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Huang R, Yu H. Extraction methods, chemical compositions, molecular structure, health functions, and potential applications of tea polysaccharides as a promising biomaterial: a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134150. [PMID: 39059531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides (TPS) have attracted much attention due to their multiple biological activities, excellent biocompatibility and good biodegradability, creating a wide range of potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the high molecular weight and complexity of TPS components have restricted its purification and bioactivity, limiting its potential applications. In this review, the effects of various extraction methods, tea processing, and degree of fermentation on the composition and structure of TPS were thoroughly investigated to overcome this dilemma. Through a comprehensive analysis of in vivo and in vitro studies, the health benefits of TPS are discussed in detail, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, modulation of gut microbial communities, and anticancer bioactivities. Typical structural characterization techniques of TPS are also summarized, and interactions with common food components are discussed in depth, providing a deeper perspective on the overall knowledge of TPS. Finally, this review offers an extensive overview of the wide range of applications of TPS, including its strong emulsifying properties and bio-accessibility, in various fields such as food nutrition, drug delivery, encapsulation films, and emulsifiers. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the profound development of TPS for productive utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hongfei Yu
- North Ring Road no.1, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Pingqiao, Xinyang, He'nan, China
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Hu Y, Tang Y, Zhang J, Guo X, Wang J, Zhang X, Li Z, Yu H, Li W. In vitro digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides from nine common Polygonatum spp. and their impact on human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136052. [PMID: 39341313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from nine common Polygonatum spp. during in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion, in vitro fermentation, and their subsequent effects on human gut microbiota. Results revealed that the total sugar contents of Polygonatum spp. polysaccharides almost had little changes during the vitro digestion, and the molecular weight presented a downward trend. The in vitro digestion process produced almost no free monosaccharide, with small variations on FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. However, during the in vitro fermentation process, the polysaccharides generated remarkable changes, the total sugar showed a downward trend, and the molecular weight was degraded. There were significant changes in the monosaccharide composition, and possibly the sugar occurred isomerism. Regarding the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, both acetic acid and propionic acid were found to be significantly elevated in the treatment group compared to the control group, and the pH value dramatically decreased. Simultaneously, Polygonatum spp. polysaccharides could remarkably modulate the richness of microbial communities and improved their diversity, especially Narrowly Defined Clostridium, and Bacteroidetes. In general, this study can be helpful to better understand the potential digestion and fermentation mechanism of the genus Polygonatum polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xuting Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiaru Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Xinmeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, Anhui, China.
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Zhou Q, Gao J, Sun X, Du J, Wu Z, Liang D, Ling C, Fang B. Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Tea Leaf Polysaccharide in Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Based on Gut Flora and Metabolomics. Foods 2024; 13:2994. [PMID: 39335922 PMCID: PMC11431025 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides (TPSs) are receiving increasing attention because of their diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Here, we explored the immunoregulatory mechanisms of TPSs from fresh tea leaves in a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in terms of gut microbiota and metabolites. We observed that TPSs significantly increased the body weight and alleviated CTX-induced thymus atrophy in the immunosuppressed mice; they also increased the plasma levels of immunoglobulins A and M, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor α. Furthermore, we conducted 16S rDNA sequencing of cecal contents, resulting in the acquisition of 5008 high-quality bacterial 16S rDNA gene reads from the sequencing of mouse fecal samples. By analyzing the data, we found that TPSs regulated the gut microbiota structure and diversity and alleviated the CTX-induced dysregulation of gut microbiota. The colonic contents of mice were subjected to analysis using the UPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS technique for the purpose of untargeted metabolomics. In the course of our metabolite identification analysis, we identified a total of 2685 metabolites in positive ion mode and 1655 metabolites in negative ion mode. The analysis of these metabolites indicated that TPSs improved CTX-induced metabolic disorders by regulating the levels of metabolites related to tryptophan, arginine, and proline metabolism. In conclusion, TPSs can alleviate CTX-induced immunosuppression by regulating the structural composition of gut microbiota, indicating the applicability of TPSs as novel innate immune modulators in health foods or medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Q.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Jinjing Gao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.W.)
| | - Xueyan Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.W.)
| | - Junyuan Du
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.W.)
| | - Dongxia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Q.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Caijin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Q.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Binghu Fang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.W.)
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Huang Z, Zhang L, Xuan J, Zhao T, Peng W. Antibacterial and Antiallergic Effects of Three Tea Extracts on Histamine-Induced Dermatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1181. [PMID: 39338343 PMCID: PMC11435320 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent and recurrent inflammatory skin condition with a genetic basis. However, the fundamental reasons and mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain incompletely understood. While tea extracts are known to reduce histamine-induced skin allergies and inflammation, the specific mechanisms by which various types of Chinese tea provide their protective effects are still not fully elucidated. In this study, a model of skin itching induced by histamine is used to explore the functions and mechanisms of three types of tea extract (Keemun black tea (HC), Hangzhou green tea (LC), and Fujian white tea (BC)) in alleviating histamine-induced dermatitis. The components of three tea extracts are identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and we found that their main components are alkaloids, fatty acyls, flavonoids, organic acids, and phenols. The inhibitory effects of three types of tea extract on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in skin injury are investigated by MIC and flow cytometry. The three types of tea extract have an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacterial flora, with HC showing the best inhibitory activity. The effect of the three types of tea extract on histamine-induced dermatitis is also evaluated. Furthermore, itchy skin experiments, HE staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemical staining of mouse skin tissues were performed to determine the variations of scratching, epidermal thickness, mast cell number, IL-1β, and NGF content after the administration of the tea extracts. The three types of tea extracts all alleviate and inhibit skin itching, epidermal hyperplasia, and allergic dermatitis. BC effectively alleviates epidermal hyperplasia caused by skin allergies, and LC significantly downregulates NGF. HC reduces histamine-induced mast cell infiltration and downregulates IL-1β to alleviate skin itching. Consequently, tea emerges a potent natural product that can inhibit the growth of skin wound bacterial flora and exhibit skin repair effects on histamine-induced allergic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeting Huang
- Guangzhou Zhongzhuang Meiye Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Xuan
- Guangzhou Zhongzhuang Meiye Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Weihua Peng
- Guangzhou Zhongzhuang Meiye Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510006, China
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Liang S, Gao Y, Granato D, Ye JH, Zhou W, Yin JF, Xu YQ. Pruned tea biomass plays a significant role in functional food production: A review on characterization and comprehensive utilization of abandon-plucked fresh tea leaves. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13406. [PMID: 39030800 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Tea is the second largest nonalcoholic beverage in the world due to its characteristic flavor and well-known functional properties in vitro and in vivo. Global tea production reaches 6.397 million tons in 2022 and continues to rise. Fresh tea leaves are mainly harvested in spring, whereas thousands of tons are discarded in summer and autumn. Herein, pruned tea biomass refers to abandon-plucked leaves being pruned in the non-plucking period, especially in summer and autumn. At present, no relevant concluding remarks have been made on this undervalued biomass. This review summarizes the seasonal differences of intrinsic metabolites and pays special attention to the most critical bioactive and flavor compounds, including polyphenols, theanine, and caffeine. Additionally, meaningful and profound methods to transform abandon-plucked fresh tea leaves into high-value products are reviewed. In summer and autumn, tea plants accumulate much more phenols than in spring, especially epigallocatechin gallate (galloyl catechin), anthocyanins (catechin derivatives), and proanthocyanidins (polymerized catechins). Vigorous carbon metabolism induced by high light intensity and temperature in summer and autumn also accumulates carbohydrates, such as soluble sugars and cellulose. The characteristics of abandon-plucked tea leaves make them not ideal raw materials for tea, but suitable for novel tea products like beverages and food ingredients using traditional or hybrid technologies such as enzymatic transformation, microbial fermentation, formula screening, and extraction, with the abundant polyphenols in summer and autumn tea serving as prominent flavor and bioactive contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Bioactivity and Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Sun M, He Y, Gao W, Wang Y, Yang B, Sun Y, Kuang H. Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum: A review of their extraction, structures, modifications, and bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132617. [PMID: 38795891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (P. grandiflorum) has long been used as a food and traditional herbal medicine. As a food, P. grandiflorum is often transformed into pickles for consumption, and as a traditional Chinese medicine, P. grandiflorum clears the lung, nourishes the pharynx, dispels phlegm, and discharges pus. Polysaccharides are among the main active components of P. grandiflorum. Recent literature has described the preparation, identification, and pharmacological activity of these polysaccharides. Studies have shown that these polysaccharides exhibit a variety of significant biological effects in vitro and in vivo, such as immune stimulation and antioxidant, anti-liver injury, anti-apoptosis and antitumour effects. However, there is no systematic summary of the related research articles on P. grandiflorum polysaccharide, which undoubtedly brings some difficulties to the future research. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively describe research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, modification, and biological activity of P. grandiflorum polysaccharides. The shortcomings of recent research are summarized, further research on their biological activity is proposed to provide new reference value for the application of P. grandiflorum polysaccharides in drugs and health products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yujia He
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wuyou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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Wang L, Li Y, Ye L, Zhi C, Zhang T, Miao M. Unveiling structure and performance of tea-derived cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132117. [PMID: 38718996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, cellulose was extracted from black tea residues to produce black tea cellulose nanocrystals (BT-CNCs) using an optimized acid hydrolysis method. The structure and performance of BT-CNCs were evaluated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for acidolysis of BT-CNCs included a sulfuric acid concentration of 64 %, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:18 (w/v), a hydrolysis temperature of 45 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 50 min. The optimization process resulted in a 44.8 % increase in the yield of BT-CNCs, which exhibited a crystallinity of 68.57 % and were characterized by the typical cellulose I structure. The diameters of the particles range from 5 to 45 nm, and they exhibit aggregation behavior. Notably, BT-CNCs demonstrated excellent storage stability, and the Tyndall effect occurred when exposed to a single beam of light. Although the thermal stability of BT-CNCs decreased, their primary thermal degradation temperature remained above 200 °C. The colloidal nature of BT-CNCs was identified as a non-Newtonian fluid with "shear thinning" behavior. This study introduces a novel method to convert tea waste into BT-CNCs, increasing the yield of BT-CNCs and enhancing waste utilization. BT-CNCs hold promise for application in reinforced composites, offering substantial industrial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yukun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Chaohui Zhi
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China..
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Wang M, Yu A, Hu W, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Meng Y, Yang B, Kuang H. Extraction, purification, structural characteristic, health benefit, and product application of the polysaccharides from bamboo shoot: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132581. [PMID: 38797301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo shoot is a kind of widely distributed natural green vegetable, which has a long history of consumption and cultivation, and has edible, nutritional and economic value. Bamboo shoot is nutrient-rich food with carbohydrates, fats, proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids and other chemical components, can meet the body's needs. Notably, bamboo shoot polysaccharides are the most attractive saccharides, most of which are water-soluble polysaccharides, and their various biological activities have been paid more attention by researchers. With the deepening of research on bamboo shoot polysaccharides, they have been found to have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complement activities, immunomodulatory, etc. Further research on bamboo shoot polysaccharides, their sources, molecular weights, chemical structures, monosaccharide compositions and structural characteristics are constantly explored. In order to better research and development of bamboo shoot polysaccharides, it is necessary to carry on a comprehensive arrangement. Here, the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, health benefits, structure-activity relationships and product applications of bamboo shoot polysaccharides were systematically reviewed. This article will deepen the understanding of bamboo shoot polysaccharides, provide knowledge base for further research on bamboo shoot polysaccharides, and expand the vision for developing related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Aiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhaojiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yonghai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Gao Q, Li G, Ran H, Hou Y, Jiang Y, Li S, Feng G, Shen S, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang G. Ultrasound-assisted complex enzyme extraction, structural characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Ligustrum robustum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131753. [PMID: 38657937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ligustrum robustum is one of the traditional teas in China with a long history of drinking and medicinal use. Through Response surface optimization, the yield of polysaccharides extracted by ultrasonic-assisted complex enzyme (UAE-EN) method was increased to 14.10 ± 0.56 %. Neutral homogeneous polysaccharide (LRNP) and acidic homogeneous polysaccharide (LRAP-1, LRAP-2, LRAP-3) from L. robustum were purified. The molecular weights of them were 5894, 4256, 4621 and 3915 Da. LRNP was composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara) with molar percentage of 24.97, 42.38 and 30.80. Structure analysis revealed that the backbone of LRNP consisted of 1,5-linked α-Araf, 1,4-linked β-Galp, 1,6-linked β-Galp, and 1,4-linked β-Glcp with the branches of 1,2-linked α-Araf, 1,3-linked α-Araf, 1,3-linked β-Glcp and 1,6-linked β-Galp residues, some terminal residues of α-Araf, β-Glcp and α-Galp were also included. In vitro experiments showed that the four polysaccharides possessed excellent antioxidant, antitumor and hypoglycemic activities. LRNP possessed the protective effect against oxidative stress. The studies provide a basis for further exploitation of L. robustum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailin Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Yiru Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Sihui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Guangyong Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shasha Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
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10
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Tang Y, Zhu Y, Wang X, Peng H, Wang Z, Yue C, Wang L, Bai Z, Li P, Luo D. Study of the structural characterization, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of phosphorylated long-chain inulin with different degrees of substitution. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130139. [PMID: 38354927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, phosphorylated derivatives of long-chain inulin with different substitution degrees were prepared. The synthesized samples were named PFXL-1, PFXL-2, PFXL-3, and PFXL-4 according to their degree of substitution (from low to high). The structures of FXL and PFXL were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the results indicated the successful introduction of phosphate groups. FXL and PFXL were composed of two types of sugar, fructose and glucose, with a molar ratio of 0.977:0.023. The SEM results showed that phosphorylation changed the morphology of FXL from an irregular mass to small spherical aggregates. The XRD pattern showed that the crystallinity was reduced by the introduction of phosphate groups. The Mw of FXL was 2649 g/mol, and the Mw of PFXL-4 increased the most (2965 g/mol). Additionally, PFXL was more stable and uniform, and the absolute value of the PFXL potential reached 7.83 mV. Phosphorylation decreased the weight loss rate of FXL and improved the viscoelastic properties and antioxidant activity of FXL. This study presents a method for the modification of FXL, demonstrating that phosphorylation can enhance its physicochemical properties and physiological activity and suggesting its potential as a functional food and quality modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Huainan Peng
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chonghui Yue
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Libo Wang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhouya Bai
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Peiyan Li
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Denglin Luo
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
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11
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Chen X, Li M, Shao R, Cheng S, Chen J, Xiao Y, Cheng J. Green tea polysaccharide conjugates and bovine serum albumin have a synergistic effect in improving the emulsification ability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128692. [PMID: 38092120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that green tea polysaccharide conjugate (gTPC) has emulsion effect, but its emulsifying ability is weak. In order to improve the emulsification ability of gTPC, gTPC and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were combined to form five different mass proportions of the TPC/BSA (TB) complex: TPC/BSA: 5:1, 5:2, 5:3, 5:4, and 5:5 w/w. We observed that the 5:5 w/w TB emulsion was more hydrophobic and surface-active. Furthermore, the emulsions prepared using 50.00 wt% medium-chain triglycerides exhibited the best stability. In addition, the TB emulsion exhibited stability in adverse environments of pH, salt, and heat; in particular, under salt conditions, no significant changes were observed in zeta potential. Subsequently, in vitro simulated digestion experiments were performed to investigate the use of TB emulsions for β-carotene encapsulation. We observed that the encapsulation efficiency for β-carotene was approximately 90.0 %; it was subsequently released in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Mengyang Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ruixiang Shao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Junhua Cheng
- Hubei Sanhua Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co., LTD, Huangshi 435112, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Chen R, Li Q, Lai X, Wen S, Cao J, Lai Z, Li Z, Sun S. Recent insights into the physicochemical properties, bioactivities and their relationship of tea polysaccharides. Food Chem 2024; 432:137223. [PMID: 37669580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides (TPS) is receiving global concern in past years due to their therapeutic effects in many diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Many publications imply that the unique physicochemical properties and bioactivities of TPS are prerequisites for its use as a biofilm, drug carrier and emulsifier. Despite numerous healthy benefits, studies on the in-deep structure-activity relationship of TPS still not well explored and explained yet. The main reasons for the research limitation are attributed mainly to the unbreakable advanced structural research technology and the formation of TPS conjugates. The present review also summarizes some similar parameters in primary structure of TPS with better bioactivities, discusses the relationships between their physicochemical properties and bioactivities, and suggests that function-specific TPS would be obtained in the future if the links between preparation methods, physicochemical properties and bioactivities of TPS could be well understood and established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shuai Wen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Junxi Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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13
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Liu G, Li Y, Liang L, Liu X, Xu X, Wen C. Advance in Morchella sp. polysaccharides: Isolation, structural characterization and structure-activity relationship: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125819. [PMID: 37455001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Morchella sp. is a kind of precious medicinal and edible fungus with a unique flavor and is rich in various amino acids and organic germanium needed by the human body. Most notably, Morchella sp. polysaccharides have attracted widespread attention due to their significant bioactivity in recent years. At present, extensive studies have been carried out on the extraction methods, structural characterization and activity evaluation of Morchella sp. polysaccharides, which provides a good theoretical basis for its further development and application. However, the systematic summary of the related research of Morchella sp. polysaccharides has not been reported yet. Therefore, this review mainly focused on the isolation and purification methods, structural characterization, biological activities and structure-activity relationship of Morchella sp. polysaccharides. This work will help to have a better in-depth understanding of Morchella sp. polysaccharides and provide a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Youdong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Li Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Chaoting Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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14
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Huang W, Hua MZ, Li S, Chen K, Lu X, Wu D. Application of atomic force microscopy in the characterization of fruits and vegetables and associated substances toward improvement in quality, preservation, and processing: nanoscale structure and mechanics perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37585698 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2242944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are essential horticultural crops for humans. The quality of fruits and vegetables is critical in determining their nutritional value and edibility, which are decisive to their commercial value. Besides, it is also important to understand the changes in key substances involved in the preservation and processing of fruits and vegetables. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a powerful technique for investigating biological surfaces, has been widely used to characterize the quality of fruits and vegetables and the substances involved in their preservation and processing from the perspective of nanoscale structure and mechanics. This review summarizes the applications of AFM to investigate the texture, appearance, and nutrients of fruits and vegetables based on structural imaging and force measurements. Additionally, the review highlights the application of AFM in characterizing the morphological and mechanical properties of nanomaterials involved in preserving and processing fruits and vegetables, including films and coatings for preservation, bioactive compounds for processing purposes, nanofiltration membrane for concentration, and nanoencapsulation for delivery of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the strengths and weaknesses of AFM for characterizing the quality of fruits and vegetables and the substances involved in their preservation and processing are examined, followed by a discussion on the prospects of AFM in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Growth and Development), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Marti Z Hua
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shenmiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Growth and Development), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Growth and Development), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Li X, An S, Luo Z, Zhou P, Wang L, Feng R. Polysaccharides from the hard shells of Juglans regia L. modulate intestinal function and gut microbiota in vivo. Food Chem 2023; 412:135592. [PMID: 36736188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of polysaccharides from the hard shells ofJuglans regiaL. (JRP) on intestinal function and gut microbiota of mice. The results showed that JRP could increase the colonic length and colonic index, and ameliorate the histological characteristics of colon. JRP had a positive effect on immunity of mice by improving immune organ indexes. Owing to enhancement of intestinal peristalsis and increase of colonic fecal moisture by JRP, the defecation time was significantly reduced. After gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, JRP was metabolized by intestinal microorganisms to produce short chain fatty acids, thereby lowering the pH of intestine. Through microbial community analysis, the composition of gut microbiota was modulated by JRPvia increasing theabundances of beneficial bacteriaand decreasing the richness of harmful bacteria. This study suggests that JRP can be served as an excellent prebiotic to promote intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Siying An
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Ru Feng
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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16
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Chen X, Yang T, Huang Q, Li B, Ding X, Hou Y. Comparative Studies on the Structure and Biological Activities of Two New Polysaccharides from Tricholoma sinoportentosum (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092227. [PMID: 37177371 PMCID: PMC10180919 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important active ingredients of living organisms. In this study, two new polysaccharides, Tricholoma sinoportentosum polysaccharide (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P), were extracted and purified using anion exchange column chromatography. The structure of each polysaccharide was identified by HPGPC, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS and NMR, and the biological activities were also investigated. The results of the structure identification showed that TS-P was composed of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 1:1:3:2 and its main chain was composed of (1→4)-Arap residues, (1→4,6)-D-Manp residues and two (1→6)-Galp residues. The TA-P was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 2:4:8. Its main chain was composed of two (1→4)-β-L-Arap residues, one (1→4)-Glcp residues, three (1→2,6)-Galp residues and five (1→6)-Galp residues. The immunoassay showed that TS-P and TA-P could significantly promote the proliferation of T cells, B cells and RAW264.7 cells. The cell cycle results showed that for B cells and macrophages, TS-P and TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle; for T cells, TS-P affected G2/M phase, while TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases. TS-P could significantly promote B cells to secrete IgA, IgG and IgD (p < 0.01), while TA-P could significantly promote the secretion of IgA and IgG (p < 0.01). The chemical structure and biological activity of TS-P and TA-P were first studied and compared to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of fungal polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resource Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Xichong Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xichong 637299, China
| | - Biao Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Dazhou City, Dazhou 635099, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Yiling Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
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17
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Zhu M, Ouyang J, Zhou F, Zhao C, Zhu W, Liu C, Huang P, Li J, Tang J, Zhang Z, Huang J, Wu M, Wang K, Liu Z. Polysaccharides from Fu brick tea ameliorate obesity by modulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related short chain fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 118:109356. [PMID: 37087075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT) is a traditional tea manufactured by solid-state fermentation of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). Although anti-obesity effects have been reported for FBT, the associated role of FBT polysaccharides (PSs) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that FBTPSs inhibited obesity, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation; improved intestinal barrier function; and alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed rats. Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides, Parasutterella, Desulfovibrio, and Blautia were the core microbes regulated by FBTPSs. FBTPSs regulated the production of gut microbiota-related metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids, and aromatic amino acids throughout the development of obesity, and regulated the SCFA-GPR signaling pathway. FBTPS-treated fecal microbiota transplant ameliorated obesity, alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and improved gut microbiota-associated metabolites, suggesting that the anti-obesity effect of FBTPSs was gut microbiota-dependent. FBTPSs may serve as novel prebiotic agents for the treatment of obesity and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chenjie Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wan Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunfang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Peifang Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Junwei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- China Tea (Hunan) Anhua 1st Factory Co., Ltd., Yiyang, 413500, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China..
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18
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Wu G, Gu W, Chen G, Cheng H, Li D, Xie Z. Interactions of tea polysaccharides with gut microbiota and their health-promoting effects to host: Advances and perspectives. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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19
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Xiang G, Sun H, Chen Y, Guo H, Liu Y, Li Y, Lu C, Wang X. Antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of tea polysaccharides with different degrees of fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:224-233. [PMID: 36529215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Four polysaccharides (GTPS, OTPS, BTPS and DTPS) were extracted from green tea, oolong tea, black tea and dark tea respectively. The physical and chemical properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were studied. Structural analysis showed that these tea polysaccharides were glycoprotein complexes, and there were significant differences in microstructure, protein, total sugar and uronic acid content. They were all composed of multiple monosaccharides and different molar ratios. In terms of antioxidant activity, completely fermented BTPS and DTPS had higher activity. Regarding to hypoglycemic effects, BTPS showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. And in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mice, Oral BTPS significantly controlled the levels of blood glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C, Cr, UREA, ALT and AST in diabetic mice, and improved insulin resistance. Histopathological observation further confirmed that BTPS can alleviate liver injury caused by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Data showed that BTPS significantly improved hyperglycemia and liver function in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiang
- College of Horticulturen, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huaping Sun
- College of Horticulturen, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Changfang Lu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianxiang Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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20
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The Interaction between Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Gut Microbiota in the Antioxidant Effects of Extracts from Sonchus brachyotus DC. in Oxazolone-Induced Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Adult Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010192. [PMID: 36671053 PMCID: PMC9854779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues that eventually leads to the production of various diseases. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effects of the extract from Sonchus brachyotus DC. (SBE) based on the 0.2% oxazolone-induced intestinal oxidative stress model of zebrafish. Compared to the model group, the treatment group alleviated oxazolone-induced intestinal tissue damage and reduced the contents of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, and TNF-α and then increased the contents of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and IL-10. The 16s rDNA gene sequencing findings demonstrated that SBE could increase the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes and decrease the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Based on the correlation analysis between the oxidative stress biomarkers and intestinal flora, we found that the trends of oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly correlated with intestinal microorganisms, especially at the genus level. The correlations of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly negative with Shewanella, while SOD, GSH-Px, and IL-10 were significantly positive with Cetobacterium, Gemmobacter, and Flavobacterium. Consequently, we concluded that the antioxidant effect of SBE was realized through the interaction between oxidative stress biomarkers and gut microbiota.
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21
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Formation Optimization, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Auricularia auricula-judae Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Obtained via Antisolvent Precipitation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207037. [PMID: 36296630 PMCID: PMC9608221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide (AAP)-based nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via an anti-solvent precipitation approach were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) design was carried out on the basis of single factor experiments, using average size and polydispersity index (PDI) as indicators. The optimal preparation conditions were determined to include an AAP concentration of 1 mg/mL, a pH of 8, and an anti-solvent/solvent volume ratio of 6. The average particle sizes of the AAP-NPs, PDI and electrical characteristic (ζ-potential) were found to be 150.27 ± 3.21 nm, 0.135 ± 0.012 and -31.10 ± 0.52 mV, respectively. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the chemical structure of the AAP-NPs. It was observed that the intensity of AAP-NPs in the wide spectral band of 3000-3750 cm-1 was significantly stronger than that of the AAP, as was the characteristic peak of carboxyl anion, and the characteristic band moved to shorter wavelengths. Subsequent thermogravimetric analysis showed that the antisolvent precipitation method improved the thermal stability of the AAP, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the morphology of AAP-NPs was uniform and well-distributed, and that their single crystal structures had remained unaffected during the process. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of AAP-NPs were increased, and the IC50 values were 0.544 ± 0.241 mg/mL and 0.755 ± 0.226 mg/mL, respectively.
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Tang D, Shen Y, Li F, Yue R, Duan J, Ye Z, Lin Y, Zhou W, Yang Y, Chen L, Wang H, Zhao J, Li P. Integrating metabolite and transcriptome analysis revealed the different mechanisms of characteristic compound biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation in tea flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1016692. [PMID: 36247612 PMCID: PMC9557745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1016692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of tea plants (Camellia sinensis), as well as tea leaves, contain abundant secondary metabolites and are big potential resources for the extraction of bioactive compounds or preparation of functional foods. However, little is known about the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of those metabolites in tea flowers, such as terpenoid, flavonol, catechins, caffeine, and theanine. This study finely integrated target and nontarget metabolism analyses to explore the metabolic feature of developing tea flowers. Tea flowers accumulated more abundant terpenoid compounds than young leaves. The transcriptome data of developing flowers and leaves showed that a higher expression level of later genes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, such as Terpene synthases gene family, in tea flowers was the candidate reason of the more abundant terpenoid compounds than in tea leaves. Differently, even though flavonol and catechin profiling between tea flowers and leaves was similar, the gene family members of flavonoid biosynthesis were selectively expressed by tea flowers and tea leaves. Transcriptome and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the regulatory mechanism of flavonol biosynthesis was perhaps different between tea flowers and leaves. However, the regulatory mechanism of catechin biosynthesis was perhaps similar between tea flowers and leaves. This study not only provides a global vision of metabolism and transcriptome in tea flowers but also uncovered the different mechanisms of biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of those important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- College of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianwei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhili Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lixiao Chen
- Municipal Research Institute for Processing of Agricultural and Featured Products, Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Science, Shiyan, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Yao J, Liu H, Ma C, Pu L, Yang W, Lei Z. A Review on the Extraction, Bioactivity, and Application of Tea Polysaccharides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154679. [PMID: 35897856 PMCID: PMC9329993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is a non-alcoholic drink containing various active ingredients, including tea polysaccharides (TPSs). TPSs have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, and anti-cancer activities. However, TPSs have a complex composition, which significantly limits the extraction and isolation methods, thus limiting their application. This paper provides insight into the composition, methodological techniques for isolation and extraction of the components, biological activities, and functions of TPSs, as well as their application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiwei Lei
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-851-83761972
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Miao XL, Ma HM, Ke QH, Wang SY, Zhou HF, Zheng M. The determination of monosaccharide in different years Qingzhuan Dark Tea polysaccharide by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:577-589. [PMID: 35128737 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To establish a fast, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for determining the monosaccharide content of Qingzhuan Dark Tea polysaccharides in different years (2 years, 5 years and 11 years). METHODS The optimised chromatographic conditions were achieved on a C18 column (5.0 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm inner diameter). The mobile phase flow rate was 0.9 mL/min and the column temperature was set to 27°C. The aqueous phase A (5 mM aqueous ammonium acetate) and organic phase B (acetonitrile) were used to elute the target analyses isocratically (0-60 min: 18% B). The mass spectrometer detector was equipped with an electron spray ionisation (ESI)source, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for the determination of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derived monosaccharides. RESULTS We carried out a comprehensive methodological validation of PMP derived monosaccharides, including linearity, precision, stability and repeatability. Nine monosaccharides (rhamnose, mannose, ribose, glucose, galacturonic acid, xylose, galactose, fucose and arabinose) of Qingzhuan Dark Tea polysaccharides were identified, in which ribose and fucose were reported for the first time. The results showed the contents of these nine monosaccharides differed significantly among different years. CONCLUSIONS The validated method is reliable, accurate, repeatable and can be applied to quality assessment of these monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Miao
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Qin-Hao Ke
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Shi-Yue Wang
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Fu Zhou
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
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Wang S, Zeng T, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Feng C, Zhan J, Li S, Ho CT, Gosslau A. Multifunctional health-promoting effects of oolong tea and its products. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Hu T, Wu P, Zhan J, Wang W, Shen J, Wang M, Ho CT, Li S. Structure variety and its potential effects on biological activity of tea polysaccharides. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bag S, Mondal A, Majumder A, Banik A. Tea and its phytochemicals: Hidden health benefits & modulation of signaling cascade by phytochemicals. Food Chem 2022; 371:131098. [PMID: 34634647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages, is prepared from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis. The promising health recompenses of tea have been linked to its different phenolic components, which have diverse biological characteristics. Tea also contains several flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic, theanine, etc., which are associated with anti-oxidant characteristics and a variety of health benefits. It can also lower the pervasiveness of neurological disorders as well as prevent different types of cancer, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, urinary stone, obesity, type 2 diabetes. Keeping in mind that tea helps to improve health and prevents many diseases, its consumption has been regarded as a "health-promoting habit" and current medical investigators have established the scientific basis for this concept over time. The current review provides new updated information and perspectives on the tea phytochemicals and their overall health benefits based on molecular processes, experimental studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Bag
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Mondal
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anusha Majumder
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Liu X, Liu X, Kusaykin MI, Zhang M, Bai X, Cui T, Shi Y, Liu C, Jia A. Structural characterization of a P-selectin and EGFR dual-targeting fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:86-95. [PMID: 34968550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we obtained fucoidans SFP, SHP, STP, and FVP from Sargassum fusiforme, Sargassum horneri, Sargassumthunbergii, and Fucus vesiculosus, respectively. Chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles (Cs/F NPs) were prepared using the fucoidans mentioned above. SFP NPs and SHP NPs showed strong binding abilities to P-selectin and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). Given the yields from the alga, SFP was first selected to explore the structural characteristics of the P-selectin and EGFR dual-targeting fucoidan. SFP had an estimated molecular weight of 739 kDa and was mainly composed of galactose (26.57%, mol%) and fucose (66.81%), with minor amounts of mannose (2.54%), glucosamine (0.42%), and glucose (3.66%). Galactose and fucose accounted for thevast majority. Further investigation, including methylation analysis, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy, was performed to reveal the fine structure of SFP. The results indicated that SFP mainly consisted of → 3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →4)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →3,4)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and minor → 6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, partially sulfated at the C-4 of → 3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, C-3 of → 4)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, C-3 of → 6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and C-6 of → 3)-β-d-Galp-(1 → . Sulfated fuco- and galactofuco-segments formed the branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Mikhail I Kusaykin
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Miansong Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Bai
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Yaping Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Changheng Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Airong Jia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China.
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Characterization of Acidic Tea Polysaccharides from Yellow Leaves of Wuyi Rock Tea and Their Hypoglycemic Activity via Intestinal Flora Regulation in Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040617. [PMID: 35206093 PMCID: PMC8871580 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioactive acidic tea polysaccharide from yellow leaves of Wuyi rock tea was successively prepared via DEAE-52 and Superdex-200 columns. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the main glycosidic bonds were composed of α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, Arap-(1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →2,4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →3,4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→, α-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→. The molecular weight was 3.9285 × 104 Da. The hypoglycemic effect of acidic tea polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rats was evaluated through histopathology and biochemistry analysis. The acidic tea polysaccharide could improve plasma and liver lipid metabolism. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the composition of the intestinal flora changed drastically after treatment, namely, blooms of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Dorea, and Oscillospira, and a strong reduction in Desulfovibrio and Lactobacillus. The above results illustrated that tea polysaccharides might serve as an effective ingredient to ameliorate glucose metabolism disorders and intestinal flora in hyperglycemic rats.
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Wan Y, Xu X, Gilbert RG, Sullivan MA. A Review on the Structure and Anti-Diabetic (Type 2) Functions of β-Glucans. Foods 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 35010185 PMCID: PMC8750484 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, a long-term chronic metabolic disease, causes severe and increasing economic and health problems globally. There is growing evidence that β-glucans can function as bioactive macromolecules that help control type 2 diabetes with minimal side effects. However, conflicting conclusions about the antidiabetic activities of β-glucans have been published, potentially resulting from incomplete understanding of their precise structural characteristics. This review aims to increase clarity on the structure-function relationships of β-glucans in treating type 2 diabetes by examining detailed structural and conformational features of naturally derived β-glucans, as well as both chemical and instrumental methods used in their characterization, and their underlying anti-diabetic mechanisms. This may help to uncover additional structure and function relationships and to expand applications of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Robert G. Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Comparative study on the structure characterization and immune activity of Lactarius vellereus Fr. polysaccharide (LV-1) and Cordyceps militaris (L. ex Fr.) Link. polysaccharide (CM-S). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Xu A, Lai W, Chen P, Awasthi MK, Chen X, Wang Y, Xu P. A comprehensive review on polysaccharide conjugates derived from tea leaves: Composition, structure, function and application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Fiedot-Toboła M, Dmochowska A, Potaniec B, Czajkowska J, Jędrzejewski R, Wilk-Kozubek M, Carolak E, Cybińska J. Gallic Acid Based Black Tea Extract as a Stabilizing Agent in ZnO Particles Green Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1816. [PMID: 34361207 PMCID: PMC8308264 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, zinc oxide particles (ZnO NPs) green synthesis with the application of black tea extract (BT) is presented. A thorough investigation of the properties of the extract and the obtained materials was conducted by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and quadrupole mass spectroscopy (QMS). The obtained results indicated that the amount of used BT strongly influenced the morphology, chemical, and crystalline structure of the obtained particles. The investigation demonstrated that the substance present in black tea (BT) extract, which was adsorbed on the ZnO surface, was in fact gallic acid. It was found that gallic acid controls the crystallization process of ZnO by temporarily blocking the zinc cations. Additionally, these organic molecules interact with the hydroxide group of the precipitant. This blocks the dehydration process stabilizing the zinc hydroxide forms and hinders its transformation into zinc oxide. Performed measurements indicated that obtained ZnO particles have great antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which are significantly correlated with ZnO-gallic acid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fiedot-Toboła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna Dmochowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Bartłomiej Potaniec
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Joanna Czajkowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Roman Jędrzejewski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Magdalena Wilk-Kozubek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Ewa Carolak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (R.J.); (M.W.-K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Str., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Xia S, Zhai Y, Wang X, Fan Q, Dong X, Chen M, Han T. Phosphorylation of polysaccharides: A review on the synthesis and bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:946-954. [PMID: 34182000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are macromolecules obtained from a wide range of sources and are known to have diverse biological activities. The biological activities of polysaccharides depend on their structure and physicochemical properties, including water solubility, monosaccharide composition, degree of branching, molecular structure, and molecular weight. Phosphorylation is a commonly used chemical modification method that improves the physicochemical properties of native polysaccharides, thus enhancing their biological activity, or even imparting novel biological activity. Therefore, phosphorylated polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention owing to their antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. In this review, we have discussed recent advances in the phosphorylation of polysaccharides, and the methods used for phosphorylation, structural characterization, and determination of biological activities, to provide a theoretical basis for the use of polysaccharides. The structure-activity relationship of phosphorylated polysaccharides and their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yongcong Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qirui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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35
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Influencing Factors on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Tea Polysaccharides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113457. [PMID: 34200163 PMCID: PMC8201348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides (TPSs) are one of the main bioactive constituents of tea with various biological activities such as hypoglycemic effect, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory. The bioactivities of TPSs are directly associated with their structures such as chemical composition, molecular weight, glycosidic linkages, and conformation among others. To study the relationship between the structures of TPSs and their bioactivities, it is essential to elucidate the structure of TPSs, particularly the fine structures. Due to the vast variation nature of monosaccharide units and their connections, the structure of TPSs is extremely complex, which is also affected by several major factors including tea species, processing technologies of tea and isolation methods of TPSs. As a result of the complexity, there are few studies on their fine structures and chain conformation. In the present review, we aim to provide a detailed summary of the multiple factors influencing the characteristics of TPS chemical structures such as variations of tea species, degree of fermentation, and preparation methods among others as well as their applications. The main aspects of understanding the structural difference of TPSs and influencing factors are to assist the study of the structure and bioactivity relationship and ultimately, to control the production of the targeted TPSs with the most desired biological activity.
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Natural Food Polysaccharides Ameliorate Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Mechanisms. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061288. [PMID: 34199820 PMCID: PMC8227517 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides and their metabolites’ short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have attracted much attention. Recently, they have shown great potential in attenuating systemic inflammation activities, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a complex pathological process and is related to epithelial damage and microbiota imbalance in the gut. Recent studies have indicated that natural polysaccharides could improve IBD recovery by different mechanisms. They could not only influence the ratio of intestine microbiota, but also regulate the secretion levels of immunity cytokines through multiple pathways, the latter including modulation of the TLR/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and stimulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, they could increase intestinal integrity and modulate oxidative stress. In this review, recent research about how natural polysaccharides impact the pathogenesis of IBD are summarized to prove the association between polysaccharides and disease recovery, which might contribute to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, improve intestine epithelial damage, reduce oxidative stress, sustain the balanced microenvironment of the intestines, and finally lower the risk of IBD.
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Fan M, Qian Y, Yue W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Ma S, Xu Y, Wang D. Preparation and characterization of metal-tea polysaccharide complexes and their inhibition on α-glucosidase. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13689. [PMID: 33817815 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The preparation method and the sources of metal elements may affect the activity of the metal-polysaccharide complex. In this study, four Fe-tea polysaccharide complexes were prepared and three tea polysaccharides (TPSs) from different seasons were extracted. Moreover, the binding mode of TPSs with internal and external metallic elements as well as their inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase was explored. The results revealed that the binding mode (-C-O-Fe and -C-Fe) of the Fe-TPS complex prepared at pH 5.0 was closer to TPS with internal metallic elements. The TPS with the least amount of internal metallic elements (61.72 mg/g) exhibited a high inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase (37.90%). The inhibitory activity of Fe-TPS on α-glucosidase was lower than that without Fe. But the quenching effect and the inhibition type of TPSs on α-glucosidase were not affected by metallic elements. Therefore, the metallic elements have the potential to reduce the hypoglycemic activity of TPS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this paper, TPS was extracted from crude tea in different seasons, and the effects of metallic elements in TPS on hypoglycemic activity, physicochemical properties, and structure of TPS were discussed. TPS metal complexes were prepared by adding Fe3+ or removing metallic elements, and the differences of internal metallic elements in TPS were discussed. It is of great academic significance to use tea pruned leaves and crude tea as potential resources to develop polysaccharide hypoglycemic products and to reveal the relationship between TPS metal ions and their structure and activity. In addition, it has guiding value for consumers to choose tea-producing regions and growers to choose chemical fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Ji X, Xiao Y, Xiao B, Peng P. Tea polysaccharides from Camellia sinensis: chemical analysis, structural characterization, and inhibition of HeLa cells activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1877957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xuening Ji
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wan YJ, Hong T, Shi HF, Yin JY, Koev T, Nie SP, Gilbert RG, Xie MY. Probiotic fermentation modifies the structures of pectic polysaccharides from carrot pulp. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117116. [PMID: 33142651 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that water-soluble polysaccharides from fermented carrot pulp (WSP-p) have stronger anti-diabetic effects than those from un-fermented carrot pulp (WSP-n). This study aimed to improve understanding of these functional differences by comparing their molecular structures. Weight-average molecular weights of WSP-p fractions were lower than those of the corresponding WSP-n fractions. While both WSPs had similar functional groups, more fragmented particles were observed on the surface of large particles of WSP-n than WSP-p. Monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis confirmed that both WSP-p and WSP-n were pectic polysaccharides, containing rhamnogalacturonan-I-type polysaccharides with 1,4-linked α-d-galacturonic acid residues and homogalacturonan regions with 1,4-GalpA linkages. 1H and 13C NMR showed that they had similar linkage patterns. These findings suggested that probiotic fermentation of WSP mainly cleaved the linkages between repeating units, and resulted in less polydisperse molecular size distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Todor Koev
- Food, Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China.
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Tel-Çayan G, Muhammad A, Deveci E, Duru ME, Öztürk M. Isolation, structural characterization, and biological activities of galactomannans from Rhizopogon luteolus and Ganoderma adspersum mushrooms. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2395-2403. [PMID: 33065160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential compounds that contribute to the biological activities of mushrooms. Two new galactomannans (Galactomannan I and II) were isolated from R. luteolus and G. adspersum. Their structures were characterized using FT-IR, 1D, and 2D-NMR techniques. Both isolated galactomannans I and II mainly include D-mannose and D-galactose in the molar percentages of 0.81:1.0 and 1:1.4, respectively. The GPC calculation demonstrated that the molecular weights are about 5240 and 5090 Da, respectively. Their structures comprise of β-(1,4)-mannose (Man) backbone units with α-(1,6)-galactose (Gal) single unit as a side group. The anticholinesterase activity of galactomannans was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was also measured by six assays (ABTS•+, DPPH•, O2•-, β-carotene-linoleic acid, metal chelating, and CUPRAC assays). Galactomannan II indicated close inhibitory activity to galantamine against AChE (61.04 ± 0.45%) and BChE (59.70 ± 1.15%) at 50 μg/mL concentration. Nevertheless, both galactomannans showed low antioxidant activity in all tests. This study reveals that mainly, Galactomannan II could be used as a new natural promising anticholinesterase agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsen Tel-Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Akhtar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ebru Deveci
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Konya Technical University, 42100 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
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Zhu J, Yu C, Han Z, Chen Z, Wei X, Wang Y. Comparative analysis of existence form for selenium and structural characteristics in artificial selenium-enriched and synthetic selenized green tea polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1408-1418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shi H, Wan Y, Li O, Zhang X, Xie M, Nie S, Yin J. Two-step hydrolysis method for monosaccharide composition analysis of natural polysaccharides rich in uronic acids. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Jiang L, Wang W, Wen P, Shen M, Li H, Ren Y, Xiao Y, Song Q, Chen Y, Yu Q, Xie J. Two water-soluble polysaccharides from mung bean skin: Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhu J, Chen Z, Zhou H, Yu C, Han Z, Shao S, Hu X, Wei X, Wang Y. Effects of extraction methods on physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from coarse green tea. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:241-250. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tang GY, Meng X, Gan RY, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Feng YB, Li S, Wei XL, Atanasov AG, Corke H, Li HB. Health Functions and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Tea Components: An Update Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6196. [PMID: 31817990 PMCID: PMC6941079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is widely consumed all over the world. Generally, tea is divided into six categories: White, green, yellow, oolong, black, and dark teas, based on the fermentation degree. Tea contains abundant phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, free amino acids, and saponins. However, the bioavailability of tea phytochemicals is relatively low. Thus, some novel technologies like nanotechnology have been developed to improve the bioavailability of tea bioactive components and consequently enhance the bioactivity. So far, many studies have demonstrated that tea shows various health functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and hepato-protective effects. Moreover, it is also considered that drinking tea is safe to humans, since reports about the severe adverse effects of tea consumption are rare. In order to provide a better understanding of tea and its health potential, this review summarizes and discusses recent literature on the bioactive components, bioavailability, health functions, and safety issues of tea, with special attention paid to the related molecular mechanisms of tea health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
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Sanz V, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H, Torres MD. Valorisation of Camellia sinensis branches as a raw product with green technology extraction methods. Curr Res Food Sci 2019; 2:20-24. [PMID: 32914107 PMCID: PMC7473358 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the study of tea stalks from pruning debris using environmental friendly extraction technology to offer new healthy properties. In the manufacturing tea industry, tea trees require to be pruned every year and most of their remains are discarded as a waste with no economic value. Microwave aqueous extraction and pressurized hot water extraction process (autohydrolysis) were used to recover bioactive compounds from the tea branches. Operating at a fixed solid: liquid ratio (1:15), the effect of the maximum heating temperatures from 140 to 220 °C was studied. Liquid extracts were analysed for total phenolic, oligosaccharides, protein, mineral and heavy metals content, as well as for antioxidant capacity. The antitumoral possibilities were also determined for selected samples. The obtained results indicated that both processes could be used as an alternative to recover bioactive compounds from tea wastes, although microwave-assisted extraction allowed saving time when compared with autohydrolysis processing. The temperature exhibited a relevant effect on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, decreasing with the microwave treatment and increasing with the autohydrolysis temperature. The obtained extracts could be adequate for incorporation in food and non-food fields. Tea pruning remains were valorised using green extractions by microwave (MW) and autohydolysis (AH). MW and AH were efficient technologies to recover bioactive compounds. Values above 40 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and 0.10 g Trolox/g extract were identified. Future applications in cosmetics, pharmacy or food industries should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sanz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - N Flórez-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - H Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M D Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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Dong Y, Pei F, Su A, Sanidad KZ, Ma G, Zhao L, Hu Q. Multiple fingerprint and fingerprint-activity relationship for quality assessment of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110944. [PMID: 31707031 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are known as one of the most important bioactive compounds in Flammulina velutipes. However, there is no accurate and comprehensive assessment method to evaluate and authenticate F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) from different sources. In this study, a multiple fingerprint analysis method including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established. The inhibitory activities of FVPs against HepG2 were measured and introduced into multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis to investigate fingerprint-activity relationship. The principal component analysis (PCA) scores showed that the polysaccharides extracted from 20 batches of different F. velutipes were highly similar, and substandard samples could be distinguished from the authentic polysaccharides clearly. The glucuronic acid could be considered as a marker for discrimination of white and yellow F. velutipes polysaccharides in HPLC fingerprints. Moreover, the HPLC fingerprint-growth inhibitory activity relationship illuminated that monosaccharides composition played an important role on the HepG2 growth inhibitory activity, and activity-associated markers (mannose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactose) were chosen to assess FVPs from different sources. The suggested HPLC fingerprint-activity relationship method provides an integrated strategy for the quality control of F. velutipes and its related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Anxiang Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Katherine Z Sanidad
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, MA, USA
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Deveci E, Çayan F, Tel-Çayan G, Duru ME. Structural characterization and determination of biological activities for different polysaccharides extracted from tree mushroom species. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12965. [PMID: 31489667 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical composition and structural characterization of polysaccharides of Fomes fomentarius (FF), Fuscoporia torulosa, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma applanatum (GAP), Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus igniarius, Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), and Porodaedalea pini (PP) tree mushrooms with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities were determined in this research. Total carbohydrate contents of the polysaccharides were ranged between 65.06 ± 6.76 and 88.27 ± 5.15 µg/mg and total protein contents were ranged between 3.18 ± 0.72 and 6.56 ± 1.25 µg/mg. Galactose, glucose, and mannose were identified as major monosaccharides in all polysaccharides using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FT-IR analysis showed the characteristic peaks of the polysaccharides and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection was used to determine the molecular weight of the polysaccharides. In β-carotene-linoleic acid assay FF (IC50 : 2.55 ± 0.40 µg/ml) displayed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas GAP indicated the highest antioxidant activity in cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (A0.50 :59.90 ± 0.53 μg/ml), ABTS•+ (IC50 : 16.62 ± 0.31 μg/ml), and DPPH• (IC50 : 45.58 ± 0.21 μg/ml) assays. In cholinesterase inhibitory activity test, PO (56.31±0.0.74%) showed significant inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polysaccharides from mushrooms are the major class of bioactive compounds with various biological activities. Several studies were performed on the biological activity of the polysaccharide extracts from different mushrooms. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition, structural characterization, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of extracted polysaccharides from studied mushrooms in detail. This investigation shows that polysaccharide extracts obtained from tree mushrooms show a significant bioactivity and these polysaccharides might be used as bioactive natural sources in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Deveci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Fatih Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Tel-Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Zhao YW, Guo D, Li CY, Ouyang JM. Comparison of the adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate to HK-2 cells before and after repair using tea polysaccharides. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4277-4292. [PMID: 31239679 PMCID: PMC6559723 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney stone formation is closely related to renal epithelial cell damage and the adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to cells. Methods: In this research, the adhesion of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) to calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals with a size of approximately 100 nm was studied. In addition, the inhibition of crystal adhesion by four tea polysaccharides (TPS0, TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3) with the molecular weights of 10.88, 8.16, 4.82, and 2.31 kDa, respectively were compared. Results: When oxalic acid-damaged HK-2 cells were repaired, cell viability increased. By contrast, reactive oxygen species level, phosphatidylserine eversion, and osteopontin expression decreased, thus indicating that tea polysaccharides have a repairing effect on damaged HK-2 cells. Moreover, after repairing the damaged cells, the amount of adherent crystals was reduced. The repair effect of tea polysaccharides is closely related to molecular weight, and TPS2 with the moderate molecular weight displayed the best repair effect. Conclusion: These results suggest that tea polysaccharides, especially TPS2, may inhibit the formation and recurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Guo
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang-Ye Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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Chen G, Chen R, Chen D, Ye H, Hu B, Zeng X, Liu Z. Tea Polysaccharides as Potential Therapeutic Options for Metabolic Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5350-5360. [PMID: 30474370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides (TPS) are regarded as some of the main bioactive constituents of tea made from the leaves and buds of the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis L.). An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TPS can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases. However, the potential mechanisms responsible for antidiabetic and antiobesogenic activities of TPS remain unclear. Therefore, the cellular and physiological mechanisms that underlie the antidiabetic and antiobesogenic effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects, inhibition of digestive enzymes, prevention of macronutrient absorption, and expression of gene and protein, were summarized in this review. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal functions of TPS and the role of gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases were discussed. It is expected that the present review will be helpful for enhancing our knowledge about the health-promoting effects of TPS on metabolic diseases and stimulating further works on TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
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