1
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Zeng B, Wu Y, Huang Y, Colucci M, Bancaro N, Maddalena M, Valdata A, Xiong X, Su X, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Huang W, Bai J, Zeng Y, Zou X, Zhan Y, Deng L, Wei Q, Yang L, Alimonti A, Qi F, Qiu S. Carcinogenic health outcomes associated with endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure in humans: A wide-scope analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135067. [PMID: 38964039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are persistent and pervasive compounds that pose serious risks. Numerous studies have explored the effects of EDCs on human health, among which tumors have been the primary focus. However, because of study design flaws, lack of effective exposure levels of EDCs, and inconsistent population data and findings, it is challenging to draw clear conclusions on the effect of these compounds on tumor-related outcomes. Our study is the first to systematically integrate observational studies and randomized controlled trials from over 20 years and summarize over 300 subgroup associations. We found that most EDCs promote tumor development, and that exposure to residential environmental pollutants may be a major source of pesticide exposure. Furthermore, we found that phytoestrogens exhibit antitumor effects. The findings of this study can aid in the development of global EDCs regulatory health policies and alleviate the severe risks associated with EDCs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Manuel Colucci
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Bancaro
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martino Maddalena
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Aurora Valdata
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xingyang Su
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weichao Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jincheng Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linghui Deng
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Lab, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Barrios-Rodríguez R, Garde C, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, Expósito J, Peinado FM, Fernández Rodríguez M, Requena P, Salcedo-Bellido I, Arrebola JP. Associations of accumulated persistent organic pollutants in breast adipose tissue with the evolution of breast cancer after surgery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165373. [PMID: 37419338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is suspected to contribute to the onset of breast cancer, but the impact on the evolution of patients after diagnosis is unclear. We aimed to analyze the contribution of long-term exposure to five POPs to overall mortality, cancer recurrence, metastasis, and development of second primary tumors over a global follow-up of 10 years after surgery in breast cancer patients in a cohort study. Between 2012 and 2014, a total of 112 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were recruited from a public hospital in Granada, Southern Spain. Historical exposure to POPs was estimated by analyzing their concentrations in breast adipose tissue samples. Sociodemographic data were collected through face-to-face interviews, while data on evolution tumor were retrieved from clinical records. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox regression (overall survival, breast cancer recurrence or metastasis) and binary logistic regression models (joint outcome variable). We also tested for statistical interactions of POPs with age, residence, and prognostic markers. The third vs first tertile of hexachlorobenzene concentrations was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio, HR = 0.26; 95 % Confidence Interval, CI = 0.07-0.92) and of the appearance of any of the four events (Odds Ratio = 0.37; 95 % CI = 0.14-1.03). Polychlorinated biphenyl 138 concentrations were significantly and inversely associated with risk of metastasis (HR = 0.65; 95 % CI = 0.44-0.97) and tumor recurrence (HR = 0.69; 95 % CI = 0.49-0.98). Additionally, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene showed inverse associations with risk of metastasis in women with ER-positive tumors (HR = 0.49; 95 % CI = 0.25-0.93) and in those with a tumor size <2.0 cm (HR = 0.39; 95 % CI = 0.18-0.87). The observed paradoxical inverse associations of POP exposure with breast cancer evolution might be related to either a better prognosis of hormone-dependent tumors, which have an approachable pharmacological target, or an effect of sequestration of circulating POPs by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Garde
- San Cecilio University Hospital, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - F M Pérez-Carrascosa
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - J Expósito
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Radiation Oncology Department, Oncology Unit, Granada, Spain
| | - F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - M Fernández Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Granada, Spain
| | - P Requena
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - J P Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Gherdaoui CE, Bouberka Z, Delbarre JP, Hutin O, Sansano R, Leclercq L, Supiot P, Maschke U. A simple and reliable method for separation of mineral oil/polychlorobiphenyl mixtures. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:182-194. [PMID: 35876087 PMCID: PMC9925900 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were broadly applied worldwide as electrical insulators in transformers and power capacitors, due to their high dielectric constant and non-flammability. They were often added to mineral oils (MOs) and used as dielectric fluids, which are nowadays classified as hazardous waste. Indeed, the Stockholm Convention aims to eliminate the use of equipment with PCB content greater than 0.005 wt-% (=50 ppm) by 2025. Accurate identification and quantification of small traces of PCBs contained in MO thus represent a great analytical challenge. To achieve this goal, a simple, cost-effective and fast chromatographic process was developed to separate PCBs from MO, allowing to obtain reliable data to determine the concentration of PCBs, reduced to 2-3 ppm. Experimental and analytical methods, such as thin layer chromatography, column chromatography as well as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy, were applied to acquire a high level of qualitative and quantitative determination of PCBs in transformer MOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chems Eddine Gherdaoui
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Maxei Group, Arras, France
| | - Zohra Bouberka
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des
Matériaux-Catalyse et Environnement, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie
d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf, Oran, Algeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Supiot
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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4
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Kobets T, Smith BPC, Williams GM. Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182828. [PMID: 36140952 PMCID: PMC9497933 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances have been associated with increased cancer risks in humans. Food-borne carcinogens span a range of chemical classes and can arise from natural or anthropogenic sources, as well as form endogenously. Important considerations include the mechanism(s) of action (MoA), their relevance to human biology, and the level of exposure in diet. The MoAs of carcinogens have been classified as either DNA-reactive (genotoxic), involving covalent reaction with nuclear DNA, or epigenetic, involving molecular and cellular effects other than DNA reactivity. Carcinogens are generally present in food at low levels, resulting in low daily intakes, although there are some exceptions. Carcinogens of the DNA-reactive type produce effects at lower dosages than epigenetic carcinogens. Several food-related DNA-reactive carcinogens, including aflatoxins, aristolochic acid, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene and ethylene oxide, are recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as causes of human cancer. Of the epigenetic type, the only carcinogen considered to be associated with increased cancer in humans, although not from low-level food exposure, is dioxin (TCDD). Thus, DNA-reactive carcinogens in food represent a much greater risk than epigenetic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-914-594-3105; Fax: +1-914-594-4163
| | - Benjamin P. C. Smith
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gary M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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5
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Zhu X, Zou Y, Qi X, Sheng Y, Lv S, Yu J, Wang X, Ding G, Duan Y. 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl attenuated fast-twitch fibers and fiber size of skeletal muscle via disturbing thyroid hormone signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1628-1638. [PMID: 35411558 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) affect multiple organs, and some of the effects are mediated by interfering with thyroid hormone (TH) signaling that regulates physiological processes in mammals. It remains unclear how PCBs affect skeletal muscle (SM). In our study, wistar rats were injected 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) intraperitoneally at 0, 10, 100, and 1,000 μg / kg / day for 13 weeks and C2C12 myoblasts were treated PCB118 (0, 0.25, 25, and 50 nM) for 24 hours or 48 hours. We found that myocyte cross sectional area (MCSA) was reduced, MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb mRNA levels significantly decreased, and muscle strength was weakened in PCB118-exposed rats. TH receptor α (TRα) and iodothyronine deiodinase type 2 (DIO2) were upregulated after PCB118 exposure both in vivo and vitro. Transmission electron microscopy showed significant mitochondrial abnormalities in PCB118-treated rats, and the expression of mitochondrial regulators such as PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) were altered after PCB118 exposure. These results suggest that PCB118 could weaken muscle strength and attenuate fast-twitch fibers and fiber size of SM in rats. TH signaling, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy were also disturbed by PCB118, which may contribute to the alternations of SM structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Zou
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Gährs M, Schrenk D. Suppression of apoptotic signaling in rat hepatocytes by non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls depends on the receptors CAR and PXR. Toxicology 2021; 464:153023. [PMID: 34743025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) represent a sub-group of persistent organic pollutants found in food, environmental samples and human and animal tissues. Promotion of pre-neoplastic lesions in rodent liver has been suggested as an indicator for a possible increased risk of liver cancer in humans exposed to NDL-PCBs. In rodent hepatocytes, suppression of DNA damage-triggered apoptosis is a typical mode of action of liver tumor promoters. Here, we report that NDL-PCBs suppress apoptosis in rat hepatocytes treated in culture with an apoptogenic dose of UV light. Suppression became less pronounced when the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and/or the pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) where knocked-out using siRNAs, while knocking-out both receptors led to a full reconstitution of apoptosis. In contrast, suppression of apoptosis by the CAR or PXR activators phenobarbital or dexamethasone were CAR- or PXR-specific. Induction and suppression of apoptosis were paralleled by changes in caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 activities. Our findings indicate that NDL-PCBs can suppress UV-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes by activating CAR and PXR. It needs further investigation if these mechanisms of action are also of relevance for human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Gährs
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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7
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Mustieles V, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, León J, Lange T, Bonde JP, Gómez-Peña C, Artacho-Cordón F, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Olmedo-Requena R, Expósito J, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Arrebola JP. Adipose Tissue Redox Microenvironment as a Potential Link between Persistent Organic Pollutants and the 16-Year Incidence of Non-hormone-Dependent Cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9926-9937. [PMID: 34180659 PMCID: PMC8474112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the relationships among the adipose tissue's (AT) oxidative microenvironment, in situ accumulated persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations, and cancer development. POP and oxidative stress levels were quantified in AT samples from 382 adults recruited within the GraMo cohort (2003-2004) in Granada (Spain). The 16-year cancer incidence was ascertained by reviewing health/administrative databases. Cox-regression models and mediation analyses were performed. The enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GRd) were positively associated with the risk of non-hormone-dependent (NHD) cancer [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.64 and HR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.41, 3.94, respectively]. After adjustment for covariates, polychlorinated biphenyl-138 (PCB-138) (HR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.09), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) (HR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.64), and hexachlorobenzene (HR 1.54; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.33) were also positively associated with the risk of NHD cancer. Although confidence intervals included the null value, probably because of the modest number of cancer cases, we observed a potential mediation effect of SOD and GRd on the associations between β-HCH and the risk of NHD tumors (percent mediated = 33 and 47%, respectively). Our results highlight the relevance of human AT's oxidative microenvironment as a predictor of future cancer risk as well as its potential mediating role on POP-related carcinogenesis. Given their novelty, these findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- Center
for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University
of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University
of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Pérez-Carrascosa
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Radiotherapy
and Oncology Department, University Hospital
Virgen de las Nieves Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Unidad
de
Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Theis Lange
- Section
of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Peter Bonde
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23F, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Celia Gómez-Peña
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Unidad
de
Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University
of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Expósito
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Radiotherapy
and Oncology Department, University Hospital
Virgen de las Nieves Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José J. Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan P. Arrebola
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
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8
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Lemaitre M, Frenoy P, Fiolet T, Besson C, Mancini FR. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and risk of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Evidence from the French E3N prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111005. [PMID: 33722527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent and bioaccumulative lipophilic substances, mostly used in the past by industry. Known to be cancerogenic, PCB are suspected to increase Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) risk in the general population mainly due to evidence from cases-controls studies. Since their interdiction in 1987, diet represents the main route of exposure for the general population, nevertheless no study has assessed the relationship between PCB dietary exposure and NHL risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between dietary exposures to dioxin like PCB (DL PCB) and non-dioxin like PCB (NDL PCB) and NHL risk in the E3N prospective cohort of French women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 67,879 women included in this study, 457 cases of NHL were confirmed during 21 years of follow-up. Dietary exposure to PCB was estimated combining food consumption data collected in E3N and food contamination data provided by French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) in the second French total diet study. Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Average age at diagnosis was 67 years. The median dietary exposure to DL PCB and NDL PCB was, 18.5 pg TEQ/d and 138,843.2 pg/d, respectively. While no association was found between dietary exposure to DL PCB or NDL PCB and overall NHL risk, analyses by NHL histological subgroups showed a positive association between dietary exposures to DL PCB and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (OR3vs1 1.90, 95%CI [1.03-3.51], ptrend 0.02). Nevertheless these findings were no longer statistically significant when the models were adjusted for fish and dairy products consumption. In addition, an inverse association was found between dietary exposure to NDL PCB and the risk of follicular lymphoma (OR3vs1 0.46, 95%CI [0.24-0.87], ptrend 0.01). CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the association between dietary exposure to DL and NDL PCB and the risk of NHL in a prospective cohort study. Overall, the findings suggest a lack of association between dietary exposure to DL or NDL PCB and NHL risk. Additional studies are needed to reproduce these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lemaitre
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Thibault Fiolet
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Besson
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France; Hematology-Oncology Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150, Le Chesnay, France; Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université de Paris Saclay, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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Squecco R, Pierucci F, Idrizaj E, Frati A, Lenci E, Vicenti C, Iachini MC, Martinesi M, Garella R, Baccari MC, Francini F, Meacci E. Ceramide/protein phosphatase 2A axis is engaged in gap junction impairment elicited by PCB153 in liver stem-like progenitor cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3111-3126. [PMID: 33837873 PMCID: PMC8263450 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The widespread environmental pollutant 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) is a non-dioxin-like toxicant. It is a potential carcinogen compound able to induce gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication impairment, probably the first non-genomic event leading to tumor promotion. Although PCBs have been known for many years, the molecular mode of PCB153 action is still unclear. Recent studies from our research group have shown that the toxicant elicits a transient modulation of connexin (Cx) 43-formed GJs in hepatic stem-like WB-F344 cells involving sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) path. Taking into account that other strictly related bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramide (Cer), may have different effects from S1P, here we aim to clarify the signaling paths engaged by PCB153 in the control of GJs, focusing primarily on the role of Cer. Accordingly, we have achieved a combined biomolecular and electrophysiological analysis of GJs in cultured WB-F344 cells treated with PCB153 at different time points. We have found that the toxicant elicited a time-dependent regulation of GJs formed by different Cx isoforms, through a transient modulation of Cer/Cer kinase (CerK) axis and, in turn, of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Our new findings demonstrate the existence of a specific molecular mechanism downstream to Cer, which distinctly affects the voltage-dependent and -independent GJs in liver stem-like cells, and open new opportunities for the identification of additional potential targets of these environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Frati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Catia Vicenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Iachini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Martinesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Francini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Research unit of Molecular and Applied Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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10
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Verdian A, Rouhbakhsh Z, Fooladi E. An ultrasensitive platform for PCB77 detection: New strategy for liquid crystal-based aptasensor fabrication. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123531. [PMID: 32721640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are considered persistent bio-accumulative toxicants which threats global food safety and environmental health. Traditional analytical techniques for detection of PCBs are time-consuming and they do not satisfy urgent need for rapid and accurate monitoring of these persistent pollutants. Biosensor technology may be promising in this respect. Here we demonstrate a novel liquid crystal (LC)-based aptasensing platform as a promising label-free and rapid biosensor for PCB77 detection. This novel molecular strategy utilize triple-helix molecular conformational switch which is mediated formation of duplex on sensing platform in presence of target. Duplex forming leads to optical change from dark to bright in a liquid crystal based aptasensor. The limit of quantification of the LC-aptasensor to PCB77 is 1.5 × 10-5 μg/L with comparable selectivity. Besides, we also demonstrated that this system is able to detect PCB77 in tap water, environmental water and milk. This strategy has potential for label-free and portable detection of different targets without any aptamer sequence length restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Verdian
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Rouhbakhsh
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Fooladi
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Niehoff NM, Zabor EC, Satagopan J, Widell A, O'Brien TR, Zhang M, Rothman N, Grimsrud TK, Van Den Eeden SK, Engel LS. Prediagnostic serum polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and primary liver cancer: A case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109690. [PMID: 32474310 PMCID: PMC7317661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in electrical equipment and a range of construction materials. Although banned in the United States and most of Europe in the 1970s, they are highly persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate. Whether PCBs are associated with liver cancer risk at general population levels is unknown. METHODS This study consisted of 136 incident liver cancer cases and 408 matched controls from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Multiphasic Health Checkup (MHC) cohort and 84 cases and 252 matched controls from the Norwegian Janus cohort. Sera collected in the 1960s-1980s were measured for 37 PCB congeners and markers of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tertiles of each lipid-adjusted PCB were estimated from conditional logistic regression. We also examined the molar sum of congeners in groups: total PCBs; low, medium, and high chlorination; and Wolff functional groups. RESULTS Concentrations of individual congeners from the 1960s/1970s sera ranged from 1.3-123.0 and 1.4-116.0 ng/g lipid among MHC cases and controls, respectively, and from 1.9-258.0 and 1.9-271.0 ng/g lipid among Janus cases and controls, respectively. Among MHC participants with sera from the 1960s, collected an average of 27 years before diagnosis among cases, the top tertile of PCBs 151, 170, 172, 177, 178, 180, and 195 was significantly associated with elevated odds of liver cancer (OR range = 2.01-2.38); most of these congeners demonstrated exposure-response trends. For example, ORtertile 3vs1 = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.22-4.64, p-trend = 0.01) for PCB 180. As a group, Wolff group 1b congeners, which are biologically persistent and weak phenobarbital inducers, were associated with increased odds. In MHC participants, ever vs. never HBV or HCV infection modified the PCB-liver cancer associations. There was little evidence of an association between PCBs and odds of liver cancer among the Janus cohort. DISCUSSION We observed associations between a number of PCB congeners and increased odds of liver cancer among MHC, but not Janus, participants with sera from the 1960s/1970s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Niehoff
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily C Zabor
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaya Satagopan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers- the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anders Widell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas R O'Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mingdong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Ženata O, Vrzalová A, Bachleda P, Janečková J, Panáček A, Kvítek L, Vrzal R. The effect of graphene oxide on signalling of xenobiotic receptors involved in biotransformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126753. [PMID: 32464781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an engineered nanomaterial which was demonstrated to have outstanding capacity for adsorption of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the ligands and activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Due to the partially overlapping ligand capacity of AhR and pregnane X receptor (PXR), we tested the impact of GO particles on their signalling. While reporter gene assay revealed potentiating effect of GO on ligand-activated AhR-dependent luciferase activity, there was no effect for PXR. However, inducible target genes for AhR (CYP1A1) or PXR (ABCB1) were decreased at mRNA as well as protein levels by the presence of GO in HepG2 (for AhR), LS180 (for PXR) or primary human hepatocytes (both receptors). Moreover, the presence of GO diminished PXR and AhR protein levels in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. This was partially reversed by proteasome inhibitor MG132 for AhR but not for PXR. In conclusion, GO decreases ligand-stimulated activities of AhR and PXR in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Ženata
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Vrzalová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bachleda
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janečková
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kvítek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic.
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13
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Dean KM, Marcell AM, Baltos LD, Carro T, Bohannon MEB, Ottinger MA. Comparative Lethality of In ovo Exposure to PCB 126, PCB 77, and 2 Environmentally Relevant PCB Mixtures in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2637-2650. [PMID: 31436847 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) egg bioassay was used to directly compare the toxicity of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77), and 2 environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures over specified dose ranges relative to vehicle and uninjected controls. Measures included lethality and deformities. Results showed clear dose-response relationships for PCB 126 and the 2 PCB mixtures by logistic analysis of covariance using a varying threshold model because there was a low but significant slope for mortality of vehicle controls over incubation. No dose-dependent increase in mortality was observed with PCB 77 treatment. Mortality increased above baseline for PCB 126 and the 2 mixtures after embryonic day 7 (ED07) to a stable slope from ED10. Median lethal doses and thresholds for response differed for PCB 126 and the 2 PCB mixtures, with the mixtures having lower initial toxicity and all showing progressively greater toxicity over the course of development. Further, the lethality of the PCB mixtures appeared to involve both aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and non-AhR mechanisms. Incidence of deformities was unrelated to treatments. In summary, complex mixtures of PCBs were lethal in a dose-related manner, with sublethal effects from exposure to PCB 77. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2637-2650. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Dean
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Allegra M Marcell
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah D Baltos
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany Carro
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith E B Bohannon
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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14
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Zhou Q, Wang L, Chen H, Xu B, Xu W, Sheng Y, Duan Y. 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl induced autophagy of the thyrocytes via DAPK2/PKD/VPS34 pathway. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1639-1648. [PMID: 31020377 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) has been shown to cause thyroidal ultrastructure lesions, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which PCB118 induces the abnormalities of the thyrocytes. Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with PCB118 (0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/kg/d) for 13 weeks, and FRTL-5 cells were treated with PCB118 (0, 0.25, 2.5 and 25 nM). Transmission electron microscopy showed typical autophagosomes in the thyroid of PCB118-treated rats. Immunofluorescence staining showed dose-dependent increase of autophagy in FRTL-5 cells exposed to PCB118. In vivo and vitro studies found that Tubulin beta 3 class III (Tubb3) mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly, while Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) increased after PCB118 exposure, and the binding between Tubb3 and DAPK2 was enhanced by PCB118 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PCB118 resulted in the upregulation of Protein kinase D (PKD) and downregulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (VPS34) in mRNA levels, and the activation of PKD and VPS34 phosphorylation. Additionally, Tubb3 small interfering RNA (siTubb3) suppressed DAPK2 protein expression and PKD phosphorylation in FRTL-5 cells, while VPS34 phosphorylation was inhibited by siPKD. Furthermore, DAPK2, PKD and VPS34 were upregulated by Tubb3 overexpression following PCB118 exposure. Our results demonstrate that low concentrations of PCB118 could promote thyroid autophagy formation and cause the abnormalities in thyroidal ultrastructure, and these effects are likely to be mediated by DAPK2/PKD/VPS34 dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bojin Xu
- Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gender- and dose-related metabolome alterations in rat offspring after in utero and lactational exposure to PCB 180. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:56-64. [PMID: 30880216 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that are still causing potentially harmful effects to humans and wildlife. While the adverse health effects of PCBs have been extensively studied for decades, little is known about the effects specifically caused by the less potent, yet abundant non-dioxin-like congeners (NDL-PCBs). Here a non-targeted metabolic profiling of rat offspring exposed in utero and lactationally to total doses of 0, 300 or 1000 mg/kg body weight of ultrapure PCB 180 is reported. Serum samples from 5 male, and 5 female offspring from each group taken 12 weeks after birth were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS system, and subsequent metabolite alterations were studied. Statistical analysis revealed gender and dose-dependent alterations in serum metabolite levels at doses that did not adversely influence maternal or offspring body weight development. Male rats exhibited a higher number of altered metabolites, as well as stronger dose-dependency. A total of 51 metabolites were identified based on spectral matching. Most notably, 20 of these were glycerophospholipids, mainly lysophosphocholines with systematically decreased concentrations especially in the high-dose males. Other major metabolite groups include amino acids, their derivatives and carnitines. Our findings are consistent with the earlier reported liver effects, as well as neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects of PCB 180. They also emphasize the potential value of metabolomics in characterizing toxic effects and in identifying sensitive biomarkers with potential future use in health risk assessment.
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Chen Y, Liu Y. Non-coplanar and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls potentiate genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in a human hepatocyte line by enhancing CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:945-954. [PMID: 31159144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants and hazardous to human health. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a strong carcinogen dependent on activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A4. Humans in some regions may be exposed to both PCBs and AFB1. Since PCBs are CYP inducers, we were interested in their combined genotoxicity. In this study, the effects of non-coplanar 2,3,3'-tri- (PCB 20), 2,2'5,5'-tetra- (PCB 52), 2,3,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 56), and coplanar 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) on protein levels of CYP1A1, 1A2, and 3A4, and nuclear receptors AhR, CAR and PXR in a human hepatocyte (L-02) line were investigated. Moreover, the combined effects of each PCB and AFB1 for induction of micronuclei and double-strand DNA breaks (indicated by an elevation of γ-H2AX) were analyzed. The results indicated that PCBs 20, 52 and 56 reduced the expression of AhR, while elevated that of CAR and PXR, with thresholds at low micromolar concentrations. However, they were less potent than PCB 126, which was active at sub-nanomolar levels. Overexpression of human splice variant CAR 3 in the cells increased CYP1A2 and 3A4 levels, which were further enhanced by each non-coplanar PCB, suggesting a role of CAR in modulating CYPs. Pretreatment of cells with each test PCB potentiated both micronuclei formation and DNA damage induced by AFB1. This study suggests that both non-coplanar and coplanar PCBs may enhance the genotoxicity of AFB1, through acting on various nuclear receptors; the potentiation of AFB1 genotoxicity by PCBs and the potential health implications may deserve concerns and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Associations of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls with long-term gut microbiome structure: a pilot study. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3. [PMID: 30778401 PMCID: PMC6376400 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The gut microbiome is influenced by early-life exposures, but—despite potentially enormous implications for child health—is understudied in environmental epidemiology. This pilot study is one of the first to explore in utero exposures and long-term gut microbiome profiles. We examined the association between exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy and the mid-childhood gut microbiome.
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18
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Leijs MM, Esser A, Amann PM, Schettgen T, Heise R, Fietkau K, Gube M, Merk HF, Kraus T, Baron JM. Expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and IL-1β in PBMCs and skin samples of PCB exposed individuals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:1429-1438. [PMID: 30045523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well- known man-made persistent environmental pollutants and endocrine disruptors. As a result of mass production in the past, background levels of these compounds can be measured in human blood worldwide. In 2010 high internal levels of PCBs were discovered in workers of a transformer-recycling company in Germany. Our aim was to measure, whether the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and IL-1β is dysregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the exposed individuals (n = max 308). Further, we measured the regulation of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, AHRR (aromatic hydrocarbon receptor repressor) and IL-1β in skin samples of 25 workers with elevated plasma PCB levels using quantitative PCR (q-RT-PCR). We found a significant correlation between the regulation of IL-1β in skin samples and lipid adjusted PCB levels. In the PBMCs, the expression levels of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and IL-1β decreased over time with decreasing PCB plasma levels. The upregulation of the cytokine IL-1β in exposed individuals with higher PCB plasma levels warrants further investigation in order to examine its role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders and tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike M Leijs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Amann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, SLK Hospital Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Gube
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Health Office of the city and area of Aachen, Trierer Straße 1, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans F Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens M Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Bohannon ME, Porter TE, Lavoie ET, Ottinger MA. Differential expression of hepatic genes with embryonic exposure to an environmentally relevant PCB mixture in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:691-704. [PMID: 29932843 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1484308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The upper Hudson River was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Aroclor mixtures from the 1940s until the late 1970s. Several well-established biomarkers, such as induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, were used to measure exposure to PCBs and similar contaminants in birds. In the present study, Japanese quail eggs were injected with a PCB mixture based upon a congener profile found in spotted sandpiper eggs at the upper Hudson River and subsequently, RNA was extracted from hatchling liver tissue for hybridization to a customized chicken cDNA microarray. Nominal concentrations of the mixture used for microarray hybridization were 0, 6, 12, or 49 μg/g egg. Hepatic gene expression profiles were analyzed using cluster and pathway analyses. Results showed potentially useful biomarkers of both exposure and effect attributed to PCB mixture. Biorag and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® analyses revealed differentially expressed genes including those involved in glycolysis, xenobiotic metabolism, replication, protein degradation, and tumor regulation. These genes included cytochrome P450 1A5 (CYP1A5), cytochrome b5 (CYB5), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione S-transferase (GSTA), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (ALDOB), glycogen phosphorylase, carbonic anhydrase, and DNA topoisomerase II. CYP1A5, CYB5, GSTA, and ALDOB were chosen for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmation, as these genes exhibited a clear dose response on the array. Data demonstrated that an initial transcriptional profile associated with an environmentally relevant PCB mixture in Japanese quail occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Bohannon
- a Department of Environmental Science and Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Tom E Porter
- b Department of Animal and Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Emma T Lavoie
- b Department of Animal and Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- c Department of Biology and Biochemistry , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
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20
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Pěnčíková K, Svržková L, Strapáčová S, Neča J, Bartoňková I, Dvořák Z, Hýžďalová M, Pivnička J, Pálková L, Lehmler HJ, Li X, Vondráček J, Machala M. In vitro profiling of toxic effects of prominent environmental lower-chlorinated PCB congeners linked with endocrine disruption and tumor promotion. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:473-486. [PMID: 29518658 PMCID: PMC5908724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to toxic effects of airborne lower-chlorinated PCB congeners (LC-PCBs) remain poorly characterized. We evaluated in vitro toxicities of environmental LC-PCBs found in both indoor and outdoor air (PCB 4, 8, 11, 18, 28 and 31), and selected hydroxylated metabolites of PCB 8, 11 and 18, using reporter gene assays, as well as other functional cellular bioassays. We focused on processes linked with endocrine disruption, tumor promotion and/or regulation of transcription factors controlling metabolism of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. The tested LC-PCBs were found to be mostly efficient anti-androgenic (within nanomolar - micromolar range) and estrogenic (at micromolar concentrations) compounds, as well as inhibitors of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) at micromolar concentrations. PCB 8, 28 and 31 were found to partially inhibit the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity. The tested LC-PCBs were also partial constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonists, with PCB 4, 8 and 18 being the most active compounds. They were inactive towards other nuclear receptors, such as vitamin D receptor, thyroid receptor α, glucocorticoid receptor or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. We found that only PCB 8 contributed to generation of oxidative stress, while all tested LC-PCBs induced arachidonic acid release (albeit without further modulations of arachidonic acid metabolism) in human lung epithelial cells. Importantly, estrogenic effects of hydroxylated (OH-PCB) metabolites of LC-PCBs (4-OH-PCB 8, 4-OH-PCB 11 and 4'-OH-PCB 18) were higher than those of the parent PCBs, while their other toxic effects were only slightly altered or suppressed. This suggested that metabolism may alter toxicity profiles of LC-PCBs in a receptor-specific manner. In summary, anti-androgenic and estrogenic activities, acute inhibition of GJIC and suppression of the AhR-mediated activity were found to be the most relevant modes of action of airborne LC-PCBs, although they partially affected also additional cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Pěnčíková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svržková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Strapáčová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Neča
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Bartoňková
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hýžďalová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pivnička
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pálková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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Ghosh S, Loffredo CA, Mitra PS, Trnovec T, Palkovicova Murinova L, Sovcikova E, Hoffman EP, Makambi KH, Dutta SK. PCB exposure and potential future cancer incidence in Slovak children: an assessment from molecular finger printing by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) derived from experimental and epidemiological investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16493-16507. [PMID: 29143255 PMCID: PMC5953777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cancer due to PCB exposure in humans is highly debated. In eastern Slovakia, high exposure of the population to organochlorines (especially PCBs) was associated with various disease and disorder pathways, viz., endocrine disruption, metabolic disorder & diabetes, and cancer, thereby disturbing several cellular processes, including protein synthesis, stress response, and apoptosis. We have evaluated a Slovak cohort (45-month children, at lower and higher levels of PCB exposure from the environment) for disease and disorder development to develop early disease cancer biomarkers that could shed new light on possible mechanisms for the genesis of cancers under such chemical exposures, and identify potential avenues for prevention.Microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted from the 45-month-old children on the Affymetrix platform followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) to associate the affected genes with their mechanistic pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) was performed to further validate the selected genes on the whole blood cells of the most highly exposed children from the study cohort (n = 71). TP53, MYC, BCL2, and LRP12 differential gene expressions suggested strong relationships between potential future tumor promotion and PCB exposure in Slovak children. The IPA analysis further detected the most important signaling pathways, including molecular mechanism of cancers, prostate cancer signaling, ovarian cancer signaling, P53 signaling, oncostatin M signaling, and their respective functions (viz., prostate cancer, breast cancer, progression of tumor, growth of tumor, and non-Hodgkin's disease). The results suggest that PCB exposures, even at the early age of these children, may have lifelong consequences for the future development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiranjan Ghosh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Departments of Oncology and of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Partha S Mitra
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubica Palkovicova Murinova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Kepher H Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sisir K Dutta
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
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22
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Dean KM, Baltos LD, Marcell AM, Bohannon MEB, Iwaniuk AN, Ottinger MA. Uptake of radiolabeled 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl into Japanese quail egg compartments and embryo following air cell and albumen injection. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:126-135. [PMID: 28865120 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The avian embryo is an excellent model for testing adverse developmental effects of environmental chemicals as well as uptake and movement of xenobiotics within the egg compartments. Before incubation at embryonic day 0, 14 C 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (14 C PCB 77) was injected into Japanese quail eggs either onto the air cell or into the albumen. All egg components were collected on embryonic day 1, 5, or 10, and concentrations of 14 C PCB 77 were measured in various egg components (shell, membrane, yolk, albumen, and embryo). The results showed measurable 14 C PCB 77 in all egg components, with changing concentrations in each egg component over the course of embryonic development. Specifically, concentrations in the shell content decreased between embryonic days 1 and 10, increased in albumen from embryonic days 1 to 5 and then decreased at embryonic day 10, and increased in both yolk and embryo from embryonic days 1 to 10. Vehicle and injection site both influenced 14 C PCB 77 allantoic fluid concentrations, with little effect on other egg components except for the inner shell membrane. The fatty acid vehicle injected into the albumen yielded the highest 14 C PCB 77 recovery. These findings demonstrate dynamic movement of toxicants throughout the egg components during avian embryonic development and a steady increase of relatively low levels of 14 C PCB 77 in the embryo compared with the yolk, albumen, and shell, suggesting that embryonic uptake (i.e., exposure) mirrors utilization of egg components for nutrition and growth during development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:126-135. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Dean
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah D Baltos
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Allegra M Marcell
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith E B Bohannon
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew N Iwaniuk
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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23
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Acylamino acid chiral fungicides on toxiciepigenetics in lambda DNA methylation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:735-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Man YB, Chow KL, Xing GH, Chan JKY, Wu SC, Wong MH. A pilot study on health risk assessment based on body loadings of PCBs of lactating mothers at Taizhou, China, the world's major site for recycling transformers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:364-371. [PMID: 28482316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our early study reported an extraordinarily high Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of PCBs of lactating mothers from Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China (based on a food consumption survey and food basket analysis). The EDI well exceeded the intake limit stipulated by FAO/WHO 70 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/month. The present pilot study provided further information on PCBs body burden in lactating mothers of Taizhou. The total PCBs detected in human milk, placenta and hair samples of these lactating mothers were 363 ng/g lipid, 224 ng/g lipid, and 386 ng/g dry wt. Respectively, three times higher than those samples collected from the reference site (Lin'an). Compared with the previous reported values in the 3rd WHO coordinated study, Taizhou topped the list of 32 countries/regions with regards to WHO-PCB-TEQ values of milk samples, which could be attributed to the relatively higher level of PCB-126 derived from electronic waste. In addition, the corresponding EDI of PCBs of Taizhou mothers (12.9 pg WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg bw/day) and infants (438 pg WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg) were derived from individual congener levels in human milk. The results were also higher than the tolerable daily intakes recommended by WHO (1-4 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw/day) by 3 and 110 times, for mothers and infants, respectively. A more intensive epidemiological study on the potential health effects of e-waste recycling activities affecting both workers and residents seems to be of top priority, based on findings of this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ka Lai Chow
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Guan Hua Xing
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Janet Kit Yan Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Sheng Chun Wu
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China.
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25
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Collina E, Bortolami M, Franzoni F, Lasagni M, Piccinelli E, Pitea D. PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB minimization: A 13-year experimental study along the flue gas cleaning system of a secondary aluminium refining plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:409-417. [PMID: 28458216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 13-years study shows that a careful design of the flue gas cleaning system of a full scale secondary aluminium refining plant results in a minimized and very stable emission of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDD), Polychlorinated Dibenzo Furans (PCDF) and dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB). The value of equivalent toxicity of PCDD/F in the emission was definitely of an order of magnitude less than the regulation limit. In the initial flue gas cleaning system, the PCB mean fingerprint after the slow cooling of the flue gas was typical of de novo synthesis. Instead, in the presence of quenching, there was evidence that the fast cooling of flue gas prevented the PCB de novo synthesis. In fact, the PCB profile was similar to that in the air collected from the aspiration hoods for the quenching. The gas-phase and solid-phase partitioning of PCBs, before and after the fabric filters, highlights the predominant role of the vapor phase with respect to the total removal efficiency. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons breakdown could be an additional de novo formation pathway even in industrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Collina
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Lasagni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Elsa Piccinelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Demetrio Pitea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
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26
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Takeuchi S, Anezaki K, Kojima H. Effects of unintentional PCBs in pigments and chemical products on transcriptional activity via aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear hormone receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:306-313. [PMID: 28501025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, some pigments and chemical products have been reported to contain polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners as unintentional byproducts, and these have also been detected in residential environments from indoor air and house dust. In this study, using in vitro reporter gene assays, we characterized the agonistic and antagonistic activities of a total of 25 PCB congeners contained in pigments (PCB-1 to -16, -20, -35, -40, -52, -56, -77, -101, -126, and -153) against five nuclear hormone receptors, (estrogen receptor (ER) α/β, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), androgen receptor (AR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α1) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In the ERα/β assays, 19 and 13 of the 25 PCBs tested showed ERα/β agonistic and/or antagonistic activities, respectively. Relatively potent agonistic activities against ERα/β were found in PCB congeners possessing chlorides at positions 2 and 3. In the GR and AR assays, five and all of the 25 PCB congeners showed antagonistic activity, respectively. Among the anti-androgenic PCB congeners, the activities were more potent in PCB congeners possessing more than three chlorides including consecutive ortho- and meta- or meta- and para-chlorides. In the AhR assay using a sensitive DR-EcoScreen cell line, five of the 25 PCB congeners showed agonistic activity. We newly found that PCB-1, -35 and -56 can act as AhR agonists. Despite these activities among the PCBs, the effects of PCB-11, mainly detected in pigments and chemical products, against these receptors were found to be weaker than those of other tested PCBs. These results suggest that unintentional PCBs in pigments and chemical products might act as agonists and/or antagonists against ERα/β, AR, GR, and AhR, and some of the PCBs might disrupt endocrine functions via multiple receptors and/or simultaneously induce dioxin-like activity via AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takeuchi
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Anezaki
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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27
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Hernández ÁR, Boada LD, Mendoza Z, Ruiz-Suárez N, Valerón PF, Camacho M, Zumbado M, Almeida-González M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Luzardo OP. Consumption of organic meat does not diminish the carcinogenic potential associated with the intake of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4261-4273. [PMID: 25893622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown an epidemiological link between meat consumption and the incidence of cancer, and it has been suggested that this relationship may be motivated by the presence of carcinogenic contaminants on it. Among the most frequently detected contaminants in meat are several types of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and it is well known that many of them are carcinogenic. On the other hand, an increasing number of consumers choose to feed on what are perceived as healthier foods. Thus, the number of consumers of organic food is growing. However, environmental contamination by POPs is ubiquitous, and it is therefore unlikely that the practices of organic food production are able to prevent this contamination. To test this hypothesis, we acquired 76 samples of meat (beef, chicken, and lamb) of two modes of production (organic and conventional) and quantified their levels of 33 carcinogenic POPs. On this basis, we determined the human meat-related daily dietary exposure to these carcinogens using as a model a population with a high consumption of meat, such as the Spanish population. The maximum allowable meat consumption for this population and the carcinogenic risk quotients associated with the current pattern of consumption were calculated. As expected, no sample was completely free of carcinogenic contaminants, and the differences between organically and conventionally produced meats were minimal. According to these results, the current pattern of meat consumption exceeded the maximum limits, which are set according to the levels of contaminations, and this is associated with a relevant carcinogenic risk. Strikingly, the consumption of organically produced meat does not diminish this carcinogenic risk, but on the contrary, it seems to be even higher, especially that associated with lamb consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Rodríguez Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zenaida Mendoza
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Norberto Ruiz-Suárez
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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NYPD Cancer Incidence Rates 1995-2014 Encompassing the Entire World Trade Center Cohort. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 57:e101-13. [PMID: 26461871 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare cancer incidence rates (CIRs), between preexposure (1995-2000) and postexposure (2002-2014) periods in the entire New York City Police Department cohort exposed to the 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. METHODS CIR derived from active duty officer records, including postexposure data on retired officers. RESULTS We observed 870 cancer cases in 859 officers (1995-2014), including 193 active duty cases pre-WTC and 677 cases (484 active duty, 193 retired) post-WTC. Overall, median CIR increased 1.44-fold compared with pre-WTC, with brain cancer increasing 3.27-fold, and kidney cancer increasing similarly. Thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increased 2.29 and 1.68-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the small number of cancers at specific sites, and possibility of confounders. However, apparent increases in cancers overall, and in highlighted sites, remain of concern, underscoring the need for continued monitoring of this cohort.
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Leng L, Li J, Luo XM, Kim JY, Li YM, Guo XM, Chen X, Yang QY, Li G, Tang NJ. Polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer: A congener-specific meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:133-141. [PMID: 26735351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is related to various risk factors, especially that the environmental and lifestyle factors account for major contribution at the rate of 70% to 95% over all. However, there still remains some controversy over the epidemiological evidence regarding the effects of environmental carcinogens on the risk of breast cancer. We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis aiming at full evaluation of the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on breast cancer in a congener-specific fashion. Four online literature databases were systematically searched before 1st January 2015, for studies stating correlation between PCB congeners and breast cancer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies that were included in our analysis. Sixteen studies were included in our final meta-analysis after screening based on the priori inclusion criteria. Nine PCB congeners were reported by more than two studies and they were presented in detail. The pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) showed a significant increase in the risk of breast cancer in individuals with higher plasma/fat levels of PCB 99 (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.80), PCB 183 (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.95) and PCB 187 (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.39). Besides, the outcomes did not support a relationship between dioxin-like PCB congeners and the risk of breast cancer. The results of our meta-analysis imply that PCB 99, PCB 183 and PCB 187 would increase the risk of breast cancer. The mechanism of this increased risk may be by the induction of the CYP2B family in cytochrome P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi-Meng Li
- Department of Biomedical Information, Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue-Mei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Information, Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guang Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Divergent Effects of Dioxin- or Non-Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Apoptosis of Primary Cell Culture from the Mouse Pituitary Gland. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146729. [PMID: 26752525 PMCID: PMC4709048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can disrupt the endocrine function, promote neoplasms and regulate apoptosis in some tissues; however, it is unknown whether PCBs can affect the apoptosis of pituitary cells. The study evaluated the effect of PCBs on the apoptosis of normal pituitary cells and the underlying mechanisms. Primary cell cultures obtained from mouse pituitary glands were exposed to Aroclor 1254 or selected dioxin-like (PCB 77, PCB 126) or non-dioxin-like (PCB 153, PCB 180) congeners. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V staining, DNA fragmentation, and TUNEL assay. Both the expression and activity of caspases were analyzed. Selective thyroid hormone receptor (TR) or aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or CYP1A1 antagonist were used to explore the mechanisms underlying PCBs action. Our results showed that Aroclor 1254 induced the apoptosis of pituitary cells as well as the final caspase-3 level and activity through the extrinsic pathway, as shown by the increased caspase-8 level and activity. On the other hand, the intrinsic pathway evaluated by measuring caspase-9 expression was silent. The selected non-dioxin-like congeners either increased (PCB 180) or reduced (PCB 153) pituitary cell apoptosis, affecting the extrinsic pathway (PCB 180), or both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways (PCB 153), respectively. In contrast, the dioxin-like congeners (PCB 77 and PCB 126) did not affect apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic phenotype of PCB 153 was counteracted by a TR or a CYP1A1 antagonist, whereas the pro-apoptotic effect of PCB 180 was counteracted by an AhR antagonist. The induced apoptosis of Aroclor 1254 or PCB 180 was associated with a reduction of cell proliferation, whereas the decreased apoptosis due to PCB 153 increased cell proliferation by 30%. In conclusion, our data suggest that non-dioxin-like PCBs may modulate apoptosis and the proliferation rate of pituitary cells that have either pro- or anti-apoptotic effects depending on the specific congeners. However, the impact of PCBs on the process of pituitary tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated.
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31
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Abliz A, Chen C, Deng W, Wang W, Sun R. NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Apocynin Attenuates PCB153-Induced Thyroid Injury in Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:8354745. [PMID: 27047545 PMCID: PMC4800090 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8354745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PCBs, widespread endocrine disruptors, cause the disturbance of thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in humans and animals. However, the exact mechanism of thyroid dysfunction caused by PCBs is still unknown. In order to clarify the hypotheses that NADPH oxidase (NOX) and subsequent NF-κB pathway may play roles in thyroid dysfunction, sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, PCB153 treated (PCB) group, received apocynin with PCB153 treatment (APO + PCB) group, and drug control (APO) group. Serum thyroid hormone levels were evaluated. The morphological change of thyroid tissue was analyzed under the light and transmission electron microscopy. NOX2, 8-OHdG, and NF-κB expression in the thyroid tissue was evaluated by immune-histochemical staining. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were detected. The following results were reduced after apocynin treatment: (1) serum thyroid hormone, (2) thyroid pathological injuries, (3) thyroid MDA, (4) thyroid ultrastructural change, (5) serum inflammatory cytokines, and (6) thyroid expression of NOX2, 8-OHdG, and NF-κB. These results suggested that NOX inhibition attenuates thyroid dysfunction induced by PCB in rats, presumably because of its role in preventing ROS generation and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for PCBs induced thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablikim Abliz
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- *Weixing Wang:
| | - Rongze Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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Berwick M, Buller DB, Cust A, Gallagher R, Lee TK, Meyskens F, Pandey S, Thomas NE, Veierød MB, Ward S. Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 167:17-49. [PMID: 26601858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22539-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of melanoma is complex, and individual risk depends on sun exposure, host factors, and genetic factors, and in their interactions as well. Sun exposure can be classified as intermittent, chronic, or cumulative (overall) exposure, and each appears to have a different effect on type of melanoma. Other environmental factors, such as chemical exposures-either through occupation, atmosphere, or food-may increase risk for melanoma, and this area warrants further study. Host factors that are well known to be important are the numbers and types of nevi and the skin phenotype. Genetic factors are classified as high-penetrant genes, moderate-risk genes, or low-risk genetic polymorphisms. Subtypes of tumors, such as BRAF-mutated tumors, have different risk factors as well as different therapies. Prevention of melanoma has been attempted using various strategies in specific subpopulations, but to date optimal interventions to reduce incidence have not emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10-5550, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - David B Buller
- Klein Buendel, Inc., 1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 225, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Anne Cust
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 6, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Richard Gallagher
- Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Tim K Lee
- Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Frank Meyskens
- Public Health and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Shaily Pandey
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- University of North Carolina, 413 Mary Ellen Jones Bldg. CB#7287, Chapel Hill, NC, 275992, USA.
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1122 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sarah Ward
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease (GOHaD), The University of Western Australia, M409, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Hernández ÁR, Boada LD, Almeida-González M, Mendoza Z, Ruiz-Suárez N, Valeron PF, Camacho M, Zumbado M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Luzardo OP. An estimation of the carcinogenic risk associated with the intake of multiple relevant carcinogens found in meat and charcuterie products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 514:33-41. [PMID: 25659303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a link between excessive meat consumption and the incidence of various cancers, especially colorectal cancer, and it has been suggested that environmental carcinogens present in meat might be related to the increased risk of cancer associated with this food. However, there are no studies evaluating the carcinogenic potential of meat in relation to its content of carcinogens. Our purpose was to emphasize the relevance of environmental carcinogens existing in meat as a determinant of the association between cancer and meat consumption. Because within Europe, Spain shows high consumption of meat and charcuterie, we performed this study focusing on Spanish population. Based on the preferences of consumers we acquired 100 samples of meat and charcuterie that reflect the variety available in the European market. We quantified in these samples the concentration of 33 chemicals with calculated carcinogenic potential (PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, and dioxin-like PCBs). The carcinogenic risk of these contaminants was assessed for each food using a risk ratio based on the current consumption of meat and charcuterie and the maximum tolerable intake of these foods depending on the level of contamination by the carcinogens they contain. Our results indicate that the current consumption of beef, pork, lamb, chicken, and "chorizo", represents a relevant carcinogenic risk for consumers (carcinogenic risk quotient between 1.33 and 13.98). In order to reduce carcinogenic risk, the study population should halve the monthly consumption of these foods, and also not to surpass the number of 5 servings of beef/pork/chicken (considered together).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Spain
| | - Zenaida Mendoza
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Norberto Ruiz-Suárez
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valeron
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain.
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Abella V, Santoro A, Scotece M, Conde J, López-López V, Lazzaro V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Meli R, Gualillo O. Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 101, PCB 153 and PCB 180) induce chondrocyte cell death through multiple pathways. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Grimm FA, Hu D, Kania-Korwel I, Lehmler HJ, Ludewig G, Hornbuckle KC, Duffel MW, Bergman A, Robertson LW. Metabolism and metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:245-72. [PMID: 25629923 PMCID: PMC4383295 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.999365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is complex and has an impact on toxicity, and thereby on the assessment of PCB risks. A large number of reactive and stable metabolites are formed in the processes of biotransformation in biota in general, and in humans in particular. The aim of this document is to provide an overview of PCB metabolism, and to identify the metabolites of concern and their occurrence. Emphasis is given to mammalian metabolism of PCBs and their hydroxyl, methylsulfonyl, and sulfated metabolites, especially those that persist in human blood. Potential intracellular targets and health risks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- FA Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa
| | - D Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa
| | - I Kania-Korwel
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - HJ Lehmler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - G Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - KC Hornbuckle
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa
| | - MW Duffel
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa
| | - A Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, SWEDEN
| | - LW Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa
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Zhong Y, Guo P, Wang X, An J. Aroclor 1254 inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis of human A549 lung cancer cells by modulating the intracellular Ca(2+) level and ROS production through the mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:806-813. [PMID: 26030686 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1019797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To study the acute toxic effects of PCBs on airway exposure, the cell viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial functions of human lung cancer cell line A549 were measured and compared after Aroclor 1254 exposure for different time. The results showed that Aroclor 1254 could inhibit cell viability and increase cell apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was confirmed playing an important role. ROS elevation was an early response within 1h treatment of Aroclor 1254. Then after 4 h of Aroclor 1254 exposure, the intracellular calcium level increased and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) collapsed, accompanying with Cytochrome c (Cyt-c) leakage, boosting expression of Bax, Apaf-1 and miRNA155, which were involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. After 24 h of Aroclor 1254 exposure, ROS returned to normal level, but cell apoptosis rate was higher than that at 4 h with ΔΨm continued collapsing and intracellular calcium increased. In conclusion, Aroclor 1254 could suppress cell viability and induce apoptosis in A549 cells, which was associated with ROS over-production and elevated cellular Ca(2+) level, which may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing expression of Bax/Cyt-c/Apaf-1 and miRNA155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Zhong
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Camacho M, Boada LD, Ruiz-Suarez N, Almeida-González M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Daily intake of anthropogenic pollutants through yogurt consumption in the Spanish population. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.978777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Viluksela M, Heikkinen P, van der Ven LTM, Rendel F, Roos R, Esteban J, Korkalainen M, Lensu S, Miettinen HM, Savolainen K, Sankari S, Lilienthal H, Adamsson A, Toppari J, Herlin M, Finnilä M, Tuukkanen J, Leslie HA, Hamers T, Hamscher G, Al-Anati L, Stenius U, Dervola KS, Bogen IL, Fonnum F, Andersson PL, Schrenk D, Halldin K, Håkansson H. Toxicological profile of ultrapure 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorbiphenyl (PCB 180) in adult rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104639. [PMID: 25137063 PMCID: PMC4138103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PCB 180 is a persistent non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (NDL-PCB) abundantly present in food and the environment. Risk characterization of NDL-PCBs is confounded by the presence of highly potent dioxin-like impurities. We used ultrapure PCB 180 to characterize its toxicity profile in a 28-day repeat dose toxicity study in young adult rats extended to cover endocrine and behavioral effects. Using a loading dose/maintenance dose regimen, groups of 5 males and 5 females were given total doses of 0, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 or 1700 mg PCB 180/kg body weight by gavage. Dose-responses were analyzed using benchmark dose modeling based on dose and adipose tissue PCB concentrations. Body weight gain was retarded at 1700 mg/kg during loading dosing, but recovered thereafter. The most sensitive endpoint of toxicity that was used for risk characterization was altered open field behavior in females; i.e. increased activity and distance moved in the inner zone of an open field suggesting altered emotional responses to unfamiliar environment and impaired behavioral inhibition. Other dose-dependent changes included decreased serum thyroid hormones with associated histopathological changes, altered tissue retinoid levels, decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin, decreased follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in males and increased expression of DNA damage markers in liver of females. Dose-dependent hypertrophy of zona fasciculata cells was observed in adrenals suggesting activation of cortex. There were gender differences in sensitivity and toxicity profiles were partly different in males and females. PCB 180 adipose tissue concentrations were clearly above the general human population levels, but close to the levels in highly exposed populations. The results demonstrate a distinct toxicological profile of PCB 180 with lack of dioxin-like properties required for assignment of WHO toxic equivalency factor. However, PCB 180 shares several toxicological targets with dioxin-like compounds emphasizing the potential for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Päivi Heikkinen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo T. M. van der Ven
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Rendel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Esteban
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna M. Miettinen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Satu Sankari
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hellmuth Lilienthal
- Center of Toxicology, IPA – Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Adamsson
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Finnilä
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heather A. Leslie
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lauy Al-Anati
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kine-Susann Dervola
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Bogen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Fonnum
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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An J, Wang X, Guo P, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Yu Z. Hexabromocyclododecane and polychlorinated biphenyls increase resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cisplatin through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:265-72. [PMID: 24960055 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in China with high mortality, high chemotherapy resistance incidence, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on chemoresistance of HCC cells (HepG2, MHCC97H, and MHCC97L) to cisplatin and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. Cell viability, DNA damage, the expression level and activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p53/Mdm4, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway were measured. The results showed that HBCD and PCBs could significantly reduce the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin, increasing the cell viability and decreasing DNA damage. Moreover, HBCD and PCBs could induce the transcriptional activity of NF-κb and suppress the p53 expression in HepG2 and MHCC97H cells. In MHCC97L cells, however, opposite changes for NF-κB protein expression, NF-κB transcriptional activity, and p53/Mdm4 expression were observed after HBCD and PCBs exposure. Further investigation revealed that HBCD and PCBs exposure significantly increased the expression level of p-Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in HepG2 and MHCC97H cells, but reduced that in MHCC97L cells. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could relieve the influence of HBCD and PCBs on chemoresistance in HepG2 and MHCC97H cells. Taken together, HBCD and PCBs at low concentrations could increase the resistance of HCC cells to cisplatin through modulation on NF-κB pathway activation and p53 function, which is associated with the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Xiu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Panpan Guo
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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40
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Multi-residue method for the determination of 57 persistent organic pollutants in human milk and colostrum using a QuEChERS-based extraction procedure. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9523-36. [PMID: 24162817 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human breast milk represents the best choice for the nutrition of infants. However, in addition to containing beneficial nutrients and antibodies, it can also be considered the best indicator of infant exposure to contaminants. We developed a multi-residue method using a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure and capillary gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of 57 persistent organic pollutants, including 23 organochlorine pesticides, 18 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human milk and colostrum samples. We have used primary secondary amine in the clean-up step as it gave a more efficient separation of the analytes from fat and superior removal of the co-extracted substances compared with gel permeation chromatography. No significant matrix effect was observed for the tested pollutants, and therefore matrix-matched calibration was not necessary. The average recoveries from spiked samples were in the range of 74.8-113.0 %. The precision was satisfactory, with relative standard deviations below 16 %, while values of 0.1-0.4 μg L(-1) were established as the limit of quantification for all the target analytes (0.05 and 100 μg L(-1)). The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 18 human colostrum and 23 mature milk samples. All the samples tested were positive for at least nine different residues, with some samples containing up to 24 contaminants. Remarkably, the contaminants hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-DDE, PCB 138, PCB 180, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were present in 100 % of the colostrum and mature milk samples analyzed.
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41
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Luzardo OP, Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Quesada-Tacoronte Y, Ruiz-Suárez N, Almeida-González M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Zumbado M, Boada LD. Influence of the method of production of eggs on the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine contaminants: An independent study in the Canary Islands (Spain). Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Gährs M, Roos R, Andersson PL, Schrenk D. Role of the nuclear xenobiotic receptors CAR and PXR in induction of cytochromes P450 by non-dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Cimenci O, Vandevijvere S, Goscinny S, Van Den Bergh MA, Hanot V, Vinkx C, Bolle F, Van Loco J. Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to non-dioxin-like PCBs. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:670-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Zhu Y, Mapuskar KA, Marek RF, Xu W, Lehmler HJ, Robertson LW, Hornbuckle KC, Spitz DR, Aykin-Burns N. A new player in environmentally induced oxidative stress: polychlorinated biphenyl congener, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB11). Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:39-50. [PMID: 23997111 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent analysis of air samples from Chicago and Lake Michigan areas observed a ubiquitous airborne polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB11). Our analysis of serum samples also revealed the existence of hydroxylated metabolites of PCB11 in human blood. Because PCBs and PCB metabolites have been suggested to induce oxidative stress, this study sought to determine whether environmental exposure to PCB11 and its 4-hydroxyl metabolite could induce alterations in steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). This study also examines if antioxidants could protect the cells from PCB11-induced cytotoxicity. Exponentially growing RWPE-1 cells were exposed to PCB11 and its metabolite, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4-ol (4-OH-PCB11), as well as an airborne PCB mixture resembling the Chicago ambient air congener profile, every day for 5 days. Results showed that 4-OH-PCB11 could significantly induce cell growth suppression and decrease the viability and plating efficiency of RWPE-1 cells. 4-OH-PCB11 also significantly increased steady-state levels of intracellular superoxide, O₂•⁻), as well as hydroperoxides. Finally, treatment with the combination of polyethylene glycol-conjugated CuZn superoxide dismutase and catalase added 1h after 4-OH-PCB11 exposures, significantly protected RWPE-1 cells from PCB toxicity. The results strongly support the hypothesis that exposure to a hydroxylated metabolite of PCB11 can inhibit cell proliferation and cause cytotoxicity by increasing steady-state levels of ROS. Furthermore, antioxidant treatments following PCBs exposure could significantly mitigate the PCB-induced cytotoxicity in exponentially growing human prostate epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhu
- * Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, B180 Medical Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Grimm FA, Lehmler HJ, He X, Robertson LW, Duffel MW. Sulfated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls are high-affinity ligands for the thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:657-62. [PMID: 23584369 PMCID: PMC3672920 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The displacement of l-thyroxine (T4) from binding sites on transthyretin (TTR) is considered a significant contributing mechanism in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-induced thyroid disruption. Previous research has discovered hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs) as high-affinity ligands for TTR, but the binding potential of conjugated PCB metabolites such as PCB sulfates has not been explored. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the binding of five lower-chlorinated PCB sulfates to human TTR and compared their binding characteristics to those determined for their OH-PCB precursors and for T4. METHODS We used fluorescence probe displacement studies and molecular docking simulations to characterize the binding of PCB sulfates to TTR. The stability of PCB sulfates and the reversibility of these interactions were characterized by HPLC analysis of PCB sulfates after their binding to TTR. The ability of OH-PCBs to serve as substrates for human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1A1 (hSULT1A1) was assessed by OH-PCB-dependent formation of adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate, an end product of the sulfation reaction. RESULTS All five PCB sulfates were able to bind to the high-affinity binding site of TTR with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd values) in the low nanomolar range (4.8-16.8 nM), similar to that observed for T4 (4.7 nM). Docking simulations provided corroborating evidence for these binding interactions and indicated multiple high-affinity modes of binding. All OH-PCB precursors for these sulfates were found to be substrates for hSULT1A1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that PCB sulfates are high-affinity ligands for human TTR and therefore indicate, for the first time, a potential relevance for these metabolites in PCB-induced thyroid disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 is down-regulated in a human B lymphoblastoid cell line by PCB153 and in residents from PCBs-contaminated areas. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 752:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Prenatal exposure to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener influences fixation duration on biological motion at 4-months-old: a preliminary study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59196. [PMID: 23555630 PMCID: PMC3610708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners on postnatal brain development have been reported in a number of previous studies. However, few studies have examined the effects of prenatal PCB exposure on early social development. The present study sought to increase understanding of the neurotoxicity of PCBs by examining the relationship between PCB congener concentrations in umbilical cord blood and fixation patterns when observing upright and inverted biological motion (BM) at four-months after birth. The development of the ability to recognize BM stimuli is considered a hallmark of socio-cognitive development. The results revealed a link between dioxin-like PCB #118 concentration and fixation pattern. Specifically, four-month-olds with a low-level of prenatal exposure to PCB #118 exhibited a preference for the upright BM over inverted BM, whereas those with a relatively high-level of exposure did not. This finding supports the proposal that prenatal PCB exposure impairs the development of social functioning, and indicates the importance of congener-specific analysis in the risk analysis of the adverse effects of PCB exposure on the brain development.
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Baršienė J, Rybakovas A, Lang T, Andreikėnaitė L, Michailovas A. Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels in fish from the North Sea offshore region and Atlantic coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 68:106-116. [PMID: 23313042 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the ICON project, environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels were assessed in blood erythrocytes of dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) collected at 25 stations in the North Sea and near the coast of Iceland in August-October 2008. Micronuclei, nuclear buds and bi-nucleated cells with nucleoplasmic bridges were assessed as environmental genotoxicity biomarkers, and the frequency of fragmented-apoptotic and bi-nucleated erythrocytes were assessed as environmental cytotoxicity biomarkers. The lowest frequencies of genotoxic and cytotoxic abnormalities were detected in fish from the Icelandic study stations. The highest frequencies of abnormalities were recorded in dab from the Dogger Bank and the German Bight, in haddock from the Egersund Bank and from an area off the Firth of Forth (North Sea). In fish from the Icelandic reference area, frequencies of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity responses were significantly lower than in fish from most areas of the North Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Baršienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Zhai G, Lehmler HJ, Schnoor JL. Sulfate metabolites of 4-monochlorobiphenyl in whole poplar plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:557-62. [PMID: 23215248 PMCID: PMC3565590 DOI: 10.1021/es303807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
4-Monochlorobiphenyl (PCB3) has been proven to be transformed into hydroxylated metabolites of PCB3 (OH-PCB3s) in whole poplar plants in our previous work. However, hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs, including OH-PCB3s, as the substrates of sulfotransferases have not been studied in many organisms including plants in vivo. Poplar (Populus deltoides × nigra, DN34) was used to investigate the further metabolism from OH-PCB3s to PCB3 sulfates because it is a model plant and one that is frequently utilized in phytoremediation. Results showed poplar plants could metabolize PCB3 into PCB3 sulfates during 25 day exposures. Three sulfate metabolites, including 2'-PCB3 sulfate, 3'-PCB3 sulfate, and 4'-PCB3 sulfate, were identified in poplar roots and their concentrations increased in the roots from day 10 to day 25. The major products were 2'-PCB3 sulfate and 4'-PCB3 sulfate. However, the concentrations of PCB3 sulfates were much lower than those of OH-PCB3s in the roots, suggesting the sequential transformation of these hydroxylated PCB3 metabolites into PCB3 sulfates in whole poplars. In addition, 2'-PCB3 sulfate or 4'-PCB3 sulfate was also found in the bottom wood samples indicating some translocation or metabolism in woody tissue. Results suggested that OH-PCB3s were the substrates of sulfotransferases which catalyzed the formation of PCB3 sulfates in the metabolic pathway of PCB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshu Zhai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
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50
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Zani C, Toninelli G, Filisetti B, Donato F. Polychlorinated biphenyls and cancer: an epidemiological assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:99-144. [PMID: 23672403 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.782174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic and persistent chemicals produced between 1930s and 1980s primarily for insulating fluids in heavy-duty electrical equipment in power plants, industries, and large buildings. They persist in the environment and accumulate in plants and animals, and have been classified as probable carcinogens to humans. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific literature on the relationship between PCB exposure and human cancer. Two cohorts of people highly exposed to PCBs through ingestion of contaminated rice oil and some cohorts of occupationally exposed workers failed to show a definite increase in total cancer mortality and provided inconsistent results regarding single cancers. Several cohort and case-control studies investigated the association between PCBs and specific cancers, showing an association between PCB serum levels and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), with a summary odds ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.7), but no consistent results for the other cancer sites and types. In conclusion, this review provides some evidence for the role of PCBs in the development of NHL, although the inconsistent results of studies performed on highly polluted people and occupationally exposed workers do not allow a firm conclusion to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zani
- Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
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