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Wang S, Lu Q, Zhang D, Wang L, Jin H, Zhou Y, Ma R. Mediation effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in caregivers of patients with first-stroke in China: a cross-sectional survey. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:595-603. [PMID: 38375811 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2318087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-efficacy, perceived social support, and resilience in caregivers of first-stroke patients are closely related, while the interaction mechanism remains unclear. This research explores the mediation effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in caregivers of first-stroke patients in China. METHODS Convenience sampling was designed and used to recruit participants from the General Hospital of Northern Theater in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, from February to October 2022, in which 207 self-reported participants completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES). In addition, the mediation effect of self-efficacy between perceived social support and resilience was determined by the PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULT Among the 207 caregivers of patients with first-stroke, the mean CD-RISC, MSPPS and GSES scores were (72.17 ± 11.28), (71.17 ± 8.99), and (29.64 ± 5.03) respectively. Caregivers' self-efficacy was positively correlated with perceived social support (r = 0.439, p < 0.01) and resilience (r = 0.730, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy served a mediation function partially between perceived social support and resilience, whose effect accounted for 52.90% of the total. CONCLUSION Both simple and mediation roles of perceived social support and self-efficacy are established in the relationship of resilience among caregivers of first-stroke patients. Positive social support and self-efficacy are two important targets for future interventional studies, and interventions on them may synergistically improve resilience. Hence, the nurses and community workers should correctly evaluate social support and self-efficacy, confirm the health education requirements, and implement counseling intervention to protect and improve the health of first-stroke patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Lu
- Department of Nursing, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Injured Management, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongxu Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ruihang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Ko CJ, Lee SK, Li YC. Parenting and family life experiences of mothers diagnosed with schizophrenia within Chinese cultural context. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:628-638. [PMID: 38193279 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Parenting experiences are a great challenge but also a meaningful achievement for mothers diagnosed with schizophrenia (MDWSs). Most previous studies focused on the parenting experiences of Chinese mothers diagnosed with depression rather than those diagnosed with schizophrenia, who usually experience psychiatric symptoms. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Unlike in Western society, Chinese society is characterised by a family-centred culture. This study insightfully explores MDWSs' parenting and family life experiences addressing their intrapersonal mindsets, interpersonal connections with family members across generations and extrapersonal roles such as traditional social expectations as a mother, wife and daughter-in-law. While Western studies have mainly focused on MDWSs' personal resilience, this study insightfully explored MDWSs' resilient dimensions including their personal, familial and cultural issues within the Chinese society. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: This study develops a comprehensive and professional understanding of the parenting experiences and family interactions of MDWSs who struggle to achieve their motherly role and re-establish connections with intimate family members. The findings highlight the following important considerations when offering family-based nursing cares: (1) assess power relationships, familial dynamics and cultural influences between MDWSs and their family members; (2) extend family members' involvement, such as parents-in-law, while offering psychoeducation to MDWSs and their family members. ABSTRACT: Introduction In Chinese culture, raising the next generation is recognised as a crucial family matter involving intergenerational participation. Mothers diagnosed with schizophrenia (MDWSs) usually experience high stress due to psychiatric symptoms, different parenting values across generations and traditional expectations associated with motherly roles. MDWSs need urgent professional assistance. Aim To explore MDWSs' parenting experiences and family life in Chinese cultural contexts. Method In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 MDWSs. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analyses. Results The superordinate theme was identified as 'You are not a qualified mother'. Three major themes were elicited: experiencing crises in parenting, family life and self-stability; striving to be a good mother and wife under humiliation; and developing wisdom and courage to move forward. Discussion A dehumanised attitude of family members in a paternalistic culture was found. While Western society focuses on personal resilience and family-based nursing care for nuclear families, Chinese society intensively focuses on MDWSs' relationship with nuclear family members as well as extended family members such as parents-in-law. Implications for Practice The results highlighted the significance of culturally sensitive nursing care for MDWSs and family-centred psychoeducation that clarifies familial dynamics and improves effective communication between MDWSs and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ju Ko
- School of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tsaotun Psychiatric Centre of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Li
- Department of Nursing, Nanshi Hospital, Da Chien Heal Medical System, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Hu B, Huang Y, Yao X, Chen C. Facilitating the coping and development of college students with mental disorders: a positive clinical psychology approach. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1373668. [PMID: 38919798 PMCID: PMC11197450 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1373668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In serving college students with mental disorders, on-campus mental health professionals have been lacking integrative theoretical frameworks to guide their missions of prevention, remedy, and development facilitation. In the current paper, we propose the positive clinical psychology as a theoretically and practically valuable framework for these missions by narratively reviewing the preventive, remedial, and developmental mechanisms derived from the theory and summarizing the most recent empirical evidence that supports each mechanism. We further discuss why and how these mechanisms and findings can be applied to on-campus mental health services to facilitate the resilience and optimal development of college students with mental disorders. Particularly, the use of resilience-focused and strength-based intervention strategies are promoted for services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chaoyang Chen
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Gooding P, Haddock G, Harris K, Asriah M, Awenat Y, Cook L, Drake RJ, Emsley R, Huggett C, Jones S, Lobban F, Marshall P, Pratt D, Peters S. The interplay between suicidal experiences, psychotic experiences and interpersonal relationships: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:873. [PMID: 38001403 PMCID: PMC10668454 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal thoughts, acts, plans and deaths are considerably more prevalent in people with non-affective psychosis, including schizophrenia, compared to the general population. Social isolation and interpersonal difficulties have been implicated in pathways which underpin suicidal experiences in people with severe mental health problems. However, the interactions between psychotic experiences, such as hallucinations and paranoia, suicidal experiences, and the presence, and indeed, absence of interpersonal relationships is poorly understood and insufficiently explored. The current study sought to contribute to this understanding. METHODS An inductive thematic analysis was conducted on transcripts of 22, individual, semi-structured interviews with adult participants who had both non-affective psychosis and recent suicidal experiences. A purposive sampling strategy was used. Trustworthiness of the analysis was assured with researcher triangulation. RESULTS Participants relayed both positive and negative experiences of interpersonal relationships. A novel conceptual model is presented reflecting a highly complex interplay between a range of different suicidal experiences, psychosis, and aspects of interpersonal relationships. Three themes fed into this interplay, depicting dynamics between perceptions of i. not mattering and mattering, ii. becoming disconnected from other people, and iii. constraints versus freedom associated with sharing suicidal and psychotic experiences with others. CONCLUSION This study revealed a detailed insight into ways in which interpersonal relationships are perceived to interact with psychotic and suicidal experiences in ways that can be both beneficial and challenging. This is important from scientific and clinical perspectives for understanding the complex pathways involved in suicidal experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03114917), 14th April 2017. ISRCTN (reference ISRCTN17776666 .); 5th June 2017). Registration was recorded prior to participant recruitment commencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kamelia Harris
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Menita Asriah
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yvonne Awenat
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Leanne Cook
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Huggett
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Jones
- Lancashire and South Cumbria, NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fiona Lobban
- Lancashire and South Cumbria, NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paul Marshall
- Lancashire and South Cumbria, NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Sicotte R, Iyer SN, Lacourse É, Séguin JR, Abdel-Baki A. Heterogeneity in the Course of Suicidal Ideation and its Relation to Suicide Attempts in First-Episode Psychosis: A 5-Year Prospective Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:850-859. [PMID: 37071553 PMCID: PMC10590090 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231167387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the risk of suicide is high in first-episode psychosis (FEP), little is known about the course of suicidal ideation and its relation to suicide attempts. Therefore, we aimed to identify 5-year trajectories of suicidal ideation and associated factors in FEP and compare how suicide attempts were distributed across these identified trajectories. METHOD This 5-year prospective study assessed suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and potentially associated factors through research interviews, chart review and coroners' reports in 382 FEP patients [mean age = 23.53 (SD = 3.61)] admitted to 2 5-year early psychosis services in Montreal, Canada. Trajectories were identified using a semiparametric mixture model, and associated factors with multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Three suicidal ideation trajectories were identified: low and decreasing (n = 325, 85.08%); early decline, then increasing (n = 30, 7.85%), and persistent suicidal ideation (n = 27, 7.07%). Suicidal ideation prior to admission (OR = 2.85, 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.63, P < 0.05) and cocaine use disorder (OR = 6.78, 95% CI, 1.08 to 42.75, P < 0.05) were associated with the early decline, then increasing suicidal ideation trajectory. Persons with prior suicide ideation (OR = 4.33, 95% CI, 1.66 to 11.29, P < 0.05) and attempts (OR = 8.18, 95% CI, 2.39 to 27.97, P < 0.001) and alcohol use disorder (OR = 3.63, 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.42, P < 0.05) were more likely to belong to the persistent suicidal ideation trajectory, and to attempt suicide during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights heterogeneity in the course of suicidal ideation over 5 years and the importance of ongoing assessment of suicidal risk in FEP patients, particularly for patients who persistently report suicidal ideation, as they are likelier to engage in suicide attempts. Patients with factors associated with increasing or persistent suicidal ideation trajectories should be targeted for suicide prevention interventions from the early phase of follow-up. Given the small number of persons in these trajectories and the wide CIs for some factors, larger studies are however needed to further characterize who belongs in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Sicotte
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Srividya N. Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Lacourse
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean R. Séguin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Wu M, Dai S, Wang R, Yang S. The relationship between uncertainty and acute procedure anxiety among surgical patients in Chinese mainland: the mediating role of resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:796. [PMID: 37915033 PMCID: PMC10619271 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery, as one of the main diagnostic and treatment methods, is a routine work in medical settings. Patients undergoing surgery often experience acute procedure anxiety due to uncertainty. There is ample evidence showing that uncertainty is a risk factor for the acute procedure anxiety in surgical patients. However, little is known about the psychological processes mediating this relationship. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate resilience as a mediator of the association between uncertainty and anxiety. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey with a convenience sampling method was conducted, involving 243 surgical patients in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province of China was carried out. Relevant data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires, including demographic characteristics questionnaire, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS-C), Mishel's Illness Uncertainty Scale (MUIS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine correlations between various variables. A path model was used to assess the mediation effect of resilience with respect to uncertainty and acute procedure anxiety. RESULTS In the path model, uncertainty have an indirect effect on acute procedure anxiety through resilience. The results suggest that resilience has a mediating role in uncertainty and acute procedure anxiety among surgical patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings call for the development of interventions targeting the role of resilience in effectively predicting and preventing acute procedure anxiety and uncertainty among surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- The graduate school of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suwan Dai
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- The graduate school of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Silan Yang
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Van Denend J, Ford K, Berg P, Edens EL, Cooke J. The Body, the Mind, and the Spirit: Including the Spiritual Domain in Mental Health Care. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:3571-3588. [PMID: 35852727 PMCID: PMC9294786 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article supports the expansion of Engel's (Science (AAAS) 196(4286):129-136, 1977) biopsychosocial model into a biopsychosocial-spiritual model, as Sulmasy (The Gerontologist 42(5):24-33, 2002) and others have suggested. It utilizes case studies to describe five areas of clinical work within mental health (religious grandiosity, depression and grief, demoralization and suicidality, moral injury, and opioid use disorder) with emerging evidence for the inclusion of the spiritual domain in addition to the biological, psychological, and social. For each clinical area, an underutilization of the spiritual domain is compared with a more developed and integrated use. An argument is made for continuing to develop, understand, and utilize a biopsychosocial-spiritual model in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Van Denend
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Kayla Ford
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Pauline Berg
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Ellen L Edens
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Cooke
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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Çapar A, Çuhadar D. Correlation between psychological resilience and suicide probability in patients with psychiatric disorder. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1442-1448. [PMID: 34523123 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It was aimed to evaluate the correlation between psychological resilience and possibility of suicide in psychiatric patients. DESIGN AND METHODS The data of the research were collected using "Individual Information Form", "Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA)," and "Suicide Probability Scale (SPS)". FINDINGS It was found that the mean total score of SPS was 70.97 ± 12.82 and moderate risk, the mean total score of RSA was 112.50 ± 25.38, and the levels of psychological resilience were at a good level. It has been determined that patients with low levels of psychological resilience have a higher risk of committing suicide. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings show that a high level of resilience reduces the risk of suicide. Implementing interventions to improve psychological resilience will help prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çapar
- Department of Health Care Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Döndü Çuhadar
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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9
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Garg S, Chauhan A, Singh S, Bansal K. Epidemiological risk factors of suicidal behavior and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior in medical students: An institution-based cross-sectional study in India. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:377-386. [PMID: 36060717 PMCID: PMC9435614 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_407_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior in medical students can be triggered by mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies, and might have a negative impact on their quality of life. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 531 medical students for a period of two months from February to March 2021. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale was used to measure suicidal behavior. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the Brief-COPE Inventory to classify the coping components. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior. RESULTS A total of 104 respondents (19.6%) had reported an SBQ-R cutoff score of ≥7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan and attempt was 20.3%, 10.3% and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students with one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation (SD) = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (OR = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9) and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage and proactive student counselling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Garg
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Kirti Bansal
- Department of English Tutor, Kirori Mal College, New Delhi, India
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Garg S, Chauhan A, Singh S, Bansal K. Epidemiological Risk Factors of Suicidal Behavior and Effects of the Components of Coping Strategies on Suicidal Behavior in Medical Students: A North-Indian Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022; 13:382-392. [PMID: 35946011 PMCID: PMC9357490 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies can be a cause of suicidal behavior in medical students.
Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students
Methodology
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a college located in North India for a period of 2 months from February to March 2021. A total of 531 study participants (calculated sample size) were selected, and then allocated proportionally to each academic year, both through stratified random sampling technique. Then, the participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and coping inventory. A pretest was done to modify the coping inventory and then exploratory factor analysis was performed on it to classify the components of coping strategies. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior.
Results
A total of 104 (19.6%) respondents had reported SBQ-R cutoff score > 7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 20.3, 10.3, and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students, with 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (odds ratio [OR] = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9), and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior.
Conclusion
The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage, and proactive student counseling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies, should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Garg
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Kirti Bansal
- Department of Literature, Kirori Mal College, New Delhi, India
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Gooding PA, Harris K, Haddock G. Psychological Resilience to Suicidal Experiences in People with Non-Affective Psychosis: A Position Paper. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3813. [PMID: 35409502 PMCID: PMC8997645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the psychological factors which underpin pathways to suicidal experiences. It is equally as important to understand how people develop and maintain resilience to such psychological factors implicated in suicidal experiences. Exploring optimal routes to gaining this understanding of resilience to suicidal thoughts and acts in people with severe mental health problems, specifically non-affective psychosis, was the overarching aim of this position paper. There are five central suggestions: 1. investigating resilience to suicidal experiences has been somewhat over-looked, especially in those with severe mental health problems such as schizophrenia; 2. it appears maximally enlightening to use convergent qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods to develop a comprehensive understanding of resilience to suicide; 3. relatedly, involving experts-by-experience (consumers) in suicide research in general is vital, and this includes research endeavours with a focus on resilience to suicide; 4. evidence-based models of resilience which hold the most promise appear to be buffering, recovery and maintenance approaches; and 5. there is vast potential for contemporary psychological therapies to develop and scaffold work with clients centred on building and maintaining resilience to suicidal thoughts and acts based on different methodological and analytical approaches which involve both talking and non-talking approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M25 3BL, UK
| | - Kamelia Harris
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M25 3BL, UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M25 3BL, UK
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12
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Angelakis I, Gooding P. Associations of anxiety and depression with suicide experiences in individuals with and without childhood trauma: The role of social support. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114424. [PMID: 35121339 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
No studies have examined the differences and similarities between individuals with and without experiences of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse in relation to anxiety and depression severity, perceived social support, and suicide experiences. Furthermore, whether the strength of these associations differs between these two groups, and whether the buffering role of perceived social support is equally effective, remain unknown. This study, which was based on 842 British participants, aimed to address these gaps. There were three key findings: i) abused individuals reported significantly more severe depression, anxiety, and suicide experiences, and lower social support, ii) the associations between depression, anxiety, and suicide experiences did not differ between these groups, whereas the association between social support and suicide experiences was more pronounced in abused individuals, and iii) perceived social support acted as a moderator of the association between depression and suicide experiences in both groups. These findings are important because they suggest that for the individuals with childhood trauma perceptions of being less supported by their significant others may lead to suicide acts. Furthermore, perceptions of being socially supported appeared to weaken the association between depression and suicide experiences equally in individuals with and without childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelakis
- University of South Wales, School of Psychology, Pontypridd, Wales, CF37 1DL, UK.
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, UK
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13
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Wang LY, Li MZ, Jiang XJ, Han Y, Liu J, Xiang TT, Zhu ZM. Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Resilience in Patients with Recurrent Schizophrenia in China. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1299-1308. [PMID: 35799800 PMCID: PMC9255992 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s368695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 176 patients with recurrent schizophrenia who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Hunan Province, China, completed a general data questionnaire, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the General Self-Efficacy Energy Scale (GSES). RESULTS Among the 176 patients, the mean GSES score was 2.02±0.61, the mean PSSS score was 56.77±14.61, and the mean CD-RISC score was 58.06±17.26. Self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between social support and resilience, and the mediating effect accounted for 42.56% of the total effect. CONCLUSION The resilience level of patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China is moderate and needs to be improved. This research revealed that self-efficacy played a part in mediating perceived social support and resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. Perceived social support can indirectly affect resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia through self-efficacy. Comprehensive interventions in perceived social support and self-efficacy would help to improve the resilience of patients with recurrent schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Wang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhi Li
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Jiang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuang, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Xiang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Min Zhu
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen JJ, Wang QL, Li HP, Zhang T, Zhang SS, Zhou MK. Family resilience, perceived social support, and individual resilience in cancer couples: Analysis using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 52:101932. [PMID: 33799020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the impact of family resilience on the individual resilience of couples during cancer and explore the potential mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of sex in this association in cancer patient-spouse dyads. METHOD The participants were 272 cancer patients and their spouses (N = 544) who completed the Family Resilience Assessment Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Resilience Scale. We adopted the actor-partner interdependence mediation model to examine whether and how patients' and their spouses' family resilience was associated with their own and their partners' perceived social support and individual resilience. RESULTS The results indicated that the patients' and their spouses' level of family resilience was positively associated with their own individual resilience directly and indirectly by increasing their own perceived social support. The family resilience of the spouses was associated with an increase in the patients' individual resilience only indirectly by increasing the patients' perceived social support. The spouse-actor effects between family resilience and individual resilience differed significantly by sex. CONCLUSION Enhancing family resilience and perceived social support within the family can improve individual resilience. The findings regarding the sex differences serve as a rationale for gender-based approaches to improving individual resilience in the family context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Chen
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan-Lan Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Meng-Ke Zhou
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Lök N, Bademli K. The Relationship Between the Perceived Social Support and Psychological Resilience in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:387-391. [PMID: 32591991 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived social support and psychological resilience levels of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The study was designed as a descriptive relational study and conducted in Community Mental Health Center. Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used for data collection. There were significant, positive and high correlations between RSA and MSPSS. Findings of this study may be referenced in the development of resilience-based nursing caring models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Lök
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kerime Bademli
- Psychiatric Nursing Department Campus, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07058, Turkey.
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16
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Lee YY, Seet V, Chua YC, Verma SK, Subramaniam M. Growth in the Aftermath of Psychosis: Characterizing Post-traumatic Growth in Persons With First Episode Psychosis in Singapore. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:784569. [PMID: 35153855 PMCID: PMC8825783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.784569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiencing first episode psychosis (FEP) is a highly traumatic life event. However, there is evidence to show that the outcome of psychosis is more nuanced than was conventionally thought. Young persons with FEP can grow from the experience of psychosis. In this study, we aim to characterize post-traumatic growth (PTG) in persons with FEP over 1 year. A total of 99 FEP clients receiving services from an early psychosis intervention team in Singapore were recruited. The PTG Inventory, among other scales, like Questionnaire on the Process of Recovery and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, were administered in this population. A total of 52 participants completed the questionnaire at two timepoints (one year apart). The Reliable Change Index was calculated for participants who completed both timepoints. Repeated measures of correlation were performed, which identified personal recovery and resilience to be associated with PTG in this sample. This clinical population exhibited PTG in the aftermath of psychosis. PTG was associated with personal recovery and resilience, but not clinical indicators, like symptoms and functioning. Data from this study suggests that recovery and growth from first episode psychosis is a possibility. Clinical implications, strengths and limitations of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Seet
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Chian Chua
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swapna Kamal Verma
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Education Office, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Yao D, Lyu J, Ma Z, Champ M, Xiong Q, Li M, Li W, Mu H, Hu Y, Gao W, Jia D. Influencing Factors of Psychological Well-Being of the Non-designated Hospital Staff in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:591026. [PMID: 33613337 PMCID: PMC7889587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.591026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies report that hospital staff at the forefront of caring for COVID-19 patients experience increased psychological distress. To effectively manage the outbreak of COVID-19, China established COVID-19 designated and non-designated hospitals. To date, few studies have examined the impacts of COVID-19 on psychological health of staff working at non-designated hospitals. This study is to explore factors affecting psychological health of non-designated hospital staff in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data were collected through an online questionnaire between February and March 2020. The questionnaire consists of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), sociodemographic characteristics, employment history, health status, and contact history of COVID-19. The questionnaire was distributed through hospital WeChat groups and work colleague referrals. A total of 470 non-designated hospital staff members completed the questionnaire. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used to interpret the associations among social support, coping styles, sociodemographic factors, job roles, and psychological status. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The non-designated hospital staff differed significantly in anxiety and depression subscores of the GHQ-20 by their job roles, levels of social support, and history of mental disorders. Staff with medical job roles, good self-reported health status, no previous mental disorders, adequate social support, and positive coping styles scored lower in GHQ-20 total score, which indicated healthier psychological status. Conclusions: The results indicate that history of mental health disorders, non-medical job roles, and inadequate social support are associated with greater psychological distress. Personalized support should be provided to those who are vulnerable and in need of social and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yao
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Lyu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjuan Ma
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Champ
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Qian Xiong
- Centre for Ageing Research (C4AR), Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Mu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqing Hu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Harris K, Haddock G, Peters S, Gooding P. Psychological resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses : A systematic literature review. Psychol Psychother 2020; 93:777-809. [PMID: 31625283 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide deaths are a major concern in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. However, many people with such diagnoses do not attempt suicide, nor die by suicide, suggesting that some individuals are resilient to the impact of suicide triggers. This systematic literature review aimed to (1) appraise the evidence for psychological factors which confer resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and (2) categorize these psychological factors into broader psychological constructs which characterize resilience. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. A literature search of four electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE) was conducted. A quality evaluation of the included studies was carried out by two independent researchers using a quality assessment tool. RESULTS Psychological factors from 27 studies were categorized into four constructs: (1) perceived social support, (2) holding religious and spiritual beliefs, (3) identifying reasons for living, and (4) perceived positive personal skills and attributes. CONCLUSIONS The limited literature showed that resilience is important in understanding suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. There is a need for prospective research that investigates moderating effects of psychological resilience in the pathways to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. PRACTITIONER POINTS Novel evidence for four psychological constructs which may confer resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. Strong evidence for the impact of perceived social support and appraisals of personal skills and attributes on the severity of suicidal experiences in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. There was equivocal evidence for the effect of holding religious and spiritual beliefs on suicide attempts. Clinical practice would benefit from assessing perceived personal attributes and levels of social support from significant others and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Harris
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK.,Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK
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19
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Harris K, Gooding P, Haddock G, Peters S. Factors that contribute to psychological resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses: qualitative study. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e79. [PMID: 31496458 PMCID: PMC6737512 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of premature death in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Although exposure to stressors can play a part in the pathways to death by suicide, there is evidence that some people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia can be resilient to the impact of suicide triggers. AIMS To investigate factors that contribute to psychological resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours from the perspectives of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. METHOD A qualitative design was used, involving semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Twenty individuals with non-affective psychosis or schizophrenia diagnoses who had experience of suicide thoughts and behaviours participated in the study. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and examined using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants reported that psychological resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours involved ongoing effort. This ongoing effort encompassed: (a) understanding experiences (including reconciliation to mental health experiences and seeking reasons to live), (b) active behaviours (including talking to people and keeping occupied), and (c) relationship dynamics (including feeling supported by significant others and mental health professionals). CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience was described as a dynamic process that developed over time through the experiences of psychosis and the concomitant suicidal experiences. Psychological resilience can be understood using a multicomponential, dynamic approach that integrates buffering, recovery and maintenance resilience models. In order to nurture psychological resilience, interventions should focus on supporting the understanding and management of psychosis symptoms and concomitant suicidal experiences. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Harris
- PhD candidate, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Lecturer, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Professor of Clinical Psychology, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Lecturer, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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20
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Roviš D, Vasiljev V, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Petelin A, Drevenšek G, Peruč D, Černelič-Bizjak M. Mental health and drug use severity: the role of substance P, neuropeptide Y, self-reported childhood history of trauma, parental bonding and current resiliency. J Ment Health 2019; 30:88-96. [PMID: 31347421 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1644492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many risk factors lead to opioid use and drug-related problems. One of the challenges to understand behavioural factors, drug problems and psychopathology is to identify biological markers that are suitable for research on broad substance abuse and dependence involving human participants. AIMS The study has examined the relationships between the self-reported childhood history of trauma, parental bonding, psychopathology, impulsivity, current resiliency, two neuropeptides, possible markers of behaviour and emotion regulation, and severity of drug-related problems. METHODS One hundred and sixty-seven individuals with a history of opioid use completed questionnaires. Serum neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) levels were analysed. Moderating and mediating relationships between variables were examined using structural equation modelling (SEM). RESULTS Antisocial features, depression, impulsivity, SP, NPY, emotional neglect and resilience are associated with severity of drug-related problems. SP is associated with antisocial personality traits. CONCLUSIONS The novelty of this study is the proposed possible link between biochemical markers, antisocial features and behavioural and emotional regulation. Serum NPY and SP levels have a potential to be used as a biomarker in opioid users before and in the treatment process to account for interactions between biological vulnerabilities and childhood risk factors in predicting behavioural adjustment and more severe drug-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Roviš
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanja Vasiljev
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zala Jenko-Pražnikar
- Department of Nutritional Counselling - Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Department of Nutritional Counselling - Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Drevenšek
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Dolores Peruč
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maša Černelič-Bizjak
- Department of Nutritional Counselling - Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
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21
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Urzúa A, de Munter K, Viveros MJ, Boyer L. Differences on Quality of Life of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Multicentric Study from Three Latin-America Countries. Cult Med Psychiatry 2019; 43:326-335. [PMID: 30607876 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-018-9618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the variation on patient's Quality of Life (QoL) across three Latin-Americans countries. The study included 253 stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia from three Mental Health Services in Bolivia (N = 83), Chile (N = 85) and Peru (N = 85). Patients' were assessed using Schizophrenia Quality of Life Questionnaire (SQoL18). We collected socio-demographic information and clinical data, while recognizing the cultural complexity/dynamics of each country, and the influence of cultural contexts on how people experience the health systems. There are differences in QoL according to each country. Peru reports better levels of QoL at the Total Score Index and in most of the dimensions of the SQoL18. Bolivia shows the lowest indicators of QoL, except, interestingly, for the Resilience dimension where it reaches the highest scores. Even when the studied regions in the three Latin American countries share several cultural characteristics, there are also some important differences between them on patients' QoL. Possible disparities at investment in mental health by the Governments of each country are discussed while possible influences of (inter)cultural contexts are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koen de Munter
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J Viveros
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1520, Antofagasta, Arica, Chile
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005, Marseille, France
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22
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Zizolfi D, Poloni N, Caselli I, Ielmini M, Lucca G, Diurni M, Cavallini G, Callegari C. Resilience and recovery style: a retrospective study on associations among personal resources, symptoms, neurocognition, quality of life and psychosocial functioning in psychotic patients. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:385-395. [PMID: 31213935 PMCID: PMC6549482 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s205424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Personal resources have been identified as important factors in predicting patient healing or symptoms control in schizophrenia. This observational retrospective study aims to explore the influence of resilience and recovery style on the modalities of clinical presentation of the disease, as well as individual functioning and quality of life. Methods: Participants were patients affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders assessed at different mental health facilities. The rating scales considered are the following: Resilience Scale 10-items (RS); Recovery Style Questionnaire (RSQ); Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS); Life Skills Profile (LSP); Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: Forty-four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 46 years; the average length of the history of the disease at recruitment was 23 years with an average age at first episode of psychosis (FEP) of 23 years. General psychopathology, neurocognition, and integration recovery style can predict psychosocial functioning and explain ~54% of the LSP variance; RS total score and PANSS general psychopathology score can predict and explain ~29% of the LSP variance. A negative association between PANSS general psychopathology and LSP total score supports the need to reduce first the symptomatology, and then successfully apply other types of interventions. A strong positive association between neurocognition and life functioning was detected, showing that deficits in neurocognition have proved to be important predictors of the functional outcome. Integration was also proven to be significantly associated with a good functional outcome. Psychotic symptoms turn out to be a negative predictive factor, whereas resilience can be hypothesized as a protective factor. Conclusions: Resilience and recovery style "integration" can be considered as two complementary predictive resources for a good outcome; this result supports the need to set up personalized treatments, based on the characteristics of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zizolfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Nicola Poloni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Ivano Caselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Marta Ielmini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Giulia Lucca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Marcello Diurni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Greta Cavallini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, VA 21100, Italy
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Chen H, Xu J, Mao Y, Sun L, Sun Y, Zhou Y. Positive Coping and Resilience as Mediators Between Negative Symptoms and Disability Among Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:641. [PMID: 31551832 PMCID: PMC6748026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study proposes a schizophrenia disability model to describe the associations between negative symptoms and disability to test the possible mediating roles of positive coping and resilience and to compare the relative weights of the indirect effects of these two mediators in an integrated whole. Methods: A total of 407 hospitalized Han Chinese patients diagnosed with stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included. Patients were evaluated using the following scales: the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCQ) for positive coping, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) for resilience, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for negative symptoms, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Version II (WHO-DAS II) for the severity of disability. The schizophrenia disability distal mediation model was constructed using the structural modeling (SEM) approach. Bootstrapping procedures and the PRODCLIN program were used to examine the mediating roles of positive coping and resilience. Results: The schizophrenia disability model was well-fitted to the observed data. Positive coping and resilience together with negative symptoms explained 66% of the variance in disability. Positive coping and resilience partly mediated the negative symptoms-disability relationship. The bootstrapped unstandardized indirect effect was 0.319, and the direct effect was 0.224. Positive coping also has a significant positive effect on resilience. In addition, the ratio of the specific indirect effect of positive coping to the total indirect effect (48%) is higher than that of resilience (30%). Conclusion: Positive coping and resilience are two key causal mediators of the negative symptoms-disability relationship. Positive coping and resilience are important personal resources for patients with schizophrenia. We found that the indirect effect of positive coping was relatively more important than that of resilience. This result suggests that personalized treatments aimed at resilience and positive coping can effectively buffer the impact of negative symptoms for patients with schizophrenia and promote rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China.,School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Mao
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China.,Department of Senior Citizens Welfare, Beijing College of Social Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
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