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Chaudhury A, Swarnakar S, Pattnaik GP, Varshney GK, Chakraborty H, Basu JK. Peptide-Induced Fusion of Dynamic Membrane Nanodomains: Implications in a Viral Entry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17713-17722. [PMID: 38031897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses infect host cells via protein-mediated membrane fusion. However, insights into the microscopic rearrangement induced by the viral proteins and peptides have not yet emerged. Here, we report a new methodology to extract viral fusion peptide (FP)-mediated biomembrane dynamical nanodomain fusion parameter, λ, based on stimulated emission depletion microscopy coupled with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We also define another dynamical parameter membrane gradient, defined in terms of the ratio of average lipid diffusion coefficients across dynamic crossover length scales, ξ. Significantly, we observe that λ as well as these mobility gradients are larger in the stiffer liquid-ordered (Lo) phase compared to the liquid-disordered phase and are more effective at the smaller nanodomain interfaces, which are only present in the Lo phase. The results could possibly help to resolve a long-standing puzzle about the enhanced fusogenicity of FP in the Lo phase. Results obtained from the diffusion results have been correlated with the human immunodeficiency virus gp41 FP-induced membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Chaudhury
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shovon Swarnakar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | | | - Gopal K Varshney
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019, India
| | - Jaydeep Kumar Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
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Yang QY, Yang YL, Tang YX, Qin P, Wang G, Xie JY, Chen SX, Ding C, Huang YW, Zhu SJ. Bile acids promote the caveolae-associated entry of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus in porcine intestinal enteroids. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010620. [PMID: 35696443 PMCID: PMC9249351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbial metabolites have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of enteric viral infection. However, very little information is available about which specific microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial for swine enteric coronavirus (SECoV) infection in vivo. Using swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS)-CoV as a model, we were able to identify a greatly altered bile acid (BA) profile in the small intestine of infected piglets by untargeted metabolomic analysis. Using a newly established ex vivo model–the stem cell-derived porcine intestinal enteroid (PIE) culture–we demonstrated that certain BAs, cholic acid (CA) in particular, enhance SADS-CoV replication by acting on PIEs at the early phase of infection. We ruled out the possibility that CA exerts an augmenting effect on viral replication through classic farnesoid X receptor or Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 signaling, innate immune suppression or viral attachment. BA induced multiple cellular responses including rapid changes in caveolae-mediated endocytosis, endosomal acidification and dynamics of the endosomal/lysosomal system that are critical for SADS-CoV replication. Thus, our findings shed light on how SECoVs exploit microbiome-derived metabolite BAs to swiftly establish viral infection and accelerate replication within the intestinal microenvironment. Bile acids (BAs), a commonly studied category of microbial metabolites, have long been acknowledged to have proviral or antiviral activities. Recent studies using different swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) showed that BA play an important role in regulating viral replication in vitro. A mechanistic understanding of how BA regulates SECoV replication in small intestinal enterocytes is lacking. Herein, we utilized an emerging highly pathogenic SECoV, swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS)-CoV, which possesses the potential for zoonotic transmission, to investigate the crucial role of BA in modulating viral replication in porcine intestinal enteroids (PIEs). Our observations explain how BAs acts on epithelial cells to enhance SADS-CoV replication by inducing caveolae-mediated endocytosis and endosomal acidification, altering the dynamics of viral trafficking through the cellular endosomal/lysosomal system. Our results shed light on the role of BAs in the rapid establishment of SECoV infection within the intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Le Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Qin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Jeffrey Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao YQ, Li LJ, Zhou EF, Wang JY, Wang Y, Guo LM, Zhang XX. Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Systems for Drug Delivery: Advances and Applications. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for drug delivery due to their advantages including biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and nonimmunogenicity. However, the shortcomings of traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as insufficient targeting, capture by the reticuloendothelial system, and fast elimination limit the efficiency of drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, a series of multifunctional lipid-based nanocarriers have been developed to enhance the accumulation of drugs in the lesion site, aiming for improved diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we summarized the advances and applications of lipid-based nanocarriers from traditional to novel functional lipid preparations, including liposomes, stimuli-responsive lipid-based nanocarriers, ionizable lipid nanoparticles, lipid hybrid nanocarriers, as well as biomembrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, and further discussed the challenges and prospects of this system. This exploration may give a complete idea viewing the lipid-based nanocarriers as a promising choice for drug delivery system, and fuel the advancement of pharmaceutical products by materials innovation and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Fen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Miao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Yuan X, Sun Y, Mao X, Meng C, Tan L, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C, Liao Y. Infectious bronchitis virus entry mainly depends on clathrin mediated endocytosis and requires classical endosomal/lysosomal system. Virology 2018; 528:118-136. [PMID: 30597347 PMCID: PMC7111473 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several reports suggest that the entry of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) depends on lipid rafts and low pH, the endocytic route and intracellular trafficking are unclear. In this study, we aimed to shed greater light on early steps in IBV infection. By using chemical inhibitors, RNA interference, and dominant negative mutants, we observed that lipid rafts and low pH was indeed required for virus entry; IBV mainly utilized the clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) for entry; GTPase dynamin 1 was involved in virus containing vesicle scission; and the penetration of IBV into cells led to active cytoskeleton rearrangement. By using R18 labeled virus, we found that virus particles moved along with the classical endosome/lysosome track. Functional inactivation of Rab5 and Rab7 significantly inhibited IBV infection. Finally, by using dual R18/DiOC labeled IBV, we observed that membrane fusion was induced after 1 h.p.i. in late endosome/lysosome. Intact lipid rafts is involved in IBV entry. Low pH in intracyplasmic vesicles is required for IBV entry. IBV penetrates cells via clathrin mediated endocytosis. IBV moves along with the classical endosome/lysosome track, finally fuses with late endosome/lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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5
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Yang ST, Kreutzberger AJB, Kiessling V, Ganser-Pornillos BK, White JM, Tamm LK. HIV virions sense plasma membrane heterogeneity for cell entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700338. [PMID: 28782011 PMCID: PMC5489272 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that cholesterol in host cell membranes plays a pivotal role for cell entry of HIV. However, it remains largely unknown why virions prefer cholesterol-rich heterogeneous membranes to uniformly fluid membranes for membrane fusion. Using giant plasma membrane vesicles containing cholesterol-rich ordered and cholesterol-poor fluid lipid domains, we demonstrate that the HIV receptor CD4 is substantially sequestered into ordered domains, whereas the co-receptor CCR5 localizes preferentially at ordered/disordered domain boundaries. We also show that HIV does not fuse from within ordered regions of the plasma membrane but rather at their boundaries. Ordered/disordered lipid domain coexistence is not required for HIV attachment but is a prerequisite for successful fusion. We propose that HIV virions sense and exploit membrane discontinuities to gain entry into cells. This study provides surprising answers to the long-standing question about the roles of cholesterol and ordered lipid domains in cell entry of HIV and perhaps other enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tae Yang
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Alex J. B. Kreutzberger
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Barbie K. Ganser-Pornillos
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Judith M. White
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lukas K. Tamm
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Samatadze TE, Amosova AV, Suslina SN, Zagumennikova TN, Mel’nikova NV, Bykov VA, Zelenin AV, Muravenko OV. Comparative cytogenetic study of the tetraploid Matricaria chamomilla L. and Matricaria inodora L. BIOL BULL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359013060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Hardy GJ, Nayak R, Zauscher S. Model cell membranes: Techniques to form complex biomimetic supported lipid bilayers via vesicle fusion. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 18:448-458. [PMID: 24031164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle fusion has long provided an easy and reliable method to form supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) from simple, zwitterionic vesicles on siliceous substrates. However, for complex compositions, such as vesicles with high cholesterol content and multiple lipid types, the energy barrier for the vesicle-to-bilayer transition is increased or the required vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-substrate interactions are insufficient for vesicle fusion. Thus, for vesicle compositions that more accurately mimic native membranes, vesicle fusion often fails to form SLBs. In this paper, we review three approaches to overcome these barriers to form complex, biomimetic SLBs via vesicle fusion: (i) optimization of experimental conditions (e.g., temperature, buffer ionic strength, osmotic stress, cation valency, and buffer pH), (ii) α-helical (AH) peptide-induced vesicle fusion, and (iii) bilayer edge-induced vesicle fusion. AH peptide-induced vesicle fusion can form complex SLBs on multiple substrate types without the use of additional equipment. Bilayer edge-induced vesicle fusion uses microfluidics to form SLBs from vesicles with complex composition, including vesicles derived from native cell membranes. Collectively, this review introduces vesicle fusion techniques that can be generalized for many biomimetic vesicle compositions and many substrate types, and thus will aid efforts to reliably create complex SLB platforms on a range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Hardy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 144 Hudson Hall Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ; Tel: +1 (919) 660-5360
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8
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Samatadze TE, Amosova AV, Suslina SN, Zagumennikova TN, Tsitsilin AN, Bykov VA, Zelenin AV, Muravenko OV. A comparative analysis of karyotypes of three species of Macleaya—producers of a complex of isoquinoline alkaloids. BIOL BULL+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359012060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Rachinskaya OA, Popov KV, Ryzvanovich GA, Bol’sheva NL, Begunov RS, Yurkevich OY, Zelenin AV, Muravenko OV. Increasing the resolution of chromosome analysis using pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Hardy GJ, Nayak R, Alam SM, Shapter JG, Heinrich F, Zauscher S. Biomimetic supported lipid bilayers with high cholesterol content formed by α-helical peptide-induced vesicle fusion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 2012; 22:19506-19513. [PMID: 23914075 PMCID: PMC3728912 DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a technique to create a complex, high cholesterol-containing supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) using α-helical (AH) peptide-induced vesicle fusion. Vesicles consisting of POPC : POPE : POPS : SM : Chol (9.35 : 19.25 : 8.25 : 18.15 : 45.00) were used to form a SLB that models the native composition of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) lipid envelope. In the absence of AH peptides, these biomimetic vesicles fail to form a complete SLB. We verified and characterized AH peptide-induced vesicle fusion by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, neutron reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy. Successful SLB formation entailed a characteristic frequency shift of -35.4 ± 2.0 Hz and a change in dissipation energy of 1.91 ± 0.52 × 10-6. Neutron reflectivity measurements determined the SLB thickness to be 49.9 +1.9-1.5 Å, and showed the SLB to be 100 +0.0-0.1% complete and void of residual AH peptide after washing. Atomic force microscopy imaging confirmed complete SLB formation and revealed three distinct domains with no visible defects. This vesicle fusion technique gives researchers access to a complex SLB composition with high cholesterol content and thus the ability to better recapitulate the native HIV-1 lipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Hardy
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
| | - Rahul Nayak
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg MD 20899-6102
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
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An anti-phosphoinositide-specific monoclonal antibody that neutralizes HIV-1 infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages. Virology 2012; 430:110-9. [PMID: 22633000 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 entry into cells requires the interaction of both HIV-1 envelope proteins and membrane lipids. We investigated the mechanism of neutralization of HIV-1 infection of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) by a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) WR321. WR321 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. These phosphoinositides are present not only on the inner surface of the plasma membranes of cells but also on the surface of virions. HIV-1 acquires these lipids during the budding process. Pre-incubation of WR321 with the virus but not with MDM neutralized HIV-1 infection of MDM. Our results demonstrate that WR321 was internalized only when it was bound to HIV-1. WR321 did not prevent the entry of HIV-1 into MDM. However, once WR321 was internalized along with HIV-1 the mAb acted intracellulary to prevent the release of virions from MDM and also triggered the release of β-chemokines.
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12
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Alterations in target cell membrane phospholipids alter T cell but not NK cell killing. Immunobiology 2012; 218:21-7. [PMID: 22349517 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to grow progressively in vivo despite the host immune response remains a major conundrum in tumor immunology. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain how tumors evade immune destruction. The work presented herein shows that simple alterations in plasma membrane phospholipid composition can alter susceptibility to immune lysis. The phospholipid composition of target cells was specifically altered by growth in medium containing choline analogs. Manipulation of membrane phospholipids was observed to alter cell susceptibility to murine CTL but not NK cell lysis. The effects of such changes in phospholipid composition on CTL-mediated lysis appeared to occur during the recognition phase of lysis. This mechanism could be a means by which tumor cells, as well as other pathogenic organisms, escape immune detection and destruction.
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13
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Harris DT. Changes in plasma membrane phospholipids inhibit antibody-mediated lysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:231-6. [PMID: 22142842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain how tumors evade immune destruction. This work has identified one such mechanism that determines susceptibility to immune lysis; membrane phospholipid composition altered susceptibility to antibody plus complement (Ab+C)-mediated lysis. Effects on antibody plus complement-mediated lysis were correlated with levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules but not inherent resistance to complement damage. This cellular mechanism could be a means by which tumor cells escape immune detection and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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14
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Samatadze TE, Zelenin AV, Suslina SN, Amosova AV, Popov KV, Zagumennikova TN, Tsytsylin AN, Bykov VA, Muravenko OV. Comparative cytogenetic study of the forms of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. From different localities. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Influence of the lipid composition of biomimetic monolayers on the structure and orientation of the gp41 tryptophan-rich peptide from HIV-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2534-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Peachman KK, Wieczorek L, Matyas GR, Polonis VR, Alving CR, Rao M. The importance of antibody isotype in HIV-1 virus capture assay and in TZM-bl neutralization. Viral Immunol 2011; 23:627-32. [PMID: 21142448 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of murine IgM mAbs to five different clades of HIV-1 was examined using a modified ELISA-based virus capture assay. Two murine multispecific IgM mAbs that exhibit both lipid and gp41 epitope specificities, and one murine IgM mAb that exhibits lipid-binding specificity, were utilized. The binding of the IgG and the IgM isotypes of human mAb 2F5 to clades A through AE were also evaluated. The binding of 2F5 to HIV-1 was dependent upon the antibody isotype. Monoclonal IgM antibodies bound significantly lower amounts of HIV-1 than the corresponding IgG isotype. Although murine IgM mAbs bound HIV-1 to varying degrees in the virus capture assay, they failed to neutralize HIV-1 in a TZM-bl pseudovirus assay. In contrast, 2F5-IgM mAb bound certain HIV-1 isolates, and also neutralized them, although not as efficiently as the 2F5-IgG isotype. Studies on the relationship between virus binding and neutralization in a TZM-bl pseudovirus assay indicated that in most cases, mAbs that exhibited neutralization also bound the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Peachman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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17
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Rachinskaya OA, Lemesh VA, Muravenko OV, Yurkevich OY, Guzenko EV, Bol’sheva NL, Bogdanova MV, Samatadze TE, Popov KV, Malyshev SV, Shostak NG, Heller K, Hotyleva LV, Zelenin AV. Genetic polymorphism of flax Linum usitatissimum based on the use of molecular cytogenetic markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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The effect of sCD4 on the binding and accessibility of HIV-1 gp41 MPER epitopes to human monoclonal antibodies. Virology 2010; 408:213-23. [PMID: 20961591 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two human monoclonal anti-HIV-1 antibodies, 2F5 and 4E10, were utilized to investigate the accessibility and conservation of gp41 MPER epitopes on five different clades of HIV-1 in the absence and presence of sCD4. The binding of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to HIV-1 was dependent upon the virus clade. Soluble CD4 significantly increased the accessibility of gp41 MPER-binding epitopes on several isolates that previously showed little or no binding with 2F5 and 4E10 mAbs as determined by a modified ELISA-based virus capture assay and surface plasmon resonance. Studies on the relationship between virus binding and neutralization in a TZM-bl pseudovirus assay indicated that in most cases, mAbs that exhibited neutralization also bound the virus. However, neither binding per se nor the total envelope content per virion was a predictor of neutralization. The hidden or conformational gp41 MPER epitopes unmasked by sCD4 may provide additional targets for vaccine design.
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Beck Z, Brown BK, Wieczorek L, Peachman KK, Matyas GR, Polonis VR, Rao M, Alving CR. Human erythrocytes selectively bind and enrich infectious HIV-1 virions. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8297. [PMID: 20011536 PMCID: PMC2788743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CD4(+) cells represent the major target for HIV infection in blood, claims of complement-independent binding of HIV-1 to erythrocytes and the possible role of Duffy blood group antigen, have generated controversy. To examine the question of binding to erythrocytes, HIV-1 was incubated in vitro with erythrocytes from 30 healthy leukapheresis donors, and binding was determined by p24 analysis and adsorption of HIV-1 with reduction of infectivity for CD4(+) target cells. All of the cells, regardless of blood group type, bound HIV-1 p24. A typical preparation of erythrocytes bound <2.4% of the added p24, but erythrocytes selectively removed essentially all of the viral infectivity as determined by decreased infection of CD4(+) target cells; however, cell-associated HIV-1 was approximately 100-fold more efficient, via trans infection, than unadsorbed virus for infection of CD4(+) cells. All of the bound HIV-1 p24 was released by treatment of the cells with EDTA, and binding was optimized by adding Ca2+ and Mg2+ during the washing of erythrocytes containing bound HIV-1. Although the small number of contaminating leukocytes in the erythrocyte preparation also bound HIV-1 p24, there was no significant binding to CD4, and it thus appears that the binding occurred on leukocytes at non-CD4 sites. Furthermore, binding occurred to erythrocyte ghosts from which contaminating leukocytes had been previously removed. The results demonstrate that erythrocytes incubated in vitro with HIV-1 differentially adsorb all of the infectious HIV-1 virions (as opposed to non-infectious or degraded virions) in the absence of complement and independent of blood group, and binding is dependent on divalent cations. By analogy with HIV-1 bound to DC-SIGN on dendritic cells, erythrocyte-bound HIV-1 might comprise an important surface reservoir for trans infection of permissive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Beck
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce K. Brown
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristina K. Peachman
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mangala Rao
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Alving
- Division of Retrovirology, United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Muravenko OV, Zelenin AV. Chromosomal organization of the genomes of small-chromosome plants. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim ES, Bolsheva NL, Samatadze TE, Nosov NN, Nosova IV, Zelenin AV, Punina EO, Muravenko OV, Rodionov AV. The unique genome of two-chromosome grasses Zingeria and Colpodium, its origin, and evolution. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Neutralizing antibodies induced by liposomal HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 peptide simultaneously bind to both the 2F5 or 4E10 epitope and lipid epitopes. AIDS 2009; 23:2069-77. [PMID: 19710597 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32832faea5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a need to develop HIV-1 vaccine formulations that incorporate inexpensive antigens and clinically acceptable potent adjuvants for inducing neutralizing antibodies. The purpose of this initial vaccine study was to produce peptide- and lipid-induced murine mAbs that replicate the characteristics of the 2F5 and/or 4E10 human antibodies in binding both to the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of glycoprotein 41 and the adjacent lipid bilayer for neutralizing HIV-1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS Liposomes containing a synthetic MPER peptide as a peptide antigen, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) as a lipid antigen, and monophosphoryl lipid A as a potent adjuvant were used as a formulation to immunize mice. mAbs were then produced and tested for binding to MPER, glycoprotein 41, and PIP and for the ability to neutralize HIV-1 infection of CD4 cells in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell assay. RESULTS Polyclonal antisera contained antibodies that bound both to MPER and PIP. Immunoglobulin M mAbs were produced that bound both to the core MPER site of 2F5, or that overlapped with the 4E10 site, and that simultaneously bound PIP. High concentrations of these mAbs neutralized infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes by a primary infectious molecular clone of HIV-1. CONCLUSION Liposomes containing MPER peptide as an antigen, PIP as a lipid antigen, and lipid A as an adjuvant induce anti-MPER-specific multispecific antibodies that simultaneously bind glycoprotein 41 MPER and adjacent lipid and neutralize HIV-1 infection in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell assay.
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Beck Z, Balogh A, Kis A, Izsépi E, Cervenak L, László G, Bíró A, Liliom K, Mocsár G, Vámosi G, Füst G, Matko J. New cholesterol-specific antibodies remodel HIV-1 target cells' surface and inhibit their in vitro virus production. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:286-96. [PMID: 19654424 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of membrane rafts in HIV-1 infection is still in the focus of interest. Here, we report that new monoclonal anticholesterol IgG antibodies (ACHAs), recognizing clustered membrane cholesterol (e.g., in lipid rafts), rearrange the lateral molecular organization of HIV-1 receptors and coreceptors in the plasma membrane of HIV-1 permissive human T-cells and macrophages. This remodeling is accompanied with a substantial inhibition of their infection and HIV-1 production in vitro. ACHAs promote the association of CXCR4 with both CD4 and lipid rafts, consistent with the decreased lateral mobility of CXCR4, while Fab fragments of ACHAs do not show these effects. ACHAs do not directly mask the extracellular domains of either CD4 or CXCR4 nor do they affect CXCR4 internalization. No significant inhibition of HIV production is seen when the virus is preincubated with the antibodies prior to infection. Thus, we propose that the observed inhibition is mainly due to the membrane remodeling induced by cholesterol-specific antibodies on the target cells. This, in turn, may prevent the proper spatio-temporal juxtaposition of HIV-1 glycoproteins with CD4 and chemokine receptors, thus negatively interfering with virus attachment/entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Beck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Debrecen, H-4012, Debrecen, Hungary
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Veiga AS, Pattenden LK, Fletcher JM, Castanho MARB, Aguilar MI. Interactions of HIV-1 antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 with a gp41 epitope prebound to host and viral membrane model systems. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1032-44. [PMID: 19283693 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two HIV-1 recognition domains for the human monoclonal antibodies (MAb) 2F5, which recognises the core sequence ELDKWA, and 4E10, which recognises the core sequence NWFNIT, serve as promising models for immunogens in vaccine development against HIV-1. However, the failure of these recognition domains to generate broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies, and the putative membrane-binding properties of the antibodies raised to these recognition domains, suggest that additional features or recognition motifs are required to form an efficient immunogen, which could possibly include the membrane components. In this study we used an extended peptide epitope sequence derived from the gp41 native sequence (H-NEQELLELDKWASLWNWFNITNWLWYIK-NH), which contains the two recognition domains for 2F5 and 4E10, to examine the role of model cell (POPC) and viral (POPC/cholesterol/sphingomyelin) membranes in the recognition of these two antibodies. By using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor, the binding of 2F5 and 4E10 to membranes was compared and contrasted in the presence and absence of prebound peptide epitope. The recognition of the peptide epitope by each MAb was found to be distinct; 2F5 exhibited strong and almost irreversible binding to both membranes in the presence of the peptide, but bound weakly in the absence of the peptide epitope. In contrast, 4E10 exhibited strong membrane binding in the presence or absence of the peptide epitope, and the binding was essentially irreversible in the presence of the peptide epitope. Overall, these results demonstrate that both 2F5 and 4E10 can bind to membranes prior to epitope recognition, but that high-affinity recognition of gp41-derived epitope sequences by 2F5 and 4E10 occurs in a membrane context. Moreover, 4E10 might utilise the membrane to access and bind to gp41; such membrane properties of 2F5 and 4E10 could be exploited in immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
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Matyas GR, Beck Z, Karasavvas N, Alving CR. Lipid binding properties of 4E10, 2F5, and WR304 monoclonal antibodies that neutralize HIV-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1788:660-5. [PMID: 19100711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two human mAbs (2F5 and 4E10), originally derived from HIV-1-infected patients, are important, but rare, mAbs that exhibit broad cross-clade neutralizing activities against HIV-1. In addition to peptide sequences on the gp41 envelope protein, both antibodies reportedly also bound specifically to several phospholipid antigens. However, the phospholipid binding property of 2F5 has been disputed and, because of uncertainly regarding phospholipid binding, the modeling of neutralizing mechanisms has been difficult. To explore this issue, we examined the binding of 4E10 and 2F5 to a broad range of lipid antigens by ELISA. 4E10 and 2F5 both bound to a variety of purified phospholipids, and 4E10 bound, but 2F5 did not bind, to cardiolipin. Both mAbs also bound to a sulfated glycolipid, sulfogalactosyl ceramide (sulfatide), and to two neutral glycolipids, galactosyl ceramide and glucosyl ceramide, but not to other galactosyl glycolipids. 4E10, but not 2F5, also bound to cholesterol, although both mAbs bound to squalene. Interestingly, 4E10, but not 2F5, exhibited striking binding to lipid A, the lipid moiety of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The binding properties of 4E10 to phospholipids, sulfatide, cholesterol, squalene, and lipid A were similar to those of a neutralizing murine mAb (WR304) induced by liposomes containing phosphatidylinositol phosphate and lipid A, although WR304 did not bind to neutral glycolipids. The discovery of a binding specificity of 4E10 for lipid A, a widely used vaccine adjuvant, suggests that innate immunity stimulated by lipid A could have played a role for induction of multispecific antibodies that simultaneously recognize both HIV-1 protein and lipid antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Matyas
- Department of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Division of Retrovirology, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1600 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Beck Z, Karasavvas N, Matyas GR, Alving CR. Membrane-specific antibodies induced by liposomes can simultaneously bind to HIV-1 protein, peptide, and membrane lipid epitopes. J Drug Target 2008; 16:535-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802228517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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4E10 and 2F5 monoclonal antibodies: binding specificities to phospholipids, tolerance, and clinical safety issues. AIDS 2008; 22:649-51. [PMID: 18317008 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f51922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cristillo AD, Galmin L, Restrepo S, Hudacik L, Suschak J, Lewis B, Draghia-Akli R, Aziz N, Weiss D, Markham P, Pal R. HIV-1 Env vaccine comprised of electroporated DNA and protein co-administered with Talabostat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:22-6. [PMID: 18329382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selection of potent yet low reactogenic adjuvants for protein immunization is important for HIV-1 vaccine development. Immunogenicity of electroporated DNA (HIV env) and recombinant gp120, administered with either QS-21 or the orally administered immunomodulator, Talabostat, was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Electroporation of low dose DNA elicited Th1 cytokines and anti-envelope antibodies. Immunization with gp120 protein alone with or without Talabostat elicited lower Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels but comparable anti-gp120 antibodies to QS-21-formulated protein. Boosting of DNA-primed mice with gp120/Talabostat induced similar anti-gp120 antibody titers and slightly higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines relative to QS-21-formulated protein. Induction of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells and functional CTL activity was noted. These results highlight the potential use of orally administered Talabostat for efficient protein boosting of antibody and T-cell responses primed by DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA
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29
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Addadi L, Rubin N, Scheffer L, Ziblat R. Two and three-dimensional pattern recognition of organized surfaces by specific antibodies. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:254-64. [PMID: 18217721 DOI: 10.1021/ar700153u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular recognition of supramolecules for solid substrates is essential for designing chemical sensors and molecular devices. The rules of molecular recognition are well established at the level of single molecules. However, during the transition from molecular-scale devices to macroscopic devices, issues concerning control over recognition that are well-established at the molecular level become much more complex. Hopefully, the conceptual and practical considerations reported here will clarify some of these issues. The immune system uses antibodies to identify molecular surfaces through molecular recognition. Antibodies are thus appropriate tools to study the rules of macromolecule-surface interactions, and this was done using crystal surfaces as substrates. Crystals can be formed or introduced into organisms and should be thus treated by the organism as any other intruder, by eliciting antibodies specific to their surfaces. A structure-recognizing antibody is defined here as complementary to a certain ordered supramolecular organization. It can be considered as a mold bearing in its binding site memory of the organization against which it was elicited. On the surface of a crystal composed of relatively small organic molecules, an antibody binding site would encompass an array of 10-20 molecular moieties. The antibody binding site would not detect one molecule, but rather a two- or three-dimensional molecular arrangement on the surface, similar to a macromolecular surface. The complementarity between antibody binding site and surface is supported by stereoselective supramolecular interactions to the repetitive structural motifs that are exposed at the surface. A procedure was developed in order to isolate monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize a certain crystalline surface. The procedure was applied in particular to crystals of cholesterol monohydrate, of 1,4-dinitrobenzene, and of the tripeptide (S)leucine-(S)leucine-(S)tyrosine (LLY). A series of antibodies were selected and studied, three of which provided reliable specific antibody-antigen structural models. The three docking models show an astounding geometrical and chemical match of the antibody binding sites on the respective crystal surfaces. We also showed that antibodies are intrinsically capable of recognition at the length scale necessary for detection of chirality. Once the structural parameters determining the antibody specificity to the target surfaces are characterized, the antibodies may be conceivably used as reporters of the existence and location of target domains with similar structure in biological milieus. In this context, we developed and characterized monoclonal antibodies specific to crystalline mixed monolayers of cholesterol and ceramide, fundamental building blocks of lipid microdomains in cellular membranes. When used on cells, one antibody indeed labels cell membrane domains composed of cholesterol and ceramide. The fundamental contribution of the approach developed here may be in the antibody ability to report on the structural organization of paracrystalline domains that cannot be determined by other means. Alternatively, structure-recognizing antibodies may be conceivably used to carry information or build connections to specific targets, which may offer interesting developments in medicine or electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Rubin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Luana Scheffer
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roy Ziblat
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Lorizate M, Huarte N, Sáez-Cirión A, Nieva JL. Interfacial pre-transmembrane domains in viral proteins promoting membrane fusion and fission. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1624-39. [PMID: 18222166 PMCID: PMC7094410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion and fission underlie two limiting steps of enveloped virus replication cycle: access to the interior of the host-cell (entry) and dissemination of viral progeny after replication (budding), respectively. These dynamic processes proceed mediated by specialized proteins that disrupt and bend the lipid bilayer organization transiently and locally. We introduced Wimley–White membrane-water partitioning free energies of the amino acids as an algorithm for predicting functional domains that may transmit protein conformational energy into membranes. It was found that many viral products possess unusually extended, aromatic-rich pre-transmembrane stretches predicted to stably reside at the membrane interface. Here, we review structure–function studies, as well as data reported on the interaction of representative peptides with model membranes, all of which sustain a functional role for these domains in viral fusion and fission. Since pre-transmembrane sequences also constitute antigenic determinants in a membrane-bound state, we also describe some recent results on their recognition and blocking at membrane interface by neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José L. Nieva
- Corresponding author. Unidad de Biofísica, Universidad del País Vasco, Aptdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Tel.: +34 94 6013353; fax: +34 94 6013360.
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Lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A as antigens and adjuvants. Vaccine 2007; 26:3036-45. [PMID: 18226433 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A derived from Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a potent adjuvant and antigen. Incorporation of lipid A into liposomes renders the liposomes themselves immunogenic, resulting in generation of specific antibodies that recognize either the individual liposomal lipids, or the unique pattern presented by the combination of lipids. Using liposomes containing lipid A, numerous polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been produced against phospholipids, cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and lipid A. Many of these antibodies have binding characteristics that are apparently similar to natural antibodies that are normally present in all human sera, and also antibodies that arise in response to various infections. Such antibodies probably represent a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. The possible utility of liposomes containing lipid A as a constituent of certain types of novel vaccines was suggested by the observation that murine monoclonal antibodies to liposomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate neutralized primary isolates of two different clades of HIV-1 in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell neutralization assay.
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Karasavvas N, Beck Z, Tong J, Matyas GR, Rao M, McCutchan FE, Michael NL, Alving CR. Antibodies induced by liposomal protein exhibit dual binding to protein and lipid epitopes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:982-7. [PMID: 18088597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyreactive antibodies can accommodate chemically unrelated epitopes, such as lipids and proteins, in a single antigen binding site. Because liposomes containing lipid A as an adjuvant can induce antibodies directed against specific lipids, we immunized mice with liposomes containing lipid A together with a protein or peptide antigen to determine whether monoclonal antibodies generated after immunization would be specifically directed both to the liposomal lipid (either cholesterol or galactosylceramide) and also to the accompanying liposomal protein or peptide. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained that bound, by ELISA, to cholesterol and to recombinant gp140 envelope protein from HIV-1, or to galactosylceramide and to an HIV-1 envelope peptide. Surface plasmon resonance studies with the former antibody showed that the liposomal cholesterol and liposomal gp140 each contributed to the overall binding energy of the antibody to liposomes containing cholesterol and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Karasavvas
- Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Department of Vaccine Production and Delivery, 1600 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Rizos AK, Baritaki S, Tsikalas I, Doetschman DC, Spandidos DA, Krambovitis E. Biophysical characterization of V3-lipopeptide liposomes influencing HIV-1 infectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:963-9. [PMID: 17331474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The V3-loop of the HIV-1 gp120 alters host cell immune function and modulates infectivity. We investigated biophysical parameters of liposome constructs with embedded lipopeptides from the principle neutralizing domain of the V3-loop and their influence on viral infectivity. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed liposome supramolecular structures with hydrodynamic radius of the order of 900 and 1300nm for plain and V3-lipopeptide liposomes. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements showed almost identical local microenvironment. The difference in liposome hydrodynamic radius was attributed to the fluctuating ionic environment of the V3-lipopeptide liposomes. In vitro HIV-1 infectivity assays showed that plain liposomes reduced virus production in all cell cultures, probably due to the hydrophobic nature of the aggregates. Liposomes carrying V3-lipopeptides with different cationic potentials restored and even enhanced infectivity (p<0.05). These results highlight the need for elucidation of the involvement of lipid bilayers as dynamic components in supramolecular structures and in HIV-1 fusion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
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Beck Z, Karasavvas N, Tong J, Matyas GR, Rao M, Alving CR. Calcium modulation of monoclonal antibody binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 354:747-51. [PMID: 17257584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The binding characteristics of two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) were examined: a murine IgM mAb to PIP; and a human IgG mAb (4E10) that binds both to HIV-1 envelope protein and also to neutral and anionic phospholipids, including PIP. Binding of each mAb to pure PIP was inhibited by Ca(2+) as determined by ELISA. When studied by surface plasmon resonance, liposomes containing PIP could be stripped (i.e., removed) by either Ca(2+) or phosphorylated haptens after binding of the liposomes to the murine anti-PIP antibody attached to a BIAcore chip. In contrast, the binding of liposomal PIP to 4E10 was irreversible and could not be stripped. We therefore conclude that Ca(2+) and phosphate can modulate the initial binding of both types of antibodies to PIP. However, 4E10 binds to liposomal PIP in a two-stage process involving first Ca(2+)-modulated binding to the PIP polar headgroup, followed by irreversible binding to liposomal hydrophobic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Beck
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medical Research, USA
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