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Pięta M, Rzeszutek M. Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Depreciation: Independent Correlates of Well-Being Among People Living with HIV. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:289-296. [PMID: 35486352 PMCID: PMC10036278 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although posttraumatic growth (PTG) is intuitively associated with positive adaptation to traumatic life circumstances, studies regarding the link between PTG and well-being present mixed findings. Our study aimed to analyze the link between PTG and well-being indicators (resource gain and loss, positive and negative affect; PA/NA) in a clinical sample of people living with HIV (PLWH), with the additional control of parallel negative changes among participants, i.e., posttraumatic depreciation (PTD). METHODS The study sample comprised 509 PLWH who completed the standardized psychometric inventories measuring the study variables-PTG/PTD, resource gain and resource loss, and affective well-being. RESULTS By applying the person-centered perspective to the study results, we observed distinct clusters of participants within resources and PA/NA, which were uniquely associated with PTG/PTD levels, after controlling for sociomedical data among participants. CONCLUSIONS Including two parallel sides of growth, i.e., PTG and PTD, our study may deepen the understanding of PTG mechanisms and processes among PLWH and inspire planning for more effective psychological interventions designed to meet the specific needs of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pięta
- ªFaculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Rzeszutek
- ªFaculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
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Luu TT. Family support and posttraumatic growth among tourism workers during the COVID-19 shutdown: The role of positive stress mindset. TOURISM MANAGEMENT 2022; 88:104399. [PMID: 34629609 PMCID: PMC8490007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a severe hit on the health of workers in the tourism industry. It is crucial to understand how to help the workforce in this service industry become resilient and adaptive through this crisis. The primary objective of this research is to examine how family support nurtures tourism workers' posttraumatic growth (PTG), an adaptation form in the resilience process. The valid data were collected from 384 tourism workers who were on unpaid leave or layoff during the COVID-19 crisis. The results demonstrated the positive relationship between family support and tourism workers' PTG, for which positive stress mindset was identified as a mediation mechanism. Deliberate and intrusive ruminative thinking styles moderated the effect of family support on positive stress mindset. Theoretical and practical implications of the mechanisms through which family support promotes tourism workers' PTG are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Trong Luu
- Swinburne Business School, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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Post-traumatic growth among gastrointestinal oncological patients: the perspective of Stevan Hobfoll’s conservation of resources theory. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.94054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study assessed the relation between social support dimensions and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among a sample of gas-trointestinal cancer patients. Particular focus was placed on the mediating role of resources based on the conservation of re-sources (COR) theory and its effect on the previously mentioned association.Participants and procedureA total of 190 patients comprising 87 females and 103 males with a clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer were recruited to participate in this study. This was a cross-sectional study, with social support evaluated by the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). The participants’ levels of subjectively possessed resources were assessed by the Conservation of Resources Evalua-tion (COR-E) questionnaire. Posttraumatic growth was evaluated by the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI).ResultsNo direct relation was found between social support and PTG among participants. However, a mediating role of subjectively possessed resources was detected through the COR theory on the aforementioned relationship, i.e. the link between social sup-port and PTG. More specifically, the level of economic and political resources was a mediator in the relation.ConclusionsThese results contribute to extant literature on the psychological aspects of gastrointestinal cancer. Evidently, social support may be related to positive outcomes among gastrointestinal cancer patients in the form of PTG.
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Salsman JM, Pustejovsky JE, Schueller SM, Hernandez R, Berendsen M, McLouth LES, Moskowitz JT. Psychosocial interventions for cancer survivors: A meta-analysis of effects on positive affect. J Cancer Surviv 2019; 13:943-955. [PMID: 31741250 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positive affect has demonstrated unique benefits in the context of health-related stress and is emerging as an important target for psychosocial interventions. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether psychosocial interventions increase positive affect in cancer survivors. METHODS We coded 28 randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions assessing 2082 cancer survivors from six electronic databases. We calculated 76 effect sizes for positive affect and conducted synthesis using random effects models with robust variance estimation. Tests for moderation included demographic, clinical, and intervention characteristics. RESULTS Interventions had a modest effect on positive affect (g = 0.35, 95% CI [0.16, 0.54]) with substantial heterogeneity of effects across studies ([Formula: see text]; I2 = 78%). Three significant moderators were identified: in-person interventions outperformed remote interventions (P = .046), effects were larger when evaluated against standard of care or wait list control conditions versus attentional, educational, or component controls (P = .009), and trials with survivors of early-stage cancer diagnoses yielded larger effects than those with advanced-stage diagnoses (P = .046). We did not detect differential benefits of psychosocial interventions across samples varying in sex, age, on-treatment versus off-treatment status, or cancer type. Although no conclusive evidence suggested outcome reporting biases (P = .370), effects were smaller in studies with lower risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS In-person interventions with survivors of early-stage cancers hold promise for enhancing positive affect, but more methodological rigor is needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Positive affect strategies can be an explicit target in evidence-based medicine and have a role in patient-centered survivorship care, providing tools to uniquely mobilize human strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Salsman
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - James E Pustejovsky
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephen M Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rosalba Hernandez
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Mark Berendsen
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laurie E Steffen McLouth
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hou WK, Liang L, Lau KM, Hall M. Savouring and psychological well‐being in family dyads coping with cancer: An actor–partner interdependence model. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13047. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kai Hou
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES) The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Li Liang
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES) The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Kam Man Lau
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES) The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - Mila Hall
- Teachers College Columbia University New York New York
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Sörensen J, Rzeszutek M, Gasik R. Social support and post-traumatic growth among a sample of arthritis patients: Analysis in light of conservation of resources theory. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe study examined the association between social support dimensions and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among a sample of arthritis patients. In particular, we wanted to verify the mediating role of resources, as described by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, on the aforementioned relationship. A total of 207 patients with a clinical diagnosis of arthritis were recruited to participate in the study, including 149 females and 58 males. This was a cross-sectional study, with PTG evaluated by the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and social support assessed via the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). To assess the level of subjectively possessed resources among participants, we used the COR evaluation questionnaire (COR-E). Provided support, but not received support, was positively related to the level of PTG among participants. In addition, the level of spiritual resources mediated the aforementioned relationship. The results of this contribute to the literature on the psychological aspects of arthritis. It seems that providing support may be related to positive consequences among arthritis patients, in the form of PTG, with spiritual resources being of significant value in this process.
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Huang LF, Gui SJ, Wan YP, Gong FH, Wang D, Yan WJ, Ding RL, Zhou L, Zeng GQ. Effect of Resourcefulness Training on Symptoms Distress of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5624-5634. [PMID: 30101951 PMCID: PMC6104554 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptom distress is very common in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during radiotherapy, seriously affecting their quality of life and impeding the process of rehabilitation. Resourcefulness training can enhance the level of resourcefulness and benefit-finding, palliate symptom distress, and promote disease rehabilitation. However, the effects of resourcefulness training on local complications and benefit-finding in NPC patients during radiotherapy remains poorly understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires and resourcefulness training intervention were used in this study. The relationships among resourcefulness, benefit-finding, and symptom distress of 304 NPC patients were analyzed and the effects of resourcefulness training on NPC patients (N=80) were evaluated during radiotherapy. RESULTS Among the 304 NPC patients, age, educational level, occupation, family monthly income, method of payment of medical expenses, and histological types were significant factors influencing resourcefulness and benefit-finding. The patients' resourcefulness was positively correlated to their benefit-finding; and their distress was negatively correlated to their resourcefulness. After resourcefulness training for 2 months, average scores of the resourcefulness and benefit-finding were significantly increased in the intervention group (N=40) compared to those in the control group (N=40). Average scores of symptom distress were significantly reduced in the 2 groups, but they were reduced more significantly in the intervention group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The patients' benefit-finding and symptom distress were correlated with their resourcefulness. Resourcefulness training could enhance the level of resourcefulness and benefit-finding, palliate symptom distress, and promote disease rehabilitation in NPC patients during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Huang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Si-Jie Gui
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Wan
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Hua Gong
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dian Wang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Yan
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Lei Ding
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Gu-Qing Zeng
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
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Hou W, Lau K, Shum T, Cheng A, Lee T. Do concordances of social support and relationship quality predict psychological distress and well-being of cancer patients and caregivers? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27:e12857. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.K. Hou
- Department of Psychology; The Education University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES); The Education University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Centre for Psychosocial Health; The Education University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - K.M. Lau
- Department of Psychology; The Education University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES); The Education University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - T.C.Y. Shum
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - A.C.K. Cheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - T.M.C. Lee
- Department of Psychology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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Zou G, Li Y, Xu R, Li P. Resilience and positive affect contribute to lower cancer-related fatigue among Chinese patients with gastric cancer. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27:e1412-e1418. [PMID: 29266530 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of cancer-related fatigue and explore the relationship between resilience, positive affect, and fatigue among Chinese patients with gastric cancer. BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue is the most distressing symptom reported frequently by cancer patients during both treatment and survival phases. Resilience and positive affect as vital protective factors against cancer-related fatigue have been examined, but the underlying psychological mechanisms are not well understood. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Two hundred and three gastric cancer patients were enrolled from three hospitals in China. The Cancer Fatigue Scale, the positive affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) were administered. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was conducted to examine the association between resilience and cancer-related fatigue, and the mediating effect of positive affect. RESULTS The incidence of clinically relevant fatigue among patients with gastric cancer was 91.6%. Regression analysis showed that resilience was negatively associated with cancer-related fatigue, explaining 15.4% of variance in cancer-related fatigue. Mediation analysis showed that high resilience was associated with increased positive affect, which was associated with decreased cancer-related fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-related fatigue is prevalent among patients with gastric cancer. Positive affect may mediate the relationship between resilience and cancer-related fatigue. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Interventions that attend to resilience training and promotion of positive affect may be the focus for future clinical and research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Zou
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ye Li
- Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruicai Xu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Positive and Negative Affect More Concurrent among Blacks than Whites. Behav Sci (Basel) 2017; 7:bs7030048. [PMID: 28763017 PMCID: PMC5618056 DOI: 10.3390/bs7030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While positive and negative affect are inversely linked, people may experience and report both positive and negative emotions simultaneously. However, it is unknown if race alters the magnitude of the association between positive and negative affect. The current study compared Black and White Americans for the association between positive and negative affect. Methods: We used data from MIDUS (Midlife in the United States), a national study of Americans with an age range of 25 to 75. A total number of 7108 individuals were followed for 10 years from 1995 to 2004. Positive and negative affect was measured at baseline (1995) and follow-up (2004). Demographic (age and gender), socioeconomic (education and income) as well as health (self-rated health, chronic medical conditions, and body mass index) factors measured at baseline were covariates. A series of linear regressions were used to test the moderating effect of race on the reciprocal association between positive and negative affect at baseline and over time, net of covariates. Results: In the pooled sample, positive and negative affect showed inverse correlation at baseline and over time, net of covariates. Blacks and Whites differed in the magnitude of the association between positive and negative affect, with weaker inverse associations among Blacks compared to Whites, beyond all covariates. Conclusion: Weaker reciprocal association between positive and negative affect in Blacks compared to Whites has implications for cross-racial measurement of affect and mood, including depression. Depression screening programs should be aware that race alters the concordance between positive and negative affect domains and that Blacks endorse higher levels of positive affect compared to Whites in the presence of high negative affect.
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A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for colorectal cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:2349-2362. [PMID: 28434094 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A significant minority of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience clinically meaningful distress that may warrant intervention. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the impact of psychosocial interventions on quality-of-life and psychosocial outcomes for CRC patients. METHODS A systematic search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES was undertaken to obtain relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through October 2016. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs of psychosocial interventions for CRC patients were identified. Only three of these RCTs showed significant intervention effects on multiple mental health outcomes. These interventions included written and verbal emotional expression, progressive muscle relaxation training, and a self-efficacy enhancing intervention. Eight of the 14 trials, testing a range of psychoeducational and supportive care interventions, produced little to no effects on study outcomes. An evaluation of RCT quality highlighted the need for greater rigor in study methods and reporting. CONCLUSION A limited evidence base supports the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for CRC patients. Large-scale trials are needed before drawing definitive conclusions regarding intervention impact.
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Lau KM, Hou WK, Hall BJ, Canetti D, Ng SM, Lam AIF, Hobfoll SE. Social media and mental health in democracy movement in Hong Kong: A population-based study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Khazanov GK, Ruscio AM. Is low positive emotionality a specific risk factor for depression? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Bull 2016; 142:991-1015. [PMID: 27416140 PMCID: PMC5110375 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Depression is well known to share a negative cross-sectional relationship with personality constructs defined by positive emotion (positive affect, extraversion, behavioral activation). These Positive Emotionality (PE) constructs have been proposed to represent stable temperamental risk factors for depression, not merely current mood state. These constructs have also been proposed to increase risk specifically for depression, relative to anxiety. We performed a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to examine the relationship of PE to depression (59 effect sizes) and anxiety (26 effect sizes). In cross-sectional analyses, PE constructs were negatively associated with depression (r = -.34) and anxiety (r = -.24). PE constructs also prospectively predicted depression (r = -.26) and anxiety (r = -.19). These relationships remained statistically significant, but were markedly attenuated, when baseline levels of depression (β = -.08) and anxiety (β = -.06) were controlled. Moreover, depression and anxiety were equally strong predictors of subsequent changes in PE (β = -.07 and -.09, respectively). These findings are consistent with theoretical accounts of low PE as a temperamental vulnerability for depression, but suggest that the prospective relationship of PE to depression may be weaker and less specific than previously assumed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Hou WK, Lau KM, Ng SM, Cheng ACK, Shum TCY, Cheng ST, Cheung HYS. Savoring moderates the association between cancer-specific physical symptoms and depressive symptoms. Psychooncology 2016; 26:231-238. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kai Hou
- Department of Psychological Studies; The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Psychobiology of Emotion and Stress (LoPES); The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health; The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
| | - Kam Man Lau
- Department of Psychological Studies; The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Psychobiology of Emotion and Stress (LoPES); The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
| | - Sin Man Ng
- Department of Psychological Studies; The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Psychobiology of Emotion and Stress (LoPES); The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Sheung-tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education; The Hong Kong Institute of Education; Hong Kong
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of East Anglia; UK
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Gouzman J, Cohen M, Ben-Zur H, Shacham-Shmueli E, Aderka D, Siegelmann-Danieli N, Beny A. Resilience and psychosocial adjustment in digestive system cancer. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2015; 22:1-13. [PMID: 25605269 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-015-9416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the contributions of resilience, affective reactions and post traumatic growth (PTG) to psychosocial adjustment and behavioral changes among digestive system cancer patients in Israel. A sample of 200 participants, 57.5 % men (from the 46 to 70-year age range), 1-4 years following diagnosis, completed an inventory assessing demographic and medical information, resilience, current positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), PTG, psychosocial adjustment and retrospective report of behavioral changes following cancer treatment. Resilience, PA and NA, and PTG were related to adjustment and/or reported behavioral changes, and PA, NA and PTG mediated some of the effects of resilience on adjustment and/or reported behavioral changes. The data underline the importance of resilience, affect, and PTG in the adjustment of digestive system cancer patients. Future studies are needed to better understand the associations of resilience with psychosocial adjustment and behavioral changes. This knowledge may help improve cancer survivors' adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gouzman
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Services, School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel,
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Kai Hou W, Hall BJ, Canetti D, Lau KM, Ng SM, Hobfoll SE. Threat to democracy: Physical and mental health impact of democracy movement in Hong Kong. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:74-82. [PMID: 26232750 PMCID: PMC7127225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the prevalence and critical predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms and self-rated health, following the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. METHODS Random digit dialing recruited a population-representative sample of 1208 Chinese Hong Kong citizens (mean age=46.89 years; 63% female) in the first two weeks of February 2015. Respondents gave their informed consent and reported personal, social, and economic resource loss since the Umbrella Movement (Conservation of Resources-Evaluation), current anxiety symptoms (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and self-rated health (1=very good, 4=very bad). RESULTS A total of 47.35% (95% CI=44.55, 50.17) respondents reported moderate/severe anxiety symptoms and 14.4% (95% CI=12.54, 16.50) reported moderate/severe depressive symptoms; 9.11% (95% CI=7.61, 10.86) reported "poor" or "very poor" health. Multivariable regressions revealed that personal and social resource loss was associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms and greater odds of "very poor" health (adjusted odds ratios/incidence rate ratios=5-102%), independent of lower education level and income and being unmarried. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional in nature and thus could not determine causality from the associations between resource loss and outcome variables. Second, the telephone survey relied on self-reports; response bias and social desirability could influence respondents' answers and discount data validity. Third, potential confounders such as preexisting mental and physical health issues and concurrent predictors like exposure to the Umbrella Movement were not assessed. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies following any recent political movement (e.g., The Arab Spring) to quantify distress and the associated correlates of distress among affected citizens. Perceived psychosocial resource losses were critical predictors of poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kai Hou
- Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China,Laboratory of Psychobiology of Emotion and Stress (LoPES), The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China,Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macau (SAR), People’s Republic of China,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daphna Canetti
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kam Man Lau
- Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China,Laboratory of Psychobiology of Emotion and Stress (LoPES), The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Sin Man Ng
- Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China,Laboratory of Psychobiology of Emotion and Stress (LoPES), The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Stevan E. Hobfoll
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mosher CE, Winger JG, Given BA, Helft PR, O'Neil BH. Mental health outcomes during colorectal cancer survivorship: a review of the literature. Psychooncology 2015; 25:1261-1270. [PMID: 26315692 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews literature on adults' mental health outcomes during acute and long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivorship. METHODS We identified articles that included at least one measure of psychological symptoms or mental quality of life or well-being through a search of databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES). Articles were published between January 2004 and April 2015. RESULTS A significant proportion of CRC survivors experience clinically meaningful levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms or reduced mental well-being across the trajectory of the illness. Demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of mental health outcomes were identified. However, few studies were theory-driven, and gaps remain in our understanding of risk and protective factors with respect to mental health outcomes, especially during long-term CRC survivorship. CONCLUSIONS Theory-driven longitudinal research with larger samples is required to identify subgroups of CRC survivors with different trajectories of psychological adjustment. Such research would assess adjustment as a function of internal resources (e.g., personality and coping) and external resources (e.g., finances and social support) to inform future interventions for CRC survivors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Mosher
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Joseph G Winger
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Barbara A Given
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Paul R Helft
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bert H O'Neil
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Benedict C, Dahn JR, Antoni MH, Traeger L, Kava B, Bustillo N, Zhou ES, Penedo FJ. Positive and negative mood in men with advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: considering the role of social support and stress. Psychooncology 2015; 24:932-9. [PMID: 25251737 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Advanced prostate cancer patients often undergo androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Advanced disease and adverse ADT side effects are often debilitating and negatively impact mood. Social support has been shown to mitigate detrimental effects of stress on mood. OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize positive and negative mood in this select patient population and determine whether social support moderated relations between stress and mood. METHODS Participants (N = 80) completed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, Perceived Stress Scale, and Derogatis Affect Balance Scale at a single time point. Hierarchical regression models evaluated relations among social support, stress, and mood controlling for relevant covariates. Standard moderation analyses were performed. RESULTS Participants reported higher levels of negative and positive mood compared with published means of localized prostate cancer patients. Overall, mood was more positive than negative. Stress levels were comparable to cancer populations with recurrent disease. Moderated regression analyses showed that social support partially buffered the effects of stress on positive mood; men with high stress and low support reported the lowest levels of positive mood. The model with negative mood as the dependent measure did not support moderation; that is, the relationship between stress and negative mood did not differ by level of social support. CONCLUSION Among individuals living with advanced prostate cancer, social support may be an important factor that sustains positive mood in the presence of stress. Future work should examine the extent to which social support prospectively impacts health-related quality of life by promoting positive mood. Limitations include cross-sectional design, which precludes causal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Benedict
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason R Dahn
- Miami Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lara Traeger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Kava
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalie Bustillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lam WWT, Yeo W, Suen J, Ho WM, Tsang J, Soong I, Yau TK, Wong KY, Sze WK, Ng AWY, Kwong A, Suen D, Fong D, Ho S, Fielding R. Goal adjustment influence on psychological well-being following advanced breast cancer diagnosis. Psychooncology 2015; 25:58-65. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W. T. Lam
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health; The University of Hong Kong (HKU); Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Yeo
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Suen
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Wing Ming Ho
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Janice Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology; HKU; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Inda Soong
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Chai Wan Hong Kong
| | - Tze Kok Yau
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Chai Wan Hong Kong
| | - Ka Yan Wong
- Department of Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Wing Kin Sze
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Tuen Mun Hong Kong
| | - Alice W. Y. Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Tuen Mun Hong Kong
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery; HKU; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Dacita Suen
- Department of Surgery; HKU; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | | | - Samuel Ho
- Department of Applied Social Studies; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - Richard Fielding
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health; The University of Hong Kong (HKU); Pokfulam Hong Kong
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Hou WK, Ng SM, Wan JHY. Changes in positive affect and mindfulness predict changes in cortisol response and psychiatric symptoms: a latent change score modelling approach. Psychol Health 2014; 30:551-67. [PMID: 25415753 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.990389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether and how changes in positive affect and mindfulness predicted changes in cortisol secretion and psychological distress in adaptation to examination stress. DESIGN A sample of 105 college students completed a questionnaire set and provided salivary samples before (T1), during (T2) and after (T3) an examination period. RESULTS Latent change score modelling revealed that T1-T2 and T2-T3 increases in mindfulness were associated with larger T2-T3 decrease in area-under-the-curve ground of cortisol awakening response (CARg), whereas T2-T3 increases in both positive affect and mindfulness were associated with larger T2-T3 decrease in anxiety symptoms (comparative fit index = .96; Tucker-Lewis index = .93-.95; root-mean-square error of approximation = .04-.08; standardised root-mean-square residual = .08-.10). T1-T2 and T2-T3 increases in positive affect were not associated T2-T3 decrease in CARg, whereas T1-T2 increases in positive affect and mindfulness were not associated with T2-T3 decrease in anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION The levels of post-stress recovery from anxiety symptoms could depend on concurrent increases in positive affect and mindfulness, whereas the levels of post-stress decline in cortisol secretion could depend on increases in mindfulness both during and after stress. Directions for translating the present findings into stress management programmes in college settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kai Hou
- a Department of Psychological Studies , The Hong Kong Institute of Education , Hong Kong
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21
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Almeida SSLD, Martins AM, Rezende AM, Schall VT, Modena CM. Sentidos do cuidado: a perspectiva de cuidadores de homens com câncer. PSICO-USF 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-82712013000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Há, na atualidade, uma tendência para que os cuidados aos pacientes com câncer sejam realizados no âmbito familiar. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou compreender como os cuidadores de homens em tratamento oncológico significam a experiência do cuidado. Foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas com 10 cuidadores de homens com câncer em um hospital público, especializado em oncologia, na cidade de Belo Horizonte-MG. Na análise, realizada à luz do referencial fenomenológico heideggeriano, pode-se conhecer o sentido que os cuidadores atribuem ao câncer, o significado atribuído à experiência de ser cuidador e os sentidos do cuidar. Considera-se que conhecer os sentidos que os cuidadores atribuem ao seu fazer possibilita pensar em intervenções direcionadas às necessidades desses sujeitos, visando melhorar sua qualidade de vida.
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Hou WK, Wan JHY. Perceived control mediates the prospective impact of relationship quality in the year after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Ann Behav Med 2013; 43:129-38. [PMID: 21874395 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-011-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative cancer-related intrusive thoughts reduce the benefit of relationship quality on the psychological adjustment of cancer patients. Little is known about the role of perceived control over cancer-related problems in the association between relationship quality and adjustment. PURPOSE This study examined whether perceived personal control (i.e., on one's own) and collective control (i.e., collaboration with family/friends) mediate the associations between relationship quality and psychological outcomes. METHODS Chinese colorectal cancer patients (n = 234) were assessed at diagnosis (T1) and at 3- (T2) and 12-month (T3) follow-ups. RESULTS T2 collective control mediated the association between T1 family relationship quality and T3 satisfaction with life. The negative association between T1 family relationship quality and T3 depression was independent of T2 personal/collective control. CONCLUSIONS Collective control mediates the relationship between family relationship quality and satisfaction with life, suggesting the need for interventions to enhance relationship quality and perceived control among newly diagnosed cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kai Hou
- Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong.
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Affect and mindfulness as predictors of change in mood disturbance, stress symptoms, and quality of life in a community-based yoga program for cancer survivors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:419496. [PMID: 23762132 PMCID: PMC3676912 DOI: 10.1155/2013/419496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the psychological determinants by which benefits are accrued via yoga practice in cancer-related clinical settings. Using a longitudinal multilevel modeling approach, associations between affect, mindfulness, and patient-reported mental health outcomes, including mood disturbance, stress symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQL), were examined in an existing seven-week yoga program for cancer survivors. Participants (N = 66) were assessed before and after the yoga program and at three- and six-month follow-ups. Decreases in mood disturbance and stress symptoms and improvements in HRQL were observed upon program completion. Improvements in mood disturbance and stress symptoms were maintained at the three- and six-month follow-ups. HRQL exhibited further improvement at the three-month follow-up, which was maintained at the six-month follow-up. Improvements in measures of well-being were predicted by initial positive yoga beliefs and concurrently assessed affective and mindfulness predictor variables. Previous yoga experience, affect, mindfulness, and HRQL were related to yoga practice maintenance over the course of the study.
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Resilience in the year after cancer diagnosis: a cross-lagged panel analysis of the reciprocity between psychological distress and well-being. J Behav Med 2013; 37:391-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-013-9497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cardenal V, Cerezo MV, Martínez J, Ortiz-Tallo M, José Blanca M. Personality, emotions and coping styles: predictive value for the evolution of cancer patients. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 15:756-67. [PMID: 22774449 DOI: 10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study had a twofold goal: to define differences in psychological aspects between cancer patients and a control group and to explore the predictive value of such aspects for the evolution of the disease two years later. Firstly, personality, anxiety, anger and depression were assessed in both groups. Results of t-analyses revealed significant group differences. In personality, cancer patients had higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness than the control group. In emotional variables, cancer patients had higher levels of anxiety and some aspects of anger, but there were no group differences in depression levels. Secondly, applying a quasi-prospective design, the predictive value of personality, emotions and coping styles for the evolution of cancer (favourable or unfavourable) was explored using generalized linear models and logistic regression. A four-predictor logistic model was fitted: Anger Expression-In, Resignation, Self-blame and Conscientiousness, indicating that the higher Anger Expression-in, Resignation, and Self-blame scores together with a lower Conscientiousness score, the more likely it is for patients' cancer to evolve unfavourably. These results indicate the crucial role of psychological aspects for the evolution of the disease and the need to include such aspects in the design of clinical interventions.
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Stark L, Tofthagen C, Visovsky C, McMillan SC. The Symptom Experience of Patients with Cancer. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2012; 14:61-70. [PMID: 22639548 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0b013e318236de5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Stark
- Instructor, University of South Florida, College of Nursing, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, 813-974-1938
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27
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Llewellyn CD, Horney DJ, McGurk M, Weinman J, Herold J, Altman K, Smith HE. Assessing the psychological predictors of benefit finding in patients with head and neck cancer. Psychooncology 2011; 22:97-105. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D. Llewellyn
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Division of Primary Care and Public Health; Mayfield House; Brighton; UK
| | - Debbie J. Horney
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Division of Primary Care and Public Health; Mayfield House; Brighton; UK
| | - Mark McGurk
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Guy's Hospital; London; UK
| | - John Weinman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology; King's College London, Guy's Hospital; London; UK
| | - Jim Herold
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Royal Sussex County Hospital; Brighton; UK
| | - Keith Altman
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Royal Sussex County Hospital; Brighton; UK
| | - Helen E. Smith
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Division of Primary Care and Public Health; Mayfield House; Brighton; UK
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Intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of cancer perception: a confirmatory factor analysis of the cancer experience and efficacy scale (CEES). Support Care Cancer 2009; 18:561-71. [PMID: 19588170 PMCID: PMC2946548 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-009-0687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sociocultural factors influence psychological adjustment to cancer in Asian patients in two major ways: prioritization of relationships over individual orientations and belief in the efficacy of interpersonal cooperation. We derived and validated among Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients an instrument assessing cancer perceptions to enable the study of the sociocultural processes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Qualitative interviews (n = 16) derived 15 items addressing interpersonal experience in Chinese CRC patients' adjustment. These 15 items and 18 corresponding self-referent items were administered to 166 Chinese CRC survivors and subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to establish the initial scale structure and reliability. The final 29 items, together with other psychometric measures, were administered to a second cohort of 215 CRC patients and subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS EFA (63.35% of the total variance) extracted six factors: personal strain, socioeconomic strain, emotional strain, personal efficacy, collective efficacy, and proxy efficacy. CFA confirmed the psychometric structure [chi (2)(df) = 702.91(368); Comparative Fit Index = 0.95; Nonnormed Fit Index = 0.94; Incremental Fit Index = 0.95; standardized root mean square residual = 0.08] of the six factors by using a model with two latent factors: experience and efficacy. All subscales were reliable (alpha = 0.76-0.92). Appropriate correlations with adjustment outcomes (symptom distress, psychological morbidity, and subjective well-being), optimistic personalities, and social relational quality indicated its convergent and divergent validity. Known group comparisons (i.e., age, active treatment, and colostomy) showed its clinical utility. CONCLUSION The cancer experience and efficacy scale is a valid multidimensional instrument for assessing intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of cancer experience in Asian patients, potentiating existing patient-reported outcome measures.
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