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Zieliński G, Pająk A, Wójcicki M. Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4259. [PMID: 39064299 PMCID: PMC11278015 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by analyzing studies published from 2003 to 2023. The following keyword combination was utilized: prevalence, epidemiology, population, and bruxism. The PubMed database was analyzed, supplemented by manual searches using the Google search. Additionally, the snowballing procedure method was applied. A double assessment of the quality of publications was carried out to preserve the highest possible quality of evidence (e.g., Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist). Analyses were conducted using the R statistical language. Results: The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. Conclusions: One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. Bruxism is a significant factor among women. It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. Among the limitations of the study is the lack of analysis of the prevalence of bruxism in Africa and Australia due to not collecting an adequate sample for analysis. The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Zieliński
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pająk
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Gebali Str. 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Wójcicki
- Independent Unit of Functional Masticatory Disorder, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Thomas DC, Manfredini D, Patel J, George A, Chanamolu B, Pitchumani PK, Sangalli L. Sleep bruxism: The past, the present, and the future-evolution of a concept. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:329-343. [PMID: 38363252 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of sleep bruxism (SB) has evolved exponentially over the past several decades. Many theories and hypotheses have been proposed as to the definition, pathophysiology, and management of SB, from the early 1960s through the present. The role of peripheral factors, such as dental occlusion, in the pathogenesis of SB has been discarded. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched several electronic databases (ie, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE) for studies on bruxism. The search was conducted from January 1961 through May 2023 and yielded 4,612 articles, of which 312 were selected for comprehensive review after eliminating duplicates and nonfocused articles. RESULTS There has been an evident progressive shift from the role of peripheral factors, such as dental occlusion, to more central factors, such as the involvement of a central pattern generator as well as the autonomic nervous system, in the genesis of bruxing movements. There is continued robust interest in the dental community to elucidate the contributing factors involved in SB. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The neurophysiology of SB appears to be leaning more toward central rather than peripheral factors. There is increasing evidence of the role of the autonomic nervous system, genetics, and comorbidities in the genesis of SB. The scientific literature seems to refute the role of dental occlusion in the causation of bruxing movements. As per the literature, there has been a paradigm shift in the definition and genesis of SB and its possible dental implications and management, which also highlights the need for succinct scientific studies in this regard.
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Aguiar SO, Ortiz FR, Hoffmam GDFEB, Souza GLN, Prado IM, Abreu LG, Auad SM, Serra-Negra JM. Probable sleep and awake bruxism in adolescents: A path analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38424469 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruxism has a multifactorial etiology, including the influence of sleep characteristics and chronotypes. AIM To identify the pathways that influence the occurrence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and probable awake bruxism (PAB) in adolescents. DESIGN A total of 403 adolescents, aged 12-19 years, participated in the study. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire about sociodemographic issues and the adolescent's health conditions, and the adolescents about sleep characteristics, occurrence of bruxism (based on previous study and the International Consensus of Bruxism), and chronotype (Circadian Energy Scale). Clinical examinations were performed. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis and path analysis. RESULTS PSB and PAB are related to each other, with moderate and positive correlation (β = .390). Poor sleep quality and higher household income had a direct effect on both PSB (β = -.138; β = .123, respectively) and PAB (β = -.155; β = .116, respectively). Chronotype had a direct effect on PSB, in such a way that adolescents with a morningness chronotype tend to have PSB (β = -.102). Adolescents that drool on the pillow (β = .184) and/or have agitated sleep (β = .104) tend to have PSB. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality, household income, morningness chronotype profile, drooling on the pillow, and agitated sleep influence the paths taken by PSB. PAB was influenced by the quality of sleep and family income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Oliveira Aguiar
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ivana Meyer Prado
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sheyla Márcia Auad
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Junia Maria Serra-Negra
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Dan R, Li J, Zhao K, Yang Z, Dong Y, Fan P, Cheng Q, Wang J, Xiong X. The association between chronotype profile and temporomandibular disorders among college students. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38191959 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are common in young adults, and the link between chronotype profile and TMDs is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined TMD prevalence and chronotype distribution and explored the relationship between chronotype and TMDs in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 663 students from Sichuan University completed questionnaires. Chronotype profiles were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and TMDs were screened using the Fonseca Memory Index. To validate the findings, 68 TMD patients and 136 controls were enrolled. RESULTS The prevalence of TMDs was 69.7%, with significant differences among chronotype profiles. The intermediate profile was the most common chronotype. Eveningness profile was associated with higher TMDs prevalence and severity. Muscle pain and side movement difficulty scores were higher in eveningness and intermediate profiles. Female gender (OR 2.345; 95% CI 1.668-3.297) was a TMD risk factor, while morningness profile (OR 0.537; 95% CI 0.297-0.970) was protective. Validation with TMD patients and controls supported these findings, showing higher eveningness profile prevalence in the TMD groups. CONCLUSIONS TMDs have a high prevalence in college students, chronotype profiles shown to be associated with TMDs. Morningness is the protection factor in TMDs and PT, eveningness is a risk factor for IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peidi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Conti PCR, Cunha CO, Conti ACDCF, Bonjardim LR, Barbosa JS, Costa YM. Secondary bruxism: A valid diagnosis or just a coincidental finding of additional masticatory muscle activity? A narrative review of literature. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:74-86. [PMID: 37688286 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bruxism is defined as a repetitive masticatory muscle activity that can manifest it upon awakening (awake bruxism-AB) or during sleep (sleep bruxism-SB). Some forms of both, AB and SB can be associated to many other coexistent factors, considered of risk for the initiation and maintenance of the bruxism. Although controversial, the term 'secondary bruxism' has frequently been used to label these cases. The absence of an adequate definition of bruxism, the non-distinction between the circadian manifestations and the report of many different measurement techniques, however, are important factors to be considered when judging the literature findings. The use (and abuse) of drugs, caffeine, nicotine, alcohol and psychoactive substances, the presence of respiratory disorders during sleep, gastroesophageal reflux disorders and movement, neurological and psychiatric disorders are among these factors. The scarcity of controlled studies and the complexity and interactions among all aforementioned factors, unfortunately, does not allow to establish any causality or temporal association with SB and AB. The supposition that variables are related depends on different parameters, not clearly demonstrated in the available studies. OBJECTIVES This narrative review aims at providing oral health care professionals with an update on the co-risk factors and disorders possibly associated with bruxism. In addition, the authors discuss the appropriateness of the term 'secondary bruxism' as a valid diagnostic category based on the available evidence. CONCLUSION The absence of an adequate definition of bruxism, the non-distinction between the circadian manifestations and the report of many different measurement techniques found in many studies preclude any solid and convincing conclusion on the existence of the 'secondary' bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cesar R Conti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
- Bauru Orofacial Group, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ortigosa Cunha
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
- Bauru Orofacial Group, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia de Castro F Conti
- Bauru Orofacial Group, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Bonjardim
- Bauru Orofacial Group, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
- Department of Biologic Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Martins Costa
- Bauru Orofacial Group, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Alves ÁE, Canaan MM, Baruqui Junior AM, Barros FC, Andrade EF, Castelo PM, Pereira LJ. Metabolic control of diabetic patients assisted by private and public health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:242-249. [PMID: 37031080 PMCID: PMC10070783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to analyze the impacts of social restriction measures imposed by the pandemic COVID-19 on the control of metabolic parameters in diabetic patients. METHODS We accessed the medical records of patients who underwent clinical follow-up in the public and private health systems between July 2019 and June 2021. The sample consisted of 288 patients (111 adults and 177 older individuals). A two-way ANOVA mixed model was used to test the effects of intra- (time: baseline and after 24 months) and inter-subject factors. Linear regression analysis was used to predict the difference in body weight considering age, sex, HbA1c, health care system and insulin use. RESULTS Among adults, we observed an increase in body weight and LDL-c levels, especially for insulin users (p ≤ 0.05). Adults assisted by the public health care system showed higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.001). Among older individuals using insulin, blood glucose levels decreased (p = 0.019). Body weight decreased in those assisted by the private system (p = 0.005), while glycemia decreased for patients assisted by both health care systems (p = 0.043). The linear regression model confirmed that the increase in body weight was more pronounced in adults than in older individuals. CONCLUSION The social restriction measures imposed by the pandemic affected the metabolic control of diabetic patients, especially adults assisted by the public health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Martins Canaan
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil; Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eric Francelino Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil; Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil; Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil.
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Marceliano CRV, Gavião MBD. Possible sleep bruxism and biological rhythm in school children. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04900-y. [PMID: 36795249 PMCID: PMC9933813 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether children with possible sleep bruxism (PSB) had alterations in biological rhythm and to explore the possible factors involved, such as sleep characteristics, screen time, breathing, sugary food consumption, and clenching teeth during wakefulness reported by parents/guardians. METHODOLOGY Data were collected through online interviews with 178 parents/guardians of students aged 6 to14 years from Piracicaba, SP, BR, when the BRIAN-K scale was answered, which is composed of four domains (1) sleep; (2) daily routine activities; (3) social behavior; (4) eating; questions about predominant rhythms (willingness, concentration, and change day to night). Three groups were formed: (1) without PSB (WPSB), (2) with PSB sometimes (PSBS), and (3) with PSB frequently (PSBF). RESULTS Sociodemographic variables were similar between groups (P > 0.05); the total value of the BRIAN-K was significantly higher for the PSBF group (P < 0.05); the first domain (sleep) presented significantly higher values for the PSB groups (P < 0.05); no significant difference for other domains and predominant rhythms occurred (P > 0.05). The involved factor that differed between groups was clenching teeth, as the number of children with PSBS was significantly higher (χ2, P = 0.005). The first domain of the BRIAN-K (P = 0.003; OR = 1.20), and clenching teeth (P = 0.048; OR = 2.04) were positively associated with PSB. CONCLUSION Difficulties in maintaining sleep rhythm and clenching teeth during wakefulness reported by parents/guardians may determine a greater chance to increase the frequency of PSB. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Good sleep seems to be important to maintain a regular biological rhythm and may reduce the frequency of PSB in the 6-14 age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rita Vicente Marceliano
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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