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Chen Y, Yuan C, Yang T, Song H, Zhan K, Zhao G. Effects of Bile Acid Supplementation on Lactation Performance, Nutrient Intake, Antioxidative Status, and Serum Biochemistry in Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:290. [PMID: 38254458 PMCID: PMC10812543 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of different levels of bile acid (BA) additives in diets on the lactation performance, serum antioxidant metabolites, and serum biochemical indices of 60 multiparous mid-lactation dairy cows. The cows were randomized to receive one of the four homogeneous treatments, with the BA preparation supplemented at 0, 6, 12, and 18 g/head/d. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The first 2 weeks were the pre-feeding period. The milk yield and composition data were recorded weekly, and the dry matter intake and antioxidative blood index were analyzed on the 6th, 10th, and 14th weeks of the study. On the 84th day of the experiment, the experimental group exhibited significantly higher levels of total protein and albumin, by 57.5% and 55.6%, respectively, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). On both the 28th and 84th days of the trial, the experimental group showed a markedly higher lipase content compared to the control group, by 26.5% and 25.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group displayed notably elevated levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity, surpassing the control group by 17.4%, 21.6%, and 8.7%, respectively. In conclusion, BA additives improve the serum antioxidant indices of dairy cows, thereby enhancing the performance of these cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chen
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (T.Y.); (H.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Cong Yuan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (T.Y.); (H.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (T.Y.); (H.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Han Song
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (T.Y.); (H.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (T.Y.); (H.S.); (K.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (T.Y.); (H.S.); (K.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Alzawqari M, Shukry Atta M, Metwally A, Selim S, Wadaan M, Kim I, Cho S, Eltahan H, Alagawany M, Alhotan R, Al Sulaiman A, Hussein E, Saleh A. Growth performance, blood lipids, and fat digestibility of broilers fed diets supplemented with bile acid and xylanase. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:451-460. [PMID: 38205380 PMCID: PMC10776885 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-451-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to show the effect of bile acid (BA) and xylanase (Xyl) supplementation on the growth, fat digestibility, serum lipid metabolites, and ileal digesta viscosity of broilers. A total of 720 1 d old male broilers were allocated to one of nine treatments with four replicates in each under a factorial design arrangement of three levels of BA (0 %, 0.25 %, and 0.50 %) and three levels of Xyl (0 %, 0.05 %, and 0.10 %) supplementation. The duration of the experiment was 35 d (7-42 d). Growth performance, blood lipids, fat digestibility, and ileal digesta viscosity were determined. The experimental treatments did not affect feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG). Supplementation of BA or Xyl did not significantly ameliorate the feed conversion rate (FCR) (p < 0.05 ). The addition of BA linearly increased fat digestibility. At 7-21 d of age, the addition of BA or Xyl had a significant (p < 0.05 ) increase in serum cholesterol (Chol) but no significant difference for other serum lipid parameters in broiler chickens fed with Xyl in the starter and grower periods. However, the supplementation of 0.5 % BA at 7-21 d of age significantly increased the Chol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The results of this trial revealed that the supplementation of xylanases had a great effect on the degradation of arabinoxylan from wheat, which led to a relatively greater reduction in ileal digesta viscosity; it was also found that supplementation of BA significantly increased the concentration of serum lipid metabolites, whereas BA and Xyl supplementation linearly increased the fat digestibility of the birds fed wheat and tallow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Alzawqari
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 333516, Egypt
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Mustafa Shukry Atta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. M. Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam M. Eltahan
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki 12611, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rashed A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R. Al Sulaiman
- Environmental Protection Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Osman Hussein
- Al-Khumasia For Feed and Animal Products Riyadh – Olaya – Al Aqareyah 2 – Office 705 P.O. Box 8344, Riyadh 11982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 333516, Egypt
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Ahmad A, Mughal GA, Abro R, Bughio S, Rizwana H, Leghari IH, Pirzado SA. Effect of Lipase and Lysolecithin Supplementation with Low Energy Diet on Growth Performance, Biochemical Attributes and Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Muscle of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040737. [PMID: 36830524 PMCID: PMC9952789 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary lysolecithin (LYSO) and lipase supplementation on productive performance, nutrient retention, and meat quality of broiler chicken fed a low energy diet. For this purpose, a total of 360 chicks were randomly alienated into six treatments, having six replicates (no = 10) birds each replicate. The dietary treatments were followed as control (CON fed as normal energy diet), LE (CON-100 kcal/kg from BD. basal diet), LIP 0.04 (LE + 0.04% lipase), LYSO 0.04 (LE + 0.04% lysolecithin), LIP + LYSO 0.04 (LE + 0.04% lipase and lysolecithin), and LIP + LYSO 0.08 (LE. + 0.08% lipase and lysolecithin). The birds fed with LIP + LYSO 0.04 exhibited higher weight gain than LYSO 0.08 and CON (p < 0.05), and higher feed intake (F.I.) was also observed in LIP + LYSO 0.04 than CON. However, lipase and emulsifier dietary effects were non-significant on FCR. (p > 0.05). Effects of experimental diets on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and fat digestibility were also non-significant (p > 0.05). Similarly, the blood biochemical profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) of the broiler showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) by dietary treatments. Similarly, liver enzymes, AST and A.L.T., were also not statistically significant (p > 0.05) among all dietary treatments. Similarly, supplementation of LIP and LYSO had a non-significant (p > 0.05) effect on breast meat fatty acids composition. Conclusively, adding LIP + LYSO 0.08 to a low energy diet could demonstrate better growth performance and reduce the negative impact of a low-energy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ahmad
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Gulfam Ali Mughal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rani Abro
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shamsuddin Bughio
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Huma Rizwana
- Department of Livestock Management, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Hussain Leghari
- Department of Poultry Husbandry, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-30-1321-6993
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Fat digestion and metabolism: effect of different fat sources and fat mobilisers in broilers diet on growth performance and physiological parameters – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Commercial broilers have a short production cycle and a high requirement for energy (3000 kcal/kg in starter phase and 3200 kcal/kg in finisher phase). Therefore, the need to add energy rich lipids to their diet is inevitable. Digestibility of fat depends on its multiple properties: chain length, the composition of fatty acids, ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acids. The high cost of vegetable oils and less availability due to their consumption in human diet are the main reasons for searching cheaper alternative fat sources. Animal oils like poultry and fish oil are the by-product of rendering plants and after refining, they are used in poultry diets as an energy source. Due to presence of impurities and free fatty acids, the digestibility of animal fat is less. There is a limited amount of bile acids and lipase available during early age and when birds are reared on high energy diet (finisher phase). Supplementation of emusifier or lipase in broilers diet increase fat utilisation. Emulsifiers increase fat digestibility by increasing active surface area of lipid droplets. Lysolecithin and Lysophospholipids are produced from hydrolyses of lecithin and phospholipids by phopholipase A2. The bile acids mainly compose of cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and have strong emulsification properties. Triacylglyceryl acylase (lipase) is an enzyme involved in catalysis and the hydrolysis of lipids. It can be concluded that use of emulsifier and lipase in broilers diet improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histology in broilers.
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Wiśniewska Z, Kołodziejski P, Pruszyńska E, Konieczka P, Kinsner M, Górka P, Flaga J, Kowalik K, Hejdysz M, Kubiś M, Jarosz ŁS, Ciszewski A, Kaczmarek SA. Effect of emulsifier and multicarbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler diets containing rapeseed meal. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102268. [PMID: 36402039 PMCID: PMC9673097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emulsifier and multicarbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient utilization, and apparent metabolizable energy-nitrogen (AMEN) value of broiler diets containing rapeseed meal (RSM) as well as their influence on the gut morphological structures, excretion of total and free sialic acid, and cecum concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in broiler chickens. A total of 384 male broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments. The diet of the control treatment (CON) consisted of soybean, maize, and RSM (5% in starter, 7% in grower, 15% in finisher) with soybean and palm oils. The diets used for the experimental treatments were the control diet supplemented with an emulsifier (EMU), enzyme (ENZ), or both (EMU + ENZ). The duodenum (n = 10/treatment) and ileum (n = 10/treatment) digesta samples were assessed to determine nutrient digestibility: crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), starch, Ca. Throughout the experimental period, EMU + ENZ treatment indicated the lowest total average feed intake and feed conversion ratio, with the highest average weight gain among the studied treatments (P < 0.05). The EMU + ENZ treatment also resulted in higher (P < 0.05): apparent prececal digestibility (APD) of CP, total tract neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of EE, villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.1). The highest APD of EE was noted in the EMU treatment (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the AMEN values of the diets. A greater jejunum villi surface area was found in groups supplemented by enzyme compared to CON (P < 0.05). The EMU + ENZ treatment presented lower sialic acid excretion in the ileum and concentration of cecum SCFAs compared to the CON treatment (P < 0.05). The obtained results indicate that simultaneous usage of additives had beneficial effect on production parameters, nutrient digestibility, NDF degradation, as well as gut mucosa morphology. Based on the SCFAs concentration results, separate or simultaneous addition of emulsifier or/and enzyme did not provoke excessive fermentation activity of cecal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - Misza Kinsner
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - Paweł Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Hejdysz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Product Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences, 62-002 Złotniki, Poland
| | - Marta Kubiś
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz S. Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin 20-612, Poland
| | - Artur Ciszewski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin 20-612, Poland
| | - Sebastian A. Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland,Corresponding author:
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Geng S, Zhang Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Di Y, Li J, Lou Q, Zhang L. Effects of Fat Type and Exogenous Bile Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Lipid Metabolism and Breast Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101258. [PMID: 35625104 PMCID: PMC9137457 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids (BAs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism, and breast muscle fatty acids composition in broiler chickens. A total of 432 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were stochastically distributed to a 2 × 2 factorial design comprised of two fat types (soybean oil and lard) and two levels of BAs (0 and 80 mg/kg) included in diets, totaling 4 treatments of 6 replicate pens with 18 chicks per replicate pen. Compared with treatments with soybean oil, dietary inclusion of lard increased the digestibility of ether extract (EE) in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42, and increased the level of serum triglycerides and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity on d 21 (p < 0.05). The level of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in breast muscle were also increased (p < 0.05) when feeding lard versus soybean oil. Dietary supplementation with BAs elevated average daily gain and reduced the ratio of feed to gain at d 0−21 and 0−42, significantly (p < 0.05). The digestibility of EE in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42 were also increased by BAs (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol content as well as the percentage of abdominal fat on d 42, and ALT activity on d 21 were decreased when BAs were fed (p < 0.05). The concentration of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and MUFAs of breast muscle were decreased by BAs. These results indicate that BAs can increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility, elevate carcass characteristics, and improve lipid metabolism, and their effects on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics were more pronounced in broiler chickens fed diets with lard.
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Zhang Z, Ding B, He H, Wang J, Liu X, Guo J, Li P, Madigosky SR. The effect of bile salt diet supplementation on genes related to fat metabolism in yellow-feathered broilers. Vet World 2022; 15:911-918. [PMID: 35698512 PMCID: PMC9178600 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.911-918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: As a new feed additive, bile acid (BA) can promote the absorption and transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. In recent years, BAs have been widely used in animal feed to promote fat absorption. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of bile salt supplementation in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty commercial male chicks were randomly divided into seven groups (with four replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate). They were fed diets supplemented with bile salts at 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg tylosin for 30 days. Changes in SREBF1, fatty acid transporter 4, FAS, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in intestinal mucosa and liver of yellow-feathered broilers were determined using a quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Results: mRNA expression of SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 in the small intestine decreased in chicks fed diets supplemented with 3.5 and 4.5 mg/kg bile salts (p<0.05) compared with the control group on 7 days and 14 d. The mRNA expressions of SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 in liver tissue decreased in chicks fed diets supplemented with 4.5 and 5.5 mg/kg bile salts (p<0.05) compared to the control group on 7 days. The mRNA expression of SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 in the liver at 14 days and the small intestine on 21 days also decreased in chicks fed diets supplemented with 4.5 mg/kg bile salts (p<0.05) compared to the control group. When contrasted with the control group on day 21, the mRNA expression of SRWBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 detected in the liver was lower in chicks fed diets supplemented with bile salts (p<0.05). Conclusion: The dietary supplementation of bile salts at 4.5 mg/kg effectively regulates the expression of fat metabolism genes, such as SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 mRNA. At this concentration, bile salts promote fat catabolism, inhibit fat synthesis, and play an essential role in improving the fat deposition of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Baoan Ding
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Hailian He
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jingge Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xiongjie Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Pengxiang Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Stephen R. Madigosky
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, One University Place, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013, USA
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Hoque MR, Park JH, Kim IH. Evaluation of adding sodium stearoyl-2-Lactylate to energy-reduced diets on broilers’ development, nutritional digestibility, bacterial count in the excreta, and serum lipid profiles. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2035261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Raihanul Hoque
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
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Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (BSFL) fat, derived using supercritical CO2 extraction and added to broiler chickens’ diets as a partial (50%) or total replacement for commonly used soybean oil, on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial population, its activity, and selected physiological and immune traits. A total of 576 one-dayold female Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 16 replicates each. The following treatments were applied: SO – 100% soybean oil, BSFL50 – a mixture of BSFL and soybean oils in a 50:50 ratio, and BSFL100 – 100% BSFL fat. Digesta samples from the crop, jejunum and ceca were collected for further analyses, i.e., pH measurements, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Additionally, the selected plasma biochemical parameters and immunological traits were assessed. In general, the implementation of BSFL fat in broilers’ diets resulted in increased proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the crop, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides – Prevotella cluster, and Clostridium perfringens. Furthermore, BSFL100 enhanced microbial activity via total SCFA production and lowered the pH in this segment. However, no detrimental effects were observed in terms of other GIT segments, i.e., the jejunal and cecal microecosystems. The strongest impact on reduction of select components of the microbial population in the cecum was observed with the BSFL50 treatment for potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides – Prevotella cluster, while commensal populations were also limited, i.e., Bacillus spp., C.
leptum subgroup, and C.
coccoides – Eubacterium
rectale cluster. Additionally, BSFL100 reduced the cholesterol concentration in the blood, while both experimental treatments decreased the ALT level. In conclusion, due to the insufficient release of lauric acid from the BSFL fat in the crop, an adverse shift in the microbiota can be noted. However, a positive suppressive effect on the select components of the cecal microbiota, as well as improvement of liver health suggests implying the BSFL fat in broiler nutrition.
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Supplementation of Bile Acids and Lipase in Broiler Diets for Better Nutrient Utilization and Performance: Potential Effects and Future Implications – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Bile acids are used for better emulsification, digestion and absorption of dietary fat in chicken, especially in early life. Similarly, exogenous lipases have also been used for the improvement of physiological limitation of the chicken digestive system. Owing to potential of both bile acids and lipases, their use has been increased in recent years, for better emulsification of dietary fat and improvement of growth performance in broilers. In the past, pancreatic lipases were used for supplementation, but recently, microbial lipase is getting attention in poultry industry as a hydrolysis catalyst. Bile acids strengthen the defence mechanism of body against bacterial endotoxins and also play a key role in lipid regulation and sugar metabolism as signaling molecules. It has been demonstrated that bile acids and lipases may improve feed efficiency by enhancing digestive enzyme activity and ultimately leading to better fat digestion and absorption. Wide supplemental range of bile acids (0.004% to 0.25%) and lipases (0.01% to 0.1%) has been used in broiler diets for improvement of fat digestibility and their performance. Combinations of different bile acids have shown more potential to improve feed efficiency (by 7.14%) even at low (0.008%) levels as compared to any individual bile acid. Lipases at a lower level of 0.03% have exhibited more promising potential to improve fat digestibility and feed efficiency. However, contradicting results have been published in literature, which needs further investigations to elucidate various nutritional aspects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in broiler diet. This review focuses on providing insight on the mechanism of action and potential application of bile acids and lipases in broiler diets. Moreover, future implications of these additives in poultry nutrition for enhancing nutrient utilization and absorption are also discussed.
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Effects of porcine bile acids on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wickramasuriya SS, Cho HM, Macelline SP, Kim E, Shin TK, Yi YJ, Park SH, Lee KB, Heo JM. Effect of calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and lipase supplementation on growth performance, gut health, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:981-991. [PMID: 32054203 PMCID: PMC7206371 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate (CSL) performance as an exogenous emulsifier together with lipase for broiler diets. Methods In total, 252 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to give 6 replications per treatment with 7 birds in each cage. There were six dietary treatments representing a 2×3 factorial arrangement consisted of two energy levels (standard energy [positive control, PC] and −100 kcal/kg of the requirement level [negative control, NC]) and three dietary treatments (without additives [CON], CON+CSL [CSL], and CON+CSL+lipase [CSL-Lipase]). Corn and soybean meal-based experimental diets containing vegetable oil were formulated. Growth performance, blood parameters, visceral organ weights, ileal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and cytokine gene expression were measured. Results Birds fed a diet including CSL increased (p<0.05) lipase level in blood compared to birds fed a diet including CSL-Lipase on day 21. Similarly, higher (p<0.05) liver weight was observed in birds fed a diet including either CSL or CSL-Lipase on day 21. Birds fed NC diet with CSL improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility compared to the NC diet on day 21. However, birds fed a diet supplemented with CSL or CSL-Lipase did not affect (p>0.05) the weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal morphology, and cytokine concentrations during the experiment period, regardless of dietary energy levels. Conclusion Our results indicated that CSL has a role in improving nutrient digestibility in young birds when supplemented to a corn-soybean meal based broiler diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shemil Priyan Macelline
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyun Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Joo Yi
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Bon Lee
- Deaprtment of Biology Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Kamran J, Mehmood S, Rahman MA, Mahmud A, Saima, Hussain M, Rehman A, Khalil S, Qamar SH. Effect of Fat Sources and Emulsifier Supplementation in Broiler Starter, Grower and Finisher Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass Parameters. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kamran
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Saima
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - A Rehman
- University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - S Khalil
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - SH Qamar
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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Arshad MA, Bhatti SA, Hassan I, Rahman MA, Rehman MS. Effects of Bile Acids and Lipase Supplementation in Low-Energy Diets on Growth Performance, Fat Digestibility and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I Hassan
- Sharif Feed Mills (Pvt.) Ltd, Pakistan
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Kamran J, Mehmood S, Mahmud A, Saima. Effect of Fat Sources and Emulsifier Levels in Broiler Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass Parameters. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kamran
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Saima
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Shirzadi H, Shariatmadari F, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Masoudi AA, Zaboli G, Hedayat-Evrigh N. Plant extract supplementation as a strategy for substituting dietary antibiotics in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 74:206-221. [PMID: 31852306 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1693860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two plant extracts as alternatives to dietary antibiotics in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (5 replicate pens; 15 broiler chickens each) which consisted of starter (d 0 to 10), and grower (d 10 to 28) diets. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (negative control, NC) and three similar diets that were either supplemented with 200 mg/kg of Prosopis farcta extract (PFE), Rhus coriaria L. extract (RCE) or an antibiotic premix containing oxytetracycline (positive control, PC). In order to simulate low ambient temperature, room temperature was maintained at 32°C during the first 3 d of the trial and afterwards, the temperature was gradually reduced by approximately 1.5°C each day to 14°C on d 21. PFE and PC treatments exerted a significant effect on body weight gain at d 28. Diet PFE was effective in reducing mortality when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, diet PFE caused increases in ileal digestibility of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Diets PFE and PC decreased coliforms, total aerobic bacteria and total anaerobic bacteria loads in the caeca when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of PFE to the diet improved villous height in all small intestinal segments as well as villous height:crypt depth ratio in the duodenum when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). The results indicated that PFE is not only a valid alternative to oxytetracycline under cold stress conditions, with no antibiotic resistance, but also has the potential to increase the resistance of broiler chickens against ascites syndrome. Moreover, the addition of RCE at the concentration of 200 mg/kg to the diet was not sufficient to improve the performance of broiler chickens (similar to diet PC) but maybe more effective at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Zaboli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nemat Hedayat-Evrigh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Majdolhosseini L, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Moradi MH. Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:863-872. [PMID: 31599223 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451900182x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A 42-d study was conducted to investigate the effects of an emulsifier supplementation (de-oiled soyabean lecithin (DSL)) of diets with different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and various sources of fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and jejunal morphology of broiler chickens. Diets were arranged factorially (2 × 2 × 2) and consisted of two concentrations of ME (normal and low), two fat sources (soyabean oil (SO) and poultry fat (PF)) and two levels of DSL supplementation (0 and 1 g/kg). A total of 800 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to eight treatments with five replicates/treatment. The results showed the supplemental DSL caused improvements in the overall feed conversion ratio, fat digestibility and jejunal villus height:crypt depth ratio, but the magnitude of the responses was greater in the PF-containing diets, resulting in significant fat × DSL interactions (P<0·05). Abdominal fat percentage was also reduced by the PF-containing diet, but the response was greater in the normal ME diet, resulting in a significant ME × fat interaction (P = 0·048). Dietary DSL supplementation also increased nitrogen-corrected apparent ME values but decreased blood TAG (P = 0·041) and LDL (P = 0·049) concentrations, regardless of the source of fat used or the ME values in the diet. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the improvements in growth performance, fat digestibility and intestinal morphology that can be achieved with DSL supplementation are highly dependent on the degree of saturation of lipid incorporated into broiler chicken diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Majdolhosseini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Moradi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
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Ge XK, Wang AA, Ying ZX, Zhang LG, Su WP, Cheng K, Feng CC, Zhou YM, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effects of diets with different energy and bile acids levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:887-895. [PMID: 30239873 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bile acids (BAs) on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers fed with different energy level diets. 480 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (45.01 ± 0.26 g) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of energy (basal or high-energy level) and 2 levels of BAs (with or without BAs supplementation), resulting in 4 groups of 8 replicates; the experiment lasted 42 d. High-energy diets decreased the feed/gain ratio (F/G) from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05), and increased the liver index and abdominal fat percentage at 42 d (P < 0.05). The serum total triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 42 d were increased by high-energy diets (P < 0.05), while the hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity at 21 and 42 d was decreased (P < 0.05). BAs supplementation increased the body weight at 21 d and decreased the F/G during entire period (P < 0.05), as well as improved the carcass quality reflected by decreased abdominal fat percentage at 42 d and increased breast muscle percentage at 21 and 42 d (P < 0.05). The serum TG at 21 and 42 d were decreased by BAs (P < 0.05), and the hepatic LPL activity at 42 d was increased (P < 0.05). In addition, high-energy diets increased the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase (P < 0.05), while BAs diets decreased these genes expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, BAs supplementation also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (P < 0.05), which was increased in high-energy groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BAs supplementation could increase growth performance, elevate carcass quality, and improve lipid metabolism in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - A A Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Z X Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - L G Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - W P Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - K Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - C C Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Y M Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
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19
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Lai W, Cao A, Li J, Zhang W, Zhang L. Effect of High Dose of Bile Acids Supplementation in Broiler Feed on Growth Performance, Clinical Blood Metabolites, and Organ Development. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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20
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Upadhaya S, Lee JS, Jung KJ, Kim I. Influence of emulsifier blends having different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum lipid profiles, and meat quality of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:255-261. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Lai W, Huang W, Dong B, Cao A, Zhang W, Li J, Wu H, Zhang L. Effects of dietary supplemental bile acids on performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipid metabolites and intestinal enzyme activities of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:196-202. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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Kang HK, Park SB, Kim SH, Kim CH. Effects of stock density on the laying performance, blood parameter, corticosterone, litter quality, gas emission and bone mineral density of laying hens in floor pens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2764-2770. [PMID: 27578881 PMCID: PMC5144664 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of stocking density on the performance, egg quality, leukocyte concentration, blood biochemistry, corticosterone levels, bone mineral density, and noxious gas emission of laying hens were investigated. Eight hundred 34-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments, each of which was replicated 4 times. Four stocking densities, including 5, 6, 7, and 10 birds/m2, were compared. A commercial-type basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations for laying hens from the National Research Council. The diet was fed to the hens ad libitum for 8 wk. Results indicated that hen-day egg production, egg mass, and feed intake were less for (P < 0.01) 10 birds/m2 stock density than other stock densities. Production rate of floor and broken eggs and eggshell strength were greater (P < 0.01) for 10 birds/m2 stock density than other stock densities. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocytes among densities. However, heterophils and the H/L ratio were greater (P < 0.01) for 10 birds/m2 than in stock density of 6 or 7 birds/m2 Serum corticosterone was greater (P < 0.01) 10 birds/m2 than stock density than other stock densities. Litter moisture and gas emission (CO2 and NH3) were greater (P < 0.01) for 10 birds/m2 than stock density than 6 and 7 birds/m2 stock density. Bone mineral content was not influenced by increasing stock density. However, bone mineral density was less (P < 0.05) for 10 m2 stock density than other stock densities. These results indicate that increasing the density beyond 5 birds/m2 elicits some negative effects on laying performance of Hy-Line brown laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kang
- Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Park
- Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Kim
- Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 331-801, Republic of Korea
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Polycarpo GV, Burbarelli MFC, CarÃo ACP, Merseguel CEB, Dadalt JC, Maganha SRL, Sousa RLM, Cruz-Polycarpo VC, Albuquerque R. Effects of lipid sources, lysophospholipids and organic acids in maize-based broiler diets on nutrient balance, liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, jejunal microbiota and performance. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:788-798. [PMID: 27494540 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1219019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were conducted to evaluate maize-based diets for broilers containing different lipid sources [soybean oil (S) or beef tallow (T)] supplemented with or without lysophospholipids and organic acids on nutrient balance (Experiment I, evaluation period of 10-14 d), on liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, on jejunal microbiota (Experiment II, sampling at d 14) and on performance (Experiment III, accumulated periods of 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 d). A total of 1344 male chicks were used. In each experiment, the birds were allotted in a completely randomised design with 8 replications. The lysophospholipids were mainly composed of lysolecithins and the organic acids blend was constituted by lactic (40%), acetic (7%) and butyric acids (1%). An interaction between lipid sources and lysophospholipids was observed on faecal apparent digestibility of lipid (ADL), which improved with lysophospholipids addition in T diets. Broilers fed on S had higher ADL and faecal apparent digestibility of nitrogen-corrected gross energy (ADGEN). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant treatment effect on the liver concentration of vitamins A and E, even with the differences in fatty acid profile between S and T. Enterobacteria values were below the detection threshold. Lysophospholipid supplementation reduced gram-positive cocci in T-fed birds. S diets promoted lower total anaerobe counts compared with T diets, independent of additives. S diets increased BW gain and feed:gain ratio in all evaluation periods. Lysophospholipids and organic acids improved feed:gain ratio at 1-21 d in T diets. Furthermore, main effects were observed for lysophospholipids and organic acids at 1-42 d, which increased BW gain and improved feed:gain ratio, respectively. No positive interactions between additives were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Polycarpo
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - M F C Burbarelli
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - A C P CarÃo
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - C E B Merseguel
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - J C Dadalt
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - S R L Maganha
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - R L M Sousa
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | | | - R Albuquerque
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
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Kang HK, Kim CH. Effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran oil on the growth performance, blood parameters, and immune response of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:12. [PMID: 26981258 PMCID: PMC4791942 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of rice bran oil (RBO) on growth performance, blood parameter, and immune response in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 240 1-d-old ROSS 308 male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments with six replicated pens consisting of ten chicks. The basal diet was formulated to be adequate in energy and nutrients. Three additional diets were prepared by adding 5, 10 or 20 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the birds during 35 d. Results Results indicated that increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets improved BW gain (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), improve feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05) of birds during 0 to 35 d. There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on feed intake of birds. There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on erythrocytes of birds. However, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) with inclusion level of RBO in diets increased. Feeding the diets containing increasing amount of RBO to birds increased (linear, P < 0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol. Increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets increased concentrations of IgG (linear, P < 0.01). There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on concentrations of IgM. Conclusions These results suggest that dietary RBO may be used functional ingredient to improve growth performance, total cholesterol in serum, and immune response of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Ku Kang
- Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-eup, Cheonan-si, Chungcheognam-do 330-801 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-eup, Cheonan-si, Chungcheognam-do 330-801 Republic of Korea
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Ravindran V, Tancharoenrat P, Zaefarian F, Ravindran G. Fats in poultry nutrition: Digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yan L, Kim I. Effects of dietaryω-3 fatty acid-enriched microalgae supplementation on growth performance, blood profiles, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of meat in broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.787361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khan SH, Yousaf B, Mian AA, Rehman A, Farooq MS. Assessing the effect of administering different probiotics in drinking water supplement on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and immune response. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.623783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Hassan Khan
- a Department of Livestock and Dairy Development , Poultry Research Institute , Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Burhan Yousaf
- b Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences , Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Mian
- b Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences , Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- a Department of Livestock and Dairy Development , Poultry Research Institute , Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sabir Farooq
- a Department of Livestock and Dairy Development , Poultry Research Institute , Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
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