1
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Lu RB, Huang J. Testing relationship between tea intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:10. [PMID: 36899398 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal effect of tea intake on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Genetic instruments for tea intake were obtained from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of the UK Biobank. Genetic association estimates for RA (6236 cases and 147,221 controls) and SLE (538 cases and 213,145 controls) were obtained from the FinnGen study through the IEU GWAS database. RESULTS MR analyses using the inverse-variance weighted method showed that tea intake was not associated with risk of RA [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increment in genetically predicted tea intake = 0.997, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.658-1.511] and SLE (OR per standard deviation increment in genetically predicted tea intake = 0.961, 95% CI 0.299-3.092). Weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, leave-one-out and multivariable MR controlling for several confounding factors including current tobacco smoking, coffee intake, and alcoholic drinks per week yielded completely consistent results. No evidence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy was found. CONCLUSION Our MR study did not suggest a causal effect of genetically predicted tea intake on RA and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Bin Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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2
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Önem A, Sözgen Başkan K, Apak R. Voltammetric Measurement of Antioxidant Activity by Prevention of Cu(II)-Induced Oxidative Damage on DNA Bases Using a Modified Electrode. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5103-5115. [PMID: 36777598 PMCID: PMC9910100 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of antioxidants using electrochemical techniques can be evaluated by examining the oxidative changes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleobases. In this study, a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/AuNP/MWCNT-Nafion) was developed to evaluate the preventive ability of antioxidants on oxidative DNA damage. A modified working electrode was prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The developed electrochemical method relies on two phenomena: (i) reactive species (RS) produced by dissolved oxygen in the presence of copper(II) partially damage the DNA immobilized on the electrode surface and (ii) antioxidant compounds prevent this damage by scavenging the formed RS. Changes in guanine, adenine, and cytosine oxidation signals resulting from DNA damage were measured using differential pulse stripping voltammetry before/after the interaction of dsDNA with Cu(II) while antioxidants were absent or present. The DNA protective ability of antioxidants was assessed for a number of antioxidant compounds (i.e., ascorbic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin, epicatechin gallate, glutathione, chlorogenic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and rutin). Quercetin was found to show the highest antioxidant effect, and its limit of detection was determined as 1 μM. The manufactured biosensor was put in an application for the determination of antioxidant activity of herbal teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe
Nur Önem
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
- Turkish
Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06690, Turkey
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3
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Miyoshi N, Tanabe H, Suzuki T, Saeki K, Hara Y. Applications of a Standardized Green Tea Catechin Preparation for Viral Warts and Human Papilloma Virus-Related and Unrelated Cancers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112588. [PMID: 32498451 PMCID: PMC7321293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cell-based and animal experiments have shown that green tea catechins (GTC) exhibit various health benefits. In human experimental and epidemiological studies, there are conflicting results, and more precise investigations are required. One of the most effective ways to prove beneficial health effects in humans might be clinical intervention studies. Polyphenon®E was developed as a standardized GTC preparation, which was approved by Food and Drug Administration of US in 2006 as a medication to treat genital warts (Veregen® or sinecatechins). Positive efficacy of Polyphenon®E/sinecatechins/Veregen® (PSV) on anogenital warts has been demonstrated in several epidemiological studies and there have been several case reports to show the clinical effectiveness of PSV. In addition, several studies have provided evidence to suggest that PSV is effective in other human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, although some studies failed to show such effects. Since (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major component of PSV, the mechanism of the action of PSV might be deduced from that of EGCG. The microarray analysis of the biopsy samples from the patients suggested that apoptosis induction and the downregulation of inflammation are involved in the mechanism of the action of PSV in the clearance of anogenital warts. Cell-based and animal experiments using PSV also demonstrated effects similar to those elicited by EGCG, explaining how PSV works to induce apoptosis and exert anti-inflammatory actions in HPV-related diseases. Future studies would clarify what kinds of diseases respond effectively to PSV, showing health benefits of GTC and EGCG in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-54-264-5531 (N.M.); Tel.: +81-3-3209-0129 (Y.H.)
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Nayoro City University, Nayoro, Hokkaido 096-8641, Japan;
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan;
| | - Koichi Saeki
- Regenerative Medicine iPS Gateway Center Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-0012, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Hara
- Tea Solutions, Hara Office Inc., Tokyo 130-0012, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-54-264-5531 (N.M.); Tel.: +81-3-3209-0129 (Y.H.)
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4
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Tangestani H, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. The effect of daily consumption of different doses of fortified Lavash bread versus plain bread on serum vitamin-D status, body composition, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, and gut microbiota in apparently healthy adult: study protocol of a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2019; 20:776. [PMID: 31881986 PMCID: PMC6935154 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency worldwide and its health consequences, intervention studies at the community level are warranted. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin-D-fortified bread on serum vitamin-D levels, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbiota composition in vitamin-D-deficient individuals. METHODS/DESIGN A double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial is conducted on apparently healthy individuals with vitamin-D deficiency. The random allocation is done to divide participants into intervention groups including daily intake of vitamin-D-3-fortified bread (FB) with 500 IU/100 g bread (n = 30), FB with 1000 IU/100 g bread (n = 30), and 100 g plain bread (PD) (n = 30). At baseline and after 3 months of the intervention period, blood, stool, and urine samples are taken. Anthropometric measures, body composition, blood pressure, and dietary assessment are made. The gut microbiome composition is measured by the 16S rRNA approach. Data is analyzed by SPSS software version 21. DISCUSSION This study may partly explain for the first time the conflicting results from recent critical and systematic reviews regarding the role of vitamin D in microbiota composition. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), ID: IRCT20170812035642N3. Registered on 11 March 2018; http://www.irct.ir/user/trial/28134/view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Krishnamoorthy R, Adisa AR, Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Pandurangan SB, Alshatwi AA. Colonic Bacteria-Transformed Catechin Metabolite Response to Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120830. [PMID: 31817548 PMCID: PMC6995598 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbes are a profitable tool for the modification of food compounds into biologically active metabolites. The biological properties of catechins have been extensively investigated. However, the bioavailability of catechin in human blood plasma is very low. This study aimed to determine the biotransformed catechin metabolites and their bioactive potentials for modulating the immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Biotransformation of catechin was carried out using in-vitro gut microbial biotransformation method, the transformed metabolites were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Present observations confirmed that the catechin was biotransformed into 11 metabolites upon microbial dehydroxylation and C ring cleavage. Further, immunomodulatory potential of catechin metabolites was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-16, IL-12B) cytokine may be due to Th2 immune response. In conclusion, biotransformed catechin metabolites enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines which is beneficial for overcoming inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulraheem R. Adisa
- Correspondence: (A.R.A.); (A.A.A.); Tel.: +966-543617783 (A.R.A.); +966-504236535 (A.A.A.)
| | | | | | | | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Correspondence: (A.R.A.); (A.A.A.); Tel.: +966-543617783 (A.R.A.); +966-504236535 (A.A.A.)
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6
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Motamed S, Nikooyeh B, Kashanian M, Hollis BW, Neyestani TR. Efficacy of two different doses of oral vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and maternal and neonatal outcomes. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 15:e12867. [PMID: 31250540 PMCID: PMC6859984 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy is suggested to have a link with complications in both mother and infant. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and cord blood vitamin D status, inflammatory biomarkers, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. A total of 84 pregnant women (gestational age of <12 weeks) were randomly allocated to one of two groups: (a) 1,000-IU/d vitamin D and (b) 2,000 IU/d. Biochemical assessments (25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D), hs-CRP, and cell-culture supernatant concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) of mothers were performed at the beginning and 34 weeks of gestation. Assessments of infants at delivery comprised cord blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, birth sizes, and Apgar score. Circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D increased in both intervention groups with more increment in 2,000 IU/d than in 1,000 IU/d (46.7 ± 30.7 vs. 24.0 ± 21.07 nmol L-1 , P = .001). Concentrations of TNF-α decreased significantly in group 2,000 (-913.1 ± 1261.3 ng L-1 , P = .01). The cord blood concentration of IL-6 in group 2,000 IU/d, compared with 1,000 IU/d, was significantly lower (25.9 ± 32.0 vs. 4.6 ± 1.4 ng L-1 , P = .03). The birth sizes including weight, length, and head circumference of the infants of group 2,000 IU/d were significantly higher than the infants' of group 1,000 IU/d. Supplementation with 2,000-IU/d vitamin D3 is more effective than 1,000 IU/d in pregnant women in terms of increasing circulating 25(OH)D, ameliorating pro-inflammatory markers notably TNF-α in mother and IL-6 in cord blood, and improving neonatal outcomes including the birth sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabe Motamed
- Department of NutritionShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Kashanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bruce W. Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tirang R. Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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7
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Mojaverrostami S, Bojnordi MN, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Hamidabadi HG. A Review of Herbal Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:575-590. [PMID: 30607330 PMCID: PMC6311642 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disorder which characterized by demyelination and axonal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Several evidences indicate that some new drugs and stem cell therapy have opened a new horizon for multiple sclerosis treatment, but current therapies are partially effective or not safe in the long term. Recently, herbal therapies represent a promising therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis disease. Here, we consider the potential benefits of some herbal compounds on different aspects of multiple sclerosis disease. The medicinal plants and their derivatives; Ginkgo biloba, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Nigella sativa,Piper methysticum, Crocus sativus, Panax ginseng, Boswellia papyrifera, Vitis vinifera, Gastrodia elata, Camellia sinensis, Oenothera biennis, MS14 and Cannabis sativa have been informed to have several therapeutic effects in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mojaverrostami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Behshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behshahr, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazm Bojnordi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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8
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Al Reef T, Ghanem E. Caffeine: Well-known as psychotropic substance, but little as immunomodulator. Immunobiology 2018; 223:818-825. [PMID: 30146130 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, numerable reviews are found in the literature prominent to the effect of caffeine on the immune system, with the latest review published in 2006. Database screening reveals around three thousand articles that have been published during the last decade. Interestingly, less than hundred articles involved humans and rodents as tested models, out of which 20% is of interest to this paper excluding studies done on the nervous and cardiac systems, and in pregnant and cancer cases. In this review, information pertaining to the experimental setup of various studies, namely, the tested model, the study type (in vivo or in vitro), and caffeine dose is covered to discern the behaviour of major cellular and molecular immune components in light of caffeine exposure. Although it is hard to extrapolate results done in rodents to humans and to relay conclusions from in vitro to in vivo studies, most of the collected data favor the suppressive effects of caffeine on the proliferation of stimulated lymphocytes. Macrophages and natural killer cells also exhibited a reduced activity in the presence of high caffeine doses compared to increased activity at low doses. Immunosuppression is also supported by reduced levels of major anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α. Moreover, certain innate and adaptive immune receptors, such as TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and MHC class I-related chain B (MICB) molecules, exhibited decreased expression levels. Thus, we support the use of caffeine to alleviate various inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Al Reef
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University, Louaize, Lebanon
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University, Louaize, Lebanon.
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9
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Motamed S, Nikooyeh B, Neyestani TR. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation With Two Different Doses During Pregnancy on Maternal and Cord Blood Vitamin D Status, Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Study Protocol. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.5.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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10
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Pereira-Caro G, Moreno-Rojas JM, Brindani N, Del Rio D, Lean MEJ, Hara Y, Crozier A. Bioavailability of Black Tea Theaflavins: Absorption, Metabolism, and Colonic Catabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5365-5374. [PMID: 28595385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Data obtained with in vitro fecal incubations and a feeding study indicate black tea theaflavin and its galloyl derivatives are not absorbed in detectable amounts in either the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. The theaflavin skeleton is comparatively resistant to degradation by colonic bacteria with a 67% recovery being obtained after a 24 h incubation, which yielded 21 phenolic and aromatic catabolites. The theaflavin galloyl moiety was removed by the microbiota, and the released gallic acid further transformed to 3-O- and 4-O-methyl gallic acids, pyrogallol-1-sulfate and pyrogallol-2-sulfate, which were excreted in urine in amounts equivalent to 94% of intake. The main urinary product potentially derived from breakdown of the theaflavin skeleton was 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid. A number of the colonic catabolites originating from gallic acid and theaflavins has been reported to be bioactive in ex vivo and in vitro models with a variety of potential modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) , Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) , Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Michael E J Lean
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , New Lister Building, Glasgow G31 2ER, U.K
| | | | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
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11
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Antidiabetic Effects of Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050849. [PMID: 28531120 PMCID: PMC6154530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine disease resulted from insulin secretory defect or insulin resistance and it is a leading cause of death around the world. The care of DM patients consumes a huge budget due to the high frequency of consultations and long hospitalizations, making DM a serious threat to both human health and global economies. Tea contains abundant polyphenols and caffeine which showed antidiabetic activity, so the development of antidiabetic medications from tea and its extracts is increasingly receiving attention. However, the results claiming an association between tea consumption and reduced DM risk are inconsistent. The advances in the epidemiologic evidence and the underlying antidiabetic mechanisms of tea are reviewed in this paper. The inconsistent results and the possible causes behind them are also discussed.
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12
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Kaske M, Nathues H, Gruetzner N, Melzig M, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal plants--prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:89. [PMID: 27268043 PMCID: PMC4896019 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as 'multi-target drugs'. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets. RESULTS Based on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20'000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994-2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Several medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, postbox 219, Frick, 5070, Switzerland. .,Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kaske
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Nathues
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Niels Gruetzner
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Melzig
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, postbox 219, Frick, 5070, Switzerland
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13
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Mahmoud F, Haines D, Al-Ozairi E, Dashti A. Effect of Black Tea Consumption on Intracellular Cytokines, Regulatory T Cells and Metabolic Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Phytother Res 2015; 30:454-62. [PMID: 26692322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of black tea intake on inflammatory cytokines and metabolic biomarkers in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thirty patients with T2DM were randomly assigned either to a High Intake (HI) group, consuming three cups (600 mL) of black tea per day; and a Low Intake (LI) group, administered 1 cup (200 mL) per day, each during a 12-week period. Intracellular cytokine expression, regulatory T cells (Treg), glycemic and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and following the tea intake period. Tea consumption correlated with major effects measured in peripheral blood of subjects that included significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, along with increased regulatory T cells CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3, CD3+ CD4+ IL-10+ cells (an immunosuppressive phenotype), reduced (pro-inflammatory) CD3+ CD4+ IL-17+ cells and reduced Th1-associated CD3+ CD4+ IFN-Υ+ cells. Tea consumption was also observed to abolish the significance of an inverse correlation between total serum cholesterol and representation of CD4+ IL-4+ T cells, which may reflect protection against atopy-related oxidative stress. Outcomes of this study describe both advantages and limitations to consumption of black tea as an aid to sustained health maintenance by persons at-risk for TD2M and related obesity-associated metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - David Haines
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Debrecen University, Hungary.,Essential Biotherapeutics Sarl, Rte. de la Vallee 26, 1874, Champery, Switzerland
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Ali Dashti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Guaraná, a supplement rich in caffeine and catechin, modulates cytokines: evidence from human in vitro and in vivo protocols. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Neyestani TR, Djazayery A, Shab-Bidar S, Eshraghian MR, Kalayi A, Shariátzadeh N, Khalaji N, Zahedirad M, Gharavi A, Houshiarrad A, Chamari M, Asadzadeh S. Vitamin D Receptor Fok-I polymorphism modulates diabetic host response to vitamin D intake: need for a nutrigenetic approach. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:550-6. [PMID: 23160722 PMCID: PMC3579338 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpopulation as well as interindividual variations in response to vitamin D intake commonly observed in subjects with type 2 diabetes may be related to genetic makeup. One of the candidate genes potentially responsible for this diversity is vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of VDR Fok-I polymorphism and vitamin D intake on diverse aspects of diabetic host response. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Glycemic status, lipid profiles, inflammatory biomarkers, and VDR Fok-I genotypes were determined in diabetic subjects (n = 140) who participated in a randomized controlled trial. Participants consumed two 250-mL bottles per day of yogurt drink (doogh) fortified with 500 IU vitamin D/250 mL for 12 weeks. RESULTS Mean serum 25(OH)D increased by ~30 nmol/L (P < 0.001). The time × intervention effect was significant for 25(OH)D (P = 0.030), HDL (P = 0.011), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (P < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-4 (P = 0.008), and IL-6 (P = 0.017) among the genotypic groups. The alleles were defined as ''F'' or ''f'' depending on the absence or presence of the restriction site, respectively. The least increment in 25(OH)D was in ff (23.0 ± 3.8 nmol/L) compared with Ff (31.2 ± 3.4 nmol/L) and FF (35.6 ± 2.7 nmol/L) (P for trend = 0.009), but only the difference between ff and FF was significant (P = 0.023). FF group had the largest decrement of both hsCRP and IL-6 compared with Ff (P < 0.001 and P = 0.038) and ff (P = 0.010 and P = 0.048), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that those of VDR ff genotype may be regarded as "low responders" to vitamin D intake in terms of response of circulating 25(OH)D and certain inflammatory biomarkers. A nutrigenetic approach may, therefore, be needed to protect diabetic patients from vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moreira FT, Guerreiro JR, Barros R, Sales MGF. The effect of method, standard and sample components on the total antioxidant capacity of commercial waters assessed by optical conventional assays. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Shab-Bidar S, Neyestani TR, Djazayery A, Eshraghian MR, Houshiarrad A, Kalayi A, Shariatzadeh N, Khalaji N, Gharavi A. Improvement of vitamin D status resulted in amelioration of biomarkers of systemic inflammation in the subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:424-30. [PMID: 22344966 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both vitamin D deficiency and inflammation have been linked to cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in diabetes. In this study, the effects of daily intake of vitamin D-fortified yoghourt drink (doogh) on systemic inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, T2D subjects received either plain doogh (PD; containing 170 mg calcium and no detectable vitamin D/250 mL, n(1) = 50) or vitamin D3-fortified doogh (FD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL, n(2) = 50) twice a day. Glycemic status, body fat mass and systemic inflammatory biomarkers including serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated at the beginning and after the intervention. Data were expressed as either mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) whenever they had either normal or non-normal distribution, respectively. RESULTS In the patients receiving the vitamin D fortified drink, compared with those receiving the unfortified drink, a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D was accompanied by significant changes in TNF-α (-57.9 (-264.6) versus +106.3 (683.2), p = 0.044), IL-6 (-6.3 (-69.2), p = 0.002), hsCRP (-0.39 (-1.50) versus +0.8 (1.52), p < 0.001), SAA (-14.2 ± 44.5 versus +5.6 ± 37.5 mg/L, p = 0.022) and IL-10 (+38.7 ± 157.0 versus -51.9 ± 165.2 ng/L, p = 0.013). The between-group differences of hsCRP, SAA and IL-6 changes remained significant even after controlling for changes quantitative insulin check index (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Improvement of vitamin D status of T2D subjects resulted in amelioration of the systemic inflammatory markers. This may have preventive implications against cardiovascular disease and other diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Neyestani TR, Nikooyeh B, Alavi-Majd H, Shariatzadeh N, Kalayi A, Tayebinejad N, Heravifard S, Salekzamani S, Zahedirad M. Improvement of vitamin D status via daily intake of fortified yogurt drink either with or without extra calcium ameliorates systemic inflammatory biomarkers, including adipokines, in the subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:2005-11. [PMID: 22442277 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Systemic inflammation is thought to have a central role in diabetic long-term complications. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D either with or without extra calcium on certain inflammatory biomarkers in the subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial conducted over 12 wk in 90 T2D subjects aged 30-60 yr from both sexes. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups to receive two 250-ml bottles a day of plain Persian yogurt drink or doogh (PD, containing 150 mg calcium and no detectable vitamin D(3)/250 ml), vitamin D-fortified doogh (DD, containing 500 IU vitamin D(3) and 150 mg calcium/250 ml), or calcium + vitamin D(3)-fortified doogh (CDD, containing 500 IU vitamin D(3) and 250 mg calcium/250 ml). OUTCOME MEASURES The changes in inflammatory markers were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to the baseline values, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, fibrinogen, and retinol binding protein-4 concentrations significantly decreased in both the DD and CDD groups. Although the decrement in highly sensitive C-reactive protein and fibrinogen was more in CDD compared to DD (-4.0 ± 8.5 vs. -1.3 ± 2.8 mg/liter, and -0.40 ± 0.74 and -0.20 ± 0.52 mg/liter, respectively), the differences were not significant. There was a significant increase in serum adiponectin in both the DD and CDD groups (51.3 ± 65.3 vs. 57.1 ± 33.8 μg/liter; P < 0.05). Mean adiponectin changes in CDD were significantly higher than in PD (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of vitamin D-fortified doogh improved inflammatory markers in T2D subjects, and extra calcium conferred additional benefit only for the antiinflammatory adipokine, i.e. adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573 Tehran, Iran.
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Electrocatalytic evaluation of DNA damage by superoxide radical for antioxidant capacity assessment. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shab-Bidar S, Neyestani TR, Djazayery A. Efficacy of vitamin D3-fortified-yogurt drink on anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers according to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2011; 11:12. [PMID: 21696575 PMCID: PMC3146888 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is determined by the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. This study was designed to evaluate the possible role of VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on different aspects of diabetic host response (anthropometric, metabolic, oxidative stress and inflammatory) to daily intake of vitamin D through fortified yogurt drink for 12 weeks. METHODS/DESIGN This study comprises two parts: (i) a case-control study; and (ii) an intervention trial. In the first part, VDR polymorphisms (Taq1, FokI, Apa1, Bsm1, and Cdx2) are determined in 350 T2DM patients and 350 non-diabetic subjects. In the second part, the possible effects of daily intake of two servings of vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink (FYD; 500 IU vitamin D/250 mL) on some selected metabolic (including insulin resistance), inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in 135 T2DM patients are assessed. To relate the resulted changes in the biomarkers to vitamin D replenishment, another group of diabetic patients (n = 45) are also included in the study who receive 2 servings of plain yogurt drink (PYD) a day. The primary outcome is serum level of 25(OH) D, which it is expected to be elevated only in FYD group. Secondary outcomes include improvements in glycemic, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in FYD group compared to PYD group. Three VDR FokI polymorphisms are determined only in FYD group followed by comparison of changes in the biomarkers among these genotypic variants. DISCUSSION The present study, at least in part, elucidates the discrepancies in the results of different vitamin D-diabetes studies pertaining to the genetic variations of the population. If VDR polymorphisms are found to influence the response to our intervention, then knowing distribution of VDR polymorphisms in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations can give a picture of the proportion of the community in whom up to 1000 IU/d vitamin D may not be effective enough to improve insulin resistance and related morbidities. Therefore, they should ideally receive further nutritional support according to their genotype. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01236846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Choi DK, Koppula S, Suk K. Inhibitors of microglial neurotoxicity: focus on natural products. Molecules 2011; 16:1021-43. [PMID: 21350391 PMCID: PMC6259841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells play a dual role in the central nervous system as they have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Uncontrolled and excessive activation of microglia often contributes to inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Recently, much attention has been paid to therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting neurotoxic microglial activation. Pharmacological inhibitors of microglial activation are emerging as a result of such endeavors. In this review, natural products-based inhibitors of microglial activation will be reviewed. Potential neuroprotective activity of these compounds will also be discussed. Future works should focus on the discovery of novel drug targets that specifically mediate microglial neurotoxicity rather than neuroprotection. Development of new drugs based on these targets may require a better understanding of microglial biology and neuroinflammation at the molecular, cellular, and systems levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.S.); (D.K.C.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4835 (K.S.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.K.C.); Fax: +82-53-256-1566 (K.S.); +82-43-852-3616 (D.K.C.)
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, CMRI, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.S.); (D.K.C.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4835 (K.S.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.K.C.); Fax: +82-53-256-1566 (K.S.); +82-43-852-3616 (D.K.C.)
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DNA-based biosensor for the electrocatalytic determination of antioxidant capacity in beverages. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2396-401. [PMID: 21067909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a consequence of normal aerobic metabolism and are able to induce DNA oxidative damage. At the cellular level, the evaluation of the protective effect of antioxidants can be achieved by examining the integrity of the DNA nucleobases using electrochemical techniques. Herein, the use of an adenine-rich oligonucleotide (dA(21)) adsorbed on carbon paste electrodes for the assessment of the antioxidant capacity is proposed. The method was based on the partial damage of a DNA layer adsorbed on the electrode surface by OH radicals generated by Fenton reaction and the subsequent electrochemical oxidation of the intact adenine bases to generate an oxidation product that was able to catalyze the oxidation of NADH. The presence of antioxidant compounds scavenged hydroxyl radicals leaving more adenines unoxidized, and thus, increasing the electrocatalytic current of NADH measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Using ascorbic acid (AA) as a model antioxidant species, the detection of as low as 50 nM of AA in aqueous solution was possible. The protection efficiency was evaluated for several antioxidant compounds. The biosensor was applied to the determination of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in beverages.
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Green tea minimally affects biomarkers of inflammation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 2010; 27:206-13. [PMID: 20605696 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Green tea (Camellia sinensis) has shown to exert cardioprotective benefits in observational studies. The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the effects of green tea on features of metabolic syndrome and inflammation in obese subjects. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Thirty-five subjects [(mean ± SE) age 42.5 ± 1.7 y, body mass index 36.1 ± 1.3 kg/m(2)] completed the 8-wk study and were randomly assigned to receive green tea (4 cups/d), green tea extract (2 capsules and 4 cups water/d), or no treatment (4 cups water/d). Both the beverage and extract groups had similar dosing of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the active green tea polyphenol. Fasting blood samples were collected at screening, 4 and 8 wk of the study. RESULTS Green tea beverage or extract supplementation did not significantly alter features of metabolic syndrome or biomarkers of inflammation including adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, leptin, or leptin:adiponectin ratio. However, both green tea beverage and extracts significantly reduced plasma serum amyloid alpha versus no treatment (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the daily consumption of green tea beverage or extracts for 8 wk was well tolerated but did not affect the features of metabolic syndrome. However, green tea significantly reduced plasma serum amyloid alpha, an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor, in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome.
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