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Simomura VL, Miorando D, de Oliveira BMM, Mânica A, Bohnen LC, Buzatto MV, Kunst FM, Ansolin LD, Somensi LB, Vidal Gutiérrez M, Venzon L, de Queiroz E Silva TF, Mota da Silva L, Roman Junior WA. Aqueous extract of the bark of Uncaria tomentosa, an amazonian medicinal plant, promotes gastroprotection and accelerates gastric healing in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117542. [PMID: 38056537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Uncaria tomentosa Willd. DC., is used in the Amazonian region of South America, wherein ethnic groups use the plant to treat diseases, including gastric disorders. However, despite its widespread popular use, this species has yet to be assessed for its anti-ulcer effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vivo gastroprotective and gastric healing activities of an aqueous extract of the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (AEUt) and sought to gain an understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying these biological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS To verify the gastroprotective properties rats were treated with AEUt (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg) prior to inducing gastric ulceration with ethanol or piroxicam. Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NP-SH), α-2 adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins was investigated. Furthermore, a pylorus ligature model was employed to investigate the antisecretory activity of AEUt. The gastric healing effects of AEUt (60 mg/kg) were examined in rats in which ulceration had been induced with 80% acetic acid, whereas the quality of healing was evaluated in mice with interleukin-induced recurrent ulcers. We also evaluated the in vivo thickness of the gastric wall using ultrasonography. Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in ulcerated mucosa, and we determined the activities of the enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. In addition, we assessed the effects of AEUt on cell viability and subjected the AEUt to phytochemical analyses. RESULTS Administration of the AEUt (60 or 120 mg/kg) prevented ethanol- and piroxicam-induced ulceration, which was also confirmed histologically. Moreover, we observed that pre-treatment with NEM and indomethacin abolished the gastroprotective effects of AEUt, thereby indicating the involvement of NP-SH and prostaglandins in these protective effects. In addition, we found that the administration of AEUt had no appreciable effects on the volume, acidity, or peptic activity of gastric juice. Furthermore, the AEUt (60 mg/kg) accelerated the gastric healing of acetic acid-induced ulcers by 46.2% and ultrasonographic findings revealed a reduction in the gastric wall thickness in this group. The gastric healing effect of AEUt was also accompanied by a reduction in MPO activity. The AEUt (60 mg/kg) also minimized ulcer recurrence in mice exposed to IL-1β and was associated with the maintenance of GSH levels and a reduction in MDA contents. We deduce that the biological effects of AEUt could be associated with the activities of polyphenols and the alkaloids isomitraphylline and mitraphylline, identified as predominant constituents of the AEUt. Furthermore, we found no evidence to indicate that AEUt would have any cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence indicating the therapeutic efficacy of U. tomentosa. Our data indicate that compounds in AEUt confer gastroprotection and that this preventive effect of AEUt was accompanied by gastric healing and a reduction in gastric ulcer recurrence. Moreover, we provide evidence to indicate that the gastroprotective and gastric healing effects involve the antioxidant system and anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to preserving the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Lazari Simomura
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Miorando
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Mânica
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Caroline Bohnen
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maike Valentin Buzatto
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Community University of the Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Francine Mantelli Kunst
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Community University of the Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Damo Ansolin
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Community University of the Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Society, Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, CEP 89500-199, Caçador, SC, Brazil.
| | - Max Vidal Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Larissa Venzon
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil; TGI Pharmacology and its interactions Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, UFSC, SC, Brazil.
| | - Walter Antônio Roman Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Community University of the Chapecó Region, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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2
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Alanazi HH, Elasbali AM, Alanazi MK, El Azab EF. Medicinal Herbs: Promising Immunomodulators for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:8045. [PMID: 38138535 PMCID: PMC10745476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly at high risk of emerging pandemics caused by viral and bacterial infections. The emergence of new pandemics is mainly caused by evolved viruses and bacteria that are highly resistant to existing medications. The rapid evolution of infectious agents demands the urgent investigation of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat these infections at an early stage. One of these therapeutic strategies includes the use of medicinal herbs for their antibacterial and antiviral properties. The use of herbal medicines as remedies is very ancient and has been employed for centuries. Many studies have confirmed the antimicrobial activities of herbs against various pathogens in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of medicinal herbs is mainly attributed to the natural bioactive molecules present in these plants such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Different mechanisms have been proposed for how medicinal herbs enhance the immune system and combat pathogens. Such mechanisms include the disruption of bacterial cell membranes, suppression of protein synthesis, and limitation of pathogen replication through the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Medicinal herbs have been shown to treat a number of infectious diseases by modulating the immune system's components. For instance, many medicinal herbs alleviate inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1, IL-6) while promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10). Medicinal herbs also play a role in defense against viral and intracellular infections by enhancing the proliferation and functions of natural killer cells, T-helper-1 cells, and macrophages. In this review, we will explore the use of the most common herbs in preventing and treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. Using current and recently published studies, we focus on the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects induced by medicinal herbs to enhance immune responses during diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H. Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77455, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.); (E.F.E.A.)
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3
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Da A, Wu-Lu M, Dragelj J, Mroginski MA, Ebrahimi KH. Multi-structural molecular docking (MOD) combined with molecular dynamics reveal the structural requirements of designing broad-spectrum inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16387. [PMID: 37773489 PMCID: PMC10541870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New variants of SARS-CoV-2 that can escape immune response continue to emerge. Consequently, there is an urgent demand to design small molecule therapeutics inhibiting viral entry to host cells to reduce infectivity rate. Despite numerous in silico and in situ studies, the structural requirement of designing viral-entry inhibitors effective against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be described. Here we systematically screened the binding of various natural products (NPs) to six different SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) structures. We demonstrate that Multi-structural Molecular Docking (MOD) combined with molecular dynamics calculations allowed us to predict a vulnerable site of RBD and the structural requirement of ligands binding to this vulnerable site. We expect that our findings lay the foundation for in silico screening and identification of lead molecules to guide drug discovery into designing new broad-spectrum lead molecules to counter the threat of future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Da
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meritxell Wu-Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jovan Dragelj
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Barazorda-Ccahuana HL, Ranilla LG, Candia-Puma MA, Cárcamo-Rodriguez EG, Centeno-Lopez AE, Davila-Del-Carpio G, Medina-Franco JL, Chávez-Fumagalli MA. PeruNPDB: the Peruvian Natural Products Database for in silico drug screening. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7577. [PMID: 37165197 PMCID: PMC10170056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the number of drugs based on natural products (NPs) represents a large source of novel pharmacological entities, NPs have acquired significance in drug discovery. Peru is considered a megadiverse country with many endemic species of plants, terrestrial, and marine animals, and microorganisms. NPs databases have a major impact on drug discovery development. For this reason, several countries such as Mexico, Brazil, India, and China have initiatives to assemble and maintain NPs databases that are representative of their diversity and ethnopharmacological usage. We describe the assembly, curation, and chemoinformatic evaluation of the content and coverage in chemical space, as well as the physicochemical attributes and chemical diversity of the initial version of the Peruvian Natural Products Database (PeruNPDB), which contains 280 natural products. Access to PeruNPDB is available for free ( https://perunpdb.com.pe/ ). The PeruNPDB's collection is intended to be used in a variety of tasks, such as virtual screening campaigns against various disease targets or biological endpoints. This emphasizes the significance of biodiversity protection both directly and indirectly on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna L Barazorda-Ccahuana
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Lena Gálvez Ranilla
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Industria Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenierías Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Mayron Antonio Candia-Puma
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Eymi Gladys Cárcamo-Rodriguez
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Angela Emperatriz Centeno-Lopez
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gonzalo Davila-Del-Carpio
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04000, Arequipa, Peru.
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5
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Avelar M, Pedraza-González L, Sinicropi A, Flores-Morales V. Triterpene Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of the RBD Spike Protein from SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052333. [PMID: 36903578 PMCID: PMC10005606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in 2019 kicked off an international public health emergency. Although rapid progress in vaccination has reduced the number of deaths, the development of alternative treatments to overcome the disease is still necessary. It is known that the infection begins with the interaction of the spike glycoprotein (at the virus surface) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cell receptor (ACE2). Therefore, a straightforward solution for promoting virus inhibition seems to be the search for molecules capable of abolishing such attachment. In this work, we tested 18 triterpene derivatives as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, modeling the RBD S1 subunit from the X-ray structure of the RBD-ACE2 complex (PDB ID: 6M0J). Molecular docking revealed that at least three triterpene derivatives of each type (i.e., oleanolic, moronic and ursolic) present similar interaction energies as the reference molecule, i.e., glycyrrhizic acid. Molecular dynamics suggest that two compounds from oleanolic and ursolic acid, OA5 and UA2, can induce conformational changes capable of disrupting the RBD-ACE2 interaction. Finally, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties simulations revealed favorable biological activity as antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Avelar
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica y Bio-Quimioinformática (LSAyB), Ingeniería Química (UACQ), Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus XXI Km 6 Carr. Zac-Gdl, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (V.F.-M.)
| | - Laura Pedraza-González
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Sinicropi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI, Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Virginia Flores-Morales
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica y Bio-Quimioinformática (LSAyB), Ingeniería Química (UACQ), Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus XXI Km 6 Carr. Zac-Gdl, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (V.F.-M.)
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6
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Lu Q, Zhang B, Sun M, Lu L, Chen B, Wong HH, Chan CH, Wu T, Huang B. Probing the affinity of noble metal nanoparticles to the segments of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. iScience 2023; 26:106110. [PMID: 36776935 PMCID: PMC9898944 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, scientists have devoted great efforts to finding effective treatments to combat COVID-19 infections. Although noble metal nanoparticles are able to realize protein modifications, their interactions with the protein are still unclear from the atomic perspective. To supply a general understanding, in this work, we have carried out theoretical calculations to investigate the interaction between protein segments (RBD1, RBD2, RBD3) of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and a series of noble metal (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt) surfaces regarding the binding strength, protein orientations, and electronic modulations. In particular, the Au surface has shown the strongest binding preferences for the protein segments, which induces electron transfer between the Au and receptor-binding domain (RBD) segments. This further leads to the polarization of segments for virus denaturation. This work has offered a direct visualization of protein interactions with noble metal surfaces from the atomic level, which will benefit anti-virus material developments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiyang Zhang
- Chinese International School, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon Ho Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Hei Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China,Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,Corresponding author
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7
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Risener CJ, Woo S, Samarakoon T, Caputo M, Edwards E, Klepzig K, Applequist W, Zandi K, Goh SL, Downs-Bowen JA, Schinazi RF, Quave CL. Botanical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry: a phylogenetic perspective. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1244. [PMID: 36690683 PMCID: PMC9868516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the use of botanical dietary supplements in the United States has increased, yet their safety and efficacy against COVID-19 remains underexplored. The Quave Natural Product Library is a phylogenetically diverse collection of botanical and fungal natural product extracts including popular supplement ingredients. Evaluation of 1867 extracts and 18 compounds for virus spike protein binding to host cell ACE2 receptors in a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus system identified 310 extracts derived from 188 species across 76 families (3 fungi, 73 plants) that exhibited ≥ 50% viral entry inhibition activity at 20 µg/mL. Extracts exhibiting mammalian cytotoxicity > 15% and those containing cardiotoxic cardiac glycosides were eliminated. Three extracts were selected for further testing against four pseudotyped variants and infectious SARS-CoV-2 and were then further chemically characterized, revealing the potent (EC50 < 5 µg/mL) antiviral activity of Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae) flowers and Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae) rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Risener
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunmin Woo
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Marco Caputo
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Edwards
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Keivan Zandi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shu Ling Goh
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Downs-Bowen
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Quave
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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8
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Khattab ESAEH, Ragab A, Abol-Ftouh MA, Elhenawy AA. Therapeutic strategies for Covid-19 based on molecular docking and dynamic studies to the ACE-2 receptors, Furin, and viral spike proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13291-13309. [PMID: 34647855 PMCID: PMC8544674 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1989036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic virus that caused infections and deaths in many world countries, including the Middle East. The virus-infected human cells by binding via ACE-2 receptor through the Spike protein of the virus with Furin's help causing cell membrane fusion leading to Covid-19-cell entry. No registered drugs or vaccines are triggering this pandemic viral disease yet. Our present work is based on molecular docking and dynamics simulation that performed to spike protein-ACE-2 interface complex, ACE-2 receptor, Spike protein (RBD), and Furin as targets for new small molecules. These drugs target new potential therapies to show their probabilities toward the active sites of mentioned proteins, strongly causing inhibition and/or potential therapy for covid-19. All target proteins were estimated against new target compounds under clinical trials and repurposing drugs currently present. Possibilities of those molecules and potential therapeutics acting on a certain target were predicted. MD simulations over 200 ns with molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) binding energy calculations were performed. The structural and energetic analyses demonstrated the stability of the ligands-MPros complex. Our present work will introduce new visions of some biologically active molecules for further studies in-vitro and in-vivo for Covid-19, repurposing of these molecules should be taking place under clinical works and offering different strategies for drugs repurposing against Covid-19 diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt,CONTACT Ahmed Ragab ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo11884, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Abol-Ftouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt,Mahmoud A. Abol-Ftouh Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elhenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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He MF, Liang JH, Shen YN, Zhang JW, Liu Y, Yang KY, Liu LC, Wang J, Xie Q, Hu C, Song X, Wang Y. Glycyrrhizin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells by Targeting ACE2. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1706. [PMID: 36362861 PMCID: PMC9697465 DOI: 10.3390/life12111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious and pathogenic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Early in this epidemic, the herbal formulas used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were widely used for the treatment of COVID-19 in China. According to Venn diagram analysis, we found that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is a frequent herb in TCM formulas against COVID-19. The extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma exhibits an anti-SARS-CoV-2 replication activity in vitro, but its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. We here demonstrate that glycyrrhizin, the main active ingredient of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, prevents the coronavirus from entering cells by targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Glycyrrhizin inhibited the binding of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 in our Western blot-based assay. The following bulk RNA-seq analysis showed that glycyrrhizin down-regulated ACE2 expression in vitro which was further confirmed by Western blot and quantitative PCR. Together, we believe that glycyrrhizin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells by targeting ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng He
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jian-Hui Liang
- Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan-Ni Shen
- Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin-Wen Zhang
- Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Kuang-Yang Yang
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Li-Chu Liu
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Bluewood Associates Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215134, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Patel VS, Seidman MD. Natural Alternatives and the Common Cold and Influenza. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022; 55:1035-1044. [PMID: 36088160 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary and integrative medicine has increased . It is estimated that one-third of the population of the United States uses some form of alternative medicine. Physicians should consider integrative medicine therapies . Alternative medical therapies for the common cold and influenza include herbal supplements, dietary supplements, diet, and other adjunct therapies. However, it is important to research and study these therapies. Therefore, communication with patients and other health care providers is important. This will ensure effective and positive patient care experiences. Further randomized clinical trials are necessary to further establish the role of various alternative options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun S Patel
- AdventHealth Medical Group - Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 410 Celebration Place, Suite 305, Celebration, FL 34747, USA
| | - Michael D Seidman
- AdventHealth Medical Group - Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 410 Celebration Place, Suite 305, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
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11
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Dioguardi M, Spirito F, Sovereto D, Ballini A, Alovisi M, Lo Muzio L. Application of the Extracts of Uncaria tomentosa in Endodontics and Oral Medicine: Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175024. [PMID: 36078953 PMCID: PMC9457483 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of endodontic treatment is to eliminate the bacteria that are responsible for the contamination and infection of the internal surfaces in order to resolve any pulp or periapical pathology. In fact, some bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis, can escape the action of root canal irrigants by aggregating into a biofilm and penetrating deeply into the dentinal tubules. Uncaria tomentosa is a plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family and also commonly known as cat’s claw due to the shape and position of the spines; it is a traditional Peruvian medicinal plant of Amazonian origin. Applications in the dental field have been described both in the prevention and treatment of stomatitis and as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent; it has also been investigated as an additive in irrigants and specifically as gels in endodontic cements. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize all the scientific evidence on the possible applications of Uncaria tomentosa extracts in endodontics and, more generally, in oral medicine, in order to understand whether the active ingredients extracted from Uncaria tomentosa can bring a real advantage in endodontics, in the reduction of endodontic failures and in the onset of recurrent endodontic lesions. Methods: The scoping review was carried out strictly following the PRISMA-ScR checklist; the search was carried out on five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO and Web of Science) and a register (Cochrane library). Results: The research produced a number of bibliographic sources totaling 2104. With the removal of duplicates, 670 were obtained; potentially eligible articles amounted to 23, of which only seven in vitro studies (four microbiological studies), five clinical studies (three randomized trials) and a case report were included. Conclusions: From the data in the literature, it can be stated that the active ingredients present in Uncaria tomentosa could represent an interesting product to be used in the endodontic field, both in endocanalary cements and as a gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10127 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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12
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Evolutionary progression of collective mutations in Omicron sub-lineages towards efficient RBD-hACE2: Allosteric communications between and within viral and human proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4562-4578. [PMID: 35989699 PMCID: PMC9384468 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is essential for infection, and is a target for neutralizing antibodies. Consequently, selection of mutations in the S protein is expected to be driven by the impact on the interaction with hACE2 and antibody escape. Here, for the first time, we systematically characterized the collective effects of mutations in each of the Omicron sub-lineages (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3 and BA.4) on both the viral S protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and the hACE2 protein using post molecular dynamics studies and dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis. Our analysis suggested that Omicron sub-lineage mutations result in altered physicochemical properties that change conformational flexibility compared to the reference structure, and may contribute to antibody escape. We also observed changes in the hACE2 substrate binding groove in some sub-lineages. Notably, we identified unique allosteric communication paths in the reference protein complex formed by the DRN metrics betweenness centrality and eigencentrality hubs, originating from the RBD core traversing the receptor binding motif of the S protein and the N-terminal domain of the hACE2 to the active site. We showed allosteric changes in residue network paths in both the RBD and hACE2 proteins due to Omicron sub-lineage mutations. Taken together, these data suggest progressive evolution of the Omicron S protein RBD in sub-lineages towards a more efficient interaction with the hACE2 receptor which may account for the increased transmissibility of Omicron variants.
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13
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Liu Q, Kwan KY, Cao T, Yan B, Ganesan K, Jia L, Zhang F, Lim C, Wu Y, Feng Y, Chen Z, Liu L, Chen J. Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, H5N1, and other enveloped viruses. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3232-3247. [PMID: 35943221 PMCID: PMC9537938 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-Cov-2 is responsible for more than 6 million deaths globally. The development of broad-spectrum and cost-effective antivirals is urgently needed. Medicinal plants are renowned as a complementary approach in which antiviral natural products have been established as safe and effective drugs. Here, we report that the percolation extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSP) is a broad-spectrum viral entry inhibitor against SARS-CoV-1/2 and other enveloped viruses. The viral inhibitory activities of the SSP were evaluated by using pseudotyped SARS-CoV-1 and 2, HIV-1ADA and HXB2 , and H5N1. SSP effectively inhibited viral entry and with EC50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.1 μg/ml. Pre-treatment of pseudovirus or target cells with SSP showed consistent inhibitory activities with the respective EC50 value of 2.3 or 2.1 μg/ml. SSP blocked both SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and the host ACE2 receptor. In vivo studies indicated that there was no abnormal toxicity and behavior in long-term SSP treatment. Based on these findings, we concluded that SSP has the potential to be developed as a drug candidate for preventing and treating COVID-19 and other emerging enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka-Yi Kwan
- AIDS Institute, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- AIDS Institute, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Immunology and Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingpeng Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyu Lim
- AIDS Institute, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Iraci N, Corsaro C, Giofrè SV, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Vacalebre M, Speciale A, Saija A, Cimino F, Fazio E. Nanoscale Technologies in the Fight against COVID-19: From Innovative Nanomaterials to Computer-Aided Discovery of Potential Antiviral Plant-Derived Drugs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1060. [PMID: 36008954 PMCID: PMC9405735 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few years have increasingly emphasized the need to develop new active antiviral products obtained from artificial synthesis processes using nanomaterials, but also derived from natural matrices. At the same time, advanced computational approaches have found themselves fundamental in the repurposing of active therapeutics or for reducing the very long developing phases of new drugs discovery, which represents a real limitation, especially in the case of pandemics. The first part of the review is focused on the most innovative nanomaterials promising both in the field of therapeutic agents, as well as measures to control virus spread (i.e., innovative antiviral textiles). The second part of the review aims to show how computer-aided technologies can allow us to identify, in a rapid and therefore constantly updated way, plant-derived molecules (i.e., those included in terpenoids) potentially able to efficiently interact with SARS-CoV-2 cell penetration pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Martina Vacalebre
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
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15
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Liu YX, Zhou YH, Jiang CH, Liu J, Chen DQ. Prevention, treatment and potential mechanism of herbal medicine for Corona viruses: A review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5480-5508. [PMID: 35184680 PMCID: PMC8973820 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) virus has become the greatest global public health crisis in recent years,and the COVID-19 epidemic is still continuing. However, due to the lack of effectivetherapeutic drugs, the treatment of corona viruses is facing huge challenges. In thiscontext, countries with a tradition of using herbal medicine such as China have beenwidely using herbal medicine for prevention and nonspecific treatment of corona virusesand achieved good responses. In this review, we will introduce the application of herbalmedicine in the treatment of corona virus patients in China and other countries, andreview the progress of related molecular mechanisms and antiviral activity ingredients ofherbal medicine, in order to provide a reference for herbal medicine in the treatment ofcorona viruses. We found that herbal medicines are used in the prevention and fightagainst COVID-19 in countries on all continents. In China, herbal medicine has beenreported to relieve some of the clinical symptoms of mild patients and shorten the length of hospital stay. However, as most herbal medicines for the clinical treatment of COVID-19still lack rigorous clinical trials, the clinical and economic value of herbal medicines in theprevention and treatment of COVID-19 has not been fully evaluated. Future work basedon large-scale randomized, double-blind clinical trials to evaluate herbal medicines andtheir active ingredients in the treatment of new COVID-19 will be very meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Liu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-He Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Chang-Hong Jiang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ding-Qiang Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Evary YM, Masyita A, Kurnianto AA, Asri RM, Rifai Y. Molecular docking of phytochemical compounds of Momordica charantia as potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e130122200221. [PMID: 35049440 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220113143358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently declared as a global public health emergency, where the infection is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays, there is no specific treatment to cure this infection. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and SARS spike glycoprotein-human ACE2 complex have been recognized as suitable targets for treatment including COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE In our current study, we identified the potential of Momordica charantia as a prospective alternative and a choice in dietary food during pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 bioactive compounds of Momordica charantia were screened for activity against 6LU7 and 6CS2 with AutoDock Vina. RESULTS We found that momordicoside B showed lowest binding energy compared with other compounds. In addition, kuguaglycoside A and cucurbitadienol provide better profiles for drug-like properties based on Lipinski's rule of five. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that these molecules may be further explored as promising candidates against SARS-CoV-2 or just simply suggested that Momordica charantia as one of the best food alternatives to be consumed during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
| | | | | | - Yusnita Rifai
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
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17
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Ma LL, Liu HM, Liu XM, Yuan XY, Xu C, Wang F, Lin JZ, Xu RC, Zhang DK. Screening S protein - ACE2 blockers from natural products: Strategies and advances in the discovery of potential inhibitors of COVID-19. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113857. [PMID: 34628234 PMCID: PMC8489279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which poses a major threat to human life and health. Given its continued development, limiting the spread of COVID-19 in the population remains a challenging task. Currently, multiple therapies are being tried around the world to deal with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a variety of studies have shown that natural products have a significant effect on COVID-19 patients. The combination of SARS-CoV-2 S protein with Angiotensin converting enzyme II(ACE2) of host cell to promote membrane fusion is an initial critical step for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, screening natural products that inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S protein and ACE2 also provides a feasible strategy for the treatment of COVID-19. Establishment of high throughput screening model is an important basis and key technology for screening S protein-ACE2 blockers. Based on this, the molecular structures of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 and their processes in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and host cell infection were firstly reviewed in this paper, with emphasis on the methods and techniques of screening S protein-ACE2 blockers, including Virtual Screening (VS), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Biochromatography, Biotin-avidin with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay and Gene Chip Technology. Furthermore, the technical principle, advantages and disadvantages and application scope were further elaborated. Combined with the application of the above screening technologies in S protein-ACE2 blockers, a variety of natural products, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, were summarized, which could be used as S protein-ACE2 blockers, in order to provide ideas for the efficient discovery of S protein-ACE2 blockers from natural sources and contribute to the development of broad-spectrum anti coronavirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Central Laboratory, Nanchang, 330000, PR China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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18
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Verma D, Mitra D, Paul M, Chaudhary P, Kamboj A, Thatoi H, Janmeda P, Jain D, Panneerselvam P, Shrivastav R, Pant K, Das Mohapatra PK. Potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) proteases PL pro and M pro/ 3CL pro: molecular docking and simulation studies of three pertinent medicinal plant natural components. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100038. [PMID: 34870149 PMCID: PMC8178537 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised a severe global public health issue and creates a pandemic situation. The present work aims to study the molecular -docking and dynamic of three pertinent medicinal plants i.e. Eurycoma harmandiana, Sophora flavescens and Andrographis paniculata phyto-compounds against SARS-COV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro)/3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro). The interaction of protein targets and ligands was performed through AutoDock-Vina visualized using PyMOL and BIOVIA-Discovery Studio 2020. Molecular docking with canthin-6-one 9-O-beta-glucopyranoside showed highest binding affinity and less binding energy with both PLpro and Mpro/3CLpro proteases and was subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for a period of 100ns. Stability of the protein-ligand complexes was evaluated by different analyses. The binding free energy calculated using MM-PBSA and the results showed that the molecule must have stable interactions with the protein binding site. ADMET analysis of the compounds suggested that it is having drug-like properties like high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, no blood-brain barrier permeability and high lipophilicity. The outcome revealed that canthin-6-one 9-O-beta-glucopyranoside can be used as a potential natural drug against COVID-19 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devvret Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733 134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anshul Kamboj
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Periyasamy Panneerselvam
- Microbiology, Crop Production Division, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Shrivastav
- Department of Applied Sciences, NGF College of Engineering and Technology, Palwal, Haryana, India
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pradeep K Das Mohapatra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733 134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India.,PAKB Environment Conservation Centre, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733 134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
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19
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Zhao W, Xu G, Yu Z, Li J, Liu J. Identification of nut protein-derived peptides against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and main protease. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104937. [PMID: 34655899 PMCID: PMC8503973 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached pandemic proportions, and there is an urgent need to develop nutritional supplements to assist with prevention, treatment, and recovery. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory peptides were screened from nut proteins in silico, and binding affinities of the peptides to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) were evaluated. Peptide NDQF from peanuts and peptide ASGCGDC from almonds were found to have a strong binding affinity for both targets of the coronavirus. The binding sites of the NDQF and ASGCGDC peptides are highly consistent with the Mpro inhibitor N3. In addition, NDQF and ASGCGDC exhibited an effective binding affinity for amino acid residues Tyr453 and Gln493 of the spike RBD. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed that the NDQF and ASGCGDC peptides could bind stably to the SARS-COV-2 Mpro and spike RBD. In summary, nut protein may be helpful as nutritional supplements for COVID-19 patients, and the screened peptides could be considered a potential lead compound for designing entry inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Ge Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
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20
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Dai T, Zhang L, Dai X, Zhang X, Lu B, Zheng Y, Shen D, Yan Y, Ji C, Yu J, Sun L. Multimode participation of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100781. [PMID: 34642626 PMCID: PMC8496941 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 has swiftly spread across China and all over the world, resulting in severe contagious pneumonia. However, no specific anti-COVID-19 drugs or methods are available for the treatment of this acute and fatal disease. In recent years, as the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been universally acknowledged, it has been brought to a crucial status domestically and overseas for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS We searched relevant literature, electronic databases, and official statements, diagnoses and protocols to retrieve studies and applications related to traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 in terms of regulations and policies, clinical evidence, preclinical rationale and big data analysis and then summarized the discovery and development of potential drugs and their targets. RESULTS Clinicians, researchers, governments, the public, colleges, institutes and companies collected and classified associated policies, regulations and actual contributions, searched clinical trials and preclinical experimental outcomes from databases, studied potential TCM drugs with possible mechanisms, retrieved numerous big data analysis method and gathered pooled results of compounds along with their effective targets to make traditional Chinese medicine vital to cover all stages of patients in the treatment and control of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Traditional Chinese medicine provides new evidence to support the clinical value of TCM for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Dai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Dai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deyi Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yici Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congqi Ji
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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21
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Rivera-Lozada O, Galvez CA, Castro-Alzate E, Bonilla-Asalde CA. Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru. F1000Res 2021; 10:582. [PMID: 34804498 PMCID: PMC8567687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53689.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio-demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married (aOR=6.75), having a master's degree (aOR= 0.41), having a working day with less than ten hours (ORa=0.49) and obesity (aOR=0.38) were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 (aOR=0.52), working in the hospitalization area (aOR=1.86) and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (aOR=0.28) and obesity (aOR=0.35). In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID 19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis (aOR=1.84) and having asthma (aOR=2.13) were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Being married, having a master's degree, working less than ten hours were associated with having a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. Being older than 50, working in the hospitalization area were associated with preventive practices. Physical contact with COVID-19 patients was associated with negative attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Rivera-Lozada
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Lima 32, Peru
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar Augusto Galvez
- Unidad de Posgrado de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Lima, Lima 15, Peru
| | - Elvis Castro-Alzate
- Escuela de Rehabilitaciòn Humana, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
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22
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The Hydroalcoholic Extract of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw) Inhibits the Infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6679761. [PMID: 33680061 PMCID: PMC7929665 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6679761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious problem for public health since it was identified in the province of Wuhan (China) and spread around the world producing high mortality rates and economic losses. Nowadays, the WHO recognizes traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine for treating COVID-19 symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the antiviral potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa stem bark from Peru against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. The antiviral activity of U. tomentosa against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro was assessed in Vero E6 cells using cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaque reduction assay. After 48 h of treatment, U. tomentosa showed an inhibition of 92.7% of SARS-CoV-2 at 25.0 μg/mL (p < 0.0001) by plaque reduction assay on Vero E6 cells. In addition, U. tomentosa induced a reduction of 98.6% (p=0.02) and 92.7% (p=0.03) in the CPE caused by SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells at 25 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. The EC50 calculated for the U. tomentosa extract by plaque reduction assay was 6.6 μg/mL (4.89–8.85 μg/mL) for a selectivity index of 4.1. The EC50 calculated for the U. tomentosa extract by TCID50 assay was 2.57 μg/mL (1.05–3.75 μg/mL) for a selectivity index of 10.54. These results showed that U. tomentosa, known as cat's claw, has an antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2, which was observed as a reduction in the viral titer and CPE after 48 h of treatment on Vero E6 cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that U. tomentosa stem bark could be promising in the development of new therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
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