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Kang J, Shen H, Zhang S, Xu L, Tang Z, Tang Y, Fang J. Contrasting growth responses to drought in three tree species widely distributed in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168331. [PMID: 37931814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree species-specific responses to drought are urgently needed for assessing the impacts of current climate change on forest ecosystems. Here, we characterized the resistance, recovery, resilience, and growth recovery periods in response to different drought events based on tree-ring width index data (>30 years) for three tree species widely distributed in northern China, among which larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) are two major species used for afforestation, and birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) is one of the most common natural tree species. Despite no significant effects of mild drought on tree growth, severe drought events significantly reduced the growth of all species, with contrasting species-specific responses. Larch trees had the lowest resistance and resilience among the three species, and Mongolian pine trees were more resistant but had a longer recovery period than birch trees. The drought responses varied with tree size. Large Mongolian pine and birch trees were more resistant but large larch trees were much more vulnerable than small trees during severe droughts. Smaller birch trees had higher resilience to severe droughts. Our study shows species-specific differences in drought responses and suggests that drought responses are tree-size dependent and drought-intensity associated, which further provides a guidance for selecting optimal cultivated tree species and designing forest managements in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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2
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Greule M, Le PM, Meija J, Mester Z, Keppler F. Comparison of Carbon Isotope Ratio Measurement of the Vanillin Methoxy Group by GC-IRMS and 13C-qNMR. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:100-105. [PMID: 38015023 PMCID: PMC10767744 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific carbon isotope ratio measurements by quantitative 13C NMR (13C-qNMR), Orbitrap-MS, and GC-IRMS offer a new dimension to conventional bulk carbon isotope ratio measurements used in food provenance, forensics, and a number of other applications. While the site-specific measurements of carbon isotope ratios in vanillin by 13C-qNMR or Orbitrap-MS are powerful new tools in food analysis, there are a limited number of studies regarding the validity of these measurement results. Here we present carbon site-specific measurements of vanillin by GC-IRMS and 13C-qNMR for methoxy carbon. Carbon isotope delta (δ13C) values obtained by these different measurement approaches demonstrate remarkable agreement; in five vanillin samples whose bulk δ13C values ranged from -31‰ to -26‰, their δ13C values of the methoxy carbon ranged from -62.4‰ to -30.6‰, yet the difference between the results of the two analytical approaches was within ±0.6‰. While the GC-IRMS approach afforded up to 9-fold lower uncertainties and required 100-fold less sample compared to the 13C-qNMR, the 13C-qNMR is able to assign δ13C values to all carbon atoms in the molecule, not just the cleavable methoxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greule
- Institute
of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute
of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Göhring A, Hölzl S, Mayr C, Strauss H. Multi-isotope fingerprints of recent environmental samples from the Baltic coast and their implications for bioarchaeological studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162513. [PMID: 36870494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes in coastal regions are influenced by the so-called sea spray effect which masks the actual terrestrial isotope fingerprint with a marine isotope signal. The sea spray impact on plants was investigated by analyzing different stable isotope systems (δ13Ccellulose, δ18Ocellulose, δ18Osulfate, δ34Ssulfate, δ34Stotal S, δ34Sorganic S, 87Sr/86Sr) in recent environmental samples (plants, soil, water) collected close to the Baltic Sea. All these isotopic systems are influenced by the sea spray, either by the uptake of ions (HCO3-, SO42-, Sr2+) of marine origin, thus exhibiting a marine isotopic signature, or by biochemical reactions associated with, e.g., salinity stress. A shift towards seawater values is observed for δ18Osulfate, δ34S, and 87Sr/86Sr. Cellulose becomes enriched in 13C and 18O due to sea spray, further enhanced (δ13Ccellulose) or mitigated (δ18Ocellulose) by salinity stress. The effect differs both regionally and seasonally, probably as a result of, e.g., differences in wind strength or prevailing wind direction, as well as between plants collected only few meters apart, in either the open field or at more wind-protected sites, reflecting samples more or less influenced by sea spray. The stable isotope data of recent environmental samples are compared to previously analyzed archaeological bone samples of animals from the Viking Haithabu and Early Medieval Schleswig sites located close to the Baltic Sea. Potential regions of origin can be predicted based on the magnitude of the (recent) local sea spray effect. This enables the identification of probably non-local individuals. The insights into sea spray mechanisms, biochemical reactions in plants, as well as seasonal, regional, and small-scale differences in stable isotope data will help to interpret multi-isotope fingerprints at coastal sites. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of environmental samples for bioarchaeological studies. Moreover, the detected seasonal and small-scale differences require adjusted sampling strategies for, e.g., isotopic baselines in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Göhring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology I, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hölzl
- RiesKraterMuseum Nördlingen, Eugene-Shoemaker-Platz 1, 86720 Nördlingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Geography, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, GeoBio-Center, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Strauss
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Schuler P, Cormier M, Werner RA, Buchmann N, Gessler A, Vitali V, Saurer M, Lehmann MM. A high-temperature water vapor equilibration method to determine non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratios of sugar, starch and cellulose. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:12-22. [PMID: 34564870 PMCID: PMC9291759 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratio (δ2 Hne ) in carbohydrates is mostly limited to the structural component cellulose, while simple high-throughput methods for δ2 Hne values of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as sugar and starch do not yet exist. Here, we tested if the hot vapor equilibration method originally developed for cellulose is applicable for NSC, verified by comparison with the traditional nitration method. We set up a detailed analytical protocol and applied the method to plant extracts of leaves from species with different photosynthetic pathways (i.e., C3 , C4 and CAM). δ2 Hne of commercial sugars and starch from different classes and sources, ranging from -157.8 to +6.4‰, were reproducibly analysed with precision between 0.2‰ and 7.7‰. Mean δ2 Hne values of sugar are lowest in C3 (-92.0‰), intermediate in C4 (-32.5‰) and highest in CAM plants (6.0‰), with NSC being 2 H-depleted compared to cellulose and sugar being generally more 2 H-enriched than starch. Our results suggest that our method can be used in future studies to disentangle 2 H-fractionation processes, for improving mechanistic δ2 Hne models for leaf and tree-ring cellulose and for further development of δ2 Hne in plant carbohydrates as a potential proxy for climate, hydrology, plant metabolism and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schuler
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Marc‐André Cormier
- Department of Earth Sciences, Research Group of Ocean BiogeochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Group of Grassland SciencesETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Group of Grassland SciencesETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Valentina Vitali
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Marco M. Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
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Badea SL, Botoran OR, Ionete RE. Recent Progresses in Stable Isotope Analysis of Cellulose Extracted from Tree Rings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122743. [PMID: 34961215 PMCID: PMC8706557 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the challenges and progression in stable isotope investigation, from the analytical tools and technical sample preparation procedures to the dendroclimatological experiments, were reviewed in terms of their use to assess tree physiological responses to environmental changes. Since the isotope signature of whole wood is not always a reliable tool in studying the climate changes, cellulose is often preferred as the study material in paleoclimatic studies. Nevertheless, the isotope analysis of cellulose is challenging due to the difficulty to remove the other wood components (extractives, lignin, pectin, and hemicelluloses). Additionally, in the case of hydrogen isotope analysis, about 30% of the hydrogen atoms of cellulose are exchanged with the surrounding water, which complicates the isotope analysis. In recent years, more automated isotope analysis methods were developed based on high temperature pyrolysis of cellulose, followed by the chromatographic separation of H2 from CO and by their individual isotope analysis using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. When used to investigate climate factors, the combined isotope analysis δ13C and δ18O appears to be the most promising isotope tool. In contrast, the role of δ2H values is yet to be elucidated, together with the development of new methods for hydrogen isotope analysis.
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6
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Lloyd MK, Trembath-Reichert E, Dawson KS, Feakins SJ, Mastalerz M, Orphan VJ, Sessions AL, Eiler JM. Methoxyl stable isotopic constraints on the origins and limits of coal-bed methane. Science 2021; 374:894-897. [PMID: 34762461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lloyd
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Trembath-Reichert
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K S Dawson
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - S J Feakins
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - M Mastalerz
- Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - V J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A L Sessions
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J M Eiler
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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7
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Gu H, Wang J, Lei C, Ma L. Comparison of dendroclimatic relationships using multiple tree-ring indicators (tree-ring width and δ 13C) from Masson pine. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201259. [PMID: 34295508 PMCID: PMC8261214 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the effects of climate drivers on the tree-ring width (TRW) parameters (total ring width (TR), earlywood width (EW) and latewood width (LW)) and the total ring δ 13C series of different wood components (whole wood, α-cellulose and holocelluose) from Masson pine in subtropical China. Pairwise correlation coefficients between three ring width parameters were statistically significant. EW and LW did not reveal much stronger climate sensitivity rather than TR. This indicated that the use of intra-annual ring width has little benefit in extracting more climate information. The mean δ 13C series of the three components of the total ring had the strongest climate response to the July-September relative humidity (r = -0.792 (whole wood), -0.758 (holocellulose) and -0.769 (α-cellulose)). There are no significant differences in the dendroclimatic relationships of the δ 13C series of different wood components. Through both stationary temporal and spatial-statistical perspectives, the moisture drivers (summer/autumn) had a significant impact on three ring width parameters and three components of Masson pine. Overall, the radial growth and the δ 13C series showed different responses to the same climate drivers during the same period. Moreover, the R-squared values of the strongest climate-proxy correlation coefficients were smaller than 50% for TRW. Consequently, the δ 13C series of Masson pine may be a more representative climate proxy than TRW parameters for dendroclimatology in subtropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Gu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- School of resources and environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lei
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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8
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Climate-Sensitivity Comparisons for Whole Wood, Holocellulose, and α-Cellulose Carbon Isotope Series in Masson Pine. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Schook DM, Friedman JM, Stricker CA, Csank AZ, Cooper DJ. Short- and long-term responses of riparian cottonwoods (Populus spp.) to flow diversion: Analysis of tree-ring radial growth and stable carbon isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139523. [PMID: 32502819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long duration tree-ring records with annual precision allow for the reconstruction of past growing conditions. Investigations limited to the most common tree-ring proxy of ring width can be difficult to interpret, however, because radial growth is affected by multiple environmental processes. Furthermore, studies of living trees may miss important effects of drought on tree survival and forest changes. Stable carbon isotopes can help distinguish drought from other environmental factors that influence tree-ring width and forest stand condition. We quantified tree-ring radial expansion and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in riparian cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia and P. angustifolia x P.trichocarpa) along Snake Creek in Nevada, USA. We investigated how hydrological drought affected tree growth and death at annual to half-century scales in a partially dewatered reach (DW) compared to reference reaches immediately upstream and downstream. A gradual decline in tree-ring basal area increment (BAI) began at DW concurrent to streamflow diversion in 1961. BAI at DW diverged from one reference reach immediately but not from the other until nearly 50 years later. In contrast, tree-ring δ13C had a rapid and sustained increase following diversion at DW only, providing the stronger and clearer drought signal. BAI and δ13C were not significantly correlated prior to diversion; after diversion they both reflected drought and were correlated for DW trees only. Cluster analyses distinguished all trees in DW from those in reference reaches based on δ13C, but BAI patterns left trees intermixed across reaches. Branch and tree mortality were also highest and canopy vigor was lowest in DW. Results indicate that water scarcity strongly limited cottonwood photosynthesis following flow diversion, thus reducing carbon assimilation, basal growth and survival. The dieback was not sudden, but occurred over decades as carbon deficits mounted and depleted streamflow left trees increasingly vulnerable to local meteorological drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Schook
- Colorado State University, Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Campus Delivery 1472, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; National Park Service, Water Resources Division, 1201 Oakridge Drive #250, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Friedman
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Craig A Stricker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Building 95, MS963, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Adam Z Csank
- University of Nevada, Department of Geography, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - David J Cooper
- Colorado State University, Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Campus Delivery 1472, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Liu X, Anhäuser T, Lu Q, Zeng X, Zhang Q, Wang K, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Keppler F. Temperature signal recorded in δ 2H and δ 13C values of wood lignin methoxyl groups from a permafrost forest in northeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138558. [PMID: 32498208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes in wood lignin methoxyl groups (δ2HLM and δ13CLM values) have been suggested as valuable complementary paleoclimate proxies. In permafrost forests, tree growth is influenced by multiple factors, however temperature appears to have the strongest impact on tree growth and, therefore, on carbon cycling. To test whether δ2HLM and δ13CLM values of trees from permafrost regions might record climate parameters, two dominant tree species (Larix gmelinii, larch, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pine) collected from a permafrost forest in China's Greater Hinggan Mountains, were investigated. The two tree species larch and pine covered time spans of 1940 to 2013 and 1870 to 2013, respectively. Results showed significant correlations of pine and larch δ2HLM values and larch δ13CLM values with temperatures and in particular with the mean temperature of the growing season from April to August. However, only weak correlations of δ2HLM and δ13CLM values with moisture conditions, such as precipitation amount and relative humidity were observed. In addition, species specificity in the climate response was most obvious for δ13CLM values. Compared to a temperature reconstruction based on tree ring width, pine δ2HLM-based reconstruction showed strongest spatial correlations with regional temperature. Therefore, δ2HLM values might be a promising proxy to reconstruct growing-season temperatures in permafrost regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Tobias Anhäuser
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Qiangqiang Lu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaomin Zeng
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qiuliang Zhang
- Forest College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingnan Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment HCE, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Voltas J, Aguilera M, Gutiérrez E, Shestakova TA. Shared drought responses among conifer species in the middle Siberian taiga are uncoupled from their contrasting water-use efficiency trajectories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137590. [PMID: 32143049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A shift from temperature-limited to water-limited tree performance is occurring at around 60°N latitude across the circumboreal biome, in concord with current warming trends. This shift is likely to induce extensive vegetation changes and forest die-back, and also to exacerbate biotic outbreaks and wildfires, affecting the global carbon budget. We used carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in tree rings to analyze the long-term physiological responses of five representative species that coexist in the middle taiga of Western Siberia, including dark-needled, drought-susceptible (Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica) and light-needled, drought-resistant (Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris) conifers. We hypothesized that droughts are differentially imprinted in dark and light conifers, with stronger Δ13C-responsiveness in the latter reflecting a more conservative water use. We found similar Δ13C-climate relationships related to the moisture regime of the summer season across species, indicating shared drought responses; however, divergent intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) trajectories from 1950 to 2013 were observed for pines (increasing by ca. 10%) and other conifers (increasing by ca. 25%). These contrasting patterns suggested the passive and active stomatal regulation of gas exchange in these trees, respectively, and led us to discard our initial hypothesis. Discriminant analysis shed light on the climate characteristics responsible for such differential behavior, with years having lower temperatures from May through August (3 °C colder on average) being responsible for reduced pine WUEi. This finding may be related to the higher plasticity of phenology of pines and the greater susceptibility of fir and spruce to cold damage and heat shock during the early growing season (late April-May). Together with recent negative growth trends and increasing ring-width vs. Δ13C coupling, these results indicate the greater susceptibility of spruce and fir, compared with pines and larch, in boreal ecosystems when transitioning from a temperature- to a moisture-sensitive regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avda, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Greule M, Moossen H, Geilmann H, Brand WA, Keppler F. Methyl sulfates as methoxy isotopic reference materials for δ 13 C and δ 2 H measurements. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:343-350. [PMID: 30452095 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methoxy groups (OCH3 ) of plant organic matter have many potential applications in biogeochemical, atmospheric and food research. So far, most of the analyses of plant methoxy groups by isotope ratio mass spectrometry have employed liquid iodomethane (CH3 I) as the reference material to normalise stable isotope measurements of these moieties to isotope-δ scales. However, comparisons of measurements of stable hydrogen and carbon isotopes of plant methoxy groups are still hindered by the lack of suitable reference materials. METHODS We have investigated two methyl sulfate salts (HUBG1 and HUBG2), which exclusively contain carbon and hydrogen from one methoxy group, for their suitability as methoxy reference materials. Firstly, the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope values of the bulk compounds were calibrated against international reference substances by high-temperature conversion- and elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HTC- and EA-IRMS). In a second step these values were compared with values obtained by measurements using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) where prior to analysis the methoxy groups were converted into gaseous iodomethane. RESULTS The 2 H- and 13 C isotopic abundances of HUBG1 measured by HTC- and EA-IRMS and expressed as δ-values on the usual international scales are -144.5 ± 1.2 mUr (n = 30) and -50.31 ± 0.16 mUr (n = 14), respectively. For HUBG2 we obtained -102.0 ± 1.3 mUr (n = 32) and +1.60 ± 0.12 mUr (n = 16). Furthermore, the values obtained by GC/IRMS were in good agreement with the HTC- and EA-IRMS values. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that both methyl sulfates are suitable reference materials for normalisation of isotope measurements of carbon of plant methoxy groups to isotope-δ scales and for inter-laboratory calibration. For stable hydrogen isotope measurements, we suggest that in addition to HUBG1 and HUBG2 additional reference materials are required to cover the full range of plant methoxy groups reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Moossen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Heike Geilmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Willi A Brand
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nakai W, Okada N, Sano M, Nakatsuka T. Sample preparation of ring-less tropical trees for δ 18O measurement in isotope dendrochronology. TROPICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.ms17-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Naoki Okada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Masaki Sano
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
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Guerrieri R, Jennings K, Belmecheri S, Asbjornsen H, Ollinger S. Evaluating climate signal recorded in tree-ring δ 13 C and δ 18 O values from bulk wood and α-cellulose for six species across four sites in the northeastern US. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:2081-2091. [PMID: 28940773 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We evaluated the applicability of tree-ring δ13 C and δ18 O values in bulk wood - instead of the more time and lab-consuming α-cellulose δ13 C and δ18 O values, to assess climate and physiological signals across multiple sites and for six tree species along a latitudinal gradient (35°97'N to 45°20'N) of the northeastern United States. METHODS Wood cores (n = 4 per tree) were sampled from ten trees per species. Cores were cross-dated within and across trees at each site, and for the last 30 years. Seven years, including the driest on record, were selected for this study. The δ13 C and δ18 O values were measured on two of the ten trees from the bulk wood and the α-cellulose. The offsets between materials in δ13 C and δ18 O values were assessed. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the strength of the climate signal across sites. Finally the relationship between δ13 C and δ18 O values in bulk wood vs α-cellulose was analyzed to assess the consistency of the interpretation, in terms of CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, from both materials. RESULTS We found offsets of 1.1‰ and 5.6‰ between bulk and α-cellulose for δ13 C and δ18 O values, respectively, consistent with offset values reported in the literature. Bulk wood showed similar or stronger correlations to climate parameters than α-cellulose for the investigated sites. In particular, temperature and vapor pressure deficit and standard precipitation-evaporation index (SPEI) were the most visible climate signals recorded in δ13 C and δ18 O values, respectively. For most of the species, there was no relationship between δ13 C and δ18 O values, regardless of the wood material considered. CONCLUSIONS Extraction of α-cellulose was not necessary to detect climate signals in tree rings across the four investigated sites. Furthermore, the physiological information inferred from the dual isotope approach was similar for most of the species regardless of the material considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Guerrieri
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Katie Jennings
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Soumaya Belmecheri
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0045, USA
| | - Heidi Asbjornsen
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Scott Ollinger
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
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15
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Riechelmann DFC, Greule M, Siegwolf RTW, Anhäuser T, Esper J, Keppler F. Warm season precipitation signal in δ 2 H values of wood lignin methoxyl groups from high elevation larch trees in Switzerland. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1589-1598. [PMID: 28696517 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In this study, we tested stable hydrogen isotope ratios of wood lignin methoxyl groups (δ2 Hmethoxyl values) as a palaeoclimate proxy in dendrochronology. This is a quite new method in the field of dendrochronology and the sample preparation is much simpler than the methods used before to measure δ2 H values from wood. METHODS We measured δ2 Hmethoxyl values in high elevation larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.) from Simplon Valley (southern Switzerland). Thirty-seven larch trees were sampled and five individuals analysed for their δ2 Hmethoxyl values at annual (1971-2009) and pentadal resolution (1746-2009). The δ2 Hmethoxyl values were measured as CH3 I released upon treatment of the dried wood samples with hydroiodic acid. 10-90 μL from the head-space were injected into the gas chromatography/high-temperature conversion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/HTC-IRMS) system. RESULTS Testing the climate response of the δ2 Hmethoxyl values, the annually resolved series show a positive correlation of r = 0.60 with June/July precipitation. The pentadally resolved δ2 Hmethoxyl series do not show any significant correlation to climate parameters. CONCLUSIONS Increased precipitation during June and July, which are on average warm and relatively dry months, results in higher δ2 H values of the xylem water and, therefore, higher δ2 H values in the lignin methoxyl groups. Therefore, we suggest that δ2 Hmethoxyl values of high elevation larch trees might serve as a summer precipitation proxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana F C Riechelmann
- Institute of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Anhäuser
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Esper
- Institute of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Anhäuser T, Greule M, Keppler F. Stable hydrogen isotope values of lignin methoxyl groups of four tree species across Germany and their implication for temperature reconstruction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:263-271. [PMID: 27889214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stable hydrogen isotope ratios of lignin methoxyl groups (δ2HLM values) in wood have been shown to mirror the δ2H signatures of precipitation (δ2Hprecip values). Thus, δ2HLM values were suggested to serve as a potential paleotemperature proxy since δ2Hprecip values are dominantly controlled by air temperature in the mid-latitudes. A recent study where a significant δ2HLM-temperature relationship was found for a European transect with mean annual temperatures ranging from -4 to 17°C strengthened this assumption. However, using δ2HLM values as a paleotemperature proxy requires quantification of noise from site-, species- and biosynthetic-specific influences to determine the significance of recording smaller temperature changes. Here, we measured δ2HLM values of tree-ring sections covering 1981-1990 and 1991-2011 of four different tree species (European beech, English oak, Scots pine, Norway spruce) at 15 sampling sites across Germany. The maximum difference in mean annual temperature between sample sites was 5°C and all sites showed small temperature increases from 1981 to 1990 to 1991-2011 (mean Δ=0.7°C). For all species investigated, the maximum difference of δ2HLM within the tree was <10mUr or ‰ (median values) and between trees at a single site was ≤28mUr (median values). The general pattern of the spatial δ2HLM-temperature relationship found for the European transect was confirmed here although a significant correlation was lacking. This can be explained by the lower spatial δ2Hprecip-temperature correlation (R2=0.39) found for sampling sites in this study and the δ2HLM differences between trees. Nevertheless, the temporal changes in δ2HLM values of European beech trees correctly reflected within ±2°C the temperature change at every sampling site. Therefore, we suggest that δ2HLM values of European beech trees have considerable potential for reconstructing temperature changes when applied on tree-ring chronologies and consider this approach particularly suited for Late Holocene climate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Anhäuser
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Anhäuser T, Greule M, Polag D, Bowen GJ, Keppler F. Mean annual temperatures of mid-latitude regions derived from δ 2H values of wood lignin methoxyl groups and its implications for paleoclimate studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1276-1282. [PMID: 27712864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tree-rings are widely used climate archives providing annual resolutions on centennial to millennial timescales. Stable isotope ratios of tree-rings have been applied to assist with the delineation of climate parameters such as temperature and precipitation. Here, we investigated stable hydrogen isotope ratios (expressed as δ2H values) of lignin methoxyl groups of wood from various tree species collected along a ~3500km north-south transect across Europe with mean annual temperatures (MAT) ranging from -4 to +17°C. We found a strong linear relationship between MATs and δ2H values of wood lignin methoxyl groups. We used this relationship to predict MATs from randomly collected wood samples and found general agreement between predicted and observed MATs for the mid-latitudes on a global scale. Our results are discussed in context of their paleoclimate relevance and suggest that δ2H values of lignin methoxyl groups might have the potential to reconstruct MATs when applied on mid-latitudinal tree-ring chronologies of the Late Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Anhäuser
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Polag
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel J Bowen
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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