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Tao R, Hu R, Gwenzi W, Ruppert H, Noubactep C, Alahmadi TA. Effects of common dissolved anions on the efficiency of Fe 0-based remediation systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120566. [PMID: 38520854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Quiescent batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the influences of Cl-, F-, HCO3-, HPO42-, and SO42- on the reactivity of metallic iron (Fe0) for water remediation using the methylene blue (MB) method. Strong discoloration of MB indicates high availability of solid iron corrosion products (FeCPs). Tap water was used as an operational reference. Experiments were carried out in graduated test tubes (22 mL) for up to 45 d, using 0.1 g of Fe0 and 0.5 g of sand. Operational parameters investigated were (i) equilibration time (0-45 d), (ii) 4 different types of Fe0, (iii) anion concentration (10 values), and (iv) use of MB and Orange II (O-II). The degree of dye discoloration, the pH, and the iron concentration were monitored in each system. Relative to the reference system, HCO3- enhanced the extent of MB discoloration, while Cl-, F-, HPO42-, and SO42- inhibited it. A different behavior was observed for O-II discoloration: in particular, HCO3- inhibited O-II discoloration. The increased MB discoloration in the HCO3- system was justified by considering the availability of FeCPs as contaminant scavengers, pH increase, and contact time. The addition of any other anion initially delays the availability of FeCPs. Conflicting results in the literature can be attributed to the use of inappropriate experimental conditions. The results indicate that the application of Fe0-based systems for water remediation is a highly site-specific issue which has to include the anion chemistry of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Science, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Alle 100, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany; Currently, Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Westgate, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Hans Ruppert
- Department of Sedimentology & Environmental Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Chicgoua Noubactep
- Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Banekane, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon; Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), University of Göttingen, Waldweg 26, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Li Y, Mao X, Chen C, Zhang L, Liu W, Wang X, He L, Xu T. Highly Selective Reduction of Nitrate by Zero-Valent Aluminum (ZVAI) Ball-Milled Materials at Circumneutral pH: Important Role of Microgalvanic Cells for Depassivation of ZVAl and N 2-Selectivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4568-4577. [PMID: 36848326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The passivation of zero-valent aluminum (ZVAl) limits its application in environmental remediation. Herein, a ternary composite material Al-Fe-AC is synthesized via a ball-milling treatment on a mixture of Al0, Fe0, and activated carbon (AC) powders. The results show that the as-prepared micronsized Al-Fe-AC powder could achieve highly efficient nitrate removal and a nitrogen (N2)-selectivity of >75%. The mechanism study reveals that, in the initial stage, numerous Al//AC and Fe//AC microgalvanic cells in the Al-Fe-AC material could lead to a local alkaline environment in the vicinity of the AC cathodes. The local alkalinity depassivated the Al0 component and enabled its continuous dissolution in the subsequent second stage of reaction. The functioning of the AC cathode of the Al//AC microgalvanic cell is revealed as the primary reason accounting for the highly selective reduction of nitrate. The investigation on the mass ratio of raw materials manifested that an Al/Fe/AC mass ratio of 1:1:5 or 1:3:5 was preferable. The test in simulated groundwater suggested that the as-prepared Al-Fe-AC powder could be injected into aquifers to achieve a highly selective reduction of nitrate to nitrogen. This study provides a feasible method to develop high-performance ZVAl-based remedial materials that could work in a wider pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chaoqi Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lieyu Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-3003, United States
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Patra S, Pranudta A, Chanlek N, Nguyen TT, Nhat NH, El-Moselhy MM, Padungthon S. Denitrification of nitrate in regeneration waste brine using hybrid cation exchanger supported nanoscale zero-valent iron with/without palladium nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136851. [PMID: 36244425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals require that reducing waste is a priority. This work described the application of an innovative zero-waste hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology that concurrently removed nitrate and induced denitrification to ammonia, with the ability to generate fertilizer for the agriculture sector from the recycled by-products. Herein, hybrid cation exchanger-supported zero-valent iron (Fe0), and bimetallic Fe0/Pd nanoparticles (HCIX-Fe0 and HCIX-Fe0/Pd) were synthesized and successfully validated for denitrification of nitrate in spent waste brine that contained nitrate. The kinetics of nitrate catalysis by both HCIX-Fe0 and HCIX-Fe0/Pd were compared and presented by six kinetic models, namely, zero-order, pseudo first- and second-order reaction, pseudo first- and second-order adsorption, and Elovich. HCIX-Fe0/Pd displayed a higher kinetic value than HCIX-Fe0, with k1 of 0.0019 and 0.0026 min-1, respectively. Nitrate was predominantly catalysed to NH4+ at a ratio of ammonia to other nitrogen compounds of around 80:20. Although HCIX-Fe0/Pd showed slightly better (14%) kinetic results, it was determined as unfavourable for real-life application due to low selectivity toward N2 gas and the need to use H2 gas. Based on practicability, the HCIX-Fe0 was further validated. The effect of salt (using NaCl) and the role of initial pH conditions were optimized and discussed. The recovery of nitrate removal was also calculated, and a recovery range of 91.42-99.14% was obtained for three consecutive runs. The sustainable, novel, zero waste hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology using the combination of two fixed-bed columns containing nitrate-selective resin for nitrate removal and novel HCIX-Fe0 for nitrate reduction to NH4+ may be a promising sustainable solution toward the goal of discharging zero nitrate waste to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Patra
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Antika Pranudta
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Trung Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Technology, Engineering, and Environment, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hong Nhat
- Faculty of Technology, Engineering, and Environment, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Surapol Padungthon
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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4
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Provision of Desalinated Irrigation Water by the Desalination of Groundwater Abstracted from a Saline Aquifer. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9070128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Globally, about 54 million ha of cropland are irrigated with saline water. Globally, the soils associated with about 1 billion ha are affected by salinization. A small decrease in irrigation water salinity (and soil salinity) can result in a disproportionally large increase in crop yield. This study uses a zero-valent iron desalination reactor to effect surface processing of ground water, obtained from an aquifer, to partially desalinate the water. The product water can be used for irrigation, or it can be reinjected into a saline aquifer, to dilute the aquifer water salinity (as part of an aquifer water quality management program), or it can be injected as low-salinity water into an aquifer to provide a recharge barrier to protect against seawater intrusion. The saline water used in this study is processed in a batch flow, bubble column, static bed, diffusion reactor train (0.24 m3), with a processing capacity of 1.7–1.9 m3 d−1 and a processing duration of 3 h. The reactor contained 0.4 kg Fe0. A total of 70 batches of saline water (average 6.9 g NaCl L−1; range: 2.66 to 30.5 g NaCl L−1) were processed sequentially using a single Fe0 charge, without loss of activity. The average desalination was 24.5%. The reactor used a catalytic pressure swing adsorption–desorption process. The trial results were analysed with respect to Na+ ion removal, Cl− ion removal, and the impact of adding trains. The reactor train was then repurposed, using n-Fe0 and emulsified m-Fe0, to establish the impact of reducing particle size on the amount of desalination, and the amount of n-Fe0 required to achieve a specific desalination level.
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5
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Chen Q, Liu C, Liu X, Sun D, Li P, Qiu B, Dang Y, Karpinski NA, Smith JA, Holmes DE. Magnetite enhances anaerobic digestion of high salinity organic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109884. [PMID: 32678736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of high salinity organic wastewater is a significant challenge because many microorganisms involved in the anaerobic digestion process cannot survive high osmotic pressures. In order to alleviate some of the stresses associated with the treatment of high salinity wastewater, two lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactors with or without magnetite (100 g/L) were used to treat high salinity organic wastewater. This study showed that the bioreactor amended with magnetite had higher chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies (90.2% ± 0.54% vs 73.1% ± 1.9%) and methane production rates (4082 ± 334 ml (standard temperature and atmospheric pressure, STP)/d vs 2640 ± 120 ml (STP)/d) than the non-amended control reactor. In addition, the consumption of volatile fatty acids (20.9 ± 3.4 mM vs 61.7 ± 2.0 mM) was accelerated. Microbial community analysis revealed that the addition of magnetite caused the enrichment of many bacterial genera known to form robust biofilms (i.e. Pseudomonas) that are also capable of extracellular electron transfer and methanogens from the genus Methanosarcina which have been shown to participate in direct interspecies electron transfer. These results show that magnetite addition could enhance the performance of anaerobic digesters treating high salinity wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengsong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Nicole A Karpinski
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT, 06050, United States
| | - Jessica A Smith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT, 06050, United States
| | - Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, 1215 Wilbraham Rd, Springfield, MA, 01119, United States
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6
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Kim MS, Piggott E, Zrinyi N, Lee C, Pham ALT. Reduction of chlorendic acid by zero-valent iron: Kinetics, products, and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121269. [PMID: 31585280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorendic acid (CA) is a recalcitrant groundwater contaminant for which an effective treatment technology does not currently exist. In this study, a series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the treatment of CA by zero-valent iron (ZVI) under various water chemistry conditions. It was observed that CA was removed by ZVI via both adsorption and degradation, with the degradation rate being proportional to the fraction of CA adsorbed onto ZVI. The rate of CA degradation decreased as pH increased, presumably due to the passivation of ZVI and diminishing CA adsorption. Chloride (Cl-) did not appreciably affect CA adsorption and degradation, while sulfate (SO42-) significantly inhibited both processes because SO42- competed with CA for ZVI adsorptive sites. The rate of CA degradation was significantly accelerated by ZVI-associated Fe(II). Nine byproducts of CA transformation were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The formation and subsequent degradation of these products revealed that the transformation of CA by ZVI occurred via a step-wise reductive dechlorination pathway. Overall, this study suggests that ZVI may be effective at remediating CA-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sik Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Emily Piggott
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Zrinyi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Anh Le-Tuan Pham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Zhang Y, Douglas GB, Kaksonen AH, Cui L, Ye Z. Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of zero-valent iron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1195-1203. [PMID: 30235605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of zero-valent iron (ZVI) was evaluated in anoxic shake flasks to assess the feasibility of ZVI-facilitated biological nitrate removal. Nitrate was completely reduced within 3days in the presence of both ZVI and microorganisms (ZVI-M). In contrast, only 75% of the nitrate was reduced in the presence of ZVI but without microbial inoculum. Nitrate removal was affected by ZVI-M flasks initial pH, nitrate concentration and ZVI dosage. Nitrate removal in the inoculated ZVI flasks system could be divided into two phases: adaptation phase and log phase which could be described by first-order kinetic equations. The analysis of bacterial communities in the inoculated flasks in the absence and presence of ZVI, indicated that the addition of ZVI increased the relative abundance of Methylotenera spp., Alcaligenes eutrophus, Pseudomonas spp. which might play an important role in nitrogen removal. The presence of ZVI could enhance biological denitrification through four mechanisms: the biological reduction of nitrate with 1) electrons derived directly from ZVI; 2) with hydrogen released from ZVI; 3) with Fe2+ released from ZVI; and 4) with acetate generated by homoacetogens which utilize H2 released from ZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Grant B Douglas
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Private Bag 5, Wembley, 6913, WA, Australia
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Private Bag 5, Wembley, 6913, WA, Australia
| | - Lili Cui
- Hebei Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Institute of Architectural Engineering, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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8
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Study of polyethyleneimine coating on membrane permselectivity and desalination performance during pilot-scale electrodialysis of reverse osmosis concentrate. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Wang W, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhu C, Pan F, Wu R, Wang C. Removal of multiple nitrosamines from aqueous solution by nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on granular activated carbon: Influencing factors and reaction mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:934-943. [PMID: 29929332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their significant absorption and reduction abilities, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)/granular activated carbon (GAC) composites are very effective for the degradation of organic contaminants and heavy metals. However, to date, there is no systematic study on the applicability of nZVI/GAC for the removal of multiple highly toxic nitrosamines from water supplies. For this study, nZVI/GAC was synthesized and applied to the degradation of multiple nitrosamines. The effects of initial nitrosamine concentration, composite dosage, contact duration, competition with coexistent elements, and reaction mechanisms during the nitrosamine removal process from aqueous solutions were investigated. Compared with bare nZVI and GAC, the removal rates of six nitrosamines via nZVI/GAC were initially very rapid. The highest removal ratios of the six nitrosamines were 76.1% (N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA), 84.7% (N-nitrosomethylethylamine, NMEA), 89.8% (N-nitrosodiethylamine, NDEA), 93.5% (N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, NDPA), 95.7% (N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine, NDBA), and 80.4% (N-nitrosomorpholine, NMor). The nitrosamine degradation kinetics data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order model (R22 > 0.99), the rate constant k2 for nitrosamine (200 ng/L) removal by nZVI/GAC increased in the order of NDBA (0.3675) > NDPA (0.0254) > NMEA (0.0109) > NDEA (0.0105) > NDMA (0.0101) > NMor (0.0077). In the presence of cations, anions, and humic acid (HA) the removal of the six nitrosamines was inhibited at each concentration. Furthermore, the removal ratios and K2 of the five linear nitrosamines by nZVI/GAC partially scaled with structure, LogKow, and Henry's constant, particularly between K2 and these properties (R2 > 0.80). The reaction mechanism revealed that nitrosamines were adsorbed by GAC and then reduced by Fe0, where the reductive products were primarily secondary amines, nitrate, and nitrite. This study serves to improve our understanding, and further characterizes the removal of multiple nitrosamines by nZVI/GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yanling Guo
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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10
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Lei C, Sun Y, Khan E, Chen SS, Tsang DCW, Graham NJD, Ok YS, Yang X, Lin D, Feng Y, Li XD. Removal of chlorinated organic solvents from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by bare and entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:9-17. [PMID: 29289850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing application of hydraulic fracturing, it is urgent to develop an effective and economically feasible method to treat the large volumes of fracturing wastewater. In this study, bare and entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) were introduced for the removal of carbon tetrachloride (CT) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA) in model high-salinity fracturing wastewater. With increasing ionic strength (I) from Day-1 (I = 0.35 M) to Day-90 (I = 4.10 M) wastewaters, bare nZVI presented significantly lower removal efficiency of CT (from 53.5% to 38.7%) and 1,1,2-TCA (from 71.1% to 21.7%) and underwent more serious Fe dissolution from 1.31 ± 1.19% in Day-1 to 5.79 ± 0.32% in Day-90 wastewater. Particle aggregation induced by high ionic strength was primarily responsible for the lowered performance of nZVI due to less available reactive sites on nZVI surface. The immobilization of nZVI in alginate with/without polyvinyl alcohol provided resistance to particle aggregation and contributed to the superior performance of entrapped nZVI in Day-90 wastewater for 1,1,2-TCA removal (62.6-72.3%), which also mitigated Fe dissolution (4.00-4.69%). Both adsorption (by polymer matrix) and reduction (by immobilized nZVI) were involved in the 1,1,2-TCA removal by entrapped nZVI. However, after 1-month immersion in synthetic fracturing wastewater, a marked drop in the reactivity of entrapped nZVI for 1,1,2-TCA removal from Day-90 wastewater was observed with significant release of Na and total organic carbon. In summary, bare nZVI was sensitive to the nature of the fracturing wastewater, while the use of environmentally benign entrapped nZVI was more promising for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lei
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, North Dakota State University, Dept 2470, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Sun Y, Lei C, Khan E, Chen SS, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Lin D, Feng Y, Li XD. Aging effects on chemical transformation and metal(loid) removal by entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron for hydraulic fracturing wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:498-507. [PMID: 28988085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was tested for structural evolution, chemical transformation, and metals/metalloids removal (Cu(II), Cr(VI), Zn(II), and As(V)) after 1-2month passivation in model saline wastewaters from hydraulic fracturing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed successful prevention of Fe0 corrosion by polymeric entrapment. Increasing ionic strength (I) from 0 to 4.10M (deionized water to Day-90 fracturing wastewater (FWW)) with prolonged aging time induced chemical instability of alginate due to dissociation of carboxyl groups and competition for hydrogen bonding with nZVI, which caused high Na (7.17%) and total organic carbon (24.6%) dissolution from PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI after 2-month immersion in Day-90 FWW. Compared to freshly-made beads, 2-month aging of PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI in Day-90 FWW promoted Cu(II) and Cr(VI) uptake in terms of the highest removal efficiency (84.2% and 70.8%), pseudo-second-order surface area-normalized rate coefficient ksa (2.09×10-1Lm-2h-1 and 1.84×10-1Lm-2h-1), and Fe dissolution after 8-h reaction (13.9% and 8.45%). However, the same conditions inhibited Zn(II) and As(V) sequestration in terms of the lowest removal efficiency (31.2% and 39.8%) by PVA-alginate nZVI and ksa (4.74×10-2Lm-2h-1 and 6.15×10-2Lm-2h-1) by alginate nZVI. The X-ray spectroscopic analysis and chemical speciation modelling demonstrated that the difference in metals/metalloids removal by entrapped nZVI after aging was attributed to distinctive removal mechanisms: (i) enhanced Cu(II) and Cr(VI) removal by nZVI reduction with accelerated electron transfer after pronounced dissolution of non-conductive polymeric immobilization matrix; (ii) suppressed Zn(II) and As(V) removal by nZVI adsorption due to restrained mass transfer after blockage of surface-active micropores. Entrapped nZVI was chemically fragile and should be properly stored and regularly replaced for good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Dept 2470, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Removal of Nitrate from Drinking Water by Ion-Exchange Followed by nZVI-Based Reduction and Electrooxidation of the Ammonia Product to N2(g). CHEMENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange (IX) is common for separating NO3− from drinking water. From both cost and environmental perspectives, the IX regeneration brine must be recycled, via nitrate reduction to N2(g). Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) reduces nitrate efficiently to ammonia, under brine conditions. However, to be sustainable, the formed ammonia should be oxidized. Accordingly, a new process was developed, comprising IX separation, nZVI-based nitrate removal from the IX regeneration brine, followed by indirect ammonia electro-oxidation. The aim was to convert nitrate to N2(g) while allowing repeated usage of the NaCl brine for multiple IX cycles. All process steps were experimentally examined and shown to be feasible: nitrate was efficiently separated using IX, which was subsequently regenerated with the treated/recovered NaCl brine. The nitrate released to the brine reacted with nZVI, generating ammonia and Fe(II). Fresh nZVI particles were reproduced from the resulting brine, which contained Fe(II), Na+, Cl− and ammonia. The ammonia in the nZVI production procedure filtrate was indirectly electro-oxidized to N2(g) at the inherent high Cl− concentration, which prepared the brine for the next IX regeneration cycle. The dominant reaction between nZVI and NO3− was described best (Wilcoxon test) by 4Fe(s) + 10H+ + NO3− → 4Fe2+ + NH4+ + 3H2O, and proceeded at >5 mmol·L−1·min−1 at room temperature and 3 < pH < 5.
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Wang Z, Ai L, Huang Y, Zhang J, Li S, Chen J, Yang F. Degradation of azo dye with activated peroxygens: when zero-valent iron meets chloride. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of the most appropriate Fe-based peroxygen oxidation technology depends on the dye wastewater constituents and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Luoyan Ai
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Juekai Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Sitong Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
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14
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Provision of Desalinated Irrigation Water by the Desalination of Groundwater within a Saline Aquifer. HYDROLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Sun Y, Li J, Huang T, Guan X. The influences of iron characteristics, operating conditions and solution chemistry on contaminants removal by zero-valent iron: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:277-295. [PMID: 27206056 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For successful application of a zero-valent iron (ZVI) system, of particular interest is the performance of ZVI under various conditions. The current review comprehensively summarizes the potential effects of the major influencing factors, such as iron intrinsic characteristics (e.g., surface area, iron impurities and oxide films), operating conditions (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, iron dosage, iron pretreatment, mixing conditions and temperature) and solution chemistry (e.g., anions, cations and natural organic matter) on the performance of ZVI reported in literature. It was demonstrated that all of the factors could exert significant effects on the ZVI performance toward contaminants removal, negatively or positively. Depending on the removal mechanisms of the respective contaminants and other environmental conditions, an individual variable may exhibit different effects. On the other hand, many of these influences have not been well understood or cannot be individually isolated in experimental or natural systems. Thus, more research is required in order to elucidate the exact roles and mechanisms of each factor in affecting the performance of ZVI. Furthermore, based on these understandings, future research may attempt to establish some feasible strategies to minimize the deteriorating effects and utilize the positive effects so as to improve the performance of ZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Jinxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Deng S, Li D, Yang X, Zhu S, Li J. Process of nitrogen transformation and microbial community structure in the Fe(0)-carbon-based bio-carrier filled in biological aerated filter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6621-6630. [PMID: 26638971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollutants in low-organic carbon wastewater are difficult to biodegrade. Therefore, the Fe(0)-carbon-based bio-carrier (FCBC) was firstly used as hydrogen producer in a biological-aerated filter (BAF) to make up for the lack of organic carbon in biological nitrogen removal. Physical and chemical properties of FCBC were detected and compared in this study. The nitrogen removal rate for low COD/TN ratio wastewater, nitrogen transformation process, and microbial communities in the FCBC filled in BAF were investigated. Results showed that the nitrogen removal rates was 0.38-0.41 kg N m(-3) day(-1) in the FCBC filled BAF and reached 0.62 kg N m(-3) day(-1) within the filter depth of 60-80 cm, under the conditions of the dissolved oxygen 3.5 ± 0.2 mg L(-1) and the inlet pH 7.2 ± 0.1. Hydrogenophaga (using hydrogen as electron donor), Sphaerotilus (absorbing [Fe(3+)]), Nitrospira (nitrificaion), and Nitrosomonas (ammonia oxidation) were found to be the predominant genera in the reactor. The reaction schemes in the FCBC filled in BAF was calculated: hydrogen and [Fe(3+)] were produced by Fe(0)-C galvanic cells in the FCBC, ammonia was oxidized into nitrate by Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira genera, hydrogen was used as electron donors by Hydrogenophaga genus to reduce nitrate into N2, and [Fe(3+)] was partly absorbed by Sphaerotilus and diverted via sludge discharging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanbin Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
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17
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Deng S, Li D, Yang X, Zhu S, Xing W. Advanced low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater treatment by electrochemical and biological coupling process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5361-5373. [PMID: 26564190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution in ground and surface water significantly affects the environment and its organisms, thereby leading to an increasingly serious environmental problem. Such pollution is difficult to degrade because of the lack of carbon sources. Therefore, an electrochemical and biological coupling process (EBCP) was developed with a composite catalytic biological carrier (CCBC) and applied in a pilot-scale cylindrical reactor to treat wastewater with a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 2. The startup process, coupling principle, and dynamic feature of the EBCP were examined along with the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and initial pH on nitrogen removal. A stable coupling system was obtained after 51 days when plenty of biofilms were cultivated on the CCBC without inoculation sludge. Autotrophic denitrification, with [Fe(2+)] and [H] produced by iron-carbon galvanic cells in CCBC as electron donors, was confirmed by equity calculation of CODCr and nitrogen removal. Nitrogen removal efficiency was significantly influenced by HRT, DO, and initial pH with optimal values of 3.5 h, 3.5 ± 0.1 mg L(-1), and 7.5 ± 0.1, respectively. The ammonia, nitrate, and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 90.1 to 95.3 %, 90.5 to 99.0 %, and 90.3 to 96.5 % were maintained with corresponding initial concentrations of 40 ± 2 mg L(-1) (NH3-N load of 0.27 ± 0.01 kg NH3-N m(-3) d(-1)), 20 ± 1 mg L(-1), and 60 ± 2 mg L(-1) (TN load of 0.41 ± 0.02 kg TN m(-3) d(-1)). Based on the Eckenfelder model, the kinetics equation of the nitrogen transformation along the reactor was N e = N 0 exp (-0.04368 h/L(1.8438)). Hence, EBCP is a viable method for advanced low C/N ratio wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanbin Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
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