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Park J, Kim J, Shin DW, Shin J, Cho B, Song YM. Factors Associated with Dietary Habit Changes in Korean Stomach Cancer Survivors after Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2023; 15:3268. [PMID: 37513686 PMCID: PMC10385203 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current nutritional guidelines for stomach cancer survivors (SCSs) mainly focus on the influence of the surgical resection of the stomach, with limited guidance regarding a wider range of food options. We aimed to investigate the factors associated with healthier dietary changes in Korean adult SCSs. This cross-sectional study assessed dietary pattern changes after cancer treatment for 11 food categories, using a self-administered questionnaire. A 'healthier dietary change' was operationally defined as a reduced consumption of red and processed meat, grains, salt, and burnt food, and an increased consumption of poultry, fish, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and dairy products. Among a total of 624 SCSs, approximately 60% of participants reported dietary changes in a healthier direction in three or more food categories, while 9.1% reported no changes. There was no significant difference in dietary habit changes between surgery types. Multivariable adjusted analysis showed that elderly and long-term survivors were inversely associated with a healthier dietary change. SCSs with a higher level of educational achievement and income were more likely to make healthier changes in their intake of processed meat, vegetables, fruits, burnt food, or salt. SCSs with higher levels of fear of cancer recurrence, anxiety, or depression were more likely to follow healthier dietary changes regarding fish, meat, fruits, grains, or burnt food. Change in dietary pattern varied across different food items, and was associated with various characteristics of SCSs. It is crucial to repeatedly provide SCSs with information about healthier dietary patterns, considering their sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Park
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.W.S.)
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine & Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (J.K.)
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.W.S.)
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea;
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine & Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (J.K.)
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.W.S.)
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Lee YA, Song SW, Kim SH, Kim HN. Associations between Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome: Findings of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:2676. [PMID: 37375580 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial cluster of metabolic disorders related to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet and dietary patterns are significant factors in the development and management of MetS. The associations between dietary patterns (i.e., high-carbohydrate [HCHO], high-fat [HF], and high-protein [HP] diets) and the prevalence of MetS in Koreans were examined using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected between 2018 and 2020. The study included data from 9069 participants (3777 men and 5292 women). The percentage of participants with MetS was significantly higher in the HCHO diet group than in the normal diet group in women. Women with HCHO diet were positively associated with elevated blood pressure and triglyceride levels based on a comparison with the normal diet group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.005, respectively). Men with an HF diet were negatively associated with elevated fasting glucose levels based on a comparison with the normal diet group (p = 0.014). Our findings showed that HCHO intake was strongly associated with a higher risk of MetS, especially elevated blood pressure and triglyceride levels in women, and an HF diet was negatively associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in men. Further prospective studies of the impact of dietary carbohydrate, fat, and protein proportions on metabolic health are needed. The optimal types and proportions of these dietary components, as well as the underlying mechanisms through which suboptimal proportions can lead to MetS, should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ah Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hajihashemi P, Feizi A, Heidari Z, Haghighatdoost F. Association of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:2247-2259. [PMID: 36939291 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1973364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing earlier findings on the association of n-6 PUFAs levels in diets or blood with blood pressure. METHODS PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for observational studies. Publications with data on the risk of hypertension, or the correlation between n-6 PUFAs or mean values of serum n-6 PUFAs levels in normotensive and hypertensive were included. RESULTS Twenty-two studies (16 cross-sectional studies, 5 cohorts and one case-control) were eligible. Combining 14 extracted effect sizes showed that higher circulatory/dietary n-6 PUFAs tended to be associated with 10% lower risk of HTN (95% CI: 0.81, 1.00), whereas combining 23 effect sizes illustrated no difference in circulatory/dietary n-6 PUFAs mean levels between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. According to subgroup analysis based on fatty acid types, total n-6 PUFAs (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.97) and linoleic acid (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.82) were inversely related to the risk of HTN. Circulatory/dietary n-6 PUFAs were correlated neither with systolic nor with diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulatory/dietary n-6 PUFAs tend to be associated with lower odds of HTN. Particularly, total n-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid were associated with lower risk of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hajihashemi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jeong SJ, Yang HJ, Yang HG, Ryu MS, Ha G, Jeong DY, Park S. Inverse association of daily fermented soybean paste (“Jang”) intake with metabolic syndrome risk, especially body fat and hypertension, in men of a large hospital-based cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122945. [PMID: 36992908 PMCID: PMC10040601 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionJang is a fermented soybean paste containing salt and is traditionally used as a substitute for salt to enhance the flavor of foods in Korea. It has been speculated that regular consumption of Jang may lower the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesized that Jang intake was associated with the risk of MetS and its components after adjusting for potential confounders, including sodium intake. The hypothesis was investigated according to gender in a large city hospital-based cohort (n = 58,701) in Korea.MethodsJang intake, calculated as the sum of the intakes of Chungkookjang, Doenjang, Doenjang soup, and Ssamjang (a mixture of Doenjang and Kochujang), was included in the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) administered to the cohort, and the daily Jang intake was estimated. The participants were categorized into low-Jang and high-Jang groups by 1.9 g daily Jang intake. MetS was defined according to 2005 revised United States National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria modified for Asians.ResultsThe participants in the low-Jang and high-Jang groups consumed an average of 0.63 g and 4.63 g Jang daily; their total sodium intake was about 1.91 and 2.58 g/day, respectively. The participants in the high-Jang group had higher energy, fiber, calcium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and potassium intake than those in the low-Jang group. After adjusting for covariates, the participants with the highest sodium intake (≥3.31 g/day) were positively associated with MetS risk in the quintiles of men and women. Among the MetS components, waist circumference, fat mass, and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia were positively associated with sodium intake in all participants and women. Unlike the association seen with sodium intake, Jang intake (≥1.9 g/day) was inversely associated with MetS components, including waist circumference, fat mass, serum glucose concentrations, and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in all participants and men, after adjusting for covariates including sodium intake.DiscussionSubstituting salt for Jang in cooking may be recommended to prevent and alleviate MetS incidence, and its efficacy for MetS risk was better in men than women. The results can be applied to sodium intake in Asian countries where salt is used to promote flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ji Jeong
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gun Yang
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Ryu
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangsu Ha
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Jeong
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Do Yeon Jeong,
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Sunmin Park,
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Nutrients, Physical Activity, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051217. [PMID: 36904216 PMCID: PMC10004804 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some tumors. It includes insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MetS is primarily linked to lipotoxicity, with ectopic fat deposition from fat storage exhaustion, more than obesity per se. Excessive intake of long-chain saturated fatty acid and sugar closely relates to lipotoxicity and MetS through several pathways, including toll-like receptor 4 activation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulation (PPARγ), sphingolipids remodeling, and protein kinase C activation. These mechanisms prompt mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a key role in disrupting the metabolism of fatty acids and proteins and in developing insulin resistance. By contrast, the intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and medium-chain saturated (low-dose) fatty acids, as well as plant-based proteins and whey protein, favors an improvement in sphingolipid composition and metabolic profile. Along with dietary modification, regular exercises including aerobic, resistance, or combined training can target sphingolipid metabolism and improve mitochondrial function and MetS components. This review aimed to summarize the main dietary and biochemical aspects related to the physiopathology of MetS and its implications for mitochondrial machinery while discussing the potential role of diet and exercise in counteracting this complex clustering of metabolic dysfunctions.
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A Causal and Inverse Relationship between Plant-Based Diet Intake and in a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030545. [PMID: 36766075 PMCID: PMC9914273 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet (PBD) has been reported to be linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in observational studies, but not in causal association studies. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that high PBD exhibited a causal and inverse association with MetS and its components using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). PBD was clustered according to food intake, which was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires using a principal component analysis. The instrumental variables were generated using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a High-PBD group (≥67th percentiles) after adjusting for the covariates related to MetS, with a significance level of p < 5 × 10-5 and linkage disequilibrium (r2 < 0.001), in a city hospital-based cohort (n = 58,701). The causal association of the PBD intake with MetS risk was examined with a two-sample MR approach in the rural plus Ansan/Ansung cohorts (n = 13,598). The High-PBD group showed higher energy, fat, protein, cholesterol, fiber, sodium, calcium, vitamin C and D, and flavonoid intake than the Low-PBD group. The High-PBD group showed a lower risk of MetS, waist circumference, hyperglycemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia using an inverse-variance weighted method (p < 0.05). Low-PBD intake significantly elevated only waist circumference in weighted-median analysis (p < 0.05). No heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, or single genetic variant influenced the causal relationship. In conclusion, low PBD appeared to be causally positively related to MetS risk and its components, but not hypertension. Therefore, Korean-style PBD may be beneficial for decreasing MetS risk in Asian adults.
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Shi J, Fang H, Guo Q, Yu D, Ju L, Cheng X, Piao W, Xu X, Li Z, Mu D, Zhao L, He L. Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7–17: The China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173524. [PMID: 36079782 PMCID: PMC9460434 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the associations of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–17 in 2016–2017. Using the data from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017, the sociodemographic information, diet, anthropometric measurements and clinical examinations of subjects were obtained, and a total of 13,071 school-aged children and adolescents were included in this study. The Cook criteria were used to define MetS and its components. Dietary intake was derived from 24-h dietary records for three consecutive days, combined with the weighing method. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. The associations of dietary patterns with MetS and its components were examined by logistic regression analysis. Consequently, five distinct dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis, and the relationships between dietary patterns with MetS and its components were observed. After adjusting for covariates, the animal product and vegetable patterns may have a positive association with MetS; the condiment pattern was positively associated with low HDL-C; the fruit and junk food patterns had positive relationships with MetS, abdominal obesity and high TG; the cereals and tubers pattern was positively associated with MetS, abdominal obesity, high TG and low HDL-C; the beans pattern was positively associated with high TG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6623-7033
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Association of Polygenic Variants with Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Their Interaction with Lifestyles in Asians. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153222. [PMID: 35956399 PMCID: PMC9370736 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, there has been a considerable growth in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Asians. A pathophysiological mechanism in Asian T2DM is closely linked to low insulin secretion, β-cell mass, and inability to compensate for insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genetic variants associated with lower β-cell mass and function and their combination with unhealthy lifestyle factors significantly raise T2DM risk among Asians. This hypothesis was explored with participants aged over 40. Participants were categorized into T2DM (case; n = 5383) and control (n = 53,318) groups. The genetic variants associated with a higher risk of T2DM were selected from a genome-wide association study in a city hospital-based cohort, and they were confirmed with a replicate study in Ansan/Ansung plus rural cohorts. The interacted genetic variants were identified with generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis, and the polygenic risk score (PRS)-nutrient interactions were examined. The 8-SNP model was positively associated with T2DM risk by about 10 times, exhibiting a higher association than the 20-SNP model, including all T2DM-linked SNPs with p < 5 × 10−6. The SNPs in the models were primarily involved in pancreatic β-cell growth and survival. The PRS of the 8-SNP model interacted with three lifestyle factors: energy intake based on the estimated energy requirement (EER), Western-style diet (WSD), and smoking status. Fasting serum glucose concentrations were much higher in the participants with High-PRS in rather low EER intake and high-WSD compared to the High-EER and Low-WSD, respectively. They were shown to be higher in the participants with High-PRS in smokers than in non-smokers. In conclusion, the genetic impact of T2DM risk was mainly involved with regulating pancreatic β-cell mass and function, and the PRS interacted with lifestyles. These results highlight the interaction between genetic impacts and lifestyles in precision nutrition.
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Nikniaz L, Mahmudiono T, Jasim SA, Vajdi M, Thangavelu L, Farhangi MA. Nutrient pattern analysis of mineral based, simple sugar based, and fat based diets and risk of metabolic syndrome: a comparative nutrient panel. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:51. [PMID: 35232417 PMCID: PMC8889682 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is growing evidence on the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic risk factors, very little is known about the relationship between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to examine the associations of nutrient patterns with MetS among apparently healthy obese adults living in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS Three hundred and forty-seven apparently healthy obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) adults aged 20-50 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of 38 nutrients was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of 132 food items. Nutrient patterns were determined using factor analysis. The MetS was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). RESULTS Three major nutrient patterns were extracted: "Mineral based pattern", "Simple sugar based pattern" and "Fat based pattern". There was no significant association between nutrient patterns and MetS, in the crude model even after adjusting for confounders. There was a significant difference between quartiles in the mineral based pattern for free mass (FFM), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), large Waist circumference (WC) and Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). In the simple sugar based pattern, we observed a significant association for SBP, DBP, and triglyceride (TG) levels. In addition, the fat based pattern was positively associated with BMI, and weight. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe any significant association of nutrient patterns with the risk of MetS amongst the apparently healthy obese adult's population. Whereas we confirmed the deleterious effect of the simple sugar and fat based patterns on several metabolic risk factors, our findings also showed that the mineral based pattern is related to healthier metabolic factors in an Iranian population. These results should be approved by future studies to recognize any causal relationship between adherence to specific nutrient patterns and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Kota Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Aali Y, Shiraseb F, Abaj F, Koohdani F, Mirzaei K. The interactions between dietary fats intake and Caveolin 1 rs 3807992 polymorphism with fat distribution in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:265. [PMID: 34753501 PMCID: PMC8579626 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that dietary fats and genetic factors in individuals are associated with the pattern of fat distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between dietary fats intake and Caveolin1 (CAV-1) rs 3807s992 polymorphism with fat distribution in overweight and obese women. METHODS A total of 221 participants were included in the current cross-sectional study. Body composition, biochemical parameters were evaluated by body composition analyzer and Pars Azmoon kits and genotypes determination was performed by PCR-RFLP, dietary fats were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FAQ). RESULTS The frequency of GG, AA and AG genotypes were 53.1, 24.6, and 22.3%, respectively, and the mean intake of total dietary fat intake was 97.47 ± 36.87 g. There was positive significant interaction between total fat intake and AA genotype on visceral fat level (p = 0.001), trunk fat (p = 0.01) and waist circumference (p = 0.05), positive significant interaction between total fat intake and AG genotype on the waist to hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.02) and visceral fat level (p = 0.05), positive borderline significant interaction between saturated fatty acid and AA genotype on the trunk fat (p = 0.06), and between trans-fatty acids and AG genotype on WHR (p = 0.04), visceral fat level (p = 0.01), and between monounsaturated fatty acid and AG genotype on WHR (p = 0.04), and a borderline interaction between polyunsaturated fatty acid and AA genotypes on visceral fat level (p = 0.06), negative significant interaction between AG genotypes and linolenic acid on WHR (p = 0.04), borderline significant interaction between ALA and AG genotype on WHR (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that CAV-1 rs 3807992 polymorphism and dietary fats were associated with fat distributions in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box, 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box, 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box, 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box, 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box, 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Shemirani F, Djafarian K, Fotouhi A, Azadbakht L, Rezaei N, Chamari M, Shabani S, Mahmoudi M. Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 48:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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A Western-style diet interacts with genetic variants of the LDL receptor to hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in Korean adults. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2964-2974. [PMID: 32698935 PMCID: PMC9886520 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of genetic risk scores (GRS) of LDLR, APOB and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) SNP and plasma LDL concentrations and to identify lifestyle interactions with the GRS in Korean middle-aged adults. DESIGN Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) was conducted to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. SETTINGS Hospitals in Korea. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 40-77 years (n 28 445) without serious diseases. RESULTS Subjects with the major alleles (risk allele) of LDLR rs1433099 and rs11557092, APOB rs13306194 and PCSK9 rs11583723 had higher plasma LDL concentration by 1·20-folds than those with the minor alleles. Subjects with High-GRS (major alleles) of the four SNP had higher adjusted OR for plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 1·24-, 1·203- and 1·167-folds, respectively, but not HDL-cholesterol, than those with Low-GRS. Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, but not balanced Korean-style and rice-based dietary patterns, had interactions with GRS to increase plasma LDL concentrations. Daily energy intake also interacted with GRS. In the high intake of Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than the Low-GRS. With high energy intake, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than those with Low-GRS. CONCLUSIONS Adults with major alleles of four SNP are recommended to have low-energy intakes with a balanced Korean diet need to avoid high-energy intakes especially with Western-style flour-rich diet patterns.
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Jee D, Park S. Hyperglycemia and Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia Are Primary Risk Factors for Age-related Cataract, and a Korean-style Balanced Diet has a Negative Association, based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e155. [PMID: 34128595 PMCID: PMC8203849 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cataracts is steadily increasing among the middle-aged and elderly worldwide. We hypothesized that adults aged > 50 years with age-related cataracts (ARCs) have an association with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, and MS has interactions with different dietary patterns and lifestyles that affect ARC risk. We examined the hypothesis using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES; a large-scale hospital-based cohort study), which collected data between 2004-2013. METHODS Participants ≥ 50 years old were classified as cases (1,972 ARC patients) and controls (38,290 healthy controls) based on a diagnosis of cataract by a physician. MS and its components were defined using WHO definitions for Asians. Dietary consumption was evaluated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), which contained 106 foods, and dietary patterns were analyzed by principal component analysis. After adjusting for potential covariates, logistic regression was used to investigate associations between MS and its components and between dietary patterns and a positive cataract history. RESULTS ARC had a positive association with MS after 1.32-fold adjusting for age, sex, residence area, body mass index, and energy intake. Plasma glucose and HbA1c concentrations exhibited an increased ARC risk in the participants with MS by 1.50- and 1.92-fold and without MS by 1.35 and 1.88-fold, respectively. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were negatively associated with ARC risk only in the MS patients, but not without MS. However, blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and serum triglyceride concentrations did not associate with ARC risk regardless of MS. High intake of a Korean-balanced diet (KBD) containing fermented food exhibited a negative association with ARC risk (OR = 0.81) only in the MS group. The fat and coffee intake had a negative association with ARC only in the non-MS group. Current- and former-smokers were positively associated with ARC risk. CONCLUSION Persons who have hyperglycemia and low-HDL-cholesterolemia had increased susceptibility of ARC prevalence. A KBD with a proper amount of fat (≥ 15%) is recommended, and smoking should be prohibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Jee
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
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14
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Association of dietary fiber intake with metabolic syndrome among adult cancer survivors: a population-based cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11794. [PMID: 34083714 PMCID: PMC8175362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient intake for adult cancer survivors is of clinical importance for managing metabolic health. Whether dietary fiber intake is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or not in adult cancer survivors is uncertain. We aim to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and MetS in adult cancer survivors using a population-based cross-sectional study. A study sample of 1301 adult cancer survivors aged more than 20 years from the sixth and seventh Korea Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2013 to 2018 was identified. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from multiple logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors, health behavior, and nutritional status. Among 1,301 adult cancer survivors identified from the KNHANES 2013–2018, the mean dietary fiber intake was 28.1 g/day (standard error, 0.54). Compared to the first quintile of dietary fiber intake, the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for MetS in the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of dietary fiber intake were 0.84 (0.27–2.61), 0.77 (0.16–3.74), 0.55 (0.14–2.22), and 0.26 (0.05–1.39), respectively (p value for trend = 0.0007). Our findings suggest that high dietary fiber intake is marginally associated with reduced odds of MetS in adult cancer survivors.
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15
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Willems AEM, Sura-de Jong M, van Beek AP, Nederhof E, van Dijk G. Effects of macronutrient intake in obesity: a meta-analysis of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on markers of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:429-444. [PMID: 32885229 PMCID: PMC7947787 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises cardiometabolic risk factors frequently found in individuals with obesity. Guidelines to prevent or reverse MetS suggest limiting fat intake, however, lowering carbohydrate intake has gained attention too. The aim for this review was to determine to what extent either weight loss, reduction in caloric intake, or changes in macronutrient intake contribute to improvement in markers of MetS in persons with obesity without cardiometabolic disease. A meta-analysis was performed across a spectrum of studies applying low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) diets. PubMed searches yielded 17 articles describing 12 separate intervention studies assessing changes in MetS markers of persons with obesity assigned to LC (<40% energy from carbohydrates) or LF (<30% energy from fat) diets. Both diets could lead to weight loss and improve markers of MetS. Meta-regression revealed that weight loss most efficaciously reduced fasting glucose levels independent of macronutrient intake at the end of the study. Actual carbohydrate intake and actual fat intake at the end of the study, but not the percent changes in intake of these macronutrients, improved diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglyceride levels, without an effect of weight loss. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance improved with both diets, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol only improved in the LC diet, both irrespective of aforementioned factors. Remarkably, changes in caloric intake did not play a primary role in altering MetS markers. Taken together, these data suggest that, beyond the general effects of the LC and LF diet categories to improve MetS markers, there are also specific roles for weight loss, LC and HF intake, but not reduced caloric intake, that improve markers of MetS irrespective of diet categorization. On the basis of the results from this meta-analysis, guidelines to prevent MetS may need to be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk E M Willems
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences - Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Sura-de Jong
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Nederhof
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences - Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Akbarzade Z, Amini MR, Djafari F, Yarizadeh H, Mohtashaminia F, Majdi M, Bazshahi E, Djafarian K, Clark CCT, Shab-Bidar S. Association of Nutrient Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Iranian Adults. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:318-331. [PMID: 33204671 PMCID: PMC7644369 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.4.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20-59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtashaminia
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Elham Bazshahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
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17
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Shahinfar H, Akbarzade Z, Djafari F, Shab-Bidar S. Association of nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome and its components in adults living in Tehran, Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1071-1079. [PMID: 33520824 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Identification of nutrient patterns (NPs) may be helpful to evaluate the overall quality of diet and its relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated the association of major nutrient patterns with MetS and its components among apparently healthy adults living in Tehran. Methods We included 522 adults (24-83 years old) who referred to health centers in Tehran. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure glycemic indicators and lipid profile. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the 26 nutrient items were applied. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Results Three major nutrient patterns were identified: "Mono and disaccharides pattern", "Macronutrient pattern" and "Antioxidant pattern". After controlling for potential confounders, serum HDL (p < 0.001) increased across tertiles of "Antioxidant pattern". A significant inverse association was observed between adherence to "Antioxidant pattern" and odds of MetS (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.69) in crude model which was disappeared after adjusting for age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking, marital status, energy and BMI. Moreover, we found that adherence to "Antioxidant pattern" was inversely related to odds of reduced levels of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35). No association was found between "Mono and disaccharides pattern", "Macronutrient pattern", MetS and its components. Conclusions In general, adherence to "Antioxidant pattern "resulted in lower level of HDL concentrations. More studies are needed to investigate the possible causal relationship of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Park S, Kang S. Alcohol, Carbohydrate, and Calcium Intakes and Smoking Interactions with APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 were Associated with Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in a Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1318-1329.e1. [PMID: 32335043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations are markedly higher among Asians, which may be associated with the interaction of genetics and lifestyle factors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variants that have a strong association with plasma TG concentrations from genome-wide association study and to identify lifestyle interactions with the genetic variants that are associated with dyslipidemia in a cohort of Korean adults. DESIGN Korean genome and epidemiology study utilized a cross-sectional design of Koreans to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. PARTICIPANTS Korean adults aged 40 to 77 years were participants (n=28,445). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The genetic variants that influence plasma TG concentrations were selected by genome-wide association study using an allele genetic model after adjusting for age, sex, area of residence, and body mass index. Lipid profiles and nutrient intakes from food frequency questionnaires were measured. The interactions between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and lifestyle factors were determined to influence plasma TG levels. RESULTS Carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 had an association with higher plasma TG concentrations by 1.86- and 1.51-fold, respectively, compared with those with the major allele (P=8.89E-150 and P=4.75E-68, respectively). Sex had an interaction with these single nucleotide polymorphisms, with males having higher plasma TG concentrations. The single nucleotide polymorphisms had significant interactions with carbohydrate, fat, and calcium intakes; alcohol consumption; and smoking status that were associated with plasma TG concentrations. Carriers with the minor allele of each single nucleotide polymorphisms had higher plasma TG concentrations when consuming-low fat (<15%) and high carbohydrate (≥72%) diets than those with major alleles. Carriers of the minor alleles with low calcium intakes (<500 mg/day) experienced elevated plasma TG concentrations compared with carriers of the major alleles. Smokers and alcohol drinkers with either of the minor alleles of APOA5, rs662799 or rs2266788, had higher plasma TG concentrations than those with its major allele. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788, especially for men, was associated with elevated TG concentrations and suggested that Korean carriers of the minor alleles could be at increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of modulating lifestyle factors to prevent dyslipidemia in people carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788.
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19
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Jun SH, Shin WK, Kim Y. Association of Soybean Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 to 2011). Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:143-157. [PMID: 31950771 PMCID: PMC7043982 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean food consumption has been considered as a possible way to lower incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) among Asians. However, results from studies investigating its efficacy on CMS in Asians have been inconsistent. METHODS We analyzed the association between soybean intake frequency and prevalence of CMS based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2011. Data of 9,287 women aged 20 to 64 years were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soybean food consumption frequency. General linear model and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the association of soybean intake quintile with CMS and its risk factors. Least square means of metabolic factors mostly showed no significant relevance except liver indexes. RESULTS Compared to participants in the 1st quintile (<2 times/week of soybean food), odds ratios (OR) for CMS and abdominal obesity (AO) in the 4th quintile (8.5 times/week<soybean food≤17 times/week) were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90), respectively. After excluding Tofu products, ORs of CMS, AO, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were lower than those without excluding Tofu products. However, results still did not show significant inverse linear trend across frequency quintiles. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that soybean intake of 8.5 to 17 times/week was inversely associated with CMS in Korean women. The relation between soybean intake >17 times/week and CMS varied depending on soybean food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hyun Jun
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yookyung Kim
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Ahn J, Kim NS, Lee BK, Park Kim S. Trends in the Intake of Fatty Acids and Their Food Source According to Obese Status Among Korean Adult Population Using KNHANES 2007-2017. Food Nutr Bull 2020; 41:77-88. [PMID: 31960712 DOI: 10.1177/0379572119898323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing obesity rates are related to energy intake with carbohydrate and fat ratio. Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2017 data, we examined the hypothesis that the fat intake and food sources of dietary fats had changed over the last 10 years according to gender and obesity status in adult population ≥19 years. METHODS The food intake of each participant was collected by the 24-hour recall method, and nutrient intake including different fatty acids was calculated. The fatty acid intakes from 7 food groups were determined according to gender and obesity status. RESULTS Body mass index increased in both genders of the obese group over the decade, but it decreased in the normal-weight group. In men, energy intake was higher in the obese group than in the lean group, but the opposite trend was shown in women. Total fat intake including various fatty acids continuously and sharply increased in both men and women until 2016, then slightly declined only in men. The source of saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was mainly from the animal food group in men and women regardless of obese status, and SFA and monounsaturated fatty acid from the animal food group gradually increased over time in both genders. N-3 fatty acid intake markedly decreased from fish and crabs and increased from sauces and nuts regardless of genders and the obese status from 2008 to 2017. Polyunsaturated fatty acid and N-6 fatty acid intake increased from bread, cookies, sauces, and nuts regardless of genders and obesity status. CONCLUSION Fat intake was higher in obese men, but this was opposite in women. The N-3 fatty acid intake from seafood should increase, and the fat composition in sauce needs to be modulated to increase N-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeouk Ahn
- Department of Medical IT Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | | | - Sunmin Park Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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21
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Kang Y, Lee K, Lee J, Kim J. Grain Subtype and the Combination of Grains Consumed Are Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of a Community-Based Prospective Cohort. J Nutr 2020; 150:118-127. [PMID: 31504681 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the prospective association between grain consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between grain intake by subtype or various combinations of grain intake and the risk of developing MetS in South Korean adults using data from a community-based prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 5717 participants (2984 men and 2733 women) aged 40-69 y without MetS were followed up for 10 y (2001-2012). Grain consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ at baseline (2001-2002) and a follow-up examination (2005-2006). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the risk of incident MetS and its components according to grain consumption (<1, 1 to <3, or ≥3 servings/d) by sex. RESULTS In total, 2218 participants (38.8%) developed MetS. Frequent consumers of whole grains (≥3 servings/d) had a lower risk of incident MetS (men-HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.63; P = 0.0001; women-HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.90; P = 0.0029), whereas frequent consumers of refined grains had a higher risk of incident MetS (men-HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.03; P < 0.0001; women-HR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.78; P < 0.0001) compared with rare consumers (<1 serving/d). The combination of low whole grains (<2 servings/d) and high refined grains (≥2 servings/d) was associated with a higher risk of MetS than the combination of high whole grains and low refined grains (men-HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.41; P = 0.012; women-HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.66; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of whole grains was associated with lower risk of incident MetS, whereas higher refined-grain consumption was associated with a higher risk in a middle-aged and older Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Kang
- Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyueun Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieul Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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22
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Liu YS, Wu QJ, Xia Y, Zhang JY, Jiang YT, Chang Q, Zhao YH. Carbohydrate intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: A dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1288-1298. [PMID: 31653521 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological association studies have reported inconsistent findings on the relationship between carbohydrate intake and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, we aimed to conduct the first dose-response meta-analysis to investigate this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science databases from their inception to June 01, 2019, together with relevant literature scrutiny, was performed to identify related studies for inclusion into the meta-analysis. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. Furthermore, subgroup, sensitivity, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses were performed. This meta-analysis included 14 cross-sectional and four cohort studies, totaling 284,638 participants and 69,554 MetS cases. The highest versus the lowest carbohydrate intake values were associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR: 1.253, 95% CI: 1.147-1.368), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 54.5%). Using dose-response analysis, we found a linear association between carbohydrate consumption and MetS risk with a corresponding OR of 1.026 (95% CI, 1.004-1.048) and with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 82.0%) at 5% energy intake from carbohydrates. We have found similar results using subgroup analyses for major study characteristics and adjustment for confounders. Sensitivity analysis further enhanced the robustness of the results, and no publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION Carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased risk of developing MetS. Therefore, additional large prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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23
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Carbohydrate and sodium intake and physical activity interact with genetic risk scores of four genetic variants mainly related to lipid metabolism to modulate metabolic syndrome risk in Korean middle-aged adults. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:919-927. [PMID: 31544728 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The present study explored genetic risk scores (GRS) of genetic variants that influence the MetS and the effect of interactions between GRS and nutrient intake on MetS risk. The genetic variants that influence MetS risk were selected by genome-wide association study after adjusting for age, sex, area of residence and BMI in 8840 middle-aged adults. GRS were calculated by summing the risk alleles of the selected SNP and divided into low (0-1), medium (2-3) and high (4-7) risk groups, and the relationships between the MetS and GRS were determined by logistic regression after adjusting covariates involved in MetS risk. We also analysed the interaction between GRS and lifestyles. Four genetic variants (APOA5_rs651821, EFCAB4B_rs4766165, ZNF259_rs2160669 and APOBEC1_rs10845640) were selected because they increased MetS risk after adjusting for covariates. Individuals with medium-GRS and high-GRS alleles had a higher MetS risk by 1·48- and 2·23-fold, respectively, compared with those with low-GRS after adjusting for covariates. The increase in MetS risk was mainly related to serum TAG and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The GRS had an interaction with carbohydrate (CHO) and Na intakes and daily physical activities for MetS risk. In conclusion, Asian middle-aged adults with high-GRS alleles were at increased MetS risk mainly due to dyslipidaemia. High daily physical activity (≥1 h moderate activity per d) reduced the MetS risk but a low-CHO diet (<65 % of total energy intake) increased the risk in carriers with high-GRS alleles. Low Na intake (<1·6 g Na intake/4 MJ) did not decrease its risk.
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Julibert A, Bibiloni MDM, Tur JA. Dietary fat intake and metabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:887-905. [PMID: 31377181 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of coexisting cardiovascular risk factors. The role of specific dietary fats was reemphasized by dietary recommendations. This systematic review aims to assess evidence for the effect of dietary fat intake on MetS occurrence and reversion in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The MEDLINE database was used to search the existing literature. We included observational studies that analyzed dietary fat intake in adults with MetS and clinical trials that compared the effects of different dietary fat diets on MetS and/or its components. Thirty articles were selected (14 observational and 16 clinical trials), and we included information of dietary fat and fatty acids as well as MetS, body mass index, cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes in adults. SFA intake was found to be positively associated with MetS components. Most of the observational reviewed studies found beneficial associations between MUFA and PUFA (including n-3 and n-6 subtypes) intake and MetS components. Clinical trials also supported the benefits of MUFA- or PUFA-enriched diets (including low-fat diets) in reducing MetS. CONCLUSIONS The effects of dietary SFAs on MetS will be influenced by other specific nutrients. Replacement of SFA by MUFA and PUFA has been associated with a decrease in MetS. Dietary recommendations should emphasize on different qualities of fat intake, not only to reduce total fat intake, to obtain health benefits in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Julibert A, Bibiloni MDM, Mateos D, Angullo E, Tur JA. Dietary Fat Intake and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081901. [PMID: 31416272 PMCID: PMC6723812 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer worldwide. Objective: To assess fat intake in older adults with or without MetS. Design: Cross-sectional nutritional survey in older adults living in the Balearic Islands (n = 477, 48% women, 55–80 years old) with no previous CVD. Methods: Assessment of fat (total fat, MUFA, PUFA, SFA, TFA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, marine and non-marine ω-3 FA, animal fat and vegetable fat, cholesterol) and macronutrient intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and its comparison with recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC). Results: Participants with MetS showed higher BMI, lower physical activity, higher total fat and MUFA intake, and lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, and fiber than participants without MetS. Men and women with MetS were below the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) proposed by IOM for carbohydrates and above the AMDR for total fat and MUFAs, and women were below the AMDR proposed for α-linolenic acid (ALA) compared with participants without MetS. Conclusions: Subjects with MetS were less likely to meet IOM and SENC recommendations for fat and macronutrient intakes as compared to non-MetS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Escarlata Angullo
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Escola Graduada Primary Health Care Center, IBSalut, 07001 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Mohan V, Unnikrishnan R, Shobana S, Malavika M, Anjana RM, Sudha V. Are excess carbohydrates the main link to diabetes & its complications in Asians? Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:531-538. [PMID: 30666980 PMCID: PMC6366262 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1698_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates form the major source of energy in Asian diets. The carbohydrate quantity and quality play a vital function in the prevention and management of diabetes. High glycaemic index foods elicit higher glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) through beta-cell exhaustion. This article reviews the evidence associating dietary carbohydrates to the prevalence and incidence of T2D and metabolic syndrome (MS) in control of diabetes and their role in the complications of diabetes. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show that higher carbohydrate diets are linked to higher prevalence and incidence of T2D. However, the association seems to be stronger in Asian-Indians consuming diets high in carbohydrates and more marked on a background of obesity. There is also evidence for high carbohydrate diets and risk for MS and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the quality of carbohydrates is also equally important. Complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, legumes, pulses and green leafy vegetables are good carbs. Conversely, highly polished rice or refined wheat, sugar, glucose, highly processed foods such as cookies and pastries, fruit juice and sweetened beverages and fried potatoes or French fries are obviously ‘bad’ carbs. Ultimately, it is all a matter of balance and moderation in diet. For Indians who currently consume about 65-75 per cent of calories from carbohydrates, reducing this to 50-55 per cent and adding enough protein (20-25%) especially from vegetable sources and the rest from fat (20-30%) by including monounsaturated fats (e.g. groundnut or mustard oil, nuts and seeds) along with a plenty of green leafy vegetables, would be the best diet prescription for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases such as T2D and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre & Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Department of Diabetology, Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre & Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - S Shobana
- Department of Foods Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - M Malavika
- Department of Foods Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R M Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre & Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - V Sudha
- Department of Foods Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Sales MC, Oliveira LP, Liberalino LCP, Cunha ATO, Sousa SES, Lemos TMAM, Lima SCVC, Lima KC, Sena-Evangelista KCM, Pedrosa LFC. Frequency of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in institutionalized elderly individuals. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:2453-2464. [PMID: 30555225 PMCID: PMC6280900 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s177731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population aging generally accompanies an increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MS). Nursing homes have provided a solution for the decreased ability of elderly individuals for self-care and familial difficulties in meeting the health care needs of elderly individuals. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of MS and its associated factors in elderly individuals living in nursing homes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 202 institutionalized elderly individuals. MS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors were assessed to verify their association with MS by logistic regression. RESULTS The MS frequency was 29.2%. The most frequent MS components were low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (63.9%) and abdominal obesity (42.7%). Factors associated with MS were female sex (prevalence ratio [PR]=2.16; 95% CI, 1.04-4.49), age-adjusted institutionalization time >50% (PR=2.38, 95% CI, 1.46-3.88), and high concentrations of interleukin-6 (PR=2.01; 95% CI, 1.21-3.32) and tumor necrosis factor-α (PR=1.70; 95% CI, 1.05-2.77). Moreover, it was verified that the likelihood of having MS was 1.85-fold higher (95% CI, 1.11-3.10) in the group with a diet characterized by very high energy, very low fat, and high dietary fiber. CONCLUSION The occurrence of MS in institutionalized elderly individuals was higher in females, and individuals with longer age-adjusted institutionalization time, higher concentrations of immunologic biomarkers, and a dietary intake consisting of higher energy and fiber and lower total fat. The results of the study are useful for guiding health care programs aimed at institutionalized elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Cristina Sales
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Larissa Praça Oliveira
- School of Nutrition, Potiguar University (Laureate International Universities), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Tuane Oliveira Cunha
- School of Nutrition, Potiguar University (Laureate International Universities), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sara Estefani Soares Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria Araujo Moura Lemos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Kenio Costa Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Park S, Liu M, Kang S. Alcohol Intake Interacts with CDKAL1, HHEX, and OAS3 Genetic Variants, Associated with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by Lowering Insulin Secretion in Korean Adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2326-2336. [PMID: 30207601 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since alcohol intake increases the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Koreans, we tested the hypothesis that the interactions of genetic variants involved in β-cell function and mass with alcohol intake increase the T2DM risk. METHODS The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by genome-wide association study for insulin secretion after adjusting for age, gender, area of residence, body mass index, and alcohol intake (p < 1 × 10-4 ) in 8,842 middle-aged adults in the Ansan/Ansung cohort. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated by summing the risk alleles of 4 selected SNPs, CDKAL1 rs7754840 and rs9460546, HHEX rs5015480, and OAS3 rs2072134. The GRSs were categorized into 3 groups by tertiles, and the association between GRS and insulin secretion was measured using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors in the Ansan/Ansung cohort. The results were confirmed by the Rural cohort. RESULTS HOMA-IR was higher and HOMA-B was much lower in the High-GRS than the Low-GRS in both cohorts. T2DM risk was higher by approximately 1.5-fold in the High-GRS than in the Low-GRS in both cohorts. In the High-GRS group, HOMA-B decreased by 0.89- and 0.62-fold in comparison with the Low-GRS in the Ansan/Ansung cohort and Rural cohort. The GRS interacted with alcohol intake to increase the risk of developing T2DM in the Ansan/Ansung cohort (p = 0.036) and Rural cohort (p = 0.071). The risk of T2DM increased in the High-GRS group with high alcohol intake and it was associated with decreased HOMA-B. High alcohol intake decreased HOMA-B regardless of GRS, and HOMA-B was lower in the descending order of Medium-GRS, Low-GRS, and High-GRS. However, HOMA-IR was not altered by alcohol intake, but was elevated in the High-GRS more than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with a High-GRS had an elevated risk of T2DM even with moderate alcohol intakes due to lower HOMA-B. High alcohol intake appears to be a risk factor for all Asians regardless of alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Meiling Liu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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Camacho S. Comments on “Low carbohydrate diets may increase risk of neural tube defects”. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:913. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Carrying minor allele of FADS1 and haplotype of FADS1 and FADS2 increased the risk of metabolic syndrome and moderate but not low fat diets lowered the risk in two Korean cohorts. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:831-842. [PMID: 29779171 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Delta-5-desaturase (fatty acid desaturase-1, FADS1) and delta-6 desaturase (fatty acid desaturase-2, FADS2), rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, may be associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated how FADS1 rs174547 and FADS2 rs2845573 variants modify the prevalence of MetS and whether the risk is modulated by interactions with dietary fat. METHODS Genetic, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data were collected from the Ansan/Ansung (8842 adults) and City-Rural (5512 adults) cohorts in Korea. The association between FADS1 rs174547(C/T) and FADS2 rs2845573(C/T) variants and MetS was analyzed, as was the interaction of genotypes and fatty acid intake and the risk of MetS after adjusting for MetS-related confounders. RESULTS Carriers of FADS1 rs174547 and FADS2 rs2845573 minor alleles had lower serum HDL-cholesterol and glucose levels and higher triglyceride levels than those with major alleles. Ansan/Ansung cohort individuals with FADS1 minor alleles or haplotypes of FADS1 and FADS2 minor alleles had increased risk of MetS, including lower serum HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels and blood pressure after adjusting for MetS-related confounders. The City-Rural cohort showed similar results. Total fat intake showed interactions with FADS1 and haplotype variants on MetS risk: MetS frequency was reduced in people consuming moderate fat diets as compared to low fat diets in FADS1 and haplotype of FADS1 and FADS2 major alleles. CONCLUSION Korean carriers of the FADS1 rs174547 and FADS2 rs2845573 minor alleles have a greater susceptibility to MetS and moderate fat intake protected against the risk of MetS in carriers of the FADS1 major alleles.
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Fan LL, Su HX, Gu XJ, Chen YH, Nan CJ. Carbohydrate intake and the risk of prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:60-71. [PMID: 29778541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading cause cancer among men worldwide. Many epidemiologic studies have reported an association between carbohydrate intake and PCa. However, the evidence from epidemiologic studies is inconsistent. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the associations between carbohydrate intake and PCa risk and to investigate potential dose-response relationships. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies published from 1980 to 2018. 21 studies were included with 98,739 participants and 11,573 cases. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effect models. Potential dose-response relationships were evaluated for PCa risk. RESULTS We did not detect an association about higher carbohydrate intake and PCa risk (OR:1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1. 26, I2 = 62.7%), nor association was detected about higher carbohydrate intake with advanced PCa risk (OR:0.95, 95% CI: 0.78-1.16, I2 = 14.1%) or non-advanced Pca risk (OR:1.01, 95% CI: 0.79-1.29, I2 = 64.4%). There was not a significant dose-response association observed for carbohydrate intake with PCa risk and advanced PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows no association between carbohydrate intake and prostate cancer risk. Nor is association detected about carbohydrate intake with advanced or non-advanced Pca risk. More studies are needed for a further dose-response meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Lai Fan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hong Xia Su
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xi Jie Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ying He Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Cun Jin Nan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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Hong KW, Kim SH, Zhang X, Park S. Interactions among the variants of insulin-related genes and nutrients increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res 2018; 51:82-92. [PMID: 29673546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Asians easily develops type 2 diabetes (T2DM) since they have insufficient glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in insulin resistant states. Since this may be associated with genetic background, the hypothesis of this study was that inter-genetic and gene-nutrient interactions may explain the low insulin secretory capacity of Asians. Accordingly, we identified the best gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) in a large Korean cohort (n=8,842). Initially, we used 105 genetic variants associated with GSIS to identify the best gene-gene interaction model using the GMDR method. The best model included six SNPs, FNBP1L-rs4847428, FNBP1L-rs23766, GLIS3-rs2027393, GLIS3-rs3892354, GLIS3-rs486163 and DLC1-rs17093957. For each individual, we obtained the genetic risk scores based on the best model (GRSBM) to predict the GSIS levels. The GRSBM were divided into low, medium and high groups, and the association between T2DM and the GRSBM was measured using logistic regression. We analyzed the interaction between the GRSBM and the nutrition intakes. The adjusted odds ratios for T2DM risk increased by 1.701 fold in the high-score group compared to the low-score group. HOMA-B, an index of insulin secretion capacity, but not insulin resistance index was much lower in the high-score group than the low-score group. The association between the GRSBM and T2DM risk was greater in subjects with high energy intakes and low Ca intake, than those with low energy intake and high Ca intake. The high-score group was susceptible to T2DM incidence due to lower GSIS than the low-score group especially in subjects with high energy intake. In conclusion, the hypothesis of the study was accepted. These findings suggested that individuals with high GRSBM of the 6 genes in the model should avoid diets in high energy and low in calcium (<500 mg/day) to protect against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Hong
- Division of Personal Genome Service, Theragen Etex Bio Institute Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xin Zhang
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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Kim CG, Kim Y. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of the Metabolic Syndrome in Pre-menopausal Housewives: An Analysis of the 2010~2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Gyu Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngji Kim
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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People with the major alleles of ATP2B1 rs17249754 increases the risk of hypertension in high ratio of sodium and potassium, and low calcium intakes. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:787-794. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Metabolic Syndrome Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070703. [PMID: 28684692 PMCID: PMC5537818 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk have demonstrated inconsistent results. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher circulating n-3 PUFAs and dietary n-3 PUFAs intake have a protective effect on MetS risk. A systematic literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted up to March 2017. Odd ratios (ORs) from case-control and cross-sectional studies were combined using a random-effects model for the highest versus lowest category. The differences of n-3 PUFAs between healthy subjects and patients with MetS were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Seven case-control and 20 cross-sectional studies were included. A higher plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs was associated with a lower MetS risk (Pooled OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.81). The plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs in controls was significantly higher than cases (WMD: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.43), especially docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, no significant association was found between dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish and MetS risk. The present study provides substantial evidence of a higher circulating n-3 PUFAs associated with a lower MetS risk. The circulating n-3 PUFAs can be regarded as biomarkers indicating MetS risk, especially DPA and DHA.
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Cho NH, Cho AK, Kim HK, Kim JB, Lee KE, Kim SS, Kim YJ, Jang HC, Baik I. Carbohydrate Composition Associated with the 2-Year Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Clin Nutr Res 2017; 6:122-129. [PMID: 28503508 PMCID: PMC5426208 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2017.6.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between macronutrient composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence in Korean adults. Data were obtained from a cohort of 10,030 members aged 40 to 69 years who were enrolled from the 2 cities (Ansung and Ansan) between 2001 and 2002 to participate in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Of these members, 5,565 participants, who were free of MetS and reported no diagnosis of cardiovascular disease at baseline, were included in this study. MetS was defined using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III and Asia-Pacific criteria for waist circumference. MetS incidence rate were identified during a 2-year follow-up period. Baseline dietary information was obtained using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the quartiles of percentages of total calorie from macronutrients consumed and MetS incidence. In analyses, baseline information, including age, sex, body mass index, income status, educational status, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and physical activity level was considered as confounding variables. Participants with the second quartile of the percentages of carbohydrate calorie (67%–70%) had a 23% reduced odds ratio (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.97) for MetS incidence compared with those with the fourth quartile after adjusting for confounding variables. The findings suggest that middle aged or elderly Korean adults who consume approximately 67%–70% of calorie from carbohydrate have a reduced risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ara K Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Index, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon 28159, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Kim
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Index, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon 28159, Korea
| | - Hak C Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Inkyung Baik
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University College of Science and Technology, Seoul 02707, Korea
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