1
|
Chen H, Zhou L, Fong D, Cun Y, Yang Z, Wan C. Quality of life and its related-influencing factors in patients with cervical cancer based on the scale QLICP-CE(V2.0). BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:277. [PMID: 38714996 PMCID: PMC11075199 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life research can guide clinical workers to adopt more targeted treatment and intervention measures, so as to achieve the purpose of improving patients' quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with cervical cancer and to explore its influencing factors. METHODS A total of 186 patients with cervical cancer were investigated by using the QLICP-CE (V2.0) scale (Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Cervical Cancer) developed by our group in China. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, univariate analysis, and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The total score of quality of life scale for cervical cancer patients was (62.58 ± 12.69), Univariate analysis of objective clinical indexes showed that creatinine concentration was a negative influence factor in the psychological domain, potassium ion concentration was a negative influence factor in the common symptoms and side effect domain, erythrocyte content was a positive influence factor physical domain and common general domain. Multiple linear regression results suggested that clinical staging was the influencing factor of common symptom and side effect domain, common general module and total score of scale. Marital status has different degrees of influence on the psychological, social, and common general domains. The level of education also influenced scores in the social domain. CONCLUSION The total score of quality of life in patients with cervical cancer who received active treatment was acceptable. Marital status, clinical staging, and educational level are the factors that affect the quality of life of patients with cervical cancer. At the same time, potassium ion concentration, red blood cell count and creatinine concentration also have important effects on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Therefore, it is very important to give personalized treatment and nursing to patients based on various factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Quality of Life and Psychological Assessment and Intervention, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Daniel Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingli Cun
- Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Chonghua Wan
- Key Laboratory for Quality of Life and Psychological Assessment and Intervention, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lukić M, Jovović L, Bedek J, Grgić M, Kuharić N, Rožman T, Čupić I, Weck B, Fong D, Bilandžija H. A practical guide for the husbandry of cave and surface invertebrates as the first step in establishing new model organisms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300962. [PMID: 38573919 PMCID: PMC10994295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
While extensive research on traditional model species has significantly advanced the biological sciences, the ongoing search for new model organisms is essential to tackle contemporary challenges such as human diseases or climate change, and fundamental phenomena including adaptation or speciation. Recent methodological advances such as next-generation sequencing, gene editing, and imaging are widely applicable and have simplified the selection of species with specific traits from the wild. However, a critical milestone in this endeavor remains the successful cultivation of selected species. A historically overlooked but increasingly recognized group of non-model organisms are cave dwellers. These unique animals offer invaluable insights into the genetic basis of human diseases like eye degeneration, metabolic and neurological disorders, and basic evolutionary principles and the origin of adaptive phenotypes. However, to take advantage of the beneficial traits of cave-dwelling animals, laboratory cultures must be established-a practice that remains extremely rare except for the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. For most cave-dwelling organisms, there are no published culturing protocols. In this study, we present the results of our multi-year effort to establish laboratory cultures for a variety of invertebrate groups. We have developed comprehensive protocols for housing, feeding, and husbandry of cave dwellers and their surface relatives. Our recommendations are versatile and can be applied to a wide range of species. Hopefully our efforts will facilitate the establishment of new laboratory animal facilities for cave-dwelling organisms and encourage their greater use in experimental biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lukić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Jovović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Bedek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Grgić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tin Rožman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Čupić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bob Weck
- Department of Biology, Southwestern Illinois College, Belleville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel Fong
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Helena Bilandžija
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan E, Wan D, To L, Ng HKL, Lai DWL, Cheng ST, Kwok T, Leung EMF, Lou VWQ, Fong D, Chaudhury H, Pillemer K, Lachs M. Staff Turnover Intention at Long-Term Care Facilities: Implications of Resident Aggression, Burnout, and Fatigue. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:396-402. [PMID: 37972647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staff shortages and the high turnover rate of nursing assistants pose great challenges to long-term care. This study examined the effects of aggression from residents of long-term care facilities, burnout, and fatigue on staff turnover intention. The findings will help managers to devise effective measures to retain their staff. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study design. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 800 nursing assistants were recruited from 70 long-term care facilities using convenience sampling. METHODS The participants were individually interviewed and provided information about their turnover intention, resident aggression witnessed and experienced, self-efficacy, neuroticism, burnout, fatigue, and personal and facility characteristics. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the size and organizational practices of long-term care facilities were not associated with staff turnover intention. Staff who spent less time in the industry reported witnessing resident-to-resident aggression, experienced resident-to-staff aggression, reported high levels of burnout, had acute or chronic fatigue, and had low levels of inter-shift recovery were more likely than others to report a high turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Staff turnover poses great challenges to staff, residents, and organizations. This study identified important factors that may help support staff in long-term care facilities. Specific measures, such as person-centered care to diminish resident aggression by addressing residents' unmet needs, work-directed programs to mitigate burnout and improve staff mental health, and flexible schedules to prevent fatigue should also be advocated to prevent staff turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Debby Wan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Louis To
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haze K L Ng
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel W L Lai
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheung-Tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and School of Public Health, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Fong
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Habib Chaudhury
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karl Pillemer
- Cornell College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Lachs
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mair MJ, Mitterer M, Buratti T, Berchtold L, Fong D, Preusser M. Timely course of SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations in patients with hemato-oncological diseases: analysis of a real-life cohort. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101559. [PMID: 37196399 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has particularly impacted patients with hemato-oncological malignancies, as they showed not only a higher propensity for severe courses but also weaker immune responses after vaccination. Still, data on the influence of pandemic waves and vaccinations on outcomes are rare. This study aimed to analyze the timely course of infections and vaccinations in a real-life cohort of patients with hemato-oncological diseases. METHODS In this cohort study, 1817 patients with hemato-oncological diseases from 1 February 2020 to 15 December 2022 at the 'Franz Tappeiner' Hospital in Merano/Meran, Italy, were followed for SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations. RESULTS Of 1817 patients with hemato-oncological malignancies, 735 (40.5%) were infected at least once with SARS-CoV-2, and 1614 (88.8%) received one or more doses of the approved vaccinations. Patients receiving antineoplastic treatment had a lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rate [35.1% versus 41.0%; odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.95], but higher risk of hospitalization (13.4% versus 6.9%; OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.25-3.69) compared with untreated patients. Overall, the case fatality rate (CFR) was 3.4%. Unvaccinated patients were more prone to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) courses requiring hospitalization (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.25-4.36) and had a higher CFR (7.3% versus 1.6%; OR 4.98, 95% CI 2.16-12.98) than their vaccinated counterparts. In the Delta wave, patients with two vaccinations had a lower infection risk (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.35) and tendentially lower hospitalization rates (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.05-1.29) than unvaccinated patients. In the Omicron wave, 345/1198 (28.8%) patients with three or more vaccinations had breakthrough infections, resulting in a similar risk for infection (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.60-1.30) but numerically lower risk for hospitalization (24/345, 7.0%) than unvaccinated individuals (4/40, 10.0%). Scheduled visits were postponed in 128/335 (38.2%) patients due to COVID-19, and deferrals correlated with pandemic wave (P = 0.002) and vaccination status (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes differ between distinct phases of the pandemic. Vaccination with variant-specific vaccines should be prioritized as general protective measures are increasingly lifted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Mair
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. https://twitter.com/MedUni_Wien
| | - M Mitterer
- Hemato-Oncological Day Hospital Unit, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Meran/Merano, Italy
| | - T Buratti
- Hemato-Oncological Day Hospital Unit, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Meran/Merano, Italy
| | - L Berchtold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Fong
- Hemato-Oncological Day Hospital Unit, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Meran/Merano, Italy
| | - M Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan E, Lai DWL, Cheng ST, Ng HKL, Lou VWQ, Fong D, Kwok T. Typology of family caregivers of older persons: A latent profile analysis using elder mistreatment risk and protective factors. J Elder Abuse Negl 2023:1-31. [PMID: 37021959 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2023.2197269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to identify subpopulations of caregivers of older persons based on their profiles of individual characteristics and caregiving contexts and aimed at examining the associations between caregiver profiles and elder mistreatment. A convenient sample of 600 adult caregivers of community-dwelling older people in Hong Kong participated. Results of latent profile analysis support a typology of 3 distinctive caregiver profiles: (a) non-vulnerable caregivers; (b) isolated, vulnerable caregivers; and (c) traumatized, vulnerable caregivers. Isolated and traumatized caregivers reported greater risk factors related to elder mistreatment: They had higher levels of caregiver stress and burden, lower levels of social support and resilience, greater neurotic personality orientation and problematic gambling behavior, and more severe childhood traumatic experiences. The two groups also display significantly higher level of abusive behaviors than non-vulnerable caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel W L Lai
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheung Tak Cheng
- Department of Psychological Studies, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
| | - Haze K L Ng
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Timothy Kwok
- Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Annunziata C, Fattahpour H, Fong D, Hadjiargyrou M, Sanaei P. Effects of Elasticity on Cell Proliferation in a Tissue-Engineering Scaffold Pore. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:25. [PMID: 36826607 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds engineered for in vitro tissue engineering consist of multiple pores where cells can migrate along with nutrient-rich culture medium. The presence of the nutrient medium throughout the scaffold pores promotes cell proliferation, and this process depends on several factors such as scaffold geometry, nutrient medium flow rate, shear stress, cell-scaffold focal adhesions and elastic properties of the scaffold material. While numerous studies have addressed the first four factors, the mathematical approach described herein focuses on cell proliferation rate in elastic scaffolds, under constant flux of nutrients. As cells proliferate, the scaffold pores radius shrinks and thus, in order to sustain the nutrient flux, the inlet applied pressure on the upstream side of the scaffold pore must be increased. This results in expansion of the elastic scaffold pore, which in turn further increases the rate of cell proliferation. Considering the elasticity of the scaffold, the pore deformation allows further cellular growth beyond that of inelastic conditions. In this paper, our objectives are as follows: (i) Develop a mathematical model for describing fluid dynamics, scaffold elasticity and cell proliferation for scaffolds consist of identical nearly cylindrical pores; (ii) Solve the models and then simulate cellular proliferation within an elastic pore. The simulation can emulate real life tissue growth in a scaffold and offer a solution which reduces the numerical burdens. Lastly, our results demonstrated are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Annunziata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Haniyeh Fattahpour
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Daniel Fong
- Department of Mathematics and Science, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, NY, 11024, USA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Pejman Sanaei
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan E, Lai DWL, Cheng S, Kwok T, Leung EMF, Lou VWQ, Fong D, Chaudhury H, Pillemer K, Lachs M. Resident‐to‐resident
aggression in long‐term care facilities: Prevalence and risk factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 71:1666-1670. [PMID: 36519730 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Daniel W. L. Lai
- Facuty of Social Sciences Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sheung‐Tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and School of Public Health The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Vivian W. Q. Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Daniel Fong
- School of Nursing University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Habib Chaudhury
- Department of Gerontology Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada
| | - Karl Pillemer
- Cornell College of Human Ecology Cornell University, Ithaca New York USA
| | - Mark Lachs
- Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University, Ithaca New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kendall LV, Boyd TD, Sillau SH, Bosco-Lauth A, Markham N, Fong D, Clarke P, Tyler KL, Potter H. GM-CSF Promotes Immune Response and Survival in a Mouse Model of COVID-19. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1213395. [PMID: 35118463 PMCID: PMC8811947 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1213395/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 results in increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, but inflammation-targeting clinical trials have yielded poor to mixed results. Our studies of other disorders with an inflammatory component, including Alzheimer's disease, chemobrain, Down syndrome, normal aging, and West Nile Virus infection, showed that treatment with the 'pro-inflammatory' cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in humans or mouse models alleviated clinical, behavioral, and pathological features. We proposed that human recombinant GM-CSF (sargramostim) be repurposed to promote both the innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 to reduce viral load and mortality1. Here, we report the results of a placebo-controlled study of GM-CSF in human ACE2 transgenic mice inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV2 virus, a model of COVID-19. Infection resulted in high viral titers in lungs and brains and over 85% mortality. GM-CSF treatment beginning one day after infection increased anti-viral antibody titers, lowered mean lung viral titers proportionately (p=0.0020) and increased the odds of long-term survival by up to 5.8-fold (p=0.0358), compared to placebo. These findings suggest that, as an activator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, GM-CSF/sargramostim may be an effective COVID-19 therapy with the potential to protect from re-infection more effectively than treatment with antiviral drugs or monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L V Kendall
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO
| | - T D Boyd
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - S H Sillau
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - A Bosco-Lauth
- Colorado State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO
| | - N Markham
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - D Fong
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - P Clarke
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - K L Tyler
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Denver VA Medical Center, Denver CO
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - H Potter
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fong D. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Repurposed Drugs to Improve Current Therapies. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/22123970mte0emdyq1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Tso WYW, Hui SK, Lee TMC, Liu APY, Ip P, Cheng K, Fong D, Chang D, Ho FKW, Yip KM, Ku D, Cheuk DKL, Luk CW, Shing MK, Leung LK, Khong PL, Chan GCF. QOL-25. MICROSTRUCTURAL BRAIN CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROCOGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMUOR SURVIVORS – A DIFFUSIONAL KURTOSIS IMAGING STUDY. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715703 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Childhood intracranial germ cell tumour (iGCT) survivors are prone to radiotherapy-related neurotoxicity which can lead to neurocognitive dysfunction. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a MRI technique that quantifies microstructural changes in the grey and white matter of the brain. This study aims to investigate the associations between MR-DKI metrics, the cognitive and functional outcomes of childhood iGCT survivors.
METHOD
20 childhood iGCT survivors who had received cranial radiotherapy were recruited. DKI parameters were determined for iGCT survivors and 18 control subjects. Neurocognitive assessment using the Hong Kong Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (HKWISC)/ Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS-R) and functional assessment using the Lansky/ Karnofsky performance scales were performed for GCT survivors.
RESULTS
There were significant negative correlation between the IQ scores and the mean diffusivity (MD) in multiple white matter regions of iGCT survivors including: anterior limb of internal capsule, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum and hippocampus. Mean kurtosis (MK) values of the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus were positively correlated with IQ scores. For grey matter, the MD of the olfactory, insula, caudate, heschl gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, anterior cingulum, frontal inferior operculum, middle and superior temporal gyrus, middle and superior frontal orbital gyri, cuneus and precentral gyrus were negatively correlated with IQ scores. Most of the microstructural changes with associated functional impairment were white matter regions.
CONCLUSION
Our study identified vulnerable brain regions with significant white and grey matter microstructural changes that were associated with impaired cognitive function or deficits in physical functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yee Winnie Tso
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Kam Hui
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tatia Mei Chun Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Pak Yin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Fong
- Department of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dorita Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick K W Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ka Man Yip
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis Ku
- Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - L K Leung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pek Lan Khong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aspinall S, Hignett S, Godsiff S, Wheeler P, Fong D. A way to reduce manipulations under anaesthetic the STAK tool: a stretching device to treat arthrofibrosis following total knee replacement. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Alhasan H, Alshehri M, Fong D, Wheeler P. The effect of exergames on balance and falls in frail older adult: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Nguyen JT, Fong J, Fong D, Fong T, Lucero RM, Gallimore JM, Burata OE, Parungao K, Rascón AA. Soluble expression of recombinant midgut zymogen (native propeptide) proteases from the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Utilizing E. coli as a host. BMC Biochem 2018; 19:12. [PMID: 30563449 PMCID: PMC6299515 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Studying proteins and enzymes involved in important biological processes in the Aedes aegypti mosquito is limited by the quantity that can be directly isolated from the mosquito. Adding to this difficulty, digestive enzymes (midgut proteases) involved in metabolizing blood meal proteins require a more oxidizing environment to allow proper folding of disulfide bonds. Therefore, recombinant techniques to express foreign proteins in Escherichia coli prove to be effective in producing milligram quantities of the expressed product. However, with the most commonly used strains having a reducing cytoplasm, soluble expression of recombinant proteases is hampered. Fortunately, new E. coli strains with a more oxidizing cytoplasm are now available to ensure proper folding of disulfide bonds. Results Utilizing an E. coli strain with a more oxidizing cytoplasm (SHuffle® T7, New England Biolabs) and changes in bacterial growth temperature has resulted in the soluble expression of the four most abundantly expressed Ae. aegypti midgut proteases (AaET, AaSPVI, AaSPVII, and AaLT). A previous attempt of solubly expressing the full-length zymogen forms of these proteases with the leader (signal) sequence and a modified pseudo propeptide with a heterologous enterokinase cleavage site led to insoluble recombinant protein expression. In combination with the more oxidizing cytoplasm, and changes in growth temperature, helped improve the solubility of the zymogen (no leader) native propeptide proteases in E. coli. Furthermore, the approach led to autocatalytic activation of the proteases during bacterial expression and observable BApNA activity. Different time-points after bacterial growth induction were tested to determine the time at which the inactive (zymogen) species is observed to transition to the active form. This helped with the purification and isolation of only the inactive zymogen forms using Nickel affinity. Conclusions The difficulty in solubly expressing recombinant proteases in E. coli is caused by the native reducing cytoplasm. However, with bacterial strains with a more oxidizing cytoplasm, recombinant soluble expression can be achieved, but only in concert with changes in bacterial growth temperature. The method described herein should provide a facile starting point to recombinantly expressing Ae. aegypti mosquito proteases or proteins dependent on disulfide bonds utilizing E. coli as a host. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12858-018-0101-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Jonathan Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Daniel Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Timothy Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Rachael M Lucero
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Jamie M Gallimore
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Olive E Burata
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Kamille Parungao
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Alberto A Rascón
- Department of Chemistry, Duncan Hall 612, One Washington Square, San José State University, San José, CA, 95192, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siu P, Chin E, Wong S, Fong D, Chan D, Ngai H, Lee P, Yung P. Low-Frequency High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Overweight Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535753.25704.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Fong D, Cummings LJ. Mathematical Modeling of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Postconditioning Therapy. Bull Math Biol 2017; 79:2474-2511. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Lai A, Fong D, Lam J, Ip M. Long-term efficacy of an education programme in improving adherence with continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23 Suppl 2:24-27. [PMID: 29938667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Lai
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong
| | - D Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong
| | - M Ip
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barker-Davies RM, Nicol A, McCurdie I, Watson J, Baker P, Wheeler P, Fong D, Lewis M, Bennett AN. Study protocol: a double blind randomised control trial of high volume image guided injections in Achilles and patellar tendinopathy in a young active population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:204. [PMID: 28532478 PMCID: PMC5441076 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic tendinopathy is a significant problem particularly in active populations limiting sporting and occupational performance. The prevalence of patellar tendinopathy in some sports is near 50% and the incidence of lower limb tendinopathy is 1.4% p.a. in the UK Military. Management includes isometric, eccentric, heavy slow resistance exercises and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT). Often these treatments are inadequate yet there is no good evidence for injection therapies and success rates from surgery can be as low as 50%. High Volume Image Guided Injection (HVIGI) proposes to strip away the neovascularity and disrupt the nerve ingrowth seen in chronic cases and has shown promising results in case series. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of HVIGI in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods RCT comparing 40ml HVIGI, with or without corticosteroid, with a 3ml local anaesthetic sham-control injection. Ninety-six participants will be recruited. Inclusion criteria: male, 18–55 years old, chronic Achilles or patellar tendinopathy of at least 6 months, failed conservative management including ESWT, and Ultrasound (US) evidence of neovascularisation, tendon thickening and echogenic changes. Outcome measures will be recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome measures include The Victoria Institute of Sport Assessments for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy (VISA-A and VISA-P) and VAS pain. Secondary outcome measures include Modified Ohberg score, maximum tendon diameter and assessment of hypoechoic appearance on US, and Functional Activity Assessment. Discussion Despite previous interventional trials and reviews there is still insufficient evidence to guide injectable therapy for chronic tendinopathy that has failed conservative treatment. The scant evidence available suggests HVIGI has the greatest potential however there is no level one RCT evidence to support this. Investigating the efficacy of HVIGI against control in a RCT and separating the effect of HVIGI and corticosteroid will add high level evidence to the management of chronic tendinopathy resistant to conservative treatment. Trial Registration EudraCT: 2015-003587-36 3 Dec 2015
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Barker-Davies
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey, KT18 6JW, UK. .,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands, Loughboruough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Alastair Nicol
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey, KT18 6JW, UK
| | - I McCurdie
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey, KT18 6JW, UK
| | - James Watson
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey, KT18 6JW, UK
| | - Polly Baker
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey, KT18 6JW, UK
| | - Patrick Wheeler
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands, Loughboruough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Daniel Fong
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands, Loughboruough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Mark Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands, Loughboruough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Alexander N Bennett
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey, KT18 6JW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lam WWT, Law WL, Poon JTC, Fong D, Girgis A, Fielding R. A longitudinal study of supportive care needs among Chinese patients awaiting colorectal cancer surgery. Psychooncology 2015; 25:496-505. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W. T. Lam
- School of Public Health; The University of Hong Kong; Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Lun Law
- Department of Surgery; The University of Hong Kong; Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong
| | - Jensen T. C. Poon
- Department of Surgery; The University of Hong Kong; Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Fong
- School of Nursing; The University of Hong Kong; Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong
| | - Afaf Girgis
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research; South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Richard Fielding
- School of Public Health; The University of Hong Kong; Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lam WWT, Yeo W, Suen J, Ho WM, Tsang J, Soong I, Yau TK, Wong KY, Sze WK, Ng AWY, Kwong A, Suen D, Fong D, Ho S, Fielding R. Goal adjustment influence on psychological well-being following advanced breast cancer diagnosis. Psychooncology 2015; 25:58-65. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W. T. Lam
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health; The University of Hong Kong (HKU); Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Yeo
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Suen
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Wing Ming Ho
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Janice Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology; HKU; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Inda Soong
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Chai Wan Hong Kong
| | - Tze Kok Yau
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Chai Wan Hong Kong
| | - Ka Yan Wong
- Department of Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Wing Kin Sze
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Tuen Mun Hong Kong
| | - Alice W. Y. Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Tuen Mun Hong Kong
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery; HKU; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Dacita Suen
- Department of Surgery; HKU; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | | | - Samuel Ho
- Department of Applied Social Studies; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - Richard Fielding
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology Research and Training, School of Public Health; The University of Hong Kong (HKU); Pokfulam Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seeber A, Spizzo G, Terracciano L, Lugli A, Steiner N, Mazzoleni G, Gastl G, Fong D. Truncated Epcam is Associated with a More Aggressive Phenotype and Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu326.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
21
|
Wang D, De Vito G, Ditroilo M, Fong D, Delahunt E. THE EFFECTS OF FATIGUE ON PEAK TORQUE, MUSCLE STIFFNESS, AND MUSCULOARTICULAR STIFFNESS OF THE KNEE JOINT IN YOUNG MALE ATHLETES. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
22
|
Fong D, Bos C, Stuart T, Perron S, Kosatsky T, Shum M. Prevention, identification, and treatment options for the management of bed bug infestations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5864/d2012-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, bed bug infestations have been increasing worldwide. Historically, studies have failed to provide evidence for the transmission of human diseases through bed bugs, but recent evidence is lacking. Although physical reactions to bed bug bites continue to be documented, evidence regarding the mental health effects arising from bed bug infestations is limited to anecdotes and case reports. This report provides an update and summary of the bed bug management strategies discussed during a workshop at the 2010 Canadian Public Health Association Conference. “Best practices” regarding prevention, identification, and treatment options are presented, using evidence from existing evaluative studies. Awareness of bed bug behaviour and proper building maintenance can prevent transfer of bed bugs from belongings, including second-hand items, and reduce entry points and harbourage sites. In addition to inspection by trained professionals, early recognition of clinical symptoms and environmental signs of an infestation are important to avoid further spread of bed bugs and to allow implementation of safe and effective treatment options. Early findings may indicate a need for special support for vulnerable individuals with mental health issues potentially exacerbated by bed bug infestations. Preparing units for treatment, including the removal of clutter, is essential. However, physical and financial limitations are challenges for managing bed bug infestations, especially for vulnerable populations. Current treatment options such as application of heat or pesticides can be effective when properly implemented, but there are concerns with pesticide resistance. An Integrated Pest Management approach is recommended and should include ongoing monitoring and prevention that are essential for positive treatment outcomes. Regulatory officials, building management, and pest management professionals are encouraged to collaborate using a systematic approach to address bed bug infestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fong
- National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Constance Bos
- National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | | | - Tom Kosatsky
- National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Mona Shum
- National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Renninger G, Lajoie C, Brad Hanna WJ, Fong D, House C, Zelin J. Phase-shifting and Entrainment of a Circadian Rhythm in Limulus polyphemus by Ocular and Extraocular Photoreceptors. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1076/brhm.28.3.5.50.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
25
|
Wolf DG, Fong D, Scherrer L, Wolf A, Reimer D, Marth C, Mueller-Holzner E, Braun S, Zeimet AG. Treg and T eff in the bone marrow of early-stage breast cancer patients with disseminated tumor cells. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
26
|
Senta H, Park H, Bergeron E, Drevelle O, Fong D, Leblanc E, Cabana F, Roux S, Grenier G, Faucheux N. Cell responses to bone morphogenetic proteins and peptides derived from them: Biomedical applications and limitations. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:213-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Muhlmann G, Spizzo G, Gostner J, Zitt M, Maier H, Moser P, Gastl G, Zitt M, Muller HM, Margreiter R, Ofner D, Fong D. TROP2 expression as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2008; 62:152-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
28
|
Wong ST, Yuen SC, Fok KF, Yam KY, Fong D. Infraoptic anterior cerebral artery: review, report of two cases and an anatomical classification. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008; 150:1087-96. [PMID: 18777005 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-008-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infraoptic course of the pre-communicating anterior cerebral artery (A1) is a rare anomaly. In total, there are 42 examples reported in the literature. We report two further patients. The first had an intradural cerebral aneurysm at the low bifurcation of an internal carotid artery (ICA) with bilateral infraoptic course of A1. The second had right infraoptic course of A1 with associated left parietal cerebral arteriovenous malformation and is the first report of such an association. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Overall, 59% of the examples were associated with cerebral aneurysms. Different terminology such as carotid-anterior cerebral artery anastomosis and infraoptic anterior cerebral artery has been used. Having analyzed the reports of infraoptic A1, we found the vascular configurations of the A1 could be better described by classifying them into four types. Such a classification can facilitate analysis of the embryogenesis explanation for this anomaly and the pathogenesis of the associated aneurysms. Besides, such a classification also has some practical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fong D, Moser P, Krammel C, Gostner JM, Margreiter R, Mitterer M, Gastl G, Spizzo G. High expression of TROP2 correlates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1290-5. [PMID: 18813308 PMCID: PMC2570520 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most devastating human malignancies. Despite considerable research efforts, it remains resistant to almost all available treatment regimens. The human trophoblast cell-surface antigen, TROP2, was found to be strongly expressed in a variety of human epithelial cancers, correlating with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. TROP2 antigen expression was investigated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded primary tumour tissue samples from a series (n=197) of consecutive patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Parameters found to be of prognostic significance in univariate analysis were verified in a multivariate Cox regression model. TROP2 overexpression was observed in 109 (55%) of 197 pancreatic cancer patients and was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P<0.01). By univariate analysis, TROP2 overexpression was found to correlate with the presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.04) and tumour grade (P=0.01). Furthermore, in the subgroup of patients treated surgically with curative intent, TROP2 overexpression significantly correlated with poor progression-free survival (P<0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed TROP2 to be an independent prognosticator. These findings suggest for the first time that TROP2 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Targeting TROP2 might be a useful treatment approach for patients with pancreatic cancer overexpressing this cell-surface marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Crawford S, Boisvert E, Herbert T, Potter H, Diamond D, Sprague W, Pennareta R, Fong D, Liddie S, Okhiria F. Extracts prepared from primitive plant: common ladyfern (species Athyrium filix-femina) displays potent anti-cancer effects in preclinical assessments of diverse human malignant cell lines. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
31
|
Abstract
Molecular interactions at the host-parasite interface are crucial for the outcome of microbial infection, particularly in infection by intracellular parasites, such as Leishmania donovani and Leishmania mexicana, whose natural transmission begins with the delivery of the promastigote stage by the sandfly vector into the susceptible host. The ensuing event is intracellular parasitism of macrophages in the host by the amastigote stage. The establishment of this event in leishmaniasis must follow the sequence: (1) Leishmania-macrophage attachment; (2) entry of Leishmania species into macrophages; (3) intra-macrophage survival and differentiation of Leishmania species; and (4) intracellular multiplication of Leishmania species. This sequence precedes all clinical symptoms and pathological consequences in different forms of the disease. Study of these cellular events in Leishmania-macrophage systems in vitro indicates that host-parasite membrane interactions dictate many of the cellular events. Some morphological and functional changes of macrophages in response to leishmanial infection are related to their membrane activities, i.e. endocytosis and exocytosis. Leishmania parasites undergo profound plasma membrane-related changes, on entry into macrophages, at the morphological, antigenic and molecular levels. Most of these changes probably reflect necessary steps for the transition of Leishmania species from an extracellular to an intracellular life. The remarkable ability of Leishmania species subsequently to live in the secondary lysosome of the macrophage may also be due to certain intrinsic structures and dynamic properties of the parasite plasma membrane. Further analysis of leishmanial surface molecules and their interactions with macrophages is essential in any attempt to understand the pathogenic mechanism in leishmaniasis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tiwari A, Chan KL, Fong D, Leung WC, Brownridge DA, Lam H, Wong B, Lam CM, Chau F, Chan A, Cheung KB, Ho PC. The impact of psychological abuse by an intimate partner on the mental health of pregnant women. BJOG 2008; 115:377-84. [PMID: 18190375 PMCID: PMC2253706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this first population-based study in Hong Kong was to assess the impact of psychological abuse by an intimate partner on the mental health of pregnant women. Design Survey. Setting Antenatal clinics in seven public hospitals in Hong Kong. Population Three thousand two hundred and forty-five pregnant women. Methods The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and demographic questionnaires were administered face-to-face at 32–36 weeks of gestation. At 1 week postpartum, the AAS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and SF-12 Health Survey were administered by telephone. Main outcome measures Intimate partner violence, postnatal depression and health-related quality of life. Results Two hundred and ninety six (9.1%) of the participants reported abuse by an intimate partner in the past year. Of those abused, 216 (73%) reported psychological abuse only and 80 (27%) reported physical and/or sexual abuse. Forty six (57.5%) in the physical and/or sexual abuse group also reported psychological abuse. Women in the psychological abuse only group had a higher risk of postnatal depression compared with nonabused women (adjusted OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12–3.02). They were also at a higher risk of thinking about harming themselves (adjusted OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.49–8.20) and had significantly poorer mental health-related quality of life (P < 0.001). The higher risks of postnatal depression and thinking of harming themselves were not observed in the physical and/or sexual abuse group although significantly poorer mental health-related quality of life (P < 0.001) was observed. Conclusions Psychological abuse by an intimate partner against pregnant women has a negative impact on their mental health postdelivery. Furthermore, psychological abuse in the absence of physical and/or sexual abuse can have a detrimental effect on the mental health of abused women. The findings underscore the importance of screening pregnant women for abuse by an intimate partner and the need for developing, implementing and evaluating interventions to address psychological abuse. Please cite this paper as: Tiwari A, Chan K, Fong D, Leung W, Brownridge D, Lam H, Wong B, Lam C, Chau F, Chan A, Cheung K, Ho P. The impact of psychological abuse by an intimate partner on the mental health of pregnant women. BJOG 2008;115:377–384.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- Department of Nursing Studies, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fong D, Steurer M, Obrist P, Barbieri V, Margreiter R, Amberger A, Laimer K, Gastl G, Tzankov A, Spizzo G. Ep-CAM expression in pancreatic and ampullary carcinomas: frequency and prognostic relevance. J Clin Pathol 2007; 61:31-5. [PMID: 16775119 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.037333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with only a few long-term survivors even after radical surgery. Patients with ampullary cancer have a better prognosis but adjuvant therapy needs further improvement. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) is strongly expressed in a variety of epithelial cancers and represents a promising target for immunological tumour therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate Ep-CAM expression and its potential prognostic impact in pancreatic and ampullary carcinomas. METHODS Ep-CAM expression was investigated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded primary tumour tissue samples from a series of consecutive patients with pancreatic (n = 153) and ampullary cancer (n = 34). RESULTS Ep-CAM overexpression was observed in 85 of 153 pancreatic cancer specimens (56%) and in 29 of 34 ampullary cancer samples (85%). Overall, Ep-CAM failed to be an independent prognostic marker. However, subgroup analyses showed that Ep-CAM overexpression correlated with shorter overall survival among patients with ampullary cancer and advanced stage pancreatic cancer. In the latter subgroup, survival gradually worsened with increasing Ep-CAM scores. Furthermore, in ampullary cancer, Ep-CAM overexpression was found to correlate with tumour stage. CONCLUSIONS Ep-CAM overexpression was detectable in the majority of cases with pancreatic and ampullary cancer. Therefore, Ep-CAM represents an attractive target for immune-based therapeutic interventions in these tumour entities. However, the prognostic value of Ep-CAM overexpression remains undetermined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lam JCM, Lam B, Lam CL, Fong D, Wang JKL, Tse HF, Lam KSL, Ip MSM. Obstructive sleep apnea and the metabolic syndrome in community-based Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Respir Med 2005; 100:980-7. [PMID: 16337115 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome, an established cardiovascular risk factor, in middle-aged Chinese subjects. DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study from community-dwelling volunteers. SUBJECTS Subjects of either sex between 30 and 60 years old were recruited from the staff in public institutions or visitors to community centers in Hong Kong. METHODS Demographic and anthropomentric indices, blood pressure and metabolic profile (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured. Overnight polysomnographic studies were conducted. Presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)5. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Panel, but using Asian cut-off values for abdominal obesity. RESULTS A total of 255 subjects (150 men, 105 women) were studied. Subjects with OSA had five-fold risk of having metabolic syndrome. OSA was associated with the metabolic syndrome or its components, including waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose, after adjusting for confounding variables. The independent determinants of OSA were age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Among community-based middle-aged Chinese subjects, the metabolic syndrome was independent predictor of OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C M Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meech KJ, Ageorges N, A'Hearn MF, Arpigny C, Ates A, Aycock J, Bagnulo S, Bailey J, Barber R, Barrera L, Barrena R, Bauer JM, Belton MJS, Bensch F, Bhattacharya B, Biver N, Blake G, Bockelée-Morvan D, Boehnhardt H, Bonev BP, Bonev T, Buie MW, Burton MG, Butner HM, Cabanac R, Campbell R, Campins H, Capria MT, Carroll T, Chaffee F, Charnley SB, Cleis R, Coates A, Cochran A, Colom P, Conrad A, Coulson IM, Crovisier J, deBuizer J, Dekany R, de Léon J, Dello Russo N, Delsanti A, DiSanti M, Drummond J, Dundon L, Etzel PB, Farnham TL, Feldman P, Fernández YR, Filipovic MD, Fisher S, Fitzsimmons A, Fong D, Fugate R, Fujiwara H, Fujiyoshi T, Furusho R, Fuse T, Gibb E, Groussin O, Gulkis S, Gurwell M, Hadamcik E, Hainaut O, Harker D, Harrington D, Harwit M, Hasegawa S, Hergenrother CW, Hirst P, Hodapp K, Honda M, Howell ES, Hutsemékers D, Iono D, Ip WH, Jackson W, Jehin E, Jiang ZJ, Jones GH, Jones PA, Kadono T, Kamath UW, Käufl HU, Kasuga T, Kawakita H, Kelley MS, Kerber F, Kidger M, Kinoshita D, Knight M, Lara L, Larson SM, Lederer S, Lee CF, Levasseur-Regourd AC, Li JY, Li QS, Licandro J, Lin ZY, Lisse CM, LoCurto G, Lovell AJ, Lowry SC, Lyke J, Lynch D, Ma J, Magee-Sauer K, Maheswar G, Manfroid J, Marco O, Martin P, Melnick G, Miller S, Miyata T, Moriarty-Schieven GH, Moskovitz N, Mueller BEA, Mumma MJ, Muneer S, Neufeld DA, Ootsubo T, Osip D, Pandea SK, Pantin E, Paterno-Mahler R, Patten B, Penprase BE, Peck A, Petitas G, Pinilla-Alonso N, Pittichova J, Pompei E, Prabhu TP, Qi C, Rao R, Rauer H, Reitsema H, Rodgers SD, Rodriguez P, Ruane R, Ruch G, Rujopakarn W, Sahu DK, Sako S, Sakon I, Samarasinha N, Sarkissian JM, Saviane I, Schirmer M, Schultz P, Schulz R, Seitzer P, Sekiguchi T, Selman F, Serra-Ricart M, Sharp R, Snell RL, Snodgrass C, Stallard T, Stecklein G, Sterken C, Stüwe JA, Sugita S, Sumner M, Suntzeff N, Swaters R, Takakuwa S, Takato N, Thomas-Osip J, Thompson E, Tokunaga AT, Tozzi GP, Tran H, Troy M, Trujillo C, Van Cleve J, Vasundhara R, Vazquez R, Vilas F, Villanueva G, von Braun K, Vora P, Wainscoat RJ, Walsh K, Watanabe J, Weaver HA, Weaver W, Weiler M, Weissman PR, Welsh WF, Wilner D, Wolk S, Womack M, Wooden D, Woodney LM, Woodward C, Wu ZY, Wu JH, Yamashita T, Yang B, Yang YB, Yokogawa S, Zook AC, Zauderer A, Zhao X, Zhou X, Zucconi JM. Deep Impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign. Science 2005; 310:265-9. [PMID: 16150977 DOI: 10.1126/science.1118978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Meech
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Card GL, Blasdel L, England BP, Zhang C, Suzuki Y, Gillette S, Fong D, Ibrahim PN, Artis DR, Bollag G, Milburn MV, Kim SH, Schlessinger J, Zhang KYJ. A family of phosphodiesterase inhibitors discovered by cocrystallography and scaffold-based drug design. Nat Biotechnol 2005; 23:201-7. [PMID: 15685167 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) comprise a large family of enzymes that regulate a variety of cellular processes. We describe a family of potent PDE4 inhibitors discovered using an efficient method for scaffold-based drug design. This method involves an iterative approach starting with low-affinity screening of compounds followed by high-throughput cocrystallography to reveal the molecular basis underlying the activity of the newly identified compounds. Through detailed structural analysis of the interaction of the initially discovered pyrazole carboxylic ester scaffold with PDE4D using X-ray crystallography, we identified three sites of chemical substitution and designed small selective libraries of scaffold derivatives with modifications at these sites. A 4,000-fold increase in the potency of this PDE4 inhibitor was achieved after only two rounds of chemical synthesis and the structural analysis of seven pyrazole derivatives bound to PDE4B or PDE4D, revealing the robustness of this approach for identifying new inhibitors that can be further developed into drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme L Card
- Plexxikon Inc., 91 Bolivar Dr., Berkeley, California 94710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Card GL, England BP, Suzuki Y, Fong D, Powell B, Lee B, Luu C, Tabrizizad M, Gillette S, Ibrahim PN, Artis DR, Bollag G, Milburn MV, Kim SH, Schlessinger J, Zhang KYJ. Structural Basis for the Activity of Drugs that Inhibit Phosphodiesterases. Structure 2004; 12:2233-47. [PMID: 15576036 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Revised: 09/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) comprise a large family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP or cGMP and are implicated in various diseases. We describe the high-resolution crystal structures of the catalytic domains of PDE4B, PDE4D, and PDE5A with ten different inhibitors, including the drug candidates cilomilast and roflumilast, for respiratory diseases. These cocrystal structures reveal a common scheme of inhibitor binding to the PDEs: (i) a hydrophobic clamp formed by highly conserved hydrophobic residues that sandwich the inhibitor in the active site; (ii) hydrogen bonding to an invariant glutamine that controls the orientation of inhibitor binding. A scaffold can be readily identified for any given inhibitor based on the formation of these two types of conserved interactions. These structural insights will enable the design of isoform-selective inhibitors with improved binding affinity and should facilitate the discovery of more potent and selective PDE inhibitors for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme L Card
- Plexxikon, Inc., 91 Bolivar Drive, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang KYJ, Card GL, Suzuki Y, Artis DR, Fong D, Gillette S, Hsieh D, Neiman J, West BL, Zhang C, Milburn MV, Kim SH, Schlessinger J, Bollag G. A glutamine switch mechanism for nucleotide selectivity by phosphodiesterases. Mol Cell 2004; 15:279-86. [PMID: 15260978 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) comprise a family of enzymes that modulate the immune response, inflammation, and memory, among many other functions. There are three types of PDEs: cAMP-specific, cGMP-specific, and dual-specific. Here we describe the mechanism of nucleotide selectivity on the basis of high-resolution co-crystal structures of the cAMP-specific PDE4B and PDE4D with AMP, the cGMP-specific PDE5A with GMP, and the apo-structure of the dual-specific PDE1B. These structures show that an invariant glutamine functions as the key specificity determinant by a "glutamine switch" mechanism for recognizing the purine moiety in cAMP or cGMP. The surrounding residues anchor the glutamine residue in different orientations for cAMP and for cGMP. The PDE1B structure shows that in dual-specific PDEs a key histidine residue may enable the invariant glutamine to toggle between cAMP and cGMP. The structural understanding of nucleotide binding enables the design of new PDE inhibitors that may treat diseases in which cyclic nucleotides play a critical role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kam Y J Zhang
- Plexxikon Inc., 91 Bolivar Drive, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Obrist P, Spizzo G, Ensinger C, Fong D, Brunhuber T, Schäfer G, Varga M, Margreiter R, Amberger A, Gastl G, Christiansen M. Aberrant tetranectin expression in human breast carcinomas as a predictor of survival. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:417-21. [PMID: 15047748 PMCID: PMC1770261 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tetranectin (TN), a plasminogen kringle 4 binding protein, is thought to play a prominent role in the regulation of proteolytic processes via binding to plasminogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TN in human breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissue and to determine the impact of this expression on survival. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 189 patients with breast cancer, with a median follow up time of 10.6 years. The expression of TN was assessed in tumour tissue and adjacent normal breast tissue by immunohistochemistry, and the prognostic relevance of its expression in tumour cells was evaluated. RESULTS TN was highly expressed in connective tissue fibres surrounding normal breast epithelium, but not in normal epithelial cells. High expression of TN in tumour cells was found in 131 (69%) of the tumour samples. By western blot analysis, no significant difference in the amount and molecular weight of TN was seen between tumour tissue and normal tissue. Strong TN immunoreactivity in tumour tissue was predictive of poor disease free and tumour specific overall survival. By multivariate analysis, high TN expression in cancer cells was an independent prognostic factor for disease free and tumour specific overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate differential TN expression in normal and malignant breast tissue and a prognostic impact of TN protein expression in breast carcinoma tissue. These data suggest a possible role of TN in invasiveness and the metastatic spread of human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Obrist
- Department of Pathology, University of Innsbruck, Muellerstr. 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Spizzo G, Gastl G, Wolf D, Gunsilius E, Steurer M, Fong D, Amberger A, Margreiter R, Obrist P. Correlation of COX-2 and Ep-CAM overexpression in human invasive breast cancer and its impact on survival. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:574-8. [PMID: 12592372 PMCID: PMC2377167 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) overexpression in various human malignancies, especially in breast cancer, where COX-2 turned out to be a predictor of poor survival. To evaluate the relation of COX-2 and Ep-CAM overexpression and its prognostic significance, we performed a retrospective study on 212 breast cancer patients with a median follow-up time of 10.5 years. Overexpression of COX-2 in tumour tissue samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry. COX-2 overexpression was found in 48.6% of the tumour samples and was predictive for poor disease-free and overall survival. Univariate analysis revealed a strong correlation between COX-2 and Ep-CAM overexpression (P=0.009). Concurrent COX-2 and Ep-CAM overexpression was present in 21.7% of tumour specimens and had an additive negative impact on disease-free and overall survival. Determination of both tumour markers should help in guiding new therapeutic strategies in patients with invasive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Spizzo
- Division of Haematology & Oncology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Gastl
- Division of Haematology & Oncology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Wolf
- Division of Haematology & Oncology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Gunsilius
- Division of Haematology & Oncology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Steurer
- Division of Haematology & Oncology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Fong
- Department of Pathology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Amberger
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Margreiter
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Obrist
- Department of Pathology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Müllerstrasse, 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chan JHM, Tsui EYK, Peh WCG, Fong D, Fok KF, Leung KM, Yuen MK, Fung KKL. Diffuse axonal injury: detection of changes in anisotropy of water diffusion by diffusion-weighted imaging. Neuroradiology 2003; 45:34-8. [PMID: 12525952 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-002-0891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Myelinated axons of white matter demonstrate prominent directional differences in water diffusion. We performed diffusion-weighted imaging on ten patients with head injury to explore the feasibility of using water diffusion anisotropy for quantitating diffuse axonal injury. We showed significant decrease in diffusion anisotropy indices in areas with or without signal abnormality on T2 and T2*-weighted images. We conclude that the water diffusion anisotropy index a potentially useful, sensitive and quantitative way of diagnosing and assessing patients with diffuse axonal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H M Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tsing Chung Koon Road, Tuen Mun, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tsui EYK, Ng SH, Chow L, Lai KF, Fong D, Chan JHM. Syphilitic myelitis with diffuse spinal cord abnormality on MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2002; 12:2973-6. [PMID: 12439578 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-001-1244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2001] [Accepted: 10/25/2001] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Syphilitic myelitis is a very rare manifestation of neurosyphilis. The MRI appearance of syphilitic myelitis is not well documented and only a few cases have been reported. We present a 52-year-old woman with acute onset of paraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed diffuse high signal intensity in the whole spinal cord on T2-weighted images. Focal enhancement was observed in the dorsal aspect of the thoracic cord on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced images. To our knowledge, diffuse spinal cord abnormality in syphilitic myelitis has not been reported in the international literature. Disappearance of the diffuse high-signal lesions with residual focal enhancement was noted after antibiotic therapy. The patient suffered significant neurological deficit despite improvement in the MR images. In this article we present the imaging findings and review the literature of this rare condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y K Tsui
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chan JHM, Tsui EYK, Chan CY, Lai KF, Chau LF, Fong D, Mok CK, Cheung YK, Wong KPC, Yuen MK. Digital subtraction in gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the brain: a method to reduce contrast dosage. Eur Radiol 2002; 12:2317-21. [PMID: 12195488 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-001-1285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2001] [Revised: 11/15/2001] [Accepted: 11/22/2001] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using digital subtraction in contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the brain to reduce the MR contrast dosage without jeopardizing patient care. Fifty-two patients with intracranial lesions, either intra-axial or extra-axial, detected by computerized tomography were selected for contrast-enhanced MR imaging with half-dose and full-dose of gadopentetate dimeglumine. The half-dose unsubtracted, full-dose unsubtracted, and half-dose subtracted MR images were visually assessed by counting the number of enhancing brain lesions in the images and quantitatively analyzed by computing their lesion contrast-to-background ratios (CBR). The visual conspicuity of the half-dose subtracted MR images was comparable to that of the full-dose unsubtracted MR images ( p>0.05), whereas the CBR of the half-dose subtracted images was approximately two to three times higher than that of the full-dose unsubtracted images. The half-dose subtracted T1-weighted spin-echo images might be able to replace the conventional standard-dose T1-weighted spin-echo images in MR imaging of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H M Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tsing Chung Koon Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Cerebral abscess may sometimes mimic necrotic tumor and cystic metastases both clinically and radiologically. The imaging findings may be indistinguishable on conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Although recent studies have shown that cerebral abscess displays restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), it is not pathognomic. Necrotic tumor and cystic metastases may occasionally have restricted diffusion on DWI. Since the urgency of surgical intervention and approach of surgery is different, MR Spectroscopy may be used in conjunction with DWI in establishing the correct diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y K Tsui
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, NT, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leakage at the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis remains a common and serious complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Over the past decade, various measures directed towards prevention of pancreatic leakage have been studied. This article reviews the available data on the efficacy of these measures. DATA SOURCES The Medline database from 1990 to 2000 was searched for studies on the prevention of pancreatic anastomotic leakage, and the bibliographies of the articles were reviewed for additional references. RESULTS A meta-analysis of the results of prophylactic octreotide in preventing pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy from data available in three randomized controlled studies yielded an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.84). Pending further trials to clarify its role, the routine use of octreotide in pancreaticoduodenectomy cannot be recommended. Retrospective or nonrandomized prospective studies suggested that technical modifications such as duct-to-mucosa anastomosis, pancreaticogastrostomy and external pancreatic duct stenting may reduce the leakage rate, but there is a paucity of randomized trials. A randomized trial comparing pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy did not reveal a significant difference in the leakage rate. CONCLUSIONS Further randomized controlled studies are required to determine the optimum technique of pancreaticoenteric anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Tung Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Study of Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Robinson W, DiGennaro C, Hueber W, Fong D, Haab B, Hirshberg D, Muller S, Pruijn GJ, van Venrooij WJ, Smolen JS, Brown PO, Steinman L, Utz PJ. Protein microarray characterization of the autoantibody response in systemic lupus erythematosus and related diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2001. [PMCID: PMC3273297 DOI: 10.1186/ar152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
47
|
Tsui EY, Chan JH, Ramsey RG, Leung TW, Cheung YK, Luk SH, Lai KF, Wong KP, Fong D, Yuen MK. Late temporal lobe necrosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: evaluation with combined multi-section diffusion weighted and perfusion weighted MR imaging. Eur J Radiol 2001; 39:133-8. [PMID: 11566238 DOI: 10.1016/s0720-048x(01)00328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Late temporal lobe necrosis is a well-known and serious complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) following radiotherapy. Owing to the close proximity to the skull base, the medial temporal lobes are inevitably included in the target volume of irradiation. Patients with NPC provide a unique opportunity in study of delay radiation effect in normal human brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate late temporal lobe radiation injury by combined multi-section diffusion weighted and perfusion weighted MR imaging. We prospectively studied 16 patients with typical clinical symptoms of late temporal lobe necrosis or other abnormalities in the temporal lobes incidentally detected by conventional MR imaging. All patients had a previous history of radiotherapy for histologically proven NPC. Conventional T1- and T2-weighted images, fast gradient echo with echo-planar diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MR imaging were performed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) map were computed via commercially available software. MR diffusion and perfusion images were then analyzed and graded by two independent observers with focusing on the diffusion and perfusion mismatch. The temporal lobe lesions displayed marked high diffusion on the ADC map. The rCBV map also revealed marked hypoperfusion in these temporal lobe lesions in all patients. The areas of abnormality on the rCBV map were significantly larger than the lesions on the ADC map in 14 patients (observer 1) and 13 patients (observer 2). Since late temporal lobe necrosis is probably caused by damage of the endothelium of vessels and ischemia, perfusion and diffusion mismatch might imply injured tissue but potentially salvageable brain tissue. A mismatch may be potentially used to predict the response to treatment in-patients with late temporal lobe necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Tsui
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, NT, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Tsui EY, Ng SH, Cheung YK, Fong D, Yuen MK. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension with diffuse dural enhancement of the spinal canal and transient enlargement of the pituitary gland. Eur J Radiol 2001; 38:59-63. [PMID: 11287167 DOI: 10.1016/s0720-048x(01)00288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rare phenomenon characterized by postural headache, neck rigidity, nausea and vomiting. Imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is characteristic with diffuse intracranial pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement following intravenous gadolinium. We present a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension with two unusual imaging findings; pachymeningeal enhancement of the spinal canal and enlargement of the pituitary gland in addition to the diffuse intracranial pachymeningeal enhancement. In this case report, we will discuss the clinical features, MRI findings and underlying pathophysiology of this rare condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Tsui
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, NT, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chan MM, Mattiacci JA, Hwang HS, Shah A, Fong D. Synergy between ethanol and grape polyphenols, quercetin, and resveratrol, in the inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:1539-48. [PMID: 11020457 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis and tumor initiation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the damage of vascular walls and DNA, respectively. Moderate consumption of red wine has been ascribed as a preventive for coronary heart disease; however, there has been much debate over whether the beneficial effect is from grape polyphenolic components or ethanol. We studied the interaction of grape compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages, mediators of blood vessel damage in atherosclerosis. For the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma led to expression of the iNOS gene and production of NO. The polyphenols quercetin and resveratrol at a micromolar range suppressed iNOS gene expression and NO production, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nitrite assay. The polyphenols were also found to be scavengers of NO in an acellular system using sodium nitroprusside under physiological conditions. Ethanol, at a moderate level, did not produce any appreciable level of reduction of iNOS or NO activity. However, its presence at 0.1 to 0.75% enhanced the effect of grape polyphenols concentration-dependently. Thus, the interaction between these components plays a significant role in the health effects of red wine, especially with respect to their effect on the NO pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|