1
|
Wijewardhane N, Denniss AR, Uppington M, Hauser H, Gorochowski TE, Piddini E, Hauert S. Long-term imaging and spatio-temporal control of living cells using targeted light based on closed-loop feedback. JOURNAL OF MICRO-BIO ROBOTICS 2024; 20:2. [PMID: 38616892 PMCID: PMC11009755 DOI: 10.1007/s12213-024-00165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The ability to optically interact with cells on both an individual and collective level has applications from wound healing to cancer treatment. Building systems that can facilitate both localised light illumination and visualisation of cells can, however, be challenging and costly. This work takes the Dynamic Optical MicroEnvironment (DOME), an existing platform for the closed-loop optical control of microscale agents, and adapts the design to support live-cell imaging. Through modifications made to the imaging and projection systems within the DOME, a significantly higher resolution, alternative imaging channels and the ability to customise light wavelengths are achieved (Bio-DOME). This is accompanied by an interactive calibration procedure that is robust to changes in the hardware configuration and provides fluorescence imaging (Fluoro-DOME). These alterations to the fundamental design allow for long-term use of the DOME in an environment of higher temperature and humidity. Thus, long-term imaging of living cells in a wound, with closed-loop control of real-time frontier illumination via projected light patterns, is facilitated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12213-024-00165-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neshika Wijewardhane
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Digital Health and Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Rubio Denniss
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, University of West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Uppington
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, University of West of England, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Doctoral Training in FARSCOPE, University of Bristol, University of West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Helmut Hauser
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Doctoral Training in FARSCOPE, University of Bristol, University of West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas E. Gorochowski
- School of Biological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sabine Hauert
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, University of West of England, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stoddart PR, Begeng JM, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Kameneva T. Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360870. [PMID: 38572073 PMCID: PMC10987880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision. The ideal prosthetic solution would be less invasive, provide single-cell resolution and an ability to differentiate between different cell types. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches can address some of these requirements, with particular attention being directed at light-sensitive nanoparticles that can be accessed via the intrinsic optics of the eye. Here we survey the available known nanoparticle-based optical transduction mechanisms that can be exploited for neuromodulation. We review the rapid progress in the field, together with outstanding challenges that must be addressed to translate these techniques to clinical practice. In particular, successful translation will likely require efficient delivery of nanoparticles to stable and precisely defined locations in the retinal tissues. Therefore, we also emphasize the current literature relating to the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the eye. While considerable challenges remain to be overcome, progress to date shows great potential for nanoparticle-based interfaces to revolutionize the field of visual prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DuBois DW, Murchison DA, Mahnke AH, Bang E, Winzer-Serhan U, Griffith WH, Souza KA. Maintenance of optogenetic channel rhodopsin (ChR2) function in aging mice: Implications for pharmacological studies of inhibitory synaptic transmission, quantal content, and calcium homeostasis. Neuropharmacology 2023:109651. [PMID: 37414332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of synaptic function is believed to represent a common pathway contributing to cognitive decline during aging. Optogenetics is a prodigious tool for studying relationships between function and synaptic circuitry but models utilizing viral vectors present limitations. Careful characterization of the functionality of channel rhodopsin in transgenic models is crucial for determining whether they can be used across aging. This includes verifying the light sensitivity of the protein and confirming its ability to generate action potentials in response to light stimulation. We combined in vitro optogenetic methodology and a reduced synaptic preparation of acutely isolated neurons to determine if the ChR2(H134R)-eYFP vGAT mouse model is well-suited for aging studies. We used neurons from young (2-6 mo), middle-aged (10-14 mo) and aged (17-25 mo) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse line with stable expression of the channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) variant H134R in GABAergic cell populations. Cellular physiology and calcium dynamics were assessed in basal forebrain (BF) neurons using patch-clamp recording and fura-2 microfluorimetry, alongside 470 nm light stimulation of the transgenic ChR2 channel to characterize a wide array of physiological functions known to decline with age. We found ChR2 expression is functionally maintained across aging, while spontaneous and optically evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents, and quantal content were decreased. Aged mice also showed an increase in intracellular calcium buffering. These results, which are on par with previous observations, demonstrate that the optogenetic vGAT BAC mouse model is well-suited for investigating age-related changes in calcium signaling and synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin W DuBois
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - David A Murchison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Eunyoung Bang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ursula Winzer-Serhan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - William H Griffith
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Karienn A Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HJ, Sritandi W, Xiong Z, Ho JS. Bioelectronic devices for light-based diagnostics and therapies. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011304. [PMID: 38505817 PMCID: PMC10903427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Light has broad applications in medicine as a tool for diagnosis and therapy. Recent advances in optical technology and bioelectronics have opened opportunities for wearable, ingestible, and implantable devices that use light to continuously monitor health and precisely treat diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development and application of light-based bioelectronic devices. We summarize the key features of the technologies underlying these devices, including light sources, light detectors, energy storage and harvesting, and wireless power and communications. We investigate the current state of bioelectronic devices for the continuous measurement of health and on-demand delivery of therapy. Finally, we highlight major challenges and opportunities associated with light-based bioelectronic devices and discuss their promise for enabling digital forms of health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weni Sritandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John S. Ho
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borges FS, Gabrick EC, Protachevicz PR, Higa GSV, Lameu EL, Rodriguez PXR, Ferraz MSA, Szezech JD, Batista AM, Kihara AH. Intermittency properties in a temporal lobe epilepsy model. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 139:109072. [PMID: 36652897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal synchronization is important for communication between brain regions and plays a key role in learning. However, changes in connectivity can lead to hyper-synchronized states related to epileptic seizures that occur intermittently with asynchronous states. The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) is related to synaptic alterations which can lead to epilepsy. Induction of status epilepticus in rodent models causes the appearance of intense ARC immunoreactive neurons (IAINs), which present a higher number of connections and conductance intensity than non-IAINs. This alteration might contribute to abnormal epileptic seizure activity. In this work, we investigated how IAINs connectivity influences the firing pattern and synchronization in neural networks. Firstly, we showed the appearance of synchronized burst patterns due to the emergence of IAINs. Second, we described how the increase of IAINs connectivity favors the appearance of intermittent up and down activities associated with synchronous bursts and asynchronous spikes, respectively. Once the intermittent activity was properly characterized, we applied the optogenetics control of the high synchronous activities in the intermittent regime. To do this, we considered that 1% of neurons were transfected and became photosensitive. We observed that optogenetics methods to control synchronized burst patterns are effective when IAINs are chosen as photosensitive, but not effective in non-IAINs. Therefore, our analyses suggest that IAINs play a pivotal role in both the generation and suppression of highly synchronized activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F S Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| | - E C Gabrick
- Graduate in Science Program - Physics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - P R Protachevicz
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G S V Higa
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E L Lameu
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - P X R Rodriguez
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M S A Ferraz
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - J D Szezech
- Graduate in Science Program - Physics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A M Batista
- Graduate in Science Program - Physics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil; Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A H Kihara
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omidi M, Zibaii MI, Granpayeh N. Simulation of nerve fiber based on anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19356. [PMID: 36369256 PMCID: PMC9652394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light and optical techniques are widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases as advanced methods. Understanding the optical properties of nervous tissue and nerve cells is vital. Using light sources in these methods raises significant challenges, such as finding the place of light transmission in nerve fibers that could be an appropriate substrate for neural signaling. The myelinated axons are a promising candidate for transmitting neural signals and light due to their waveguide structures. On the other hand, with the emergence of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and disorders within the production and transmission of nerve signals, because of the demyelination, understanding the properties of the myelinated axon as a waveguide is obtaining additional necessity. The present study aims to show that the myelinated axon's refractive index (RI) profile plays an essential role in transmitting the beams in it. According to the nerve fiber, RI profile and its similarity to depressed core fiber with lower RI of the core compared to the cladding, the behaviors of the nerve fiber based on anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide structure are investigated by taking into account the realistic optical imperfections. Light launching to the myelin sheath and axon is shown by introducing the axon and myelin sheath as a waveguide in the presence of both axon and myelin with bends, myelin sheath variation, and node of Ranvier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Omidi
- grid.411976.c0000 0004 0369 2065Center of Excellence in Electromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ismail Zibaii
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosrat Granpayeh
- grid.411976.c0000 0004 0369 2065Center of Excellence in Electromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji X, Liu W, Xiao H, Xiao Z. The activated synaptic terminals beyond the light illumination range affect the results of optogenetics. Neuroreport 2022; 33:281-290. [PMID: 35594445 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optogenetics is widely applied to study complex brain networks. However, recent studies have found that light alone can produce effects that are unrelated to optogenetics, and it is still unclear whether this can affect the results of optogenetic experiments. METHODS We explored the characteristics of projection of interneurons to excitatory neurons in the auditory cortex with optogenetics, transgenic mice and patch-clamp recording. RESULTS We discovered that postsynaptic responses can be induced when we stimulated a blank area adjacent to the edge of brain slice. Similar results can be observed after blocking the polysynaptic responses by drugs. Together with the results of control experiments, we found that the false response is caused by activating the synaptic terminals beyond the range of the blue light (470 nm). Also, there was a linear relationship between the response and the stimulus distance for all data, which suggested that these false responses may be related to other factors, such as light scattering. CONCLUSIONS The LED-light-evoked response cannot reflect microcircuit of the recorded neuron and the activated neurons within the illumination range accurately. Together, these results confirm that light alone can affect neural activity, but this can be unrelated to the genuine 'optogenetic effect'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Wenhui Liu
- The General Family Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Haoran Xiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
- The General Family Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhongju Xiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
- The General Family Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schmieder F, Habibey R, Striebel J, Büttner L, Czarske J, Busskamp V. Tracking connectivity maps in human stem cell-derived neuronal networks by holographic optogenetics. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101268. [PMID: 35418473 PMCID: PMC9008225 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Holographic optogenetic stimulation of human iPSC–derived neuronal networks was exploited to map precise functional connectivity motifs and their long-term dynamics during network development. Neuronal networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells have been exploited widely for modeling neuronal circuits, neurological diseases, and drug screening. As these networks require extended culturing periods to functionally mature in vitro, most studies are based on immature networks. To obtain insights on long-term functional features, we improved a glia–neuron co-culture protocol within multi-electrode arrays, facilitating continuous assessment of electrical features in weekly intervals. By full-field optogenetic stimulation, we detected an earlier onset of neuronal firing and burst activity compared with spontaneous activity. Full-field stimulation enhanced the number of active neurons and their firing rates. Compared with full-field stimulation, which evoked synchronized activity across all neurons, holographic stimulation of individual neurons resulted in local activity. Single-cell holographic stimulation facilitated to trace propagating evoked activities of 400 individually stimulated neurons per multi-electrode array. Thereby, we revealed precise functional neuronal connectivity motifs. Holographic stimulation data over time showed increasing connection numbers and strength with culture age. This holographic stimulation setup has the potential to establish a profound functional testbed for in-depth analysis of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmieder
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Büttner
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany .,Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Applied Physics, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Modeling optical design parameters for fine stimulation in sciatic nerve of optogenetic mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22588. [PMID: 34799602 PMCID: PMC8605010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics presents an alternative method for interfacing with the nervous system over the gold-standard of electrical stimulation. While electrical stimulation requires electrodes to be surgically embedded in tissue for in vivo studies, optical stimulation offers a less-invasive approach that may yield more specific, localized stimulation. The advent of optogenetic laboratory animals-whose motor neurons can be activated when illuminated with blue light-enables research into refining optical stimulation of the mammalian nervous system where subsets of nerve fibers within a nerve may be stimulated without embedding any device directly into the nerve itself. However, optical stimulation has a major drawback in that light is readily scattered and absorbed in tissue thereby limiting the depth with which a single emission source can penetrate. We hypothesize that the use of multiple, focused light emissions deployed around the circumference of a nerve can overcome these light-scattering limitations. To understand the physical parameters necessary to produce pinpointed light stimulation within a single nerve, we employed a simplified Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the size of nerves where this technique may be successful, as well as the necessary optical lens design for emitters to be used during future in vivo studies. By modeling multiple focused beams, we find that only fascicles within a nerve diameter less than 1 mm are fully accessible to focused optical stimulation; a minimum of 4 light sources is required to generate a photon intensity at a point in a nerve over the initial contact along its surface. To elicit the same effect in larger nerves, focusing lenses would require a numerical aperture [Formula: see text]. These simulations inform on the design of instrumentation capable of stimulating disparate motor neurons in mouse sciatic nerve to control hindlimb movement.
Collapse
|
10
|
Keshmiri Neghab H, Soheilifar MH, Grusch M, Ortega MM, Esmaeeli Djavid G, Saboury AA, Goliaei B. The state of the art of biomedical applications of optogenetics. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:202-216. [PMID: 34363230 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Optogenetics has opened new insights into biomedical research with the ability to manipulate and control cellular activity using light in combination with genetically engineered photosensitive proteins. By stimulating with light, this method provides high spatiotemporal and high specificity resolution, which is in contrast to conventional pharmacological or electrical stimulation. Optogenetics was initially introduced to control neural activities but was gradually extended to other biomedical fields. STUDY DESIGN In this paper, firstly, we summarize the current optogenetic tools stimulated by different light sources, including lasers, light-emitting diodes, and laser diodes. Second, we outline the variety of biomedical applications of optogenetics not only for neuronal circuits but also for various kinds of cells and tissues from cardiomyocytes to ganglion cells. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of this technique for treating neurological disorders, cardiac arrhythmia, visual impairment, hearing loss, and urinary bladder diseases as well as clarify the mechanisms underlying cancer progression and control of stem cell differentiation. CONCLUSION We sought to summarize the various types of promising applications of optogenetics to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. It is conceivable to expect that optogenetics profits a growing number of patients suffering from a range of different diseases in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael Grusch
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Goliaei
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duchesne de Lamotte J, Perrier A, Martinat C, Nicoleau C. Emerging Opportunities in Human Pluripotent Stem-Cells Based Assays to Explore the Diversity of Botulinum Neurotoxins as Future Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7524. [PMID: 34299143 PMCID: PMC8308099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by Clostridium botulinum and are responsible for botulism, a fatal disorder of the nervous system mostly induced by food poisoning. Despite being one of the most potent families of poisonous substances, BoNTs are used for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications from cosmetic reduction of wrinkles to treatment of movement disorders. The increasing understanding of the biology of BoNTs and the availability of distinct toxin serotypes and subtypes offer the prospect of expanding the range of indications for these toxins. Engineering of BoNTs is considered to provide a new avenue for improving safety and clinical benefit from these neurotoxins. Robust, high-throughput, and cost-effective assays for BoNTs activity, yet highly relevant to the human physiology, have become indispensable for a successful translation of engineered BoNTs to the clinic. This review presents an emerging family of cell-based assays that take advantage of newly developed human pluripotent stem cells and neuronal function analyses technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Duchesne de Lamotte
- IPSEN Innovation, 91940 Les Ulis, France;
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Anselme Perrier
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: Mécanismes, Thérapies, Imagerie, CEA/CNRS UMR9199, Université Paris Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Optogenetic Control of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway During Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167050. [PMID: 34019868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics uses light-inducible protein-protein interactions to precisely control the timing, localization, and intensity of signaling activity. The precise spatial and temporal resolution of this emerging technology has proven extremely attractive to the study of embryonic development, a program faithfully replicated to form the same organism from a single cell. We have previously performed a comparative study for optogenetic activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, where we found that the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation-based optogenetic systems outperform the membrane-anchored dimerization systems in activating the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in live Xenopus embryos. Here, we determine if this engineering strategy can be generalized to other signaling pathways involving membrane-bound receptors. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), a membrane-bound coreceptor for the canonical Wnt pathway, triggers Wnt activity. Optogenetic activation of LRP6 leads to axis duplication in developing Xenopus embryos, indicating that the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation of the membrane-bound receptor could be a generalizable strategy for the construction of optogenetic systems.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Liu C, Wang R. Light Modulation of Brain and Development of Relevant Equipment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:29-41. [PMID: 32039856 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Light modulation plays an important role in understanding the pathology of brain disorders and improving brain function. Optogenetic techniques can activate or silence targeted neurons with high temporal and spatial accuracy and provide precise control, and have recently become a method for quick manipulation of genetically identified types of neurons. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is light therapy that utilizes non-ionizing light sources, including lasers, light emitting diodes, or broadband light. It provides a safe means of modulating brain activity without any irreversible damage and has established optimal treatment parameters in clinical practice. This manuscript reviews 1) how optogenetic approaches have been used to dissect neural circuits in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, and 2) how low level transcranial lasers and LED stimulation in humans improves brain activity patterns in these diseases. State-of-the-art brain machine interfaces that can record neural activity and stimulate neurons with light have good prospects in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Optical manipulation is a powerful way to control neural activity in vitro and in vivo with millisecond precision. Patterning of light provides the remarkable ability to simultaneously target spatially segregated neurons from a population. Commercially available projectors provide one of the simplest and most economical ways of achieving spatial light modulation at millisecond timescales. Here, we describe the protocol for constructing a projector-based spatio-temporal light patterning system integrated with a microscope on a typical electrophysiology rig. The set-up is well suited for applications requiring rapid, distinct, and combinatorial inputs, akin to brain activity. This equipment involved is fairly economical (<$5000 including all optical and mechanical components), and the set-up is easy to assemble and program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Bhatia
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sahil Moza
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Upinder S Bhalla
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iwasa SN, Shi HH, Hong SH, Chen T, Marquez-Chin M, Iorio-Morin C, Kalia SK, Popovic MR, Naguib HE, Morshead CM. Novel Electrode Designs for Neurostimulation in Regenerative Medicine: Activation of Stem Cells. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:348-361. [PMID: 34471854 PMCID: PMC8370381 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (i.e., neural precursors) are found within specific regions in the central nervous system and have great regenerative capacity. These cells are electrosensitive and their behavior can be regulated by the presence of electric fields (EFs). Electrical stimulation is currently used to treat neurological disorders in a clinical setting. Herein we propose that electrical stimulation can be used to enhance neural repair by regulating neural precursor cell (NPC) kinetics and promoting their migration to sites of injury or disease. We discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect NPC migration in the presence of an EF and how this impacts electrode design with the goal of enhancing tissue regeneration. We conclude with an outlook on future clinical applications of electrical stimulation and highlight technological advances that would greatly support these applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Iwasa
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - HaoTian H Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sung Hwa Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa Marquez-Chin
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian Iorio-Morin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Primary motor cortex in Parkinson's disease: Functional changes and opportunities for neurostimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105159. [PMID: 33152506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement abnormalities of Parkinson's disease (PD) arise from disordered neural activity in multiple interconnected brain structures. The planning and execution of movement requires recruitment of a heterogeneous collection of pyramidal projection neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1). The neural representations of movement in M1 single-cell and field potential recordings are directly and indirectly influenced by the midbrain dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in PD. This review examines M1 functional alterations in PD as uncovered by electrophysiological recordings and neurostimulation studies in patients and experimental animal models. Dysfunction of the parkinsonian M1 depends on the severity and/or duration of dopamine-depletion and the species examined, and is expressed as alterations in movement-related firing dynamics; functional reorganisation of local circuits; and changes in field potential beta oscillations. Neurostimulation methods that modulate M1 activity directly (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) or indirectly (subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation) improve motor function in PD patients, showing that targeted neuromodulation of M1 is a realistic therapy. We argue that the therapeutic profile of M1 neurostimulation is likely to be greatly enhanced with alternative technologies that permit cell-type specific control and incorporate feedback from electrophysiological biomarkers measured locally.
Collapse
|
17
|
Optical Waveguides and Integrated Optical Devices for Medical Diagnosis, Health Monitoring and Light Therapies. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143981. [PMID: 32709072 PMCID: PMC7411870 DOI: 10.3390/s20143981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical waveguides and integrated optical devices are promising solutions for many applications, such as medical diagnosis, health monitoring and light therapies. Despite the many existing reviews focusing on the materials that these devices are made from, a systematic review that relates these devices to the various materials, fabrication processes, sensing methods and medical applications is still seldom seen. This work is intended to link these multidisciplinary fields, and to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances of these devices. Firstly, the optical and mechanical properties of optical waveguides based on glass, polymers and heterogeneous materials and fabricated via various processes are thoroughly discussed, together with their applications for medical purposes. Then, the fabrication processes and medical implementations of integrated passive and active optical devices with sensing modules are introduced, which can be used in many medical fields such as drug delivery and cardiovascular healthcare. Thirdly, wearable optical sensing devices based on light sensing methods such as colorimetry, fluorescence and luminescence are discussed. Additionally, the wearable optical devices for light therapies are introduced. The review concludes with a comprehensive summary of these optical devices, in terms of their forms, materials, light sources and applications.
Collapse
|
18
|
Habibey R, Sharma K, Swiersy A, Busskamp V. Optogenetics for neural transplant manipulation and functional analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:343-349. [PMID: 32033753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) or NSC-derived neurons into the brain is a promising therapeutic approach to restore neuronal function. Rapid progress in the NSCs research field, particularly due to the exploitation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offers great potential and an unlimited source of stem cell-derived neural grafts. Studying the functional integration of these grafts into host brain tissues and their effects on each other have been boosted by the implementation of optogenetic technologies. Optogenetics provides high spatiotemporal functional manipulations of grafted or host neurons in parallel. This review aims to highlight the impact of optogenetics in neural stem cell transplantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kritika Sharma
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anka Swiersy
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany; Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Dep. of Ophthalmology, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wireless optogenetics protects against obesity via stimulation of non-canonical fat thermogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1730. [PMID: 32265443 PMCID: PMC7138828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stimuli and the subsequent activation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) potently stimulate adipose tissue thermogenesis and increase whole-body energy expenditure. However, systemic activation of the β3-AR pathway inevitably increases blood pressure, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and, thus, limits its application for the treatment of obesity. To activate fat thermogenesis under tight spatiotemporal control without external stimuli, here, we report an implantable wireless optogenetic device that bypasses the β-AR pathway and triggers Ca2+ cycling selectively in adipocytes. The wireless optogenetics stimulation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue potently activates Ca2+ cycling fat thermogenesis and increases whole-body energy expenditure without cold stimuli. Significantly, the light-induced fat thermogenesis was sufficient to protect mice from diet-induced body-weight gain. The present study provides the first proof-of-concept that fat-specific cold mimetics via activating non-canonical thermogenesis protect against obesity. Cardiovascular risks of cold exposure and the subsequent activation of the β3-AR pathway limit the application of beige fat thermogenesis for the treatment of obesity. Here, the authors show that optogenetics light-activated Ca2+ cycling in adipocytes triggers a fat-specific “cold-mimetic” thermogenesis response protecting mice against diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to manipulate attention, impulsivity and behavioural flexibility in rodents. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:560-568. [PMID: 30169376 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies manipulating neural activity acutely with optogenetic or chemogenetic intervention in behaving rodents have increased considerably in recent years. More often, these circuit-level neural manipulations are tested within an existing framework of behavioural testing that strives to model complex executive functions or symptomologies relevant to multidimensional psychiatric disorders in humans, such as attentional control deficits, impulsivity or behavioural (in)flexibility. This methods perspective argues in favour of carefully implementing these acute circuit-based approaches to better understand and model cognitive symptomologies or their similar isomorphic animal behaviours, which often arise and persist in overlapping brain circuitries. First, we offer some practical considerations for combining long-term, behavioural paradigms with optogenetic or chemogenetic interventions. Next, we examine how cell-type or projection-specific manipulations to the ascending neuromodulatory systems, local brain region or descending cortical glutamatergic projections influence aspects of cognitive control. For this, we primarily focus on the influence exerted on attentional and motor impulsivity performance in the (3-choice or) 5-choice serial reaction time task, and impulsive, risky or inflexible choice biases during alternative preference, reward discounting or reversal learning tasks.
Collapse
|
21
|
Farfán FD, Soto-Sánchez C, Pizá AG, Albarracín AL, Soletta JH, Lucianna FA, Fernández E. Comparative study of extracellular recording methods for analysis of afferent sensory information: Empirical modeling, data analysis and interpretation. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 320:116-127. [PMID: 30849435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological studies of sensorial systems often require the acquisition and processing of data extracted from their multiple components to evaluate how the neural information changes in relation to the environment changes. In this work, a comparative study about methodological aspects of two electrophysiological approaches is described. NEW METHOD Extracellular recordings from deep vibrissal nerves were obtained by using a customized microelectrode Utah array during passive mechanical stimulation of rat´s whiskers. These recordings were compared with those obtained with bipolar electrodes. We also propose here a simplified empirical model of the electrophysiological activity obtained from a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers. RESULTS The peripheral activity of the vibrissal system was characterized through the temporal and spectral features obtained with both recording methods. The empirical model not only allows the correlation between anatomical structures and functional features, but also allows to predict changes in the CAPs morphology when the arrangement and the geometry of the electrodes changes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) This study compares two extracellular recording methods based on analysis techniques, empirical modeling and data processing of vibrissal sensory information. CONCLUSIONS This comparative study reveals a close relationship between the electrophysiological techniques and the processing methods necessary to extract sensory information. This relationship is the result of maximizing the extraction of information from recordings of sensory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F D Farfán
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - C Soto-Sánchez
- Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Alicante, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - A G Pizá
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - A L Albarracín
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - J H Soletta
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - F A Lucianna
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - E Fernández
- Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Alicante, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tu CH, Yi HP, Hsieh SY, Lin HS, Yang CS. Overexpression of Different Types of Microbial Rhodopsins with a Highly Expressible Bacteriorhodopsin from Haloarcula marismortui as a Single Protein in E. coli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14026. [PMID: 30232361 PMCID: PMC6145879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins (M-Rho) are found in Archaea, Bacteria and some species of Eukarya and serve as light-driven ion pumps or mediate phototaxis responses in various biological systems. We previously reported an expression system using a highly expressible mutant, D94N-HmBRI (HEBR) from Haloarcula marismortui, as a leading tag to assist in the expression of membrane proteins that were otherwise difficult to express in E. coli. In this study, we show a universal strategy for the expression of two M-Rho proteins, either the same or different types, as one fusion protein with the HEBR system. One extra transmembrane domain was engineered to the C-terminal of HEBR to express another target M-Rho. The average expression yield in this new system reached a minimum of 2 mg/L culture, and the maximum absorbance of the target M-Rho remained unaltered in the fusion forms. The fusion protein showed a combined absorbance spectrum of a lone HEBR and target M-Rho. The function of the target M-Rho was not affected after examination with functional tests, including the photocycle and proton pumping activity of fusion proteins. In addition, an otherwise unstable sensory rhodopsin, HmSRM, showed the same or even improved stability under various temperatures, salt concentrations, and a wide range of pH conditions. This HEBR platform provides the possibility to construct multi-functional, stoichiometric and color-tuning fusion proteins using M-Rho from haloarchaea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Tu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10616, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ping Yi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10616, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10616, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Syuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10616, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shen Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10616, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jia Y, Khan W, Lee B, Fan B, Madi F, Weber A, Li W, Ghovanloo M. Wireless opto-electro neural interface for experiments with small freely behaving animals. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:046032. [PMID: 29799437 PMCID: PMC6091646 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aac810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have developed a wireless opto-electro interface (WOENI) device, which combines electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording and optical stimulation for bi-directional neuromodulation on small, freely behaving animals, such as rodents. APPROACH The device is comprised of two components, a detachable headstage and an implantable polyimide-based substrate. The headstage establishes a bluetooth low energy (BLE) bi-directional data communication with an external custom-designed USB dongle for receiving user commands and optogenetic stimulation patterns, and sending digitalized ECoG data. MAIN RESULTS The functionality and stability of the device were evaluated in vivo on freely behaving rats. When the animal received optical stimulation on the primary visual cortex (V1) and visual stimulation via eyes, spontaneous changes in ECoG signals were recorded from both left and right V1 during four consecutive experiments with 7 d intervals over a time span of 21 d following device implantation. Immunostained tissue analyses showed results consistent with ECoG analyses, validating the efficacy of optical stimulation to upregulate the activity of cortical neurons expressing ChR2. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed WOENI device is potentially a versatile tool in the studies that involve long-term optogenetic neuromodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Jia
- GT-Bionics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ngernsutivorakul T, White TS, Kennedy RT. Microfabricated Probes for Studying Brain Chemistry: A Review. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1128-1142. [PMID: 29405568 PMCID: PMC6996029 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probe techniques for monitoring in vivo chemistry (e.g., electrochemical sensors and microdialysis sampling probes) have significantly contributed to a better understanding of neurotransmission in correlation to behaviors and neurological disorders. Microfabrication allows construction of neural probes with high reproducibility, scalability, design flexibility, and multiplexed features. This technology has translated well into fabricating miniaturized neurochemical probes for electrochemical detection and sampling. Microfabricated electrochemical probes provide a better control of spatial resolution with multisite detection on a single compact platform. This development allows the observation of heterogeneity of neurochemical activity precisely within the brain region. Microfabricated sampling probes are starting to emerge that enable chemical measurements at high spatial resolution and potential for reducing tissue damage. Recent advancement in analytical methods also facilitates neurochemical monitoring at high temporal resolution. Furthermore, a positive feature of microfabricated probes is that they can be feasibly built with other sensing and stimulating platforms including optogenetics. Such integrated probes will empower researchers to precisely elucidate brain function and develop novel treatments for neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas S. White
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 3003E, NCRC Building 28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Leopold AV, Chernov KG, Verkhusha VV. Optogenetically controlled protein kinases for regulation of cellular signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2454-2484. [PMID: 29498733 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell differentiation, survival, migration, axon guidance and neuronal plasticity. A growing set of optogenetic tools, termed opto-kinases, allows activation and inhibition of different protein kinases with light. The optogenetic regulation enables fast, reversible and non-invasive manipulation of protein kinase activities, complementing traditional methods, such as treatment with growth factors, protein kinase inhibitors or chemical dimerizers. In this review, we summarize the properties of the existing optogenetic tools for controlling tyrosine kinases and serine-threonine kinases. We discuss how the opto-kinases can be applied for studies of spatial and temporal aspects of protein kinase signaling in cells and organisms. We compare approaches for chemical and optogenetic regulation of protein kinase activity and present guidelines for selection of opto-kinases and equipment to control them with light. We also describe strategies to engineer novel opto-kinases on the basis of various photoreceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kiełbus M, Czapiński J, Odrzywolski A, Stasiak G, Szymańska K, Kałafut J, Kos M, Giannopoulos K, Stepulak A, Rivero-Müller A. Optogenetics in cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:459-472. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1437138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Odrzywolski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stasiak
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Szymańska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Haematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Hematology, St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park CS, Ha TH, Kim M, Raja N, Yun HS, Sung MJ, Kwon OS, Yoon H, Lee CS. Fast and sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes for ALP detection and 3d printed calcium phosphate scaffold imaging in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:151-158. [PMID: 29412939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a critical biological marker for osteoblast activity during early osteoblast differentiation, but few biologically compatible methods are available for its detection. Here, we describe the discovery of highly sensitive and rapidly responsive novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes (NIR-Phos-1, NIR-Phos-2) for the fluorescent detection of ALP. ALP cleaves the phosphate group from the NIR skeleton and substantially alters its photophysical properties, therefore generating a large "turn-on" fluorescent signal resulted from the catalytic hydrolysis on fluorogenic moiety. Our assay quantified ALP activity from 0 to 1.0UmL-1 with a 10-5-10-3UmL-1 limit of detection (LOD), showing a response rate completed within 1.5min. A potentially powerful approach to probe ALP activity in biological systems demonstrated real-time monitoring using both concentration- and time-dependent variations of endogenous ALP in live cells and animals. Based on high binding affinity to bone tissue of phosphate moiety, bone-like scaffold-based ALP detection in vivo was accessed using NIR probe-labeled three-dimensional (3D) calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffolds. They were subcutaneously implanted into mice and monitored ALP signal changes using a confocal imaging system. Our results suggest the possibility of early-stage ALP detection during neo-bone formation inside a bone defect, by in vivo fluorescent evaluation using 3D CDHA scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul Soon Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Ha
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Moonil Kim
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Naren Raja
- University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Powder and Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51508, South Korea
| | - Hui-Suk Yun
- University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Powder and Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51508, South Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Amrutha AS, Kumar KRS, Kikukawa T, Tamaoki N. Targeted Activation of Molecular Transportation by Visible Light. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12292-12301. [PMID: 29125732 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulated transportation of nanoscale objects with a high degree of spatiotemporal precision is a prerequisite for the development of targeted molecular delivery. In vitro integration of the kinesin-microtubule motor system with synthetic molecules offers opportunities to develop controllable molecular shuttles for lab-on-a-chip applications. We attempted a combination of the kinesin-microtubule motor system with push-pull type azobenzene tethered inhibitory peptides (azo-peptides) through which reversible, spatiotemporal control over the kinesin motor activity was achieved locally by a single, visible wavelength. The fast thermal relaxation of the cis-isomers of azo-peptides offered us quick and complete resetting of the trans-state in the dark, circumventing the requirement of two distinct wavelengths for two-way switching of kinesin-driven microtubule motility. Herein, we report the manipulation of selected, single microtubule movement while keeping other microtubules at complete rest. The photoresponsive inhibitors discussed herein would help in realizing complex bionanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammathnadu S Amrutha
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - K R Sunil Kumar
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim JZ, Soffer JM, Kahn AE, Vettel JM, Pasqualetti F, Bassett DS. Role of Graph Architecture in Controlling Dynamical Networks with Applications to Neural Systems. NATURE PHYSICS 2017; 14:91-98. [PMID: 29422941 PMCID: PMC5798649 DOI: 10.1038/nphys4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Networked systems display complex patterns of interactions between components. In physical networks, these interactions often occur along structural connections that link components in a hard-wired connection topology, supporting a variety of system-wide dynamical behaviors such as synchronization. While descriptions of these behaviors are important, they are only a first step towards understanding and harnessing the relationship between network topology and system behavior. Here, we use linear network control theory to derive accurate closed-form expressions that relate the connectivity of a subset of structural connections (those linking driver nodes to non-driver nodes) to the minimum energy required to control networked systems. To illustrate the utility of the mathematics, we apply this approach to high-resolution connectomes recently reconstructed from Drosophila, mouse, and human brains. We use these principles to suggest an advantage of the human brain in supporting diverse network dynamics with small energetic costs while remaining robust to perturbations, and to perform clinically accessible targeted manipulation of the brain's control performance by removing single edges in the network. Generally, our results ground the expectation of a control system's behavior in its network architecture, and directly inspire new directions in network analysis and design via distributed control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Jonathan M Soffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Ari E Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 and U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD 21001
| | - Jean M Vettel
- Human Research & Engineering Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD 21001, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao H. Recent Progress of Development of Optogenetic Implantable Neural Probes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081751. [PMID: 28800085 PMCID: PMC5578141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cell type-specific neuromodulation method, optogenetic technique holds remarkable potential for the realisation of advanced neuroprostheses. By genetically expressing light-sensitive proteins such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in cell membranes, targeted neurons could be controlled by light. This new neuromodulation technique could then be applied into extensive brain networks and be utilised to provide effective therapies for neurological disorders. However, the development of novel optogenetic implants is still a key challenge in the field. The major requirements include small device dimensions, suitable spatial resolution, high safety, and strong controllability. In this paper, I present a concise review of the significant progress that has been made towards achieving a miniaturised, multifunctional, intelligent optogenetic implant. I identify the key limitations of current technologies and discuss the possible opportunities for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubin Zhao
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krishnamurthy VV, Turgeon AJ, Khamo JS, Mondal P, Sharum SR, Mei W, Yang J, Zhang K. Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654043 DOI: 10.3791/55823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase activity is crucial for a plethora of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. During early embryonic development, kinase activity is highly dynamic and widespread across the embryo. Pharmacological and genetic approaches are commonly used to probe kinase activities. Unfortunately, it is challenging to achieve superior spatial and temporal resolution using these strategies. Furthermore, it is not feasible to control the kinase activity in a reversible fashion in live cells and multicellular organisms. Such a limitation remains a bottleneck for achieving a quantitative understanding of kinase activity during development and differentiation. This work presents an optogenetic strategy that takes advantage of a bicistronic system containing photoactivatable proteins Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and the N-terminal domain of cryptochrome-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix (CIBN). Reversible activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is achieved through light-mediated protein translocation in live cells. This approach can be applied to mammalian cell cultures and live vertebrate embryos. This bicistronic system can be generalized to control the activity of other kinases with similar activation mechanisms and can be applied to other model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora J Turgeon
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - John S Khamo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Payel Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Savanna R Sharum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ersen A, Sahin M. Polydimethylsiloxane-based optical waveguides for tetherless powering of floating microstimulators. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:55005. [PMID: 28500857 PMCID: PMC5997005 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.5.055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrodes and associated electronics are powered either through percutaneous wires or transcutaneous powering schemes with energy harvesting devices implanted underneath the skin. For electrodes implanted in the spinal cord and the brain stem that experience large displacements, wireless powering may be an option to eliminate device failure by the breakage of wires and the tethering of forces on the electrodes. We tested the feasibility of using optically clear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a waveguide to collect the light in a subcutaneous location and deliver to deeper regions inside the body, thereby replacing brittle metal wires tethered to the electrodes with PDMS-based optical waveguides that can transmit energy without being attached to the targeted electrode. We determined the attenuation of light along the PDMS waveguides as 0.36 ± 0.03 ?? dB / cm and the transcutaneous light collection efficiency of cylindrical waveguides as 44 % ± 11 % by transmitting a laser beam through the thenar skin of human hands. We then implanted the waveguides in rats for a month to demonstrate the feasibility of optical transmission. The collection efficiency and longitudinal attenuation values reported here can help others design their own waveguides and make estimations of the waveguide cross-sectional area required to deliver sufficient power to a certain depth in tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ersen
- New Jersey Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Mesut Sahin
- New Jersey Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Newark, New Jersey, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Mesut Sahin, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pendharkar AV, Levy SL, Ho AL, Sussman ES, Cheng MY, Steinberg GK. Optogenetic modulation in stroke recovery. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 40:E6. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.2.focus163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading contributors to morbidity, mortality, and health care costs in the United States. Although several preclinical strategies have shown promise in the laboratory, few have succeeded in the clinical setting. Optogenetics represents a promising molecular tool, which enables highly specific circuit-level neuromodulation. Here, the conceptual background and preclinical body of evidence for optogenetics are reviewed, and translational considerations in stroke recovery are discussed.
Collapse
|