominal visceral fat storage in overweight and mildly obese Japanese adults. This clinical study was a double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative trial performed for 12 weeks. Healthy Japanese subjects (N=137) with body mass indices ranging from 23 to 30
kg/m2 consumed either fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 or a placebo every day, and then visceral and subcutaneous
abdominal fat areas were measured by computed tomography as the primary endpoints. The number of fecal bifidobacteria was also measured. Visceral fat area, but
not subcutaneous fat area, was significantly reduced from baseline at 8 and 12 weeks in the GCL2505 group, compared with the placebo group. The total number of
fecal bifidobacteria was significantly increased in the GCL2505 group. These results indicate that B. lactis GCL2505 reduces abdominal visceral
fat, a key factor associated with metabolic disorders. This finding suggests that this probiotic strain can potentially serve as a specific functional food to
achieve visceral fat reduction in overweight or mildly obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takahashi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Daisuke Anzawa
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Takami
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizuka
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Mawatari
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamikado
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Haruhi Sugimura
- Medical Corporation Shinkokai C'est lavie Shimbashi Clinic, 2-39-3 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishijima
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
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Abstract
Aging impairs cerebrovascular plasticity and subsequently leads cerebral hypoperfusion, which synergistically accelerates aging-associated cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases associated with impaired neuronal plasticity. On the other hand, over two decades of researches have successfully demonstrated that exercise, or higher level of physical activity, is a powerful and nonpharmacological approach to improve brain function. Most of the studies have focused on the neuronal aspects and found that exercise triggers improvements in neuronal plasticity, such as neurogenesis; however, exercise can improve cerebrovascular plasticity as well. In this chapter, to understand these beneficial effects of exercise on the cerebral vasculature, we first discuss the issue of changes in cerebral blood flow and its regulation during acute bouts of exercise. Then, how regular exercise improves cerebrovascular plasticity will be discussed. In addition, to shed light on the importance of understanding interactions between the neuron and cerebral vasculature, we describe neuronal activity-driven uptake of circulating IGF-I into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - H Soya
- University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Aoki R, Tsuchida S, Arai Y, Ohno K, Nishijima T, Mawatari T, Mikami Y, Ushida K. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 on the physiological function of intestine in a rat model. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 4:782-790. [PMID: 27826427 PMCID: PMC5090641 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to proliferate in the human intestine. The intestinal dynamics and physiological effects of GCL2505 as well as the mechanism underlying proliferation in the gut were investigated. GCL2505 showed markedly higher resistance to free bile acids (cholic and deoxycholic acids) than other bifidobacterial species. The intestinal dynamics of GCL2505 and B. longum ssp. longum JCM1217T was compared. The level of B. animalis ssp. lactis in the GCL2505‐administered group was remarkably higher than that of B. longum in the JCM1217T‐administered group. The distribution of B. animalis ssp. lactis through the intestine of the GCL2505‐administered group revealed that GCL2505 proliferated in the cecum. The physiological effects of GCL2505 and JCM 1217T were investigated. The cecal IgA level in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the nontreated control group. In contrast, the JCM 1217T‐administered group did not manifest any change in the cecal IgA level. Mucin excretion in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the JCM 1217T‐administered group. The thickness of the sulfomucin layer of the colon in the GCL2505‐administered group tended to be higher than that in the JCM 1217T‐administered group. In a loperamide‐induced constipation model, fecal excretion in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly increased compared with that in the loperamide‐treated control group. Short‐chain fatty acid concentration in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the loperamide‐treated control group. These results indicate that the level of proliferation of probiotics in the intestine correlates with the magnitude of host physiological responses, such as IgA production and mucin secretion, which possibly affect gastrointestinal functions such as bowel movement to counteract constipation. GCL2505 exhibits high tolerance to secondary bile acids, which partially explains its higher rate of proliferation in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Aoki
- Instutute of Health Sciences Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd. Osaka Utajima Japan; Glico Dairy Products Co. Ltd. Akishima Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | - Yuri Arai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | - Konatsu Ohno
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | | | | | - Yumiko Mikami
- Instutute of Health Sciences Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd. Osaka Utajima Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
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12
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Koshioka M, Nishijima T, Yamazaki H, Liu Y, Nonaka M, Mander LN. Analysis of gibberellins in growing fruits ofLycopersicon esculentumafter pollination or treatment with 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14620316.1994.11515263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Tanaka Y, Takami K, Nishijima T, Aoki R, Mawatari T, Ikeda T. Short- and long-term dynamics in the intestinal microbiota following ingestion of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2015; 34:77-85. [PMID: 26594607 PMCID: PMC4639512 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (B. lactis
GCL2505) is able to survive passage through the intestines and proliferate. The daily dynamics of the
intestinal bifidobacteria following ingestion of probiotics are not yet clear. Moreover, the effects of
long-term ingestion of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota have not been well studied. Two experiments
were performed in the present study. In Experiment 1, 53 healthy female volunteers received B.
lactis GCL2505; B. bifidum GCL2080, which can survive but not proliferate in the
intestine; or yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus for 2 weeks, and the daily
dynamics of intestinal bifidobacteria were investigated. The number of fecal bifidobacteria significantly
increased on day 1, and this was maintained until day 14 in the B. lactis GCL2505 ingestion
group. However, no significant change in the number of fecal bifidobacteria was observed in the other groups
throughout the ingestion period. In Experiment 2, 38 constipated volunteers received either B.
lactis GCL2505 or a placebo for 8 weeks. Both the number of fecal bifidobacteria and the frequency
of defecation significantly increased throughout the ingestion period in the B. lactis
GCL2505 ingestion group. These results suggested that the proliferation of ingested bifidobacteria within the
intestine contributed to a rapid increase in the amount of intestinal bifidobacteria and subsequent
maintenance of these levels. Moreover, B. lactis GCL2505 improved the intestinal microbiota
more effectively than non-proliferating bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Institute of Health Science, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan ; R&D Division, Glico Dairy Products Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Takami
- R&D Division, Glico Dairy Products Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishijima
- R&D Division, Glico Dairy Products Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Institute of Health Science, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan ; R&D Division, Glico Dairy Products Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Mawatari
- Institute of Health Science, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan ; R&D Division, Glico Dairy Products Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Fuji Women's University, 4-5 Hanakawaminami, Ishikari-shi, Hokkaido 061-3204, Japan
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14
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Kinomura A, Suzuki R, Oshima N, O'Rourke BE, Nishijima T, Ogawa H. Digitized detection of gamma-ray signals concentrated in narrow time windows for transient positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:123110. [PMID: 25554275 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A pulsed slow-positron beam generated by an electron linear accelerator was directly used for positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy without any positron storage devices. A waveform digitizer was introduced to simultaneously capture multiple gamma-ray signals originating from positron annihilation events during a single accelerator pulse. The positron pulse was chopped and bunched with the chopper signals also sent to the waveform digitizer. Time differences between the annihilation gamma-ray and chopper peaks were calculated and accumulated as lifetime spectra in a computer. The developed technique indicated that positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy can be performed in a 20 μs time window at a pulse repetition rate synchronous with the linear accelerator. Lifetime spectra of a Kapton sheet and a thermally grown SiO2 layer on Si were successfully measured. Synchronization of positron lifetime measurements with pulsed ion irradiation was demonstrated by this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kinomura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - R Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - N Oshima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - B E O'Rourke
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - T Nishijima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - H Ogawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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15
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Inoue K, Hanaoka Y, Nishijima T, Okamoto M, Chang H, Saito T, Soya H. Long-term mild exercise training enhances hippocampus-dependent memory in rats. Int J Sports Med 2014; 36:280-5. [PMID: 25429548 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise training improves hippocampus-related cognition, the optimum exercise intensity is still disputed. Based on the lactate threshold (LT, approximately 20 m/min on treadmill) of rats, we have shown that 2 weeks of training with stress-free mild exercise (ME, <LT), but not intense exercise (IE, >LT), comprising exercise stress, promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis (Okamoto et al., PNAS, 2012), a potential substrate for memory improvement. These results led us to postulate that long-term ME, but not IE, training leads to improved hippocampal function as assessed with a Morris water maze (MWM) task. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the changes in physiological stress levels and MWM task performance in rats assigned to 6 weeks of sedentary control (CONT), ME-training or IE-training conditions. Results showed that, compared to the other conditions, only IE causes general adaptive syndrome (GAS), including adrenal hypertrophy, thymic atrophy and hypercorticosteronemia. In the MWM, ME led to enhanced memory, but not learning, compared with CONT, while IE produced no change in either capacity, probably due to GAS. These findings support the hypothesis that 6 weeks of continuous ME training leads to enhanced hippocampus-related memory, which may have implications for both healthy adults and subjects with low physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Hanaoka
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Nishijima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Chang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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16
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Asayama N, Nagata N, Shimbo T, Nishimura S, Igari T, Akiyama J, Ohmagari N, Hamada Y, Nishijima T, Yazaki H, Teruya K, Oka S, Uemura N. Relationship between clinical factors and severity of esophageal candidiasis according to Kodsi's classification. Dis Esophagus 2014; 27:214-9. [PMID: 23826847 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe Candida esophagitis (CE) may lead to development of strictures, hemorrhage, esophagotracheal fistula, and a consequent decrease in quality of life. Although the severity of CE has been classified based on macroscopic findings on endoscopy, the clinical significance remains unknown. The aim of the study was to elucidate the predictive clinical factors for endoscopic severity of CE. Patients who underwent upper endoscopy and answered questionnaires were prospectively enrolled. Smoking, alcohol, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, systemic steroids use, proton pump inhibitor use, H2 blocker use, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were assessed on the same day of endoscopy. GI symptoms including epigastric pain, heartburn, reflux, hunger cramps, nausea, dysphagia, and odynophagia were assessed on a 7-point Likert scale. Endoscopic severity was classified as mild (Kodsi's grade I/II) or severe (grade III/IV). Of 1855 patients, 71 (3.8%) were diagnosed with CE (mild, n = 48; severe, n = 23). In the CE patients, 50.0% (24/48) in the mild group and 23.1% (6/23) in the severe group did not have any GI symptoms. In HIV-infected patients (n = 17), a significant correlation was found between endoscopic severity and declining CD4 cell count (Spearman's rho = -0.90; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that GI symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 3.32) and HIV infection (OR, 3.81) were independently associated with severe CE. Patients in the severe group experienced more epigastric pain (P = 0.02), reflux symptoms (P = 0.04), dysphagia (P = 0.05), and odynophagia (P < 0.01) than those in the mild group. Of the GI symptoms, odynophagia was independently associated with severe CE (OR 9.62, P = 0.02). In conclusion, the prevalence of CE in adults who underwent endoscopy was 3.8%. Silent CE was found in both mild and severe cases. Endoscopic severity was associated with characteristic GI symptoms and comorbidity of HIV infection. A decline in immune function correlated with CE disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Asayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Amemiya S, Noji T, Kubota N, Nishijima T, Kita I. Noradrenergic modulation of vicarious trial-and-error behavior during a spatial decision-making task in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 265:291-301. [PMID: 24480363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deliberation between possible options before making a decision is crucial to responding with an optimal choice. However, the neural mechanisms regulating this deliberative decision-making process are still unclear. Recent studies have proposed that the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system plays a role in attention, behavioral flexibility, and exploration, which contribute to the search for an optimal choice under uncertain situations. In the present study, we examined whether the LC-NA system relates to the deliberative process in a T-maze spatial decision-making task in rats. To quantify deliberation in rats, we recorded vicarious trial-and-error behavior (VTE), which is considered to reflect a deliberative process exploring optimal choices. In experiment 1, we manipulated the difficulty of choice by varying the amount of reward pellets between the two maze arms (0 vs. 4, 1 vs. 3, 2 vs. 2). A difficulty-dependent increase in VTE was accompanied by a reduction of choice bias toward the high reward arm and an increase in time required to select one of the two arms in the more difficult manipulation. In addition, the increase of c-Fos-positive NA neurons in the LC depended on the task difficulty and the amount of c-Fos expression in LC-NA neurons positively correlated with the occurrence of VTE. In experiment 2, we inhibited LC-NA activity by injection of clonidine, an agonist of the alpha2 autoreceptor, during a decision-making task (1 vs. 3). The clonidine injection suppressed occurrence of VTE in the early phase of the task and subsequently impaired a valuable choice later in the task. These results suggest that the LC-NA system regulates the deliberative process during decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amemiya
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - T Noji
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - N Kubota
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - T Nishijima
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - I Kita
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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18
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Nishijima T, Ono T, Morihisa K, Kugimiya F, Fukushima H, Sumida H, Noda K, Oshima S. Direct flow utilizing the angiosome concept is valuable for salvaging limbs in critical limb ischemia patients. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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19
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Hamada Y, Nishijima T, Komatsu H, Gatanaga H, Oka S. Reply to Tattevin et al. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:1186-7. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Kasahara Y, Nishijima T, Sato T, Takeuchi Y, Ye JT, Yuan HT, Shimotani H, Iwasa Y. Electrostatically and electrochemically induced superconducting state realized in electrochemical cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/400/2/022049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Nishijima T. An approach to improvement of pore conspicuousness caused by epidermal structure on cheek. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00550_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Nishijima T, Iwai K, Saito Y, Takida Y, Matsue H. Chronic ingestion of apple pectin can enhance the absorption of quercetin. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:2583-2587. [PMID: 19292474 DOI: 10.1021/jf803547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of apple pectin (AP) on quercetin and rutin bioavailability was investigated. Rats received a basal (control) or AP-containing diet for 6 weeks followed by orally administered quercetin or rutin. With quercetin administration, the maximum concentration and area under the curve of concentration-time from 0 to 24 h for the sum of quercetin metabolites in the plasma were significantly higher in AP-fed rats than in the control group. However, AP did not significantly affect rutin bioavailability. The crypt depth of the jejunum and ileum and the villus thickness of the ileum of AP-fed rats were significantly greater than those of control rats. These results demonstrate that chronic AP ingestion enhances intestinal absorption of quercetin. This increase in quercetin absorption might be attributed to alteration of the absorptive capacity of the small intestine through AP-induced improvement of its morphological and physiological properties.
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Matsuo T, Takuma K, Tsutsui Y, Nishijima T. ELECTRON-TRANSFER ACROSS INTERFACES BETWEEN WATER AND HYDROPHOBIC REGION AS CATALYZED BY PHOTOEXCITED AMPHIPATHIC RUTHENIUM COMPLEX. J COORD CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00958978008081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Takahashi S, Nakano T, Suzuki K, Yamada H, Ohtsuka K, Chiba T, Nishijima T. Validity of Dynamics Model for Estimation of VO2 and VCO2 During 12-Minute Run. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Takahashi S, Nakano T, Suzuki K, Chiba T, Nishijima T, Tanaka K. APPLICATION OF EXPIRED GAS SIMULATION BY SYSTEM DYNAMICS TO CONSTANT WORK RATE EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200305001-01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Abstract
The relationship between functional fitness status and life satisfaction was assessed in older Japanese people from the perspective of quality of life (QOL). A total of 123 older men and women (M = 74.3 years, SD = 5.4) participated in the study. The questionnaire contained 21 questions covering eight structural factors pertaining to the feelings of life satisfaction in older people. The functional fitness test consisted of nine items representing the following five areas of fitness: muscular strength, agility, coordination, balance, and flexibility. The analysis revealed no overall correlation between the total fitness and the total life satisfaction scores, but some of the life satisfaction factors were significantly related to some functional fitness items (P < .01). The results suggest it is important for older people to maintain their functional fitness in order to manage a high quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chang
- University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Mori N, Kodama T, Sakai A, Suzuki T, Sugihara T, Yamaguchi S, Nishijima T, Aoki A, Toriya M, Kasai M, Hatano S, Kitagawa M, Yoshimi A, Nishimura K. AS-924, a novel, orally active, bifunctional prodrug of ceftizoxime: physicochemical properties, oral absorption in animals, and antibacterial activity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18:451-61. [PMID: 11711261 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AS-924 is an oral prodrug of the antibiotic ceftizoxime (CTIZ), a parenteral use cephalosporin. This novel prodrug, produced by esterifying CTIZ with a lipophilic pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) group and introducing a water soluble L-alanyl group, is expected to increase the bioavailability and thereby, augment the antibacterial activity of CTIZ in vivo compared with existing prodrugs. To study the effect of the L-alanyl group in AS-924 on its bioavailability, the plasma concentration profiles of CTIZ in dogs were examined following the dosing of AS-924 and CTIZ-POM, in powder form, after pretreatment with the antacid ranitidine, and following the dosing of AS-924 after pretreatment with a gastrointestinal motility stimulant metoclopramide or suppressant scopolamine butylbromide. The absorption rate of AS-924 was constant under these different conditions due to its unique balance of lipophilicity and water solubility. CTIZ is as antibacterially active as pre-existing oral cephalosporins against Gram-positive clinical isolates, while being more active against all Gram-negative isolates-particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. A simulation model for the eradication profile of bacteria in computer programmed pharmacokinetic (PK) system was carried out to study the antibacterial action of CTIZ in human. CTIZ was proven to eradicate Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae effectively, while cefpodoxime (CPOD), the active moiety of CPOD proxetil, eradicated S. pneumoniae, but not H. influenzae. These results confirm that, AS-924 is a potent oral antibiotic and would be expected to be clinically effective and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mori
- Institute for Life Science Research, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku Ohito cho, Tagata-gun, 410-2321, Shizuoka, Japan.
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28
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Matsunaga N, Nishijima T, Hattori K, Iizasa H, Yamamoto K, Kizu J, Takanaka A, Morikawa A, Nakashima E. Application of the PKCYP-test to predict the amount of in vivo CYP2C11 using tolbutamide as a probe. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1305-10. [PMID: 11725969 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that the determination of drug metabolism capacity can be made by the pharmacokinetic estimation of the quantity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in vivo (PKCYP-test), in which an apparent liver-to-blood free concentration gradient in vivo (qg) is introduced, which is useful for evaluating fluctuations of CYPIA2 in rats. The aim of the present study was to examine the application of the PKCYP-test to evaluate the quantity of in vivo CYP2C11 by using tolbutamide as a probe, to confirm its validity using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic rat model. Rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4-treated rats) were used as a model for low levels of CYP2C11 in the liver. In CCl4-treated rats, the total body clearance (CLtot) of tolbutamide and the amount of CYP2C11 fell to about a quarter and a third of that in control rats, respectively. The time-course of tolbutamide concentrations in serum in control rats could be simulated by a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. In CCl4-treated rats, take into consideration the qg value of control rats, the level of CYP2C11 was accurately predicted by the PKCYP-test, and the time-course of tolbutamide concentrations in serum could be predicted by the same physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. In conclusion, we have shown that the PKCYP-test can be used to predict levels of CYP2C11. It was also demonstrated that the qg and amount of CYP are useful parameters in the PKCYP-test by constructing a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model which was applied to the PKCYP-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamashita N, Nakayama Y, Tsumura K, Nishijima T, Ueda H, Yoshimaru K, Hayashi T, Yoshikawa J. Pulsatility of brachial artery pressure is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in men. J Hypertens 2001; 19:1589-93. [PMID: 11564978 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200109000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the pulsatility of brachial artery pressure is related to an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). On the basis of vascular mechanics, we recently reported that relative pulse pressure can predict the occurrence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. We also hypothesized that relative pulse pressure of the brachial arterial pressure waveform is associated with an increased risk of CAD. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PATIENTS We enrolled 172 men who had the same cardiac performances. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured their brachial artery pressures with a sphygmomanometer. To quantify the relative magnitude of the pulsatility to diastolic pressure, we made use of the ratio of pulse pressure to diastolic pressure (PP/DP). We investigated the effects of the PP/DP in relation to the risk of CAD. RESULTS PP/DP was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The prevalence rates of significant stenosis were 28.1% for the lowest, 43.1% for the middle and 49.1% for the highest tertile of PP/DP levels. The age-adjusted odds ratio of CAD was 2.23 (95% confidence interval 0.98-5.04) for the middle tertile of the PP/DP level and 2.55 (1.10-5.93) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS The pulsatility of the brachial artery pressure was associated with an increased risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Ishikiriseiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Niki T, Nishijima T, Nakayama M, Hisamatsu T, Oyama-Okubo N, Yamazaki H, Hedden P, Lange T, Mander LN, Koshioka M. Production of dwarf lettuce by overexpressing a pumpkin gibberellin 20-oxidase gene. Plant Physiol 2001; 126:965-72. [PMID: 11457947 PMCID: PMC116453 DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.3.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2000] [Revised: 12/22/2000] [Accepted: 02/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of overexpressing a pumpkin gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase gene encoding an enzyme that forms predominantly biologically inactive products on GA biosynthesis and plant morphology in transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv Vanguard) plants. Lettuce was transformed with the pumpkin GA 20-oxidase gene downstream of a strong constitutive promoter cassette (El2-35S-Omega). The transgenic plants in which the pumpkin gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction were dwarfed in the T(2) generation, whereas transformants with a normal growth phenotype did not contain the transgene. The result of Southern-blot analysis showed that the transgene was integrated as a single copy; the plants segregated three dwarfs to one normal in the T(2) generation, indicating that the transgene was stable and dominant. The endogenous levels of GA(1) and GA(4) were reduced in the dwarfs, whereas large amounts of GA(17) and GA(25), which are inactive products of the pumpkin GA 20-oxidase, accumulated in these lines. These results indicate that a functional pumpkin GA 20-oxidase is expressed in the transgenic lettuce, resulting in a diversion of the normal pathway of GA biosynthesis to inactive products. Furthermore, this technique may be useful for controlling plant stature in other agricultural and horticultural species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niki
- National Institute of Floricultural Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
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31
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Nishijima T, Nakayama Y, Tsumura K, Yamashita N, Yoshimaru K, Ueda H, Hayashi T, Yoshikawa J. Pulsatility of ascending aortic blood pressure waveform is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14:469-73. [PMID: 11368469 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(00)01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it was reported that pulse pressure of the peripheral artery could differentiate patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) from those without CHD, it is not known whether pulsatility of the ascending aortic pressure waveform differentiates patients with CHD from those without CHD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the pulsatility of ascending aortic pressure is associated with an increased risk of CHD. METHODS For this study, we enrolled 293 subjects who had chest pain, normal contractions, no local asynergy, and no history of myocardial infarction. We measured the ascending aortic pressure using a fluid-filled system. To quantify the relative magnitude of the pulsatile to mean artery pressure, we normalized the pulse pressure to the mean pressure and referred to this value as the fractional pulse pressure (PPf). We investigated the association between the PPf and the risk of CHD. RESULTS The PPf of the ascending aorta was associated with an increased risk of CHD. The multiple-adjusted odds ratio of CHD was 2.93 (95% CI, 1.44 to 5.94) for the middle tertile of the PPf level and was 3.93 (95% CI, 1.74 to 8.85) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile. CONCLUSION Ascending aortic pulsatility is related to an increased risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Department of Cardiology, Ishikiriseiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Nishijima T, Yatsushiro T, Muto T, Nogawa H, Tamura M, Kurosu M, Suzuki K, Yamada H, Ohtsuka K, Nakano T, Takahashi S. EFFECT OF WEEKLY EXERCISE AND SPORTS PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY SPORTS CLUB IN JAPANESE OLDER ADULTS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200105001-00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sugawara J, Hamada Y, Nishijima T, Matsuda M. Diurnal variations of post-exercise parasympathetic nervous reactivation in different chronotypes. Jpn Heart J 2001; 42:163-71. [PMID: 11384077 DOI: 10.1536/jhj.42.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diurnal variation and chronotype differences, i.e., in morning-types and evening-types, in post-exercise vagal reactivation. Twelve healthy male college students who were classified as morning-type (6) and evening-type (6), based on responses to a questionnaire, participated in this study. Postexercise vagal reactivation was assessed as the time constant of the beat-by-beat heart rate decrease for the first 30 sec after exercise (T30) at an intensity lower than the ventilatory threshold. The subjects performed 3-min cycle ergometer exercise at an intensity corresponding to 80% of the ventilatory threshold after a 1 min warm-up exercise in the morning (7:00 - 8:00) and evening (17:00 - 18:00) to obtain the T30. A significant interaction (chronotype-by-time) effect was found for T30. The morning value of the T30 in evening-type subjects was significantly larger than their evening value and the morning value in morning-type subjects. There was no significant interaction effect for heart rate and oxygen uptake during exercise. These results suggest that diurnal variation in post-exercise vagal reactivation is different between morning-type and evening-type, and post-exercise vagal reactivation in evening-type individuals is sluggish in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sugawara
- Doctoral Program in Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Seo N, Tokura Y, Nishijima T, Hashizume H, Furukawa F, Takigawa M. Percutaneous peptide immunization via corneum barrier-disrupted murine skin for experimental tumor immunoprophylaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:371-6. [PMID: 10618425 PMCID: PMC26670 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/1999] [Accepted: 10/01/1999] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
H-2K(b)-restricted tumor epitope peptides, including tyrosinase-related protein 2 residues 181-188 (TRP-2) and connexin 37 residues 52-59 (MUT1), were applied to permeability barrier-disrupted C57BL/6 (B6) mouse skin from which the stratum corneum of the epidermis had been removed by tape-stripping. This procedure primed tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the lymph nodes and spleen, protected mice against subsequent challenge with corresponding tumor cells, and suppressed the growth of established tumors. Preventive and therapeutic effectiveness was correlated with the frequency of tumor-specific CTL precursors. MHC class II Ia(b+) cells separated from tape-stripped skin, compared with those from intact skin, exhibited a strong antigen-presenting capacity for CTL, suggesting that CTL expansion after peptide application is primarily mediated by epidermal Langerhans cells. Thus, percutaneous peptide immunization via barrier-disrupted skin provides a simple and noninvasive means of inducing potent anti-tumor immunity which may be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
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Nishijima T, Saito Y, Aoki A, Toriya M, Toyonaga Y, Fujii R. Distribution of mefE and ermB genes in macrolide-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and their variable susceptibility to various antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 43:637-43. [PMID: 10382884 DOI: 10.1093/jac/43.5.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From February to October 1995, 62 erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated at Yamanashi Red Cross Hospital were tested to determine their susceptibility to various macrolides, subjected to resistance induction tests by the disc diffusion method and analysed for genes encoding resistance to macrolides (ermB and mefE). On the basis of resistance induction testing, the isolates were classified as having either inducible (59.7%) or non-inducible (40.3%) macrolide resistance. The ermB gene was always detected in resistance-inducible type isolates, either alone or in combination with mefE. The mefE gene alone was found only in non-inducible type isolates. Isolates with non-inducible resistance (those with only the mefE gene) had an intermediate level of resistance to 14-membered macrolides, and were susceptible to rokitamycin, a 16-membered macrolide. According to NCCLS guidelines, 9.6% of S. pneumoniae strains were judged to be susceptible to penicillin, 62.9% of reduced susceptibility and 27.4% penicillin resistant. No correlation was detected between the presence of particular macrolide-resistance genes (ermB, ermB + mefE, or mefE) and resistance to penicillin G.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Shizuoka-ken, Japan.
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Nishijima T, Tokura Y, Imokawa G, Takigawa M. Photohapten TCSA painting plus UVA irradiation of murine skin augments the expression of MHC class II molecules and CD86 on Langerhans cells. J Dermatol Sci 1999; 19:202-7. [PMID: 10215193 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(98)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hapten painting of skin is known to augment the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD54, and CD86 on Langerhans cells. We investigated whether painting with 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), the representative photohapten, and subsequent irradiation with ultraviolet A (UVA) alter the expression of these surface molecules on epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). BALB/c mice were painted with 5 microl of 0.1% TCSA on the earlobes and irradiated with 16 J/cm2 (at 365 nm) of UVA. Epidermal cells were prepared from these earlobes 24 h later, and the levels of MHC class II, CD54, CD80, and CD86 on these cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. As compared with untreated earlobes, the levels of MHC class II and CD86 on LC were markedly augmented and those of CD54 and CD80 were slightly elevated in earlobes treated with TCSA/UVA. Since neither TCSA painting nor UVA exposure alone enhanced the expression, both treatments were essential for enhancement. A dot plot analysis showed the presence of subpopulations of LC expressing MHC class II and CD86 at high levels. The percentage of these highly expressing LC was increased with increasing concentrations of TCSA and doses of UVA up to 1% and 24 J/cm2, respectively. In addition, keratinocyte expression of CD54 was also augmented by TCSA plus UVA. These results suggest that photohaptens, with following UVA exposure, augment the expression of immunologically functional molecules on LC as do ordinary haptens, leading to effective sensitization and elicitation of contact photoallergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan.
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Tsukahara T, Iihara K, Hashimoto N, Nishijima T, Taniguchi T. Increases in levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and its promoters after transient forebrain ischemia in the rat brain. Neurochem Int 1998; 33:201-7. [PMID: 9761465 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a role in the mechanism of neuronal cell death after cerebral ischemia. We investigated the changes in levels of mRNAs encoding BDNF and its promoters in the rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and systemic hypotension for 8 min. The alterations in BDNF gene expression in the hippocampus and in the cerebral cortex were examined by in situ hybridization using a mouse BDNF cDNA probe and cDNA probes including exon-specific promoters. BDNF transcripts were rapidly enhanced after the ischemic insult, both in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. NBQX suppressed the enhanced gene expression of BDNF markedly in the dentate gyrus (DG). In contrast, MK-801 had little effect on BDNF expression. In the piriform cortex, MK-801 or NBQX reduced the expression only moderately. After the ischemic insult, promoter specific BDNF 5'-exon I and exon III were increased remarkably in the DG. The increase in exon I in DG was suppressed partially by MK-801 and NBQX, while the increase in exon III in CA3 was suppressed by MK-801 but that in DG was not suppressed by either antagonist. In the piriform cortex, exon III was increased remarkably and this increase was not influenced by either agonist. These results suggest that the gene expression of BDNF was enhanced by transient ischemia both in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex and that the cerebral ischemia stimulated at least two different promoter- and neuron type-specific pathways regulating expression of the BDNF gene mediated by glutamate receptors of non-NMDA type and NMDA type.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsukahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Clinical Research Unit, Kyoto National Hospital, Fukakusa, Japan
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Hiratsuka A, Nishijima T, Okuda H, Ogura K, Watabe T. Rat liver theta-class glutathione S-transferases T1-1 and T2-2: their chromatographic, electrophoretic, immunochemical, and functional properties. Anal Biochem 1997; 252:229-37. [PMID: 9344408 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A method was established for simultaneously isolating Theta-class glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) T1-1 and T2-2 as homogeneous proteins from rat (r) liver cytosol. The established method of using an 8-aminooctyl Sepharose 4B column to separate rGSTT1-1 from rGSTT2-2 at the final stage of their purification was a modification of the method previously reported for the isolation of rGSTT2-2 (Hiratsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem., 265, 11973-11981, 1990). Specific substrates used for purification of the Theta-class rGSTs were dichloromethane for T1-1 and 5-sulfoxymethylchrysene for T2-2. rGSTsT1-1 and T2-2 existed at a ratio of 1:7 at a total concentration of 0.5% of that of the cytosolic protein. Purified rGSTsT1-1 and T2-2 were separated as single bands at 28 and 26.5 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as single peaks at retention times of 36 and 34 min, respectively, by reverse-phase partition high-performance liquid chromatography on a microBondasphere column eluted with a linear gradient of acetonitrile in water containing trifluoroacetic acid. Western blot analysis indicated that rabbit antisera raised against rGSTsT1-1 and T2-2 intensely reacted with the corresponding antigens, but showed no detectable reactivity with the different isoforms of Theta-class rGSTs as well as with representative hepatic rGSTs of other classes. The Theta-class rGSTs showed higher GSH peroxidase activity than rGSTA1-2 toward hydroperoxides of cumene, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid. Cumene hydroperoxide was a better substrate for rGST T1-1 than for rGST T2-2, while the fatty acid hydroperoxides were the better substrates for rGST T2-2 than for rGST T1-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hiratsuka
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Hachioji-shi, 192-03, Japan
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Nishijima T, Tokura Y, Imokawa G, Seo N, Furukawa F, Takigawa M. Altered permeability and disordered cutaneous immunoregulatory function in mice with acute barrier disruption. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109:175-82. [PMID: 9242504 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12319282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro T-cell-activating ability of murine epidermal cells (EC) was investigated in acutely barrier-disrupted skin by extraction of epidermal lipids with acetone or removal of corneocytes by tape stripping. Contact sensitivity (CS) to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and picryl chloride (PCl) and contact photosensitivity (CPS) to tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) were significantly augmented when challenged or sensitized at sites treated with acetone 24 h before, compared with the intact skin. CS to DNFB was also enhanced by tape stripping, but not by water rubbing, suggesting that physical stress or a toxic effect of acetone was not responsible for the augmentation. Semi-quantification of TCSA-EC photoadducts showed markedly increased permeability of hapten in the epidermis 24 h after acetone treatment. Bioactive IL-1alpha was more pronounced in barrier-disrupted than in intact skin. Lymph node T cells from PCl-sensitized mice proliferated significantly more in a hapten-specific and co-stimulatory molecule-dependent manner in response to trinitrophenylated (TNP) EC from acetone-treated skin than to those from untreated skin. Immunofluorescence staining of epidermal sheets and flow cytometric analysis of dispersed EC showed that subpopulations of Langerhans cells (LC) in acetone-rubbed or tape-stripped skin expressed major histocompatibility complex class II CD54 and CD86 molecules at levels higher than the rest of LC and LC from water-treated or untreated epidermis. Therefore, not only increased permeability of hapten through the epidermis but also altered immune functions of EC potentiate T-cell activation in acute barrier disruption. Such augmentation of immune reactivity may be critical to elimination of environmental noxious agents that penetrate easily into the barrier-disrupted epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handa-cho, Japan
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Nishijima T, Nishina M, Fujiwara K. Measurement of lactate levels in serum and bile using proton nuclear magnetic resonance in patients with hepatobiliary diseases: its utility in detection of malignancies. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997; 27:13-7. [PMID: 9070334 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/27.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) has been utilized for qualitative and quantitative measurement of the components of nonhomogeneous biological specimens, as it can analyze sensitively the chemical structure of organic compounds without pretreatment of the materials. Levels of lactate in serum and bile were measured by 1H-NMR in healthy volunteers and patients with non-malignant or malignant diseases of the liver and biliary tract, and the usefulness of such measurements for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary malignancies was determined. The mean (+/- SD) serum lactate levels were 0.52 +/- 0.33 mmol/l in five healthy volunteers, 1.38 +/- 1.59 mmol/l in 30 patients with non-malignant diseases and 2.95 +/- 2.00 mmol/l in 21 patients with malignant diseases, the differences among the three groups being significant. Biochemical enzymatic measurement of serum lactate levels revealed no such difference. In bile, the spectrum of lactate was observed in all of 16 patients with malignant diseases, but in none of two healthy volunteers and 12 patients with non-malignant diseases. The mean time required for the measurement was 36.77 min for serum and 6.40 min for bile. The measurement of lactate levels in serum and bile using 1H-NMR may be useful for the detection of hepatobiliary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan
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Abstract
Although quinolone antibacterial agents have both phototoxicity and photoallergenicity, the latter's potency has been poorly investigated compared with the former's. Some of the photoallergic chemicals serve as photohaptens, which lead to T-cell-mediated immune reactions after photobinding to protein by UVA radiation. We examined the photohaptenic potential of fluoroquinolones, including lomefloxacin (LFLX), ciplofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, fleroxacin, enoxacin and sparfloxacin (SPFX). The absorption spectra of the quinolones were altered by UVA irradiation, with an exception of SPFX that seems to be photostable toward UVA. Bovine serum albumin and murine epidermal cells were coupled with these fluoroquinolones other than SPFX by exposure to UVA. Subcutaneous inoculation of fluoroquinolone-photomodified epidermal cells induced and elicited a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in mice. However, epidermal cells incubated with LFLX without UVA exposure also induced and elicited a significant hypersensitivity reaction to a lesser degree than LFLX-photomodified epidermal cells. Furthermore, there was cross-reactivity between LFLX-photomodified epidermal cells and simply LFLX-incubated cells. This suggests that cells can be weakly modified with LFLX even in the dark and that UVA irradiation promotes this modification. Our study demonstrated that fluoroquinolones have photohaptenic properties to which their photoallergenicity is probably ascribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Tokura Y, Yagi H, Nishijima T, Furukawa F, Takigawa M. 147 Cross-reactivity of quinolones in T-cell responses to quinolone-photomodified cells. J Dermatol Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(96)89548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoffman U, Tokura Y, Nishijima T, Takigawa M, Paus R. Hair cycle-dependent changes in skin immune functions: anagen-associated depression of sensitization for contact hypersensitivity in mice. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:598-604. [PMID: 8617991 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12345103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether hair follicle cycling influences skin immunity, we examined the association between highly synchronized hair follicle cycling and experimental contact hypersensitivity in C57BL/6 mice. Hair cycle synchronization was performed by depilation of hair shafts on the back with telogen skin. Mice were sensitized on the lower back skin with picryl chloride between 0 and 25 d, after anagen induction by depilation, and challenged on the earlobes with picryl chloride 5 d later. The magnitude of contact hypersensitivity was significantly decreased in mice sensitized on day 1, was minimal on day 3 (early anagen), and slowly increased thereafter, reaching level comparable to day 0 on day 25 (telogen). The significantly depressed contact hypersensitivity response in anagen skin was confirmed in mice with spontaneously developed follicles. Lymph node cells taken from mice sensitized with picryl chloride on days 0, 1, and 3 after depilation were cultured in vitro in the presence of syngeneic, haptenized, Langerhans cell-enriched epidermal cells. Marked proliferative responses of lymph node cells to haptenized cells were found in mice not only of day 0, but also of days 1 and 3, suggesting that immune T cells exist even lymph node cells of the low-responsive mice. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that the number of intraepidermal Langerhans cells and their functions, including the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD54, and CD86, and mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reactions, were not changed in skin on days 0,1, and 3. These findings demonstrated that contact hypersensitivity is induced most effectively via skin with telogen hair follicles and that the depressed response in early anagen skin is not simply due to failure in Langerhans cell function or sensitization of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hoffman
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ishii T, Nishijima T. Inhibition of gibberellin-induced elongation growth of rice by feruloyl oligosaccharides. Plant Cell Physiol 1995; 36:1447-1451. [PMID: 8589928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of cell wall-derived feruloyl oligosaccharides was investigated using a modified micro-drop bioassay. A feruloyl arabinoxylan trisaccharide (FAXX) and a feruloyl arabinoxylan tetrasaccharide (FAXXX) were found to inhibit the gibberellin-induced elongation of dwarf rice (Oryza sativa L., cv, Tan-ginbozu) that had been treated with uniconazole (S-3307), an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellins. An arabinoxylan trisaccharide (AXX) was ineffective. The growth-inhibitory effect of feruloyl oligosaccharides depended on their feruloyl and glycosyl moieties. The amount of esterified diferulic acid residues in the cell walls of the second leaf sheath of rice seedlings that had been treated with FAXX was almost same as that of controls. Feruloyl oligosaccharides did not inhibit the incorporation of [14C]leucine into acid-precipitable proteins by suspension-cultured maize cells, whereas cinnamic acid and its derivatives strongly inhibited such incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
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45
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Abstract
Four patients treated with the herbal medicine syo-saiko-to (xiao-chai-hu-tang) exhibited acute drug-induced liver injury. The latent period was one and a half to three months. All of the patients showed a rise in aminotransferases after readministration or challenge test. The liver histology revealed centrilobular confluent necrosis or spotty necrosis, microvesicular fatty change, acidophilic degeneration, and a granuloma. Cholestasis was seen in two patients. The results of the [13C]aminopyrine breath test, performed in one patient, were low before the challenge test and even lower after the challenge. These findings suggest that the herbal medicine syo-saiko-to may induce acute injury or the hepatocellular pattern with variable cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Itoh
- Department of Medicine 3, Saitama Medical School, Japan
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47
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Nishijima T, Tokura Y, Imokawa G, Takigawa M. 178 Acute barrier disruption by acetone before sensitization augments murine contact hypersensitivity to dnfb but not FITC. J Dermatol Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(95)93889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Nishijima T, Kokudo S, Tanaka K, Shimamoto H, Noda Y, Ichimura K. MOTOR MOVEMENT CONTROL ABILITY IN STANDING LONG JUMP. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tanaka K, Kim HS, Yang JH, Shimamoto H, Kokudo S, Nishijima T. Index of assessing functional status in elderly Japanese men. Appl Human Sci 1995; 14:65-71. [PMID: 7749986 DOI: 10.2114/ahs.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to propose the equation of assessing the functional status of elderly adult Japanese men. A number of physical and motor performance measurements were collected from a group of 104 male volunteer subjects (mean age 76.4 +/- 5.8 years). Factor analysis with varimax criterion was applied to all the data. Five factors extracted were interpreted as follows: (1) coordination of the body, (2) flexibility of the trunk, (3) static balance, (4) muscular strength and endurance, and (5) cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, the factor score was computed for each individual by each factor. Each of the five factors were weighted in accordance with its relative contribution to the total variance (or the size of eigenvalue). The weighted combination of factor scores was summed to generate an index of functional status (IFS). Next, IFS scores were computed for each individual and normalized to T scores. Then, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the factor analytically derived IFS scores as the dependent variable: IFS = -0.625X1 + 0.604X2 + 0.346X3 + 0.223X4 + 0.465X5 + 0.082X6 + 0.114X7 + 0.199X8 + 0.019X9 + 0.071X10 + 19.76; where X1 = walking around two chairs in a figure 8 (sec), X2 = manipulating pegs in a pegboard (num), X3 = vertical jump (cm), X4 = sit and reach (cm), X5 = estimated maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min), X6 = balancing on one leg with eyes open (sec), X7 = grip strength (kg), X8 = trunk flexion from a standing position (cm), X9 = leg muscle endurance in a semi-squat position against a wall (sec), and X10 = balancing on one leg with eyes closed (sec) Thus, information on the 10 variables from five domains was statistically combined to a single score. The above equation was cross-validated in the other group of elderly men (n = 54). The mean IFS obtained for this group (50.0 +/- 8.3) was not significantly different from the validation group (50.0 +/- 10.0). It is apparent that the IFS has the potential to serve as another useful measure of high order, daily living activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Nishijima T, Tokura Y, Imokawa G, Takigawa M. Acute barrier disruption by acetone augments responsiveness of murine contact hypersensitivity. J Dermatol Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(94)90337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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