1
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Graham B, Windsor IW, Raines RT. Inhibition of HIV-1 Protease by a Boronic Acid with High Oxidative Stability. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:171-175. [PMID: 36793428 PMCID: PMC9923841 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 protease is an important target for pharmaceutical intervention in HIV infection. Extensive structure-based drug design led to darunavir becoming a key chemotherapeutic agent. We replaced the aniline group of darunavir with a benzoxaborolone to form BOL-darunavir. This analogue has the same potency as darunavir as an inhibitor of catalysis by wild-type HIV-1 protease and, unlike darunavir, does not lose potency as an inhibitor of the common D30N variant. Moreover, BOL-darunavir is much more stable to oxidation than is a simple phenylboronic acid analogue of darunavir. X-ray crystallography revealed an extensive network of hydrogen bonds between the enzyme and benzoxaborolone moiety, including a novel direct hydrogen bond from a main-chain nitrogen to the carbonyl oxygen of the benzoxaborolone moiety that displaces a water molecule. These data highlight the utility of benzoxaborolone as a pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian
J. Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Sun T, Chen R, Huang Q, Ba M, Cai Z, Hu S, Liu X, Nardiello D, Quinto M. Chromatographic Separation of Aromatic Amine Isomers: A Solved Issue by a New Amphiphilic Pillar[6]arene Stationary Phase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56132-56142. [PMID: 36472861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the fabrication, synthesis, and characterization of a new stationary phase based on an amphiphilic pillar[6]arene (P6A-C10-2NH2) for gas chromatographic analyses are reported. The gas chromatography (GC) column prepared with P6A-C10-2NH2 stationary phase exhibited a medium polarity, an efficiency of 3219 plates/m, and unmatched resolving capabilities toward chloroaniline, bromoaniline, iodoaniline, and toluidine isomers. Furthermore, the P6A-C10-2NH2 column showed excellent repeatability with maximum relative standard deviations equal to 0.02, 0.07, and 2.56% for run-to-run, day-to-day, and column-to-column, respectively, demonstrating a great potential as a new stationary phase in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchen Huang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xianming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource, and Engineering (DAFNE), via Napoli 25, Foggia I-71122, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource, and Engineering (DAFNE), via Napoli 25, Foggia I-71122, Italy
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3
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Zhang L, Wang SL, Tan Y, Tao GH, Yuan WL, Fu J, Zhang GH, He L, Tao G. Hydrogen-bonding and "π-π" interaction promoted solution-processable mixed matrix membranes for aromatic amines detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128490. [PMID: 35739671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of hazardous compounds can alleviate risk to human health. However, it remains a challenge to develop easy-to-use testing tools for carcinogenic aromatic amines. Herein, we presented a conjugated molecule-based aniline detector, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), through the solution-processable strategy. The pentacene-based dispersed phase is achieved using the state-of-the-art ionic liquids (ILs) as the continuous phase, based on which MMMs are easily manufactured by a solution process. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanical calculations suggested that hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction between ILs cations and pentacene could promote the dissolution. These prepared MMMs can offer easy-operation and on-site detection of carcinogenic primary aromatic amines with eye-readable fluorescence signal. This work provides a paradigm for the design of a portable testing device for various hazardous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuang-Long Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunshu Tan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Hong Tao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Wen-Li Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Guo-Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Guohua Tao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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4
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Reisinger K, Fieblinger D, Heppenheimer A, Kreutz J, Liebsch M, Luch A, Maul K, Poth A, Strauch P, Dony E, Schulz M, Wolf T, Pirow R. The hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN): validation data set. Mutagenesis 2022; 37:61-75. [PMID: 34080017 PMCID: PMC9071061 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical in vitro genotoxicity test battery is known to be sensitive for indicating genotoxicity. However, a high rate of 'misleading positives' was reported when three assays were combined as required by several legislations. Despite the recent optimisations of the standard in vitro tests, two gaps could hardly be addressed with assays based on 2D monolayer cell cultures: the route of exposure and a relevant intrinsic metabolic capacity to transform pro-mutagens into reactive metabolites. Following these considerations, fertilised chicken eggs have been introduced into genotoxicity testing and were combined with a classical read-out parameter, the micronucleus frequency in circulating erythrocytes, to develop the hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN). As a major advantage, the test mirrors the systemic availability of compounds after oral exposure by reflecting certain steps of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) without being considered as an animal experiment. The assay is supposed to add to a toolbox of assays to follow up on positive findings from initial testing with classical in vitro assays. We here report on a validation exercise, in which >30 chemicals were tested double-blinded in three laboratories. The specificity and sensitivity of the HET-MN were calculated to be 98 and 84%, respectively, corresponding to an overall accuracy of 91%. A detailed protocol, which includes a picture atlas detailing the cell and micronuclei analysis, is published in parallel (Maul et al. Validation of the hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN): detailed protocol including scoring atlas, historical control data and statistical analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmar Fieblinger
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Liebsch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Maul
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Poth
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Pamela Strauch
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Eva Dony
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schulz
- ICCR-Roßdorf GmbH (formerly Harlan CCR GmbH), Rossdorf, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Pirow
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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5
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Xian G, Wang L, Wan X, Yan H, Cheng J, Chen Y, Lu J, Li Y, Li D, Dou J, Wang S. Two Multiresponsive Luminescent Zn-MOFs for the Detection of Different Chemicals in Simulated Urine and Antibiotics/Cations/Anions in Aqueous Media. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7238-7250. [PMID: 35504023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two Zn-MOFs, namely, {[Zn(L)0.5(bpea)]·0.5H2O·0.5DMF}n [LCU-113 (for Liaocheng University)] and {[Zn(L)0.5(ibpt)]·H2O·DMF}n (LCU-114), were synthesized based on flexible tetracarboxylic acid 1,3-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene (H4L) and different N-ligands [bpea = 1,2-dipyridyl ethane; ibpt = 3-(4'-imidazolobenzene)-5-(pyridine-4'-yl)-1,2,4-triazole]. LCU-113 and LCU-114 possess twofold interpenetrating three-dimensional pillared layer structures, in which a two-dimensional layer formed by carboxylic acid and Zn2+ ions was pillared by bpea and ibpt, respectively. The two complexes show high water stability and high luminescence sensing performance toward organic solvents, ions, and antibiotics, as well as chemicals, in simulated urine. The investigation showed that (1) LCU-113 and LCU-114 could detect uric acid (UA, 2,6,8-trihydroxypurine, metabolite of purine) and p-aminophenol (PAP, biomarker of phenamine) in simulated urine by luminescence quenching, respectively, and (2) luminescence quenching of LCU-113 and LCU-114 occurred in aqueous solutions of nitrofurazone (NZF), Fe3+, and CrO42-/Cr2O72-. All the above detections have excellent anti-interference ability and recyclability. The luminescence mechanism analysis indicates that weak interactions between the framework structures and the target analytes as well as the energy competition (inner filter effect) play an important role in sensing the above analytes. The practical application for monitoring NZF/Fe3+ in water samples was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxuan Xian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, People's Republic of China
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6
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Leshabane M, Dziwornu GA, Coertzen D, Reader J, Moyo P, van der Watt M, Chisanga K, Nsanzubuhoro C, Ferger R, Erlank E, Venter N, Koekemoer L, Chibale K, Birkholtz LM. Benzimidazole Derivatives Are Potent against Multiple Life Cycle Stages of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Parasites. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1945-1955. [PMID: 33673735 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence of resistance to front-line antimalarial treatments is of great concern. Therefore, new compounds that potentially have a novel target in various developmental stages of Plasmodium parasites are needed to treat patients and halt the spread of malaria. Here, several benzimidazole derivatives were screened for activity against the symptom-causing intraerythrocytic asexual blood stages and the transmissible gametocyte stages of P. falciparum. Submicromolar activity was obtained for 54 compounds against asexual blood stage parasites with 6 potent at IC50 < 100 nM while not displaying any marked toxicity against mammalian cells. Nanomolar potency was also observed against gametocytes with two compounds active against early stage gametocytes and two compounds active against late-stage gametocytes. The transmission-blocking potential of the latter was confirmed as they could prevent male gamete exflagellation and the lead compound reduced transmission by 72% in an in vivo mosquito feeding model. These compounds therefore have activity against multiple stages of Plasmodium parasites with potential for differential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta Leshabane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | | | - Dina Coertzen
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Janette Reader
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Phanankosi Moyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Mariëtte van der Watt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Richard Ferger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Erica Erlank
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Nelius Venter
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lizette Koekemoer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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7
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Li K, Li H, Li C, Xie H. Phytoremediation of aniline by Salix babylonica cuttings: Removal, accumulation, and photosynthetic response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112124. [PMID: 33711578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aniline, a synthetic compound widely used in industrial and pesticide production, is a potential environmental pollutant. The removal of aniline is extremely important to minimize threats to human health and the surrounding environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the removal efficiency and physiological response of Salix. babylonica cuttings to aniline pollution. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, spectral reflectance and the concentration of aniline in leaves, stems and roots were analysed. The experiment showed that S. babylonica has a strong removal effect on aniline wastewater. Cuttings from S. babylonica stems and roots played an important role in accumulating aniline. However, this increase in aniline concentration was dose dependent and was not always linear. With increasing aniline concentration in S. babylonica was increasingly stressed, with negative impacts on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral reflectance index in S. babylonica leaves. These results indicate that non-stomatal limitations are the main reason for the reduction in Pn in S. babylonica leaves due to chlorophyll structure destruction under aniline stress. In addition, aniline concentrations result in an unbalanced distribution of excitation energy between the two light systems, thereby hindering photosynthetic electron transfer and restricting the efficient operation of photosynthesis. Salix babylonica can endure moderate concentrations of aniline and has potential for the phyto-management of aniline-polluted wastewater, although further studies are needed using polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River/Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River/Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huicheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River/Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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8
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Zhao JJ, Liu PY, Song LJ, Zhang L, Liu ZL, Wang YQ. A water stable Eu(III)-organic framework as a recyclable multi-responsive luminescent sensor for efficient detection of p-aminophenol in simulated urine, and Mn VII and Cr VI anions in aqueous solutions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5236-5243. [PMID: 33645597 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel 3D Eu(iii) metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF-1) formulated as [Eu(L)(H2O)(DMA)] (L = 2-(2-nitro-4-carboxylphenyl)terephthalic acid) has been successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by structural analyses. Eu-MOF-1 displays a new 3D framework containing EuIII ions, ligand L, and coordinated DMA molecules and water molecules. The fluorescence investigations indicate that Eu-MOF-1 emits bright red luminescence, and shows relatively high water stability and outstanding chemical stability under a relatively wide range of pH conditions. It is noteworthy that Eu-MOF-1 can quantitatively detect p-aminophenol (PAP) which is a metabolite of phenylamine in human urine. More significantly, Eu-MOF-1 is the first reported multi-responsive luminescent sensor for detecting the biomarker PAP, and MnVII and CrVI anions with high selectivity, sensitivity, recyclability and relatively low detection limits in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the possible sensing mechanisms of Eu-MOF-1 for selective sensing have also been explored in detail. Eu-MOF-1 could be an ideal candidate as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor in biological and environmental areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
| | - Peng-Yu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
| | - Li-Jun Song
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
| | - Zhi-Liang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
| | - Yan-Qin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
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9
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Ranjan J, Mandal T, Mandal DD. Mechanistic insight for DBP induced growth inhibition in Vigna radiata via oxidative stress and DNA damage. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128062. [PMID: 33297068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination is important to the safeness of recouped water; though it shows concern about disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and its toxic effects. DBPs generation mostly specified by category of disinfectant utilized and naturally occurring organic matter present in the water pre and post disinfection. Plants are exposed to diverse stresses of environment across their lifespan. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) perform significant roles in preserving ordinary plant growth and enhancing their tolerance towards stress. This study is focused on the generation and elimination of ROS in apical meristematic growth and responses in Vigna radiata towards DBPs exposure. Phytotoxic and genotoxic effect of selected DBPs, TCAA (trichloroacetic acid), TCM (trichloromethane), TBM (tribromomethane) revealed concentration-dependent root length inhibition, germination index, vigour index, tolerance index, root/shoot ratio with higher EC50 value for TCM (6000 mg/L, 50.26 mM) over TCAA and TBM (1850 mg/L, 11.32 mM; 4000 mg/L, 15.83 mM). DNA laddering assay demonstrated DBP induced DNA damage to be concentration-dependent too. The concentration-dependent increase in the lipid peroxidation, H2O2 generation for each DBPs examined with highest oxidative stress for TCAA over TBM and TCM at fixed concentration illustrates that possible mechanism behind observed toxicity may be via ROS. Its regulation by antioxidative defense enzymes activities can be attributed to observed decline in these enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) activities with increasing concentration again where TCAA found more significantly affected than TBM and TCM over control. Results thus provide a useful understanding of the mechanism of DBP induced phytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V.radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Dalia Dasgupta Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Díaz JL, García M, Torrens A, Caamaño AM, Enjo J, Sicre C, Lorente A, Port A, Montero A, Yeste S, Álvarez I, Martín M, Maldonado R, de la Puente B, Vidal-Torres A, Cendán CM, Vela JM, Almansa C. EST64454: a Highly Soluble σ 1 Receptor Antagonist Clinical Candidate for Pain Management. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14979-14988. [PMID: 33237785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new series of pyrazoles that led to the identification of 1-(4-(2-((1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (9k, EST64454) as a σ1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist clinical candidate for the treatment of pain are reported. The compound 9k is easily obtained through a five-step synthesis suitable for the production scale and shows an outstanding aqueous solubility, which together with its high permeability in Caco-2 cells will allow its classification as a BCS class I compound. It also shows high metabolic stability in all species, linked to an adequate pharmacokinetic profile in rodents, and antinociceptive properties in the capsaicin and partial sciatic nerve ligation models in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Díaz
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica García
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Torrens
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Enjo
- Galchimia, S.A., Cebreiro, s/n, 15823 O Pino, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Sicre
- Galchimia, S.A., Cebreiro, s/n, 15823 O Pino, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Adriana Lorente
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Port
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Montero
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Yeste
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Álvarez
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Martín
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz de la Puente
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Vidal-Torres
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendán
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Almansa
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Torre Esteve, Passeig de la Zona Franca, 109, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Kim BW, Lee H, Keum G, Kim BM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on the mutagenic properties of 2,7-diaminofluorene and 2,7-diaminocarbazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 31:127662. [PMID: 33227415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 2,7-diaminofluorene or 2,7-diaminocarbazole moiety can be employed as a core structure of highly effective NS5A inhibitors that are connected through amide bonds to proline-valine-carbamate motifs. Amide bonds can be easily cleaved via various metabolic pathways upon administration into the body, and metabolites containing 2,7-diaminofluorene and 2,7-diaminocarbazole core structures have been known to be strong mutagens. To avoid the mutagenesis issue of these core structures, we examined various functional groups at the C9 or N9 position of 2,7-diaminofluorene or 2,7-diaminocarbazole, respectively, through the Ames test in TA98 and TA100 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. We discovered that, through proper alkyl substitution at the C9 or N9 position, 2,7-diaminofluorene and 2,7-diaminocarbazole moieties can be successfully employed in drug discovery without necessarily causing mutagenicity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - B Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Snodin DJ. A Primer for Pharmaceutical Process Development Chemists and Analysts in Relation to Impurities Perceived to Be Mutagenic or “Genotoxic”. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Snodin
- Xiphora Biopharma Consulting, 9 Richmond Apartments, Redland Court Road, Bristol BS6 7BG, U.K
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13
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Khandavilli UBR, Keshavarz L, Skořepová E, Steendam RRE, Frawley PJ. Organic Salts of Pharmaceutical Impurity p-Aminophenol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081910. [PMID: 32326160 PMCID: PMC7221883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of impurities can drastically affect the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical entities. p-Aminophenol (PAP) is one of the main impurities of paracetamol (PA) that can potentially show toxic effects such as maternal toxicity and nephrotoxicity. The removal of PAP from PA is challenging and difficult to achieve through regular crystallization approaches. In this regard, we report four new salts of PAP with salicylic acid (SA), oxalic acid (OX), l-tartaric acid (TA), and (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA). All the PAP salts were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The presence of minute amounts of PAP in paracetamol solids gives a dark color to the product that was difficult to remove through crystallization. In our study, we found that the addition of small quantities of the aforementioned acids helps to remove PAP from PA during the filtration and washings. This shows that salt formation could be used to efficiently remove challenging impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. B. Rao Khandavilli
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; (L.K.); (R.R.E.S.); (P.J.F.)
- PSC Biotech Limited, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-61-202178
| | - Leila Keshavarz
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; (L.K.); (R.R.E.S.); (P.J.F.)
| | - Eliška Skořepová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - René R. E. Steendam
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; (L.K.); (R.R.E.S.); (P.J.F.)
| | - Patrick J. Frawley
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; (L.K.); (R.R.E.S.); (P.J.F.)
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14
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Assessment of baby Bibs. GC-MS screening, migration into saliva and insight of toxicity with QSAR tools. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Biological significance of aminophenyl-β-carboline derivatives formed from co-mutagenic action of β-carbolines and aniline and o-toluidine and its effect on tumorigenesis in humans: A review. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Managing the challenge of drug-induced liver injury: a roadmap for the development and deployment of preclinical predictive models. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:131-148. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Yun Y, Liang L, Wei Y, Luo Z, Yuan F, Li G, Sang N. Exposure to Nitro-PAHs interfere with germination and early growth of Hordeum vulgare via oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:756-761. [PMID: 31154200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Nitro-PAHs) as important organic pollutants are ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment, agricultural soils and aquatic environments to pose a severe polluting risk. However, little is known about the mechanism of Nitro-PAHs genotoxicity in plants. We analyzed seeds germination, seedlings growth, and toxicity mechanism following 1-Nitropyrene treatment in Hordeum vulgare. Our results reveal that 1-NP treatment could be an inhibited agent on seeds germination and growth of roots and shoots. Additionally, the reduction of mitotic index and the increasing frequency of micronucleus suggest that 1-NP may pose a potential risk of genotoxicity in the plant. We further clarify that O2- and H2O2 radicals contribute to 1-NP stimulation induced oxidative damage. Our study provides insights into the role of Nitro-PAHs exposure on growth processing toxicity and genotoxicity in plant and provided a useful reference for the surveillance and risk management of Nitro-PAHs in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Liyan Liang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Zhiding Luo
- Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 071000, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
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18
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Nemakal M, Aralekallu S, Mohammed I, Pari M, Venugopala Reddy K, Sannegowda LK. Nanomolar detection of 4-aminophenol using amperometric sensor based on a novel phthalocyanine. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Kobets T, Duan JD, Brunnemann KD, Vock E, Deschl U, Williams GM. DNA-damaging activities of twenty-four structurally diverse unsubstituted and substituted cyclic compounds in embryo-fetal chicken livers. Mutat Res 2019; 844:10-24. [PMID: 31326031 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA-damaging activities of twenty-four structurally diverse unsubstituted and substituted cyclic compounds were assessed in embryo-fetal chicken livers. Formation of DNA adducts and strand breaks were measured using the nucleotide 32P-postlabelling (NPL) and comet assays, respectively. Unsubstituted monocyclic benzene, polycyclic fused ring compound naphthalene, covalently connected polycyclic ring compound biphenyl, and heterocyclic ring compound fluorene did not produce DNA damage. Amino-substituted monocyclic compounds, aniline and p-phenylenediamine, as well as polycyclic 1-naphthylamine were also negative. In contrast, carcinogenic monocyclic methyl-substituted anilines: o-toluidine, 2,6-xylidine, 3,4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-o-toluidine; 2 methoxy-substituted methylaniline: p-cresidine; 2,4 and 2,6 diamino- or dinitro- substituted toluenes all produced DNA damage. Genotoxic polycyclic amino-substituted 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, methyl-substituted 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene as well as amino- and nitro- fluorenes substituted at the 1 or 2 positions also were positive in at least one of the assays. Overall, the DNA damaging activity of cyclic compounds in embryo-fetal chicken livers reflected the type and position of the substitution on the aromatic ring. Additionally, substituted polycyclic compounds exhibited higher DNA-damaging potency compared to monocyclic chemicals. These results are congruent with in vivo findings in other species, establishing chicken eggs as a reliable system for structure-activity assessment of members of groups of related chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Jian-Dong Duan
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Klaus D Brunnemann
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Esther Vock
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Gary M Williams
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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20
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Carvalho da Cruz Brambilla CM, Hilario Garcia AL, Rabaioli da Silva F, Taffarel SR, Grivicich I, Picada JN, Scotti A, Dalberto D, Mišík M, Knasmüller S, da Silva J. Amido Black 10B a widely used azo dye causes DNA damage in pro- and eukaryotic indicator cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:430-436. [PMID: 30439655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acid Black 10B (AB10B) is widely used for the production of textiles, leather and prints. It is a representative of azo dyes and it is well documented that some of these compounds are mutagenic per se, and that cleavage products (in particular aromatic amines) may cause damage of the genetic material and cancer. Since no toxicological data on AB10B have been published, we evaluated its mutagenic activity in Salmonella/microsome assays and studied its acute toxic and genotoxic properties in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2) which retained the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes. The compound did not cause cytotoxicity (MTT assay), but clear genotoxic effects were detected in pro- and eukaryotic indicator cells. Dose dependent induction of his+ revertants was seen in strain TA98 which detects frameshift mutations without metabolic activation; a more pronounced effect was seen in its derivative YG1024 which overexpresses N-acetyltransferase. Induction of single/double strand breaks by Comet assay was detected with concentrations > 0.125 mg/mL in liver derived cells; as well as increased rates for micronucleus (reflecting structural and numeric chromosomal aberrations) and nuclear buds which are a consequence of gene amplifications were seen with a higher dose (2.0 mg/mL) (p < 0.05; Tukey's test). The mutational pattern which was observed in the bacterial tests indicates that the cleavage product p-nitroaniline may cause the genotoxic effects of the dye. Our findings indicate that exposure of humans and the release of the compound into the environment may lead to adverse effects due to its DNA damaging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine Maria Carvalho da Cruz Brambilla
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (4º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (4º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Posgraduate Progam in Enviromental Quality, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (5º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (4º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Scotti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (4º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (4º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22 (4º Andar) 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Molecular Characterization of Aniline Biodegradation by Some Bacterial Isolates having Unexpressed Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase Gene. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Koenig CM, Beevers C, Pant K, Young RR. Assessment of the mutagenic potential of para-chloroaniline and aniline in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of Big Blue® rats with micronuclei analysis in peripheral blood. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:785-797. [PMID: 30216547 DOI: 10.1002/em.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Splenic tumors have been reported in rat cancer bioassays with para-chloroaniline (PCA) and aniline. Development of these tumors is hypothesized to be due to hematotoxicity via the formation of methemoglobin (MetHb) and not direct DNA reactivity. To evaluate the mode of action (MOA) for tumor formation a transgenic rodent (TGR) in vivo gene mutation assay in Big Blue® TgF344 rats was performed with parallel micronuclei analysis in peripheral blood. Male rats were gavaged daily for 28 d to 0.5, 15, and 60 mg/kg PCA and 100 mg/kg aniline, the base molecular structure of PCA. On test day 10, the 60 mg/kg PCA dose was reduced to 30 mg/kg due to toxicity. On test day 4 and 29 peripheral blood micronucleus analysis was performed and on test day 29 clinical chemistry, hematology, and MetHb measurements were taken. At study termination, on test day 31, spleen, bone marrow, and liver (control tissue) were analyzed for cII transgene mutant frequency (MF). Repeat gavage exposure to PCA and aniline for 28 d did not produce an increase in cII transgene MF in analyzed tissues. An increase in micronuclei was seen at both time points at ≥15 mg/kg PCA and 100 mg/kg aniline. At the same dose levels, significant reductions in red blood cells, increases in absolute reticulocytes (ABRET), and increased levels of MetHb were observed. Together these results support that generation of micronuclei and tumorigenicity following exposure to PCA and aniline is due to compensatory mechanisms (e.g. increased cellular turnover) and not direct DNA reactivity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:785-797, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamala Pant
- MilliporeSigma, BioReliance® Toxicology Testing Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert R Young
- MilliporeSigma, BioReliance® Toxicology Testing Services, Rockville, Maryland
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23
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Windsor IW, Palte MJ, Lukesh JC, Gold B, Forest KT, Raines RT. Sub-picomolar Inhibition of HIV-1 Protease with a Boronic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14015-14018. [PMID: 30346745 PMCID: PMC6249028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Boronic acids have been typecast as moieties for covalent complexation and are employed only rarely as agents for non-covalent recognition. By exploiting the profuse ability of a boronic acid group to form hydrogen bonds, we have developed an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease with extraordinary affinity. Specifically, we find that replacing an aniline moiety in darunavir with a phenylboronic acid leads to 20-fold greater affinity for the protease. X-ray crystallography demonstrates that the boronic acid group participates in three hydrogen bonds, more than the amino group of darunavir or any other analog. Importantly, the boronic acid maintains its hydrogen bonds and its affinity for the drug-resistant D30N variant of HIV-1 protease. The BOH···OC hydrogen bonds between the boronic acid hydroxy group and Asp30 (or Asn30) of the protease are short ( rO···O = 2.2 Å), and density functional theory analysis reveals a high degree of covalency. These data highlight the utility of boronic acids as versatile functional groups in the design of small-molecule ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Windsor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J. Palte
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John C. Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katrina T. Forest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Tate MJ, Walmsley RM. The influence of exogenous metabolism on the specificity of in vitro mammalian genotoxicity tests. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:491-499. [PMID: 28992092 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-part study was designed to determine whether the inclusion of the rodent liver 'S9' exogenous metabolic activating system contributes to the generation of misleading positive results by the regulator-required in vitro mammalian genotoxicity tests. The mono-oxygenase enzymes in S9 produce direct-acting DNA-reactive electrophiles, and are included in in vitro genotoxicity tests to enhance the detection of substances which only become genotoxic following metabolism. However, as the S9 system lacks 'detoxifying' phase 2 factors it was hypothesised that increased chemical metabolism per se may lead to an increase in irrelevant S9 test outcomes in safety assessment. To test this, 89 compounds with positive or negative carcinogenicity data were identified, which produced negative Ames test data (+/- S9), and only produced positive in vitro mammalian test data in the presence of S9. This allowed a determination of whether or not misleading predictions of carcinogenicity by the in vitro mammalian tests were more or less prevalent in the presence of S9. A subset of these compounds was then tested with and without S9 in the GADD45a-GFP genotoxicity test, in order to determine whether misleading in vitro mammalian positive results were generally more prevalent with S9, or reflected particular tests' liabilities. This study suggests that the use of S9 metabolic activation in in vitro genotoxicity tests does not increase the prevalence of misleading positive results in in vitro mammalian genotoxicity assays, at least amongst Ames negative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M Walmsley
- Gentronix Ltd, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.,University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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25
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Qin SJ, Yan B. The point-of-care colorimetric detection of the biomarker of phenylamine in the human urine based on Tb 3+ functionalized metal-organic framework. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1012:82-89. [PMID: 29475477 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylamine has been recognized as one of the most important industrially relevant ingredient and a crucial intermediate in chemical products. Yet, its internal exposure detection in human remains largely elusive due to the lack of potent monitoring method. Hereby this issue is addressed with a probe based on lanthanide functionalized organic-inorganic hybrid material Al(OH)(bpydc) (1) through post-synthetically modified metal-organic framework. The as-synthesized Tb3+@1 exhibits the strong luminescence of Tb3+ originated from efficient energy transfer from the ligand, which can sense the biological metabolite p-aminophenol (PAP) of the phenylamine in the human urine. Linear correlation between the integrated fluorescence intensity and the concentration of PAP was investigated, enabling quantitative analysis of PAP in physiologically ranges (0.005-5 mg mL-1) with low detection limit (5 μg mL-1). This probe demonstrates excellent sensitivity, high selectivity, good reusability and quick response to PAP. Furthermore, a simple and rapid smartphone-based medical portable test paper was developed, whose quantitative color change can be easily distinguished visually. Hence, the PAP sensing platform can serve as a potential diagnostic tool for home monitoring of PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Qin
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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26
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Rawat D, Sharma RS, Karmakar S, Arora LS, Mishra V. Ecotoxic potential of a presumably non-toxic azo dye. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:528-537. [PMID: 29125956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have potential to convert non-toxic azo dyes into hazardous products in the environment. However, the role of microbes in biotransforming such presumably non-toxic dyes has not been given proper attention, thereby, questions the environmental safety of such compounds. The present study assessed salinity driven microbial degradation of an unregulated azo dye, Acid orange 7 (AO7), under moderately halophilic conditions of textile effluent. The halophilic microbial consortium from effluent decolorized ~97% AO7 (50-500mgL-1). The consortium efficiently decolorized the dye at different pH (5-8) and salinity (5-18% NaCl). The 16S rRNA sequence analyses confirmed the presence of Halomonas and Escherichia in the consortium. The FTIR and GC-MS analyses suggested microbial consortium degrade AO7 following symmetric and asymmetric cleavage and yield carcinogenic/mutagenic aromatic byproducts viz. aniline, 1-amino-2-naphthol, naphthalene, and phenyldiazene. In contrast to AO7, the biodegraded products caused molecular, cellular and organism level toxicity. The degraded products significantly reduced: radicle length in root elongation assay; shoot length/biomass in plant growth assays; and caused chromosomal abnormalities and reduced mitotic index in Allium cepa bioassay. We demonstrated that under saline conditions of textile effluent, halophilic microbes convert a presumably non-toxic azo dye into hazardous products. The study calls to review the current toxicity classification of azo dyes and develop environmentally sound regulatory policies by incorporating the role of environmental factors in governing dye toxicity, for environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rawat
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Swagata Karmakar
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Lakhbeer Singh Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Miah AH, Champigny AC, Graves RH, Hodgson ST, Percy JM, Procopiou PA. Identification of pyrazolopyrimidine arylsulfonamides as CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5327-5340. [PMID: 28801066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel 4-aminoindazole sulfonamide hit (13) was identified as a human CCR4 antagonists from testing a focussed library of compounds in the primary GTPγS assay. Replacing the indazole core with a pyrazolopyrimidine, and introduction of a methoxy group adjacent to the sulfonamide substituent, resulted in the identification of pyrazolopyrimidine 37a, which exhibited good binding affinity in the GTPγS assay (pIC50=7.2), low lipophilicity (clogP=2.2, chromlogD7.4=2.4), high LE (0.41), high solubility (CLND solubility ≥581µM), and an excellent PK profile in both the rat (F=62%) and the dog (F=100%). Further SAR investigation of the pyrazolopyrimidine suggested that substitution at N1 is tolerated, providing a suitable vector to modulate the properties, and increase the potency in a lead optimisation campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afjal H Miah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Aurelie C Champigny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca H Graves
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Hodgson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiotis A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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28
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Mertens B, Van Bossuyt M, Fraselle S, Blaude MN, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Verschaeve L, Van Hoeck E. Coatings in food contact materials: Potential source of genotoxic contaminants? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:496-505. [PMID: 28583787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Up till now, no harmonized EU regulation exists on chemicals used in coatings for food contact materials (FCM). Therefore, these substances need to comply with the general provisions of EU Regulation 1935/2004 and, if present, with national legislation. Different 'inventory lists' of compounds that might be present in coatings are available, but for hundreds of these substances, the potential human health impact of their use in FCM coatings has not (recently) been evaluated. Since detailed evaluation of all compounds is not feasible, a pragmatic approach was developed to identify substances with a potential concern for human health. First, an inventory was assembled containing all substances potentially used in coatings. Afterwards, the genotoxic potential of the non-evaluated substances was predicted in silico using two structure-activity relationship (SAR) software programs. For substances yielding structural alerts in both models, genotoxicity data were collected from previous European evaluations in a non-FCM context and from the European CHemicals Agency (ECHA) website. In total, 53 substances were identified as genotoxic in both in silico models, of which ten were considered to be of high concern. For most of the substances, additional toxicological information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mertens
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M Van Bossuyt
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Fraselle
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M N Blaude
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Vanhaecke
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Rogiers
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Verschaeve
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - E Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Tao N, Liu G, Bai L, Tang L, Guo C. Genotoxicity and growth inhibition effects of aniline on wheat. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:467-473. [PMID: 27889512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aniline is a synthetic compound widely used in industrial and pesticide production, which can lead to environmental pollution. Its high concentration in rivers and lakes is hazardous to aquatic species. Although the mechanism of aniline toxicity has been studied extensively in animals and algae, little is known about its genotoxicity in plants. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity effects of aniline on wheat root tip cells. The mitotic index of wheat root tip cells decreased when the aniline test concentration was higher than 10 mg L-1. The frequency of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations increased at aniline concentrations ranging between 5 and 100 mg L-1, and reached 23.3‰ ± 0.3‰ and 8.9‰ ± 0.68‰, respectively, at an aniline concentration of 100 mg L-1. These values were sevenfold higher than those in the control group. The wheat seedlings showed various growth toxicity effects under different concentrations of aniline. The shoot height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings decreased at aniline test concentrations ranging between 25 and 200 mg L-1. At 200 mg L-1 aniline, the dry weight was only one-third that of the control group. Overall, the findings of this study provide evidence that aniline is a serious environmental pollutant causing deleterious genotoxic effects on wheat root tip cells and growth toxic effects on wheat seedlings. However, understanding the mechanisms that underlie aniline genotoxicity in plants needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Guanyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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Chung KT. Azo dyes and human health: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:233-261. [PMID: 27635691 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic azo dyes are widely used in industries. Gerhardt Domagk discovered that the antimicrobial effect of red azo dye Prontosil was caused by the reductively cleaved (azo reduction) product sulfanilamide. The significance of azo reduction is thus revealed. Azo reduction can be accomplished by human intestinal microflora, skin microflora, environmental microorganisms, to a lesser extent by human liver azoreductase, and by nonbiological means. Some azo dyes can be carcinogenic without being cleaved into aromatic amines. However, the carcinogenicity of many azo dyes is due to their cleaved product such as benzidine. Benzidine induces various human and animal tumors. Another azo dye component, p-phenylenediamine, is a contact allergen. Many azo dyes and their reductively cleaved products as well as chemically related aromatic amines are reported to affect human health, causing allergies and other human maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Thom Chung
- a Department of Biological Sciences , The University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
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31
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Bianco A, Fabbri D, Minella M, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Maurino V, Minero C, Vione D. Photochemical transformation of benzotriazole, relevant to sunlit surface waters: Assessing the possible role of triplet-sensitised processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:712-721. [PMID: 27239714 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bianco
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy(1)
| | - Marco Minella
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy(1)
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63177 Aubière, France.
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Valter Maurino
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy(1)
| | - Claudio Minero
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy(1)
| | - Davide Vione
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy(1); Università degli Studi di Torino, Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy(2).
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32
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Tan L, He M, Song L, Fu X, Shi S. Aerobic decolorization, degradation and detoxification of azo dyes by a newly isolated salt-tolerant yeast Scheffersomyces spartinae TLHS-SF1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:287-294. [PMID: 26744802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Isolation, identification and characterization of a salt-tolerant yeast capable of degrading and detoxifying azo dyes were investigated in this study. Possible degradation pathway of Acid Scarlet 3R was proposed through analyzing metabolic intermediates using UV-Vis and HPLC-MS methods. Furthermore, the Microtox test was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity of the dye before and after biodegradation. The results showed that a salt-tolerant yeast named TLHS-SF1 was isolated and identified as Scheffersomyces spartinae basing on 26S rDNA analysis. The optimal decolorization and growth parameters were: sucrose 2 g L(-1), (NH4)2SO4 0.6 g L(-1), yeast extract 0.08 g L(-1), NaCl ⩽ 30 g L(-1), 160 rmin(-1), 30 °C and pH 5.0-6.0. More than 90% of 80 mg L(-1) 3R could be decolorized within 16 h under the optimal conditions. 3R was possibly degraded successively through azo-reduction, deamination and desulfonation pathways, and its acute toxicity obviously decreased by strain TLHS-SF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Muyang He
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Li Song
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xinmei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengnan Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
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33
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Mirazizi F, Bahrami A, Haghbeen K, Shahbani Zahiri H, Bakavoli M, Legge RL. Rapid and direct spectrophotometric method for kinetics studies and routine assay of peroxidase based on aniline diazo substrates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1162-9. [PMID: 26526616 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases are ubiquitous enzymes that play an important role in living organisms. Current spectrophotometrically based peroxidase assay methods are based on the production of chromophoric substances at the end of the enzymatic reaction. The ambiguity regarding the formation and identity of the final chromophoric product and its possible reactions with other molecules have raised concerns about the accuracy of these methods. This can be of serious concern in inhibition studies. A novel spectrophotometric assay for peroxidase, based on direct measurement of a soluble aniline diazo substrate, is introduced. In addition to the routine assays, this method can be used in comprehensive kinetics studies. 4-[(4-Sulfophenyl)azo]aniline (λmax = 390 nm, ɛ = 32 880 M(-1) cm(-1) at pH 4.5 to 9) was introduced for routine assay of peroxidase. This compound is commercially available and is indexed as a food dye. Using this method, a detection limit of 0.05 nmol mL(-1) was achieved for peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirazizi
- a Department of Chemistry , Islamic Azad University of Mashhad , Mashhad , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azita Bahrami
- b National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- c Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- d National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakavoli
- e Department of Chemistry , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , The Islamic Republic of Iran , and
| | - Raymond L Legge
- f Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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34
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Wang S, Gurav D, Oommen OP, Varghese OP. Insights into the Mechanism and Catalysis of Oxime Coupling Chemistry at Physiological pH. Chemistry 2015; 21:5980-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Pereira L, Mondal PK, Alves M. Aromatic Amines Sources, Environmental Impact and Remediation. POLLUTANTS IN BUILDINGS, WATER AND LIVING ORGANISMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19276-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Miah AH, Copley RCB, O'Flynn D, Percy JM, Procopiou PA. Lead identification and structure-activity relationships of heteroarylpyrazole arylsulfonamides as allosteric CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1779-92. [PMID: 24515101 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A knowledge-based library of aryl 2,3-dichlorophenylsulfonamides was synthesised and screened as human CCR4 antagonists, in order to identify a suitable hit for the start of a lead-optimisation programme. X-ray diffraction studies were used to identify the pyrazole ring as a moiety that could bring about intramolecular hydrogen bonding with the sulfonamide NH and provide a clip or orthogonal conformation that was believed to be the preferred active conformation. Replacement of the core phenyl ring with a pyridine, and replacement of the 2,3-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide with 5-chlorothiophenesulfonamide provided compound 33 which has excellent physicochemical properties and represents a good starting point for a lead optimisation programme. Electronic structure calculations indicated that the preference for the clip or orthogonal conformation found in the small molecule crystal structures of 7 and 14 was in agreement with the order of potency in the biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afjal H Miah
- Allergy & Inflammation DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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37
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Tan L, Li H, Ning S, Hao J. Aerobic Decolorization and Degradation of Acid Orange G (AOG) by Suspended Growing Cells and Immobilized Cells of a Yeast Strain Candida tropicalis TL-F1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1651-1667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Chao MW, Erkekoglu P, Tseng CY, Ye W, Trudel LJ, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Wogan GN. Intracellular generation of ROS by 3,5-dimethylaminophenol: persistence, cellular response, and impact of molecular toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:300-13. [PMID: 24973092 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated extensive human exposure to the monocyclic aromatic amines, particularly to 3,5-dimethylaniline, and found an association between exposure to these compounds and risk for bladder cancer. Little is known about molecular mechanisms that might lead to the observed risk. We previously suggested that the hydroxylated 3,5-dimethylaniline metabolite, 3,5-dimethylaminophenol (3,5-DMAP), played a central role in effecting genetic change through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a redox cycle with 3,5-dimethylquinoneimine. Experiments here characterize ROS generation by 3,5-DMAP exposure in nucleotide repair-proficient and -deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells as a function of time. Besides, various cellular responses discussed herein indicate that ROS production is the principal cause of cytotoxicity. Fluorescence microscopy of cells exposed to 3,5-DMAP confirmed that ROS production occurs in the nuclear compartment, as suggested by a previous study demonstrating covalent linkage between 3,5-DMAP and histones. 3,5-DMAP was also compared with 3,5-dimethylhydroquinone to determine whether substitution of one of the phenolic hydroxyl groups by an amino group had a significant effect on some of the investigated parameters. The comparatively much longer duration of observable ROS produced by 3,5-DMAP (7 vs. 1 day) provides further evidence that 3,5-DMAP becomes embedded in the cellular matrix in a form capable of continued redox cycling. 3,5-DMAP also induced dose-dependent increase of H2O2 and ·OH, which were determined as the major free radicals contributing to the cytotoxicity and apoptosis mediated via caspase-3 activation. Overall, this study provides insight into the progression of alkylaniline-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli City, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli City, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Wenjie Ye
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Laura J Trudel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Paul L Skipper
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gerald N Wogan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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39
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Tan L, Li H, Ning S, Xu B. Aerobic decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by suspended growing cells and immobilized cells of a newly isolated yeast Magnusiomyces ingens LH-F1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 158:321-8. [PMID: 24632410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by both of suspended growing cells and immobilized cells of a newly isolated yeast strain LH-F1 were investigated in this study. A yeast strain LH-F1 capable of aerobically decolorizing various azo dyes (20mg/L) was identified as Magnusiomyces ingens basing on 26S rDNA analysis. Meanwhile, effects of different parameters on decolorization of Acid Red B by both of suspended growing cells and immobilized cells of strain LH-F1 were investigated. Furthermore, possible degradation pathway of the dye was proposed through analyzing metabolic intermediates using UV-Vis and HPLC-MS methods. As far as it is known, it is the first systematic research on a M. ingens strain which is capable of efficiently decolorizing azo dyes under aerobic condition. Additionally, this work would also provide a potentially useful microbial strain LH-F1 for treatment of industrial wastewaters containing azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Shuxiang Ning
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Bingwen Xu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality and Safety Inspection, Dalian City Fisherles Technical Extension Station, Dalian 116024, China
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40
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Tan L, Ning S, Zhang X, Shi S. Aerobic decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by growing cells of a newly isolated yeast Candida tropicalis TL-F1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 138:307-313. [PMID: 23624048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by growing cells of a new yeast strain TL-F1 which was isolated from the sea mud. Strain TL-F1 was identified as Candida tropicalis on the basis of 28S rDNA analysis. Various azo dyes (20mg/L) were efficiently decolorized through aerobic degradation. Meantime, the effects of different parameters on both decolorization of Acid Brilliant Scarlet GR and growth of strain TL-F1 were investigated. Furthermore, possible degradation pathway of the dye GR was proposed through analysis of metabolic products using UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC-MS methods. As far as it is known, it is the first systematic research on a C. tropicalis strain which is capable of efficiently decolorizing various azo dyes under aerobic condition. This work provides a potentially useful microbial strain TL-F1 for treatment of azo dye contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Stiborová M, Dračínská H, Martínek V, Svášková D, Hodek P, Milichovský J, Hejduková Ž, Brotánek J, Schmeiser HH, Frei E. Induced expression of cytochrome P450 1A and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase determined at mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels in rats exposed to the carcinogenic azo dye 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I). Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:290-9. [PMID: 23289503 DOI: 10.1021/tx3004533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sudan I (1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthol) is a suspected human carcinogen causing tumors in the livers and urinary bladders of rats, mice, and rabbits. Here, we investigated for the first time the influence of Sudan I exposure on the expression of several biotransformation enzymes in the livers, kidneys, and lungs of rats concomitantly at the mRNA and protein levels and assayed their enzymatic activities. We also studied its effect on the formation of Sudan I-derived DNA adducts in vitro. Sudan I increased the total amounts of cytochrome P450 (P450) in all organs tested. Western blots using antibodies raised against various P450s, NADPH:P450 reductase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) showed that the expression of P450 1A1 and NQO1 was induced in the liver, kidney, and lung of rats treated with Sudan I. The higher protein levels correlated with increased enzyme activities of P450 1A1/2 and NQO1. Furthermore, 9.9-, 5.9-, and 2.8-fold increases in the formation of Sudan I oxidative metabolites catalyzed by microsomes isolated from the liver, kidney, and lung, respectively, of rats treated with Sudan I were found. The relative amounts of P450 1A and NQO1 mRNA, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, demonstrated that Sudan I induced the expression of P450 1A1 and NQO1 mRNA in the liver, kidney, and lung, and of P450 1A2 mRNA in kidney and lung. Finally, microsomes isolated from livers, kidneys, and lungs of Sudan I exposed rats more effectively catalyzed the formation of Sudan I-DNA adducts than microsomes from organs of control rats. This was attributable to the higher P450 1A1 expression. Because P450 1A1 is playing a major role in the bioactivation of Sudan I in rat and human systems, its induction by Sudan I may have a profound effect on cancer risk by this azo dye. In addition, the induction of P450 1A1/2 and NQO1 enzymes can influence individual human susceptibility to other environmental carcinogens and have an effect on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Pan H, Feng J, He GX, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Evaluation of impact of exposure of Sudan azo dyes and their metabolites on human intestinal bacteria. Anaerobe 2012; 18:445-53. [PMID: 22634331 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sudan azo dyes are banned for food usage in most countries, but they are illegally used to maintain or enhance the color of food products due to low cost, bright staining, and wide availability of the dyes. In this report, we examined the toxic effects of these azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on 11 prevalent human intestinal bacterial strains. Among the tested bacteria, cell growth of 2, 3, 5, 5, and 1 strains was inhibited by Sudan I, II, III, IV, and Para Red, respectively. At the tested concentration of 100 μM, Sudan I and II inhibited growth of Clostridium perfringens and Lactobacillus rhamnosus with decrease of growth rates from 14 to 47%. Sudan II also affected growth of Enterococcus faecalis. Growth of Bifidobacterium catenulatum, C. perfringens, E. faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Peptostreptococcus magnus was affected by Sudan III and IV with decrease in growth rates from 11 to 67%. C. perfringens was the only strain in which growth was affected by Para Red with 47 and 26% growth decreases at 6 and 10 h, respectively. 1-Amino-2-naphthol, a common metabolite of the dyes, was capable of inhibiting growth of most of the tested bacteria with inhibition rates from 8 to 46%. However, the other metabolites of the dyes had no effect on growth of the bacterial strains. The dyes and their metabolites had less effect on cell viability than on cell growth of the tested bacterial strains. Clostridium indolis and Clostridium ramosum were the only two strains with about a 10 % decrease in cell viability in the presence of Sudan azo dyes. The present results suggested that Sudan azo dyes and their metabolites potentially affect the human intestinal bacterial ecology by selectively inhibiting some bacterial species, which may have an adverse effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Pan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Wang J, Wei K, Li H, Li QX, Li J, Xu T. A sensitive and selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of Para red in foods. Analyst 2012; 137:2136-42. [PMID: 22439137 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Para red is a synthetic dye and a potential genotoxic carcinogen. A hapten mimicking Para red structure was synthesized by introducing a carboxyl to the naphthol part of Para red and coupled to carrier protein to form an immunogen for the production of specific antibodies. A sensitive and selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of Para red in food samples. The limit of detection and inhibition half-maximum concentrations of Para red in phosphate buffered saline with 10% methanol were 0.06 and 2.2 ng mL(-1), respectively. Cross-reactivity values of the ELISA with the tested compounds including Sudan red I, II, III, IV, and G, sunset yellow, 2-naphthol, and 4-nitroaniline were ≤0.2%. This assay was used to determine Para red in tomato sauce, chilli sauce, chilli powder and sausage samples after ultrasonic extraction, cleanup and concentration steps. The average recoveries, repeatability (intraday extractions and analysis), and intra-laboratory reproducibility (interday extractions and analysis) were in the range 90-108%, 4-12% and 8-17%, respectively. This assay was compared to a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for 28 samples, displaying a good correlation (R(2) = 0.95). Para red residues in 53 real world samples determined by ELISA were below the limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Experimental chemotherapy and approaches to drug discovery for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 75:89-119. [PMID: 21820553 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385863-4.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the 100 years since the discovery of Chagas disease, only two drugs have been developed and introduced into clinical practice, and these drugs were introduced over 40 years ago. The tools of drug discovery have improved dramatically in the interim; however, this has not translated into new drugs for Chagas disease. This has been largely because the main practitioners of drug discovery are pharmaceutical companies who are not financially motivated to invest in Chagas disease and other "orphan" diseases. As a result, it has largely been up to academic groups to bring drug candidates through the discovery pipeline and to clinical trials. The difficulty with drug discovery in academia has been the challenge of bringing together the diverse expertise in biology, chemistry, and pharmacology in concerted efforts towards a common goal of developing therapeutics. Funding is often inadequate, but lack of coordination amongst academic investigators with different expertise has also contributed to the slow progress. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of approaches that can be accomplished in academic settings for preclinical drug discovery for Chagas disease. The chapter addresses methods of drug screening against Trypanosoma cruzi cultures and in animal models and includes general topics on compound selection, testing for drug-like properties (including oral bioavailability), investigating the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of compounds, and finally providing parameters to help with triaging compounds.
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Behnia K, Cornelius G, Wang J, Shipkova P, Johnghar S, Washburn W, Brigance R, Stetsko P, Henwood A, Wojciechowski JP, Marathe P, Rodrigues AD, Humphreys WG. Estimation of the Extent ofin VivoFormation of a Mutagenic Aromatic Amine from a Potent Thyromimetic Compound: Correlation ofin Vitroandin VivoFindings. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:905-12. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200087q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of Orange II and Sudan III azo dyes and their metabolites on Staphylococcus aureus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1729-38. [PMID: 21451978 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Azo dyes are widely used in the plastic, paper, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Some metabolites of these dyes are potentially genotoxic. The toxic effects of azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1556 were studied. When the cultures were incubated with 6, 18, and 36 μg/ml of Orange II and Sudan III for 48 h, 76.3, 68.5, and 61.7% of Orange II and 97.8, 93.9, and 75.8% of Sudan III were reduced by the bacterium, respectively. In the presence of 36 μg/ml Sudan III, the cell viability of the bacterium decreased to 61.9% after 48 h of incubation, whereas the cell viability of the control culture without the dye was 71.5%. Moreover, the optical density of the bacterial cultures at 10 h decreased from 0.74 to 0.55, indicating that Sudan III is able to inhibit growth of the bacterium. However, Orange II had no significant effects on either cell growth or cell viability of the bacterium at the tested concentrations. 1-Amino-2-naphthol, a metabolite common to Orange II and Sudan III, was capable of inhibiting cell growth of the bacterium at 1 μg/ml and completely stopped bacterial cell growth at 24-48 μg/ml. On the other hand, the other metabolites of Orange II and Sudan III, namely sulfanilic acid, p-phenylenediamine, and aniline, showed no significant effects on cell growth. p-Phenylenediamine exhibited a synergistic effect with 1-amino-2-naphthol on cell growth inhibition. All of the dye metabolites had no significant effects on cell viability of the bacterium.
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Kirkland D, Reeve L, Gatehouse D, Vanparys P. A core in vitro genotoxicity battery comprising the Ames test plus the in vitro micronucleus test is sufficient to detect rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins. Mutat Res 2011; 721:27-73. [PMID: 21238603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing needs to include tests in both bacterial and mammalian cells, and be able to detect gene mutations, chromosomal damage and aneuploidy. This may be achieved by a combination of the Ames test (detects gene mutations) and the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit), since the latter detects both chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy. In this paper we therefore present an analysis of an existing database of rodent carcinogens and a new database of in vivo genotoxins in terms of the in vitro genotoxicity tests needed to detect their in vivo activity. Published in vitro data from at least one test system (most were from the Ames test) were available for 557 carcinogens and 405 in vivo genotoxins. Because there are fewer publications on the MNvit than for other mammalian cell tests, and because the concordance between the MNvit and the in vitro chromosomal aberration (CAvit) test is so high for clastogenic activity, positive results in the CAvit test were taken as indicative of a positive result in the MNvit where there were no, or only inadequate data for the latter. Also, because Hprt and Tk loci both detect gene-mutation activity, a positive Hprt test was taken as indicative of a mouse-lymphoma Tk assay (MLA)-positive, where there were no data for the latter. Almost all of the 962 rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins were detected by an in vitro battery comprising Ames+MNvit. An additional 11 carcinogens and six in vivo genotoxins would apparently be detected by the MLA, but many of these had not been tested in the MNvit or CAvit tests. Only four chemicals emerge as potentially being more readily detected in MLA than in Ames+MNvit--benzyl acetate, toluene, morphine and thiabendazole--and none of these are convincing cases to argue for the inclusion of the MLA in addition to Ames+MNvit. Thus, there is no convincing evidence that any genotoxic rodent carcinogens or in vivo genotoxins would remain undetected in an in vitro test battery consisting of Ames+MNvit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kirkland
- Kirkland Consulting, PO Box 79, Tadcaster LS24 0AS, United Kingdom.
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Xu Z, Yu J. A novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor based on Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) immobilization on TiO(2) nanotube arrays and its application for detection of amines in water. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:245501. [PMID: 20484789 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/24/245501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Many amines are proven or suspected to be carcinogenic and have been implicated in inducing cancer of the bladder. Therefore, the monitoring of their levels in environmental samples is important for the protection of health and the environment. Herein, a novel method for effective immobilization of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) on the electrode surface of TiO(2) nanotube arrays (TNs) is developed for the first time. The method involves Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) spontaneously adsorbed on the surface of negatively charged TiO(2) nanotubes due to electrostatic interaction to produce a Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) /TNs/Ti (Ru-TNs-Ti) solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. The prepared solid-state sensor was used to detect the changes of concentrations of pollutant tripropylamine (TPA) in water. The sensor exhibits excellent ECL behavior, very good stability and high sensitivity. This study may provide new insight into the design and preparation of an advanced solid-state ECL sensor for monitoring of amines in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Liu DQ, Sun M, Kord AS. Recent advances in trace analysis of pharmaceutical genotoxic impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:999-1014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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