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Zhang M, Liu Z, Kang F, Wu K, Ni H, Han Y, Yang Y, Fu T, Yang G, Gao T, Han L. Is milk fat globule size correlated with milk fat content in Ruminants? Food Chem 2024; 439:138101. [PMID: 38043286 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In milk, fat exists in the form of milk fat globules (MFGs). The average size (average fat globules of different particle sizes) is the most common parameter when describing MFG size. There are different views on whether there is a correlation between MFG size and milk fat content. Is the MFG size correlated with milk fat content in ruminants? To address this question, we conducted two experiments. In experiment Ⅰ, dairy cows (n = 40) and dairy goats (n = 30) were each divided into a normal group and a low-fat group according to the milk fat content. In experiment Ⅱ, dairy cows (n = 16) and dairy goats (n = 12) were each divided into a normal group and a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced low-fat group. The normal groups were fed a basal diet, and the CLA-induced low-fat groups were fed the basal diet + 300 g/d CLA (cows) or the basal diet + 90 g/d CLA (goats). In both experiments, we determined the correlation between MFG size and milk composition and MFG distribution. The results showed that in the normal and low-fat groups of cows and goats, MFG size was not correlated with milk fat, protein, or lactose content or fat-to-protein ratio. Additionally, there was no difference in the distribution of large, medium, and small MFGs (P > 0.05). However, in the CLA-induced low-fat groups, we found a correlation between MFG size and milk fat content and fat-to-protein ratio (R2 > 0.3). Moreover, there was a significant change in the size distribution of MFGs. Therefore, in natural milk, MFG size was not correlated with milk fat content. Following CLA supplementation, MFG size was correlated with milk fat content. Our findings revealed that CLA and not milk fat affects MFG distribution and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Kuixian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Han Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Yingqian Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Yanbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Tong Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
| | - Liqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046 PR China.
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2
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Kankaanpää S, Nurmi M, Lampimäki M, Leskinen H, Nieminen A, Samoylenko A, Vainio SJ, Mäkinen S, Ahonen L, Kangasluoma J, Petäjä T, Viitala S. Comparative analysis of the effects of different purification methods on the yield and purity of cow milk extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e149. [PMID: 38938848 PMCID: PMC11080921 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) has been developing rapidly in parallel with the interest in EVs. However, commonly utilized protocols may not suit more challenging sample matrixes and could potentially yield suboptimal results. Knowing and assessing the pitfalls of isolation procedure to be used, should be involved to some extent for EV analytics. EVs in cow milk are of great interest due to their abundancy and large-scale availability as well as their cross-species bioavailability and possible use as drug carriers. However, the characteristics of milk EVs overlap with those of other milk components. This makes it difficult to isolate and study EVs individually. There exists also a lack of consensus for isolation methods. In this study, we demonstrated the differences between various differential centrifugation-based approaches for isolation of large quantities of EVs from cow milk. Samples were further purified with gradient centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and differences were analyzed. Quality measurements were conducted on multiple independent platforms. Particle analysis, electron microscopy and RNA analysis were used, to comprehensively characterize the isolated samples and to identify the limitations and possible sources of contamination in the EV isolation protocols. Vesicle concentration to protein ratio and RNA to protein ratios were observed to increase as samples were purified, suggesting co-isolation with major milk proteins in direct differential centrifugation protocols. We demonstrated a novel size assessment of vesicles using a particle mobility analyzer that matched the sizing using electron microscopy in contrast to commonly utilized nanoparticle tracking analysis. Based on the standards of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and the quick checklist of EV-Track.org for EV isolation, we emphasize the need for complete characterization and validation of the isolation protocol with all EV-related work to ensure the accuracy of results and allow further analytics and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Nurmi
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandJokioinenFinland
| | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Anni Nieminen
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- University of Oulu, Kvantum Institute, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Disease Networks Research UnitOulu UniversityOuluFinland
| | - Seppo J. Vainio
- University of Oulu, Kvantum Institute, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Disease Networks Research UnitOulu UniversityOuluFinland
| | - Sari Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandJokioinenFinland
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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3
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Massouras T, Charmanta AA, Koutsouli P, Masoura M, Politis I, Hettinga K. The Effect of Milking Frequency, Breed, and Stage of Lactation on the Milk Fat Globule Size and Fatty Acid Composition in Sheep's Milk. Foods 2023; 12:2446. [PMID: 37444184 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of milking frequency, breed, and stage of lactation on the milk fat globules (MFG) size and fatty acids (FA) composition of sheep milk. Milk from Karagouniko (n = 13) and Chios (n = 13) ewes was sampled postpartum on the 93rd, 101st, 108th, 121st, 156th, and 188th days of lactation. On the 108th day, the ewes were divided randomly into two milking groups: Once daily at 06:00 a.m. or twice daily at 06:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. Morphometric characteristics of MFG and FA composition were determined for each sample. Once versus twice daily milking had no effect on MFG dimensions, which tended to vary according to breed (smaller MFG were secreted from Chios with p = 0.065), while the stage of lactation had a significant effect (p < 0.001). FA composition differed significantly according to the stage of lactation and breed. The FA profile of the Karagouniko breed showed higher concentrations of short-chain FA. The milk samples from late lactation were characterized by higher concentrations of mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) compared to early and mid-lactation. Moreover, correlations were found between the average diameter of MFG and FA concentrations, where the size of MFG was positively correlated with saturated FA (SFA) and negatively correlated with MUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Massouras
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki-Alexandra Charmanta
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Koutsouli
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Masoura
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B12 2TT, UK
| | - Ioannis Politis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology Group, Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Jiang C, Zhang X, Yu J, Yuan T, Zhao P, Tao G, Wei W, Wang X. Comprehensive lipidomic analysis of milk polar lipids using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 393:133336. [PMID: 35691069 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polar lipids in milk are receiving increasing interest due to their bioactivities. However, milk polar lipids present a wide range of physical-chemical properties at different concentrations, making their analysis challenging. In this study, we presented a comprehensive lipidomic method using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography (UPSFC)-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS), which enabled the separation of 18 lipid classes (including nonpolar lipids, cholesterol, ceramide, glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelin, and gangliosides) within 10 min. The method was used to analyze the polar lipids in seven samples, including human milk, other mammalian milk and milk fat globule membrane ingredients, identifying 14 lipid classes containing 219 lipid molecular species. A mass spectrometry data processing strategy applicable for high-throughput studies was also developed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinghe Zhang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tinglan Yuan
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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5
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Sugii S, Wong CYQ, Lwin AKO, Chew LJM. Reassessment of adipocyte technology for cellular agriculture of alternative fat. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4146-4163. [PMID: 36018497 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative proteins, such as cultivated meat, have recently attracted significant attention as novel and sustainable food. Fat tissue/cell is an important component of meat that makes organoleptic and nutritional contributions. Although adipocyte biology is relatively well investigated, there is limited focus on the specific techniques and strategies to produce cultivated fat from agricultural animals. In the assumed standard workflow, stem/progenitor cell lines are derived from tissues of animals, cultured for expansion, and differentiated into mature adipocytes. Here, we compile information from literature related to cell isolation, growth, differentiation, and analysis from bovine, porcine, chicken, other livestock, and seafood species. A diverse range of tissue sources, cell isolation methods, cell types, growth media, differentiation cocktails, and analytical methods for measuring adipogenic levels were used across species. Based on our analysis, we identify opportunities and challenges in advancing new technology era toward producing "alternative fat" that is suitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sugii
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore.,Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yeh Qi Wong
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Angela Khin Oo Lwin
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Lamony Jian Ming Chew
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore
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6
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Mohamed HJJ, Lee EKH, Woo KCK, Sarvananthan R, Lee YY, Zabidi‐Hussin ZAMH. Brain
–
immune
–
gut
benefits with early life supplementation of milk fat globule membrane. JGH OPEN 2022; 6:454-461. [PMID: 35822117 PMCID: PMC9260205 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has been recognized as a milk component for more than 60 years, but its exact benefits remain unknown. Research on human MFGM has revealed that the membrane holds a host of bioactive components with potential benefits for the brain–immune–gut (BiG) axis in early life. Gangliosides and sphingomyelin, components within the MFGM, have been included in infant formulas for many years. Recent advancements in dairy milk processing have allowed the successful separation of MFGM from bovine milk, enabling it to be used for supplementing infant formulas. Evidence indicates the potential benefits of MFGM in early life supplementation, including better cognitive development, reduction of infection risks, and modulation of the gut microbiome. However, larger and more robust randomized trials are needed, in addition to long‐term outcome data beyond the infancy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia
| | - ZAMH Zabidi‐Hussin
- School of Medicine International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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7
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Blinov AV, Siddiqui SA, Blinova AA, Khramtsov AG, Oboturova NP, Nagdalian АА, Simonov AN, Ibrahim SA. Analysis of the dispersed composition of milk using photon correlation spectroscopy. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Garhwal R, Sangwan K, Mehra R, Kumar N, Bhardwaj A, Pal Y, Buttar HS, Kumar H. A Systematic Review of the Bioactive Components, Nutritional Qualities and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Donkey Milk. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Wei W, Li D, Jiang C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Jin Q, Zhang X, Wang X. Phospholipid composition and fat globule structure II: Comparison of mammalian milk from five different species. Food Chem 2022; 388:132939. [PMID: 35447582 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We compared phospholipids (PLs) content, their molecular species, and milk fat globules size and microstructure in the milk of five mammalian species, including human, cow, goat, yak, and donkey. The absolute quantification of major PLs was determined using 31P NMR and their fatty acid composition with GC. The molecular species of PLs were analysed using LC-MS where a total of 9 PL species, including one sphingomyelin (SM), six glycerophospholipid (GPL), and two lysoglycerophospholipids (lyso-GPLs), were identified. PLs profile shows an obvious difference among the species, with human milk showing higher SM content and more unsaturated fatty acyls than other mammalian milk. The mammalian milk show a similar core-membrane lipid structure but obvious different size distribution. These data provide a basis for better construction of infant formulas to provide PLs requirements and a similar milk fat globule structure for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Collage of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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10
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Albertos I, López M, Jiménez JM, Cao MJ, Corell A, Castro-Alija MJ. Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food. Front Nutr 2022; 9:872409. [PMID: 35464015 PMCID: PMC9024328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.872409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zamorano-Leonese donkey is the local breed of the Castilla y León region of Spain and is a protected endangered species. The best way to preserve it is to explore viable alternatives such as milk production. Unlike other donkey breeds, this one has not been previously characterised. The aim of this work is the complete nutritional characterisation of its milk for human consumption, either directly or as an ingredient, to meet the new consumer expectations of sustainability and health concerns. This breed did not differ from others in terms of amino acid and protein profile. Its low concentration of β-lactoglobulin may be correlated to a low allergenicity. The presence of lactozyme and lactoferrin, which are potent antimicrobials, stand out among the proteins. This milk presented a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, being oleic fatty acid the main one. Zamorano-Leonese donkey milk did have a higher content of vitamin C, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin E than the other donkey breeds. It also had a high concentration of vitamin D despite its low-fat content. However, its mineral concentration was lower than other donkey breeds in line with its lower ash content. In terms of micronutrients, it had a high amount of zinc and selenium. Based on these results we can conclude that donkey milk is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and the proper functioning of the immune system, as well as being a good source of protein. Therefore, donkey milk from this local species from Spain is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial nutritional properties and sustainable from an environmental point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María López
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María López,
| | - José-María Jiménez
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María José Cao
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Corell
- Department of Immunology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María José Castro-Alija
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Sats A, Yurchenko S, Kaart T, Tatar V, Lutter L, Jõudu I. Bovine colostrum: Postpartum changes in fat globule size distribution and fatty acid profile. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3846-3860. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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FREIRE LFDS, CRUZ GRB, COSTA RG, RIBEIRO NL, GUERRA RR, SOUSA S, LIMA AMD, SILVA GF, SANT’ANA AMDS, NASCIMENTO GVD. Glycerin diet affects the size of the fat globule and the fatty acid profile of goat's milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.85821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO
- Programa de Capacitação Institucional do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - George Vieira do NASCIMENTO
- Programa de Capacitação Institucional do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasil
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13
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Milk composition, fatty acids profile and fat globule size of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) milk at early lactation. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:577-583. [PMID: 34647223 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research data on milk composition in cetaceans are scattered and fragmentary. This paper analyses the gross and mineral composition, the fatty acids profile and the fat globule size of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) colostrum and milk at early lactation. The milk samplings were carried out on three lactating female of bottlenose dolphins at the 1st, 4-5 and 20- 42 day post partum. High percentages of dry matter (51.88%), fat (26.08%) and protein (13.83%) were found in the colostrum on the first day, while there was a tendency for these components to decrease in the milk. The average diameter the milk fat globule (7.07 μm) of this species was assessed for the first time. The milk was rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which were more than twice compared to the saturated fatty acids (unsaturated / saturated ratio = 2.6). The main fatty acids of dolphin milk were C16: 0, C16:1 n-7, C18: 1n-9, C20: 1 n-11 C20: 5 and C22:6n-3. Several FA tended to increase from colostrum to milk: C12: 0 doubled, C20: 1 n-7 and C22:1 n-11 tripled, C20: 1 n-9 quintupled in later milk samples. Differently, other FA tended to decrease: C18: 3 n-3 was approximately 4 times lower and C24: 0 and C24: 1 halved in milk compared to colostrum. In conclusion, this paper contributes to the knowledge of the nutritional value of milk from bottlenose dolphins maintained under human care. Higher content of nutritional components such as fat and protein was found in the first day colostrum compared to milk. Moreover, the findings of this study highlight abundance of unsaturated fatty acids and large sized milk fat globules in dolphin milk.
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14
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Bosco A, Toto M, Pintus R, Fanos V, Dessì A. Human milk sphingomyelins and metabolomics: an enigma to be discovered. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7649-7661. [PMID: 34362283 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1958314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins, the most abundant sphingolipids in most mammalian cells, appear to be among the most represented polar lipids in breast milk. Despite the variability of the data reported in the literature, human milk sphingomyelins are qualitatively unique and their quantities are five times higher than in most formula milk. The structural and functional role within the milk fat globule membranes, the involvement in neonatal neurological maturation both in neuro-typical development and in some pathological circumstances, together with the possible contribution in the intestinal development of newborns, are certainly among the main characteristics that have fueled the curiosity of the scientific world. Metabolomics studies, providing a unique metabolic fingerprint, allow an in-depth analysis of the role of these molecules in the extreme variability and uniqueness of breast milk. In the perspective of preventive medicine, at the base of which there is certainly personalized nutrition, it is possible, in the presence of particular conditions, such as neonatal growth retardation or in preterm infants, to consider supplementation of some target nutrients, such as certain sphingomyelins. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to more accurately assess whether and how the type and quantity of sphingomyelins present in breast milk could affect the metabolic health of newborns.HIGHLIGHTSBreast milk is the golden standard for infants' nutritionSphingomyelins are the most represented polar lipids in breast milkThese molecules are involved in both intestinal and neural developments of newbornsMetabolomics is a very useful tool to investigate their precise roleFurther studies are needed to provide eventual nutritional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bosco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Toto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelica Dessì
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Thum C, Roy NC, Everett DW, McNabb WC. Variation in milk fat globule size and composition: A source of bioactives for human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:87-113. [PMID: 34190660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs) are secreted from the mammalian gland and are composed of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a triple membrane structure, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The MFGM contains complex lipids and proteins reported to have nutritional, immunological, neurological and digestive functions. Human and ruminant milk are shown to share a similar MFG structure but with different size, profile and abundance of protein and polar lipids. This review summarizes the reported data on human, bovine, caprine and ovine MFG composition and concentration of bioactive components in different MFG-size fractions. A comprehensive understanding of compositional variations between milk from different species and MFG size fractions may help promote various milk sources as targeted supplements to improve human development and health. MFG size and MFGM composition are species-specific and affected by lactation, diet and breed (or maternal origin). Purification and enrichment methods for some bioactive proteins and lipids present in the MFGM have yet to be established or are not scaled sufficiently to be used to supplement human diets. To overcome this problem, MFG size selection through fractionation or herd selection may provide a convenient way to pre-enrich the MFG fraction with specific protein and lipid components to fulfill human dietary and health requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David W Everett
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Halder K, Sahu JK, Naik SN, Mandal S, Bag SK. Improvements in makkhan (traditional Indian cultured butter) production: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:1640-1654. [PMID: 33897003 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since Vedic times, traditional Indian cultured butter or makkhan has been one of the most demanding and extensively used food items in the village households of Indian subcontinent. Its processing and overall quality suffers due to the use of conventional practices, which has probably discouraged the production of product in organized sectors. No scientific intervention has taken place to improve the product quality and process since the inception of makkhan making. As an initiative towards the improvement, the present study is focused to prepare a detail scientific background on chemistry, quality attributes, utilization, preparation methods, and storage of product for identifying challenges and scopes of overall improvement in production status. To validate the opportunities identified for the improvements in production various approaches especially mechanized approaches are suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaresh Halder
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Huaz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Jatindra Kumar Sahu
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Huaz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Satya Narayan Naik
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Huaz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Surajit Mandal
- Faculty of Dairy Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Subrata Kumar Bag
- Faculty of Dairy Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
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Martini M, Licitra R, Altomonte I, Salari F. Quality of donkey mammary secretion during the first ten days of lactation. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Acevedo-Fani A, Dave A, Singh H. Nature-Assembled Structures for Delivery of Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential in Functional Foods. Front Chem 2020; 8:564021. [PMID: 33102443 PMCID: PMC7546791 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.564021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers are demanding more natural, healthy, and high-quality products. The addition of health-promoting substances, such as bioactive compounds, to foods can boost their therapeutic effect. However, the incorporation of bioactive substances into food products involves several technological challenges. They may have low solubility in water or poor stability in the food environment and/or during digestion, resulting in a loss of their therapeutic properties. Over recent years, the encapsulation of bioactive compounds into laboratory-engineered colloidal structures has been successful in overcoming some of these hurdles. However, several nature-assembled colloidal structures could be employed for this purpose and may offer many advantages over laboratory-engineered colloidal structures. For example, the casein micelles and milk fat globules from milk and the oil bodies from seeds were designed by nature to deliver biological material or for storage purposes. These biological functional properties make them good candidates for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds to aid in their addition into foods. This review discusses the structure and biological function of different nature-assembled carriers, preparation/isolation methods, some of the advantages and challenges in their use as bioactive compound delivery systems, and their behavior during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anant Dave
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Cheng L, Akkerman R, Kong C, Walvoort MTC, de Vos P. More than sugar in the milk: human milk oligosaccharides as essential bioactive molecules in breast milk and current insight in beneficial effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1184-1200. [PMID: 32329623 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1754756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the gold standard for newborn infants. Breast milk not only provides nutrients, it also contains bioactive components that guide the development of the infant's intestinal immune system, which can have a lifelong effect. The bioactive molecules in breast milk regulate microbiota development, immune maturation and gut barrier function. Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) are the most abundant bioactive molecules in human milk and have multiple beneficial functions such as support of growth of beneficial bacteria, anti-pathogenic effects, immune modulating effects, and stimulation of intestine barrier functions. Here we critically review the current insight into the benefits of bioactive molecules in mother milk that contribute to neonatal development and focus on current knowledge of hMO-functions on microbiota and the gastrointestinal immune barrier. hMOs produced via genetically engineered microorganisms are now applied in infant formulas to mimic the nutritional composition of breast milk as closely as possible, and their prospects and scientific challenges are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Cheng
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chunli Kong
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Brink LR, Herren AW, McMillen S, Fraser K, Agnew M, Roy N, Lönnerdal B. Omics analysis reveals variations among commercial sources of bovine milk fat globule membrane. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3002-3016. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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22
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Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Beals E, Kamita SG, Sacchi R, Demmer E, Rivera N, Rogers-Soeder TS, Gertz ER, Van Loan MD, German JB, Hammock BD, Smilowitz JT, Zivkovic AM. Addition of milk fat globule membrane-enriched supplement to a high-fat meal attenuates insulin secretion and induction of soluble epoxide hydrolase gene expression in the postprandial state in overweight and obese subjects. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e16. [PMID: 31080589 PMCID: PMC6498758 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CVD and associated metabolic diseases are linked to chronic inflammation, which can be modified by diet. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is a difference in inflammatory markers, blood metabolic and lipid panels and lymphocyte gene expression in response to a high-fat dairy food challenge with or without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Participants consumed a dairy product-based meal containing whipping cream (WC) high in saturated fat with or without the addition of MFGM, following a 12 h fasting blood draw. Inflammatory markers including IL-6 and C-reactive protein, lipid and metabolic panels and lymphocyte gene expression fold changes were measured using multiplex assays, clinical laboratory services and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Fold changes in gene expression were determined using the Pfaffl method. Response variables were converted into incremental AUC, tested for differences, and corrected for multiple comparisons. The postprandial insulin response was significantly lower following the meal containing MFGM (P < 0·01). The gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was shown to be more up-regulated in the absence of MFGM (P = 0·009). Secondary analyses showed that participants with higher baseline cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Chol:HDL) had a greater reduction in gene expression of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTBR) with the WC+MFGM meal. The protein and lipid composition of MFGM is thought to be anti-inflammatory. These exploratory analyses suggest that addition of MFGM to a high-saturated fat meal modifies postprandial insulin response and offers a protective role for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL.
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Key Words
- ARA, arachidonic acid
- CD14, cluster of differentiation 14
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- Chol:HDL, cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio
- Cytokines
- EPHX2, soluble epoxide hydrolase
- Inflammatory markers
- LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTBR, lymphotoxin β receptor
- MFGM, milk fat globule membrane
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- Milk fat globule membrane
- Overweight
- Postprandial inflammation
- SAA, serum amyloid A
- Saturated fat
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- WC, whipping cream
- iAUC, incremental AUC
- sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Beals
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S. G. Kamita
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R. Sacchi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E. Demmer
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N. Rivera
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - E. R. Gertz
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M. D. Van Loan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J. B. German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B. D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J. T. Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A. M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. Human milk fat substitutes: Past achievements and current trends. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:69-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Palombo V, Milanesi M, Sgorlon S, Capomaccio S, Mele M, Nicolazzi E, Ajmone-Marsan P, Pilla F, Stefanon B, D'Andrea M. Genome-wide association study of milk fatty acid composition in Italian Simmental and Italian Holstein cows using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:11004-11019. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Complex lipid globules in early-life nutrition improve long-term metabolic phenotype in intra-uterine growth-restricted rats. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:763-776. [PMID: 30109842 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with adverse metabolic outcome later in life. Healthy mice challenged with a Western-style diet (WSD) accumulated less body fat when previously fed a diet containing large lipid globules (complex lipid matrix (CLM)). This study was designed to clarify whether an early-life CLM diet mitigates 'programmed' visceral adiposity and associated metabolic sequelae after IUGR. In rats, IUGR was induced either by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (LIG) or sham operation (i.e. intra-uterine stress) of the dam on gestational day 19. Offspring from non-operated (NOP) dams served as controls. Male offspring of all groups were either fed CLM or 'normal matrix' control diet (CTRL) from postnatal days (PND) 15 to 42. Thereafter, animals were challenged with a mild WSD until dissection (PND 98). Fat mass (micro computer-tomograph scan; weight of fat compartments), circulating metabolic markers and expression of 'metabolic' genes (quantitative real-time PCR) were assessed. CLM diet significantly reduced visceral fat mass in LIG at PND 40. At dissection, visceral fat mass, fasted blood glucose, TAG and leptin concentrations were significantly increased in LIG-CTRL v. NOP-CTRL, and significantly decreased in LIG-CLM v. LIG-CTRL. Gene expression levels of leptin (mesenteric fat) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (liver) were significantly reduced in LIG-CLM v. LIG-CTRL. In conclusion, early-life CLM diet mitigated the adverse metabolic phenotype after utero-placental insufficiency. The supramolecular structure of dietary lipids may be a novel aspect of nutrient quality that has to be considered in the context of primary prevention of obesity and metabolic disease in at-risk populations.
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Wang CQ, Bai YS, Zhao X, Shi BM, Meng XY, Shan AS. Effects of feeding sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate diets to lactating sows on performance, digestibility of nutrients, composition, and fat globule size in milk. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:5091-5099. [PMID: 29293704 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) as a new feeding emulsifier diet with and without soybean oil (SO) on the milk fat globule (MFG) size, milk composition, digestibility of nutrients, and performance in lactating sows. Sixty sows (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment had 15 replicates composed of 1 sow. The factors included 1) the fat level (0% vs. 3% SO) and 2) the emulsifier content (0% vs. 0.1% SSL). Treatments included 1) Control (without SO and SSL), 2) SO (3% SO without SSL), 3) SSL (0.1% SSL without SO), and 4) SO + SSL (3% SO and 0.1% SSL). During the suckling period, sows in the SO + SSL group lost less back fat thickness ( < 0.05) compared to other groups; sows fed 3% SO diets consumed less feed ( < 0.05) compared to sows fed diets without SO, but there were no significant effects ( > 0.05) of dietary fat and its interaction with a dietary emulsifier on energy intake and the weaning-estrus interval. The digestibility of ether extract in the SO + SSL group was greater than in the SO group ( < 0.05). Moreover, greater digestibility of CP, Ca, and P in the SO+SSL group was observed compared to that of other groups ( < 0.05). Feeding the SO + SSL diet improved the concentrations of milk fat, protein, and total solids on d 11 of lactation compared to other diets ( < 0.05). Also, an interaction between supplemental SSL and SO was observed for the milk fat and total solids concentrations. The average diameter of MFG on d 11 of lactation was significantly decreased by the addition of 0.1% SSL compared to a diet with no SSL supplementation ( < 0.05). No significant differences among the dietary treatments were observed in cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in sows' plasma ( > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding a 0.1% SSL diet to lactating sows may decrease the average diameter of MFG and improve the digestibility of nutrients and composition of milk.
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Černíková M, Pachlová V, Holas O, Moudrá K, Slintáková K, Buňka F. The Effect of Dairy Fat Source on Viscoelastic Properties of Full‐Fat Processed Cheese Spreads. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Černíková
- Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Food TechnologyTomas Bata University in ZlínT.G. Masaryka 5555Zlín760 01Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pachlová
- Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Food TechnologyTomas Bata University in ZlínT.G. Masaryka 5555Zlín760 01Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Holas
- Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Food TechnologyTomas Bata University in ZlínT.G. Masaryka 5555Zlín760 01Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Moudrá
- Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Food TechnologyTomas Bata University in ZlínT.G. Masaryka 5555Zlín760 01Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Slintáková
- Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Food TechnologyTomas Bata University in ZlínT.G. Masaryka 5555Zlín760 01Czech Republic
| | - František Buňka
- Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Food TechnologyTomas Bata University in ZlínT.G. Masaryka 5555Zlín760 01Czech Republic
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Jukkola A, Rojas OJ. Milk fat globules and associated membranes: Colloidal properties and processing effects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 245:92-101. [PMID: 28457499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition and physical-chemical properties of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a subject that has gained increased interest in the field of food colloids, mainly because the nutritional and technological value of the MFGM. In fact, related changes in integrity and structure during milk processing pose a huge challenge as far as efforts directed to isolate the components of the fat globule membrane. MFGM characteristics and potential utilization are subjects of dissension. Thus, the effects of processing and the colloidal interactions that exist with other milk constituents need to be better understood in order to exploit milk fat and MFGM, their functionality as colloids as well as those of their components. These are the main subjects of this review, which also reports on the results of recent inquiries into MFGM structure and colloidal behavior.
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Fleming A, Schenkel F, Koeck A, Malchiodi F, Ali R, Corredig M, Mallard B, Sargolzaei M, Miglior F. Heritabilities of measured and mid-infrared predicted milk fat globule size, milk fat and protein percentages, and their genetic correlations. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3735-3741. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pegolo S, Stocco G, Mele M, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Factors affecting variations in the detailed fatty acid profile of Mediterranean buffalo milk determined by 2-dimensional gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2564-2576. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fleming A, Schenkel F, Chen J, Malchiodi F, Ali R, Mallard B, Sargolzaei M, Corredig M, Miglior F. Variation in fat globule size in bovine milk and its prediction using mid-infrared spectroscopy. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1640-1649. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Verardo V, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Arráez-Román D, Hettinga K. Recent Advances in Phospholipids from Colostrum, Milk and Dairy By-Products. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010173. [PMID: 28106745 PMCID: PMC5297805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most important foods for mammals, because it is the first form of feed providing energy, nutrients and immunological factors. In the last few years, milk lipids have attracted the attention of researchers due to the presence of several bioactive components in the lipid fraction. The lipid fraction of milk and dairy products contains several components of nutritional significance, such as ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, CLA, short chain fatty acids, gangliosides and phospholipids. Prospective cohort evidence has shown that phospholipids play an important role in the human diet and reinforce the possible relationship between their consumption and prevention of several chronic diseases. Because of these potential benefits of phospholipids in the human diet, this review is focused on the recent advances in phospholipids from colostrum, milk and dairy by-products. Phospholipid composition, its main determination methods and the health activities of these compounds will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Verardo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Ana Maria Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, c/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park (PTS) Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, EdificioBioregión, 18007 Granada, Spain.
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, c/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park (PTS) Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, EdificioBioregión, 18007 Granada, Spain.
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Salari F, Altomonte I, Ribeiro NL, Ribeiro MN, Bozzi R, Martini M. Effects of season on the quality of Garfagnina goat milk. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ragona G, Corrias F, Benedetti M, Paladini M, Salari F, Altomonte L, Martini M. Amiata Donkey Milk Chain: Animal Health Evaluation and Milk Quality. Ital J Food Saf 2016; 5:5951. [PMID: 27853717 PMCID: PMC5090121 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2016.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents an investigation of Amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. Thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. The following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Salmonella abortus equi, Equine viral arterithis virus, Equine herpesvirus type 1). In addition, individual milk samples were collected and analysed for mastitis-causing pathogens and milk quality. Regarding animal health, we detected a high prevalence of strongyle parasites in donkeys. It is very important to tackle parasitic diseases correctly. Selective control programmes are preferable in order to reduce anthelmintic drug use. For dairy donkeys, withdrawal periods from anthelmintic drugs need to be carefully managed, in accordance with EU and national regulations. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk highlights the importance of preventing contamination during milking, by adopting appropriate hygiene and safety practices at a farm level. Lysozyme activity was high compared to cow’s milk, contributing to the inhibitory activity against certain bacteria. Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks. Unsaturated fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids in particular have become known for their beneficial health effect, which is favourable for human diet. These characteristics make it suitable for infants and children affected by food intolerance/allergies to bovine milk proteins and multiple food allergies as well as for adults with dyslipidemias. It is also recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ragona
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lazio and Tuscany , Scandicci (FI), Italy
| | - Franco Corrias
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lazio and Tuscany , Scandicci (FI), Italy
| | - Martina Benedetti
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lazio and Tuscany , Scandicci (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Paladini
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lazio and Tuscany , Scandicci (FI), Italy
| | - Federica Salari
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agro-Environmental Research Enrico Avanzi, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, Pisa, Italy
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